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Prescrição E Decadência: Proposta De Definição E Identificação Dos Institutos a Partir De Uma Perspectiva Histórica E De Direito Comparado

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Prescrição E Decadência: Proposta De Definição E Identificação Dos Institutos a Partir De Uma Perspectiva Histórica E De Direito Comparado MARCELO AZEVEDO CHAMONE PRESCRIÇÃO E DECADÊNCIA: PROPOSTA DE DEFINIÇÃO E IDENTIFICAÇÃO DOS INSTITUTOS A PARTIR DE UMA PERSPECTIVA HISTÓRICA E DE DIREITO COMPARADO DOUTORADO EM DIREITO PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DE SÃO PAULO SÃO PAULO - 2019 MARCELO AZEVEDO CHAMONE PRESCRIÇÃO E DECADÊNCIA: PROPOSTA DE DEFINIÇÃO E IDENTIFICAÇÃO DOS INSTITUTOS A PARTIR DE UMA PERSPECTIVA HISTÓRICA E DE DIREITO COMPARADO Tese apresentada à Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, como exigência parcial para obtenção do título de doutor em Direito do Trabalho, sob orientação da Dra. Fabíola Marques. SÃO PAULO 2019 Autorizo exclusivamente para fins acadêmicos e científicos, a reprodução total ou parcial desta tese de doutorado por processos de fotocopiadoras ou eletrônicos. Assinatura _______________________ Data ______________ e-mail __________________________ Chamone, Marcelo Azevedo 442 PRESCRIÇÃO E DECADÊNCIA: PROPOSTA DE DEFINIÇÃO E IDENTIFICAÇÃO DOS INSTITUTOS A PARTIR DE UMA PERSPECTIVA HISTÓRICA E DE DIREITO COMPARADO / Marcelo Azevedo Chamone. -- São Paulo: [s.n.], 2019. 242p. ; 30 cm. Orientadora: Fabíola Marques. Tese (Doutorado em Direito)—Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, Programa de Estudos Pós-Graduados em Direito, 2019. 1. Prescrição. 2. Decadência. 3. Ação. 4. Direito do trabalho. I. Marques, Fabíola. II. Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, Programa de Estudos Pós- Graduados em Direito. III. Título. BANCA EXAMINADORA ______________________________ ______________________________ ______________________________ ______________________________ ______________________________ Aos que se foram e ao que passou. Agradeço com muito carinho a todos que de uma forma ou de outra, com ponderações sobre os temas, trocas de ideias, indicações de bibliografia, ou mesmo apoio moral!, ajudaram a dar a este trabalho sua forma final, em especial minha orientadora, FABÍOLA MARQUES , os amigos PATRÍCIA FONTES COSTA , JOSÉ CARLOS CASTELLO BRANCO , FÁBIO MOTERANI , SILVIA TEIXEIRA , FREDERICO CERUTTI , e ELESSANDRA MARQUES , e as professoras NÚRIA LÓPEZ e CLÁUDIA ABUD . Le temps détruit tout. GASPAR NOE , Irréversible , 2002. (…) als daß die Zuhörer keine Voraussetzungen irgendeiner Art, keine festen Vorurteile mitbringen, sondern den Gegenstand, wie oft sie auch bereits über ihn gedacht oder gesprochen haben mögen, von neuem untersuchen, so, als wüßten sie noch gar nichts Feststehendes von ihm, und sich also mindestens für die Zeit der Untersuchung alles dessen entschlagen, was sie bisher über den Gegenstand anzunehmen gewohnt waren. * F. LASSALLE , Über verfassungswessen , 1862. * (...) que os ouvintes não tragam consigo suposições prévias de nenhuma espécie, nem idéias próprias, mas sim que venham dispostos a colocar-se ao nível de meu tema, mesmo que a respeito dele tenham falado ou discutido, e fazendo de conta que pela primeira vez o estão estudando, como se ainda não soubessem dele, despindo-se, pelo menos enquanto durar a minha investigação, de quanto a seu respeito tenham dado por assentado. PRESCRIÇÃO E DECADÊNCIA: PROPOSTA DE DEFINIÇÃO E IDENTIFICAÇÃO DOS INSTITUTOS A PARTIR DE UMA PERSPECTIVA HISTÓRICA E DE DIREITO COMPARADO MARCELO AZEVEDO CHAMONE RESUMO: Partindo de uma análise da evolução histórica dos conceitos de ação , prescrição e decadência , desde suas origens no direito romano, passando pelos principais sistemas europeus que compõem o panorama cultural herdado pela cultura jurídica brasileira, esta