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Vplyv Výsevku Na Produkciu Stoklasu Horského

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Vplyv Výsevku Na Produkciu Stoklasu Horského SLOVENSKÁ PO ĽNOHOSPODÁRSKA UNIVERZITA V NITRE FAKULTA AGROBIOLÓGIE A POTRAVINOVÝCH ZDROJOV 2122358 VPLYV VÝSEVKU NA PRODUKCIU STOKLASU HORSKÉHO 2011 Katarína Kolenová, Bc. SLOVENSKÁ PO ĽNOHOSPODÁRSKA UNIVERZITA V NITRE FAKULTA AGROBIOLÓGIE A POTRAVINOVÝCH ZDROJOV VPLYV VÝSEVKU NA PRODUKCIU STOKLASU HORSKÉHO Diplomová práca Študijný program: Udržate ľné po ľnohospodárstvo a rozvoj vidieka Študijný odbor: 6.1.1 Všeobecné po ľnohospodárstvo Školiace pracovisko: Katedra trávnych ekosystémov a k ŕmnych plodín Školite ľ: Ing. Ľuboš Vozár, PhD. Nitra 2011 Katarína Kolenová, Bc. Čestné vyhlásenie Podpísaná Katarína Kolenová vyhlasujem, že som závere čnú prácu na tému „Vplyv výsevku na produkciu stoklasu horského“ vypracovala samostatne s použitím uvedenej literatúry. Som si vedomá zákonných dôsledkov v prípade, ak uvedené údaje nie sú pravdivé. V Nitre 18. apríla 2011 Po ďakovanie Chcela by som po ďakova ť všetkým, ktorí mi akýmko ľvek spôsobom pomohli pri vypracovaní tejto diplomovej práce. Moja v ďaka patrí najmä Ing. Ľubošovi Vozárovi, PhD.- vedúcemu diplomovej práce, za odborné vedenie a cenné pripomienky pri spracovaní problematiky. SLOVENSKÁ PO ĽNOHOSPODÁRSKA UNIVERZITA V NITRE Fakulta : Fakulta agrobiológie a potravinových zdrojov Katedra : Katedra trávnych ekosystémov a kŕmnych plodín Akademický rok: 2010/2011 ZADÁVACÍ PROTOKOL DIPLOMOVEJ PRÁCE Študent: Katarína Kolenová, Bc. Študijný odbor: 6.1.1 Všeobecné po ľnohospodárstvo Študijný program: Udržate ľné po ľnohospodárstvo a rozvoj vidieka V zmysle 3. časti, čl. 21 študijného poriadku SPU v Nitre z roku 2002 Vám zadávam tému diplomovej práce: Vplyv výsevku na produkciu stoklasu horského. Cie ľ práce: Cie ľom práce bolo experimenálne overenie vplyvu výšky výsevku stoklasu horského ( Bromus marginatus Nees ex Steud .) ´Tacit´ na jeho produkciu. Rámcová metodika práce: • získavanie údajov z pokusného stanoviš ťa, • získavanie literárnych zdrojov a informácií, • analýza údajov a literárnych zdrojov, • vypracovanie diplomovej práce. Rozsah grafických prác: 4 strany Rozsah textovej časti: 60 strán Literatúra: HOLÚBEK et al., 2007. Krmovinárstvo- manažment pestovania a využívania krmovín. Nitra: Vydavate ľstvo SPU, 2007. ISBN 978-80-8069-911-6 KUNÁŠOVÁ, P., 2009. Vplyv výsevku na produk čnú schopnos ť stoklasu horského ´Tacit´. Diplomová práca. Nitra: SPU, 2009. MÍKA, V. - ŘEHO ŘEK, V., 2003. Sv ěrepy ve st řední Evrop ě. Praha: Výskumný ústav rostlinné výroby, 2003. 151 s. ISBN 80-86555-39-9 MÍKA, V. - KOHOUTEK, A., 2002. Sv ěrep horský TACIT- výkonná silážní tráva . In: Úroda- príloha Semená řství trav, č. 10, 2002. s. 4. ISSN 0139-6013 Vedúci diplomovej práce: Ing. Ľuboš Vozár, PhD. Dátum zadania diplomovej práce: marec 2009 Harmonogram postupu prác: • zadanie práce: marec 2009 • oboznamovanie sa s problematikou: marec 2009 - máj 2009 • získavanie údajov na experimentálnom stanovišti: máj 2009 - september 2010 • zhromaž ďovanie literárnych zdrojov: september 2010 - december 2010 • analýza získaných údajov a literatúry, písanie práce: január 2011- apríl 2011 • odovzdanie práce: apríl 2011 Dátum odovzdania diplomovej práce: 18.4.2011 Ing. Ľuboš Vozár, PhD. prof. Ing. Daniel Bíro, PhD. vedúci katedry dekan Abstrakt Cie ľom práce bolo experimenálne overenie vplyvu výšky výsevku stoklasu horského ( Bromus marginatus Nees ex Steud.) ´Tacit´ na jeho produkciu. Experiment bol pôvodne založený v roku 2007 v teplých a suchých klimatických podmienkach v lokalite Nitra, kedy boli v troch opakovaniach vysiate štyri rôzne varianty výsevkov stoklasu horského ´Tacit´. Variant 1 predstavoval výšku výsevku odporú čanú literatúrou (30 kg. ha -1), na variante 2 bol použitý výsevok o polovicu znížený (15 kg. ha -1), na variante 3 o polovicu zvýšený (45 kg. ha -1), na variante 4 výsevok zdvojnásobený (60 kg. ha -1). V práci uvádzame výsledky z rokov 2009 a 2010, kedy sa realizovali dve kosby (2009), resp. tri kosby (2010). Všeobecne najvyššiu pokryvnos ť mal stoklas horský na variante 2, čo sa prejavilo aj v najvyššej úrode sušiny stoklasu horského za obdobie dvoch rokov na tomto variante (11,21 t.ha -1). Najvyššiu kumulatívnu úrodu sušiny z celkovej fytomasy, spolo čne s burinovými druhmi, sme zaznamenali na variante 1 (výsevok 30 kg.ha -1) - 14,61 t.ha -1. Kumulatívna úroda sušiny stoklasu horského bola na tomto variante 10,42 t.ha -1. Štatistické porovnanie výsledkov produkcie všetkých variantov nepotvrdilo preukazné rozdiely úrod medzi variantmi. Sledovania však poukázali na literatúrou uvádzanú slabú konkuren čnú schopnos ť stoklasu horského. Kľúčové slová : stoklas horský ´Tacit´, výška výsevku, produkcia Abstract The aim of this study was experimental verification of different seeding rates effect on yield of mountain brome. Experiment was originally established in 2007 in hot and dry climatic conditions of the Nitra region. Here were seeded 4 variants of mountain brome cv. Tacit, each with different seeding rate. For each variant there were 3 replications. The applicatoin rate in variant one was 30 kg.ha -1 (recommended amount by literature), variant two 15 kg.ha -1, variant three 45 kg.ha -1, variant four 60 kg.ha -1. This thesis presents results for the years 2009 and 2010, during which were made 2 harvests in 2009 and 3 harvests in 2010. Generally, highest dominance of mountain brome was at variant 2, which results in high yields over a period of two years here (11,21 t.ha -1). Highest cumulative yield of total dry phytomass, together with weeds, were recorded at variant 1 (seeding rate 30 kg.ha -1) - 14,61 t.ha -1. Cumulative yield of dry phytomass of mountain brome was 10,42 t.ha -1 here. Statistical comparison of the production of all variants did not show significant differences between yields variants. However, observations indicated the low competitive ability of mountain brome, as is stated in the literature. Key words : mountain brome cv. ´Tacit´, seeding rate, yield Obsah Obsah ............................................................................................................................... 8 Zoznam ilustrácií .......................................................................................................... 10 Zoznam tabuliek ........................................................................................................... 11 Zoznam skratiek a zna čiek........................................................................................... 12 Úvod ............................................................................................................................... 14 1 Preh ľad o sú časnom stave problematiky.............................................................. 15 1.1 Rozdelenie po ľných krmovín .............................................................................. 17 1.2 Kŕmne trávy......................................................................................................... 18 1.2.1 Botanická a biologická charakteristika tráv................................................. 19 1.2.2 Rozdelenie tráv pod ľa ich biologických vlastností...................................... 21 1.2.3 Rozdelenie tráv pod ľa ekologických nárokov ............................................. 23 1.2.4 Rozdelenie tráv pod ľa hospodárskeho významu ......................................... 24 1.3 Vplyv globálnej klimatickej zmeny na trávne porasty........................................ 25 1.4 Rod Bromus L. sensu lato- Stoklas...................................................................... 27 1.4.1 Definícia rodu .............................................................................................. 27 1.4.2 Systematika rodu Stoklas............................................................................. 27 1.4.3 Morfológia rodu Stoklas .............................................................................. 28 1.4.4 Bromus marginatus Nees ex Steud. (stoklas horský) .................................. 29 1.4.4.1 Biologická charakteristika .................................................................. 29 1.4.4.2 Ekologické nároky.............................................................................. 30 1.4.4.3 Krmovinársky význam........................................................................ 31 1.4.4.4 Mimoproduk čný význam.................................................................... 34 1.4.4.5 Odrody ................................................................................................ 35 2 Cie ľ práce................................................................................................................. 42 3 Metodika práce........................................................................................................ 43 3.1 Charakteristika experimentálneho stanoviš ťa ..................................................... 43 3.2 Plán pokusu ......................................................................................................... 45 3.3 Sledované parametre ........................................................................................... 46 3.4 Chemická analýza pôdneho substrátu ................................................................. 48 4 Výsledky................................................................................................................... 49 4.1 Stav porastu pred za čiatkom našich sledovaní .................................................... 49 4.2 Analýza floristického zloženia porastov ............................................................. 50 4.3 Po četnos ť druhového spektra burín....................................................................
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