tese procura estabelecer um conceito contemporâneo de prescrição e decadência e confirmar, na análise de hipóteses previstas na legislação vigente, se os rótulos utilizados na legislação são coerentes com o seu conteúdo. Palavras-chave : Prescrição; Decadência; Ação; Direito do Trabalho PRESCRIPTION AND DECADENCE: PROPOSAL FOR THE DEFINITION AND IDENTIFICATION OF THE INSTITUTES FROM A HISTORICAL AND COMPARED LAW PERSPECTIVE MARCELO AZEVEDO CHAMONE Abstract: Based on an analysis of the historical evolution of the concepts of ‘ actio’ , prescription and decadence , from its origins in Roman law to the main European systems that make up the cultural panorama inherited by Brazilian legal culture, this thesis seeks to establish a contemporary concept of prescription and decadence and confirm, in the analysis of hypotheses provided for in the current legislation, whether the labels used in the legislation are consistent with its content. Key-words : Prescription; Decadence; ‘Actio’; Labor Law Abreviaturas e siglas utilizadas ABGB Allgemeines bürgerliches Gesetzbuch (código civil geral [austríaco]) Ac. Acórdão ADCT Ato das Disposições Constitucionais Transitórias AEC / EC antes da era comum / era comum AgRgAI Agravo Regimental no Agravo de Instrumento AI-AgR Agravo Regimental no Agravo de Instrumento AI-ED Embargos Declaratórios no Agravo de Instrumento art. artigo BGB Bürgerliches Gesetzbuch (código civil [alemão]) c. cerca de CC código civil cf. conforme / conferir CF Constituição Federal CLT consolidação das leis do trabalho coord. coordenação / coordenador(a) CP código penal CPC código de processo civil D. Digesto DJ Diário Oficial de Justiça EC Emenda Constitucional ex. exemplo FGTS Fundo de Garantia do Tempo de Serviço IAC Incidente de Assunção de Competência i.e. isto é IUJ Incidente de Uniformização de Jurisprudência j. julgado em LEF Lei de Execuções Fiscais min. ministro(a) n. número OIT Organização Internacional do Trabalho op. cit. obra citada p. página(s) p.ex. por exemplo RA Resolução Administrativa RE Recurso Extraordinário rel. relator(a) Res. Resolução REsp Recurso Especial RR Recurso de Revista SDI-1 1ª Subseção de Dissídios Individuais (do TST) ss. seguintes STF Supremo Tribunal Federal STJ Superior Tribunal de Justiça t. tomo tb. também TP Tribunal Pleno TRT Tribunal Regional do Trabalho TST Tribunal Superior do Trabalho v. volume SUMÁRIO Introdução................................................................................ 001 1. Actio e praescriptio entre os romanos..................................... 009 1.1. O processo nos períodos pré-clássico e clássico.............. 009 1.1.1. As legis actiones .................................................. 014 1.1.2. O processo formulário.......................................... 017 1.2. A cognitio extra ordinem e desenvolvimento nos períodos justinianeo e medieval...................................................... 031 2. Anspruch , Klage , Verjährung , e Befristung no direito alemão..... 040 2.1. Formação e desenvolvimento do direito alemão.............. 040 2.2. O processo e a construção dos conceitos relacionados à prescrição....................................................................... 047 2.3. O código civil alemão e o panorama atual....................... 060 3. Uma história dos conceitos nos países de língua neolatina........ 063 3.1. Ação, decadência e prescrição no direito ibérico............. 063 3.1.1. Do período pré-romano à invasão muçulmana........ 063 3.1.2. Período reinícola e brasileiro pré-codificado.......... 070 3.1.3. Codificações portuguesas, espanholas e (principais) latino-americanas............................... 090 3.2. Action , prescription , e décheance no direito francês........ 103 3.3. Desenvolvimento no direito italiano............................... 119 4. Action e limitation no sistema inglês....................................... 128 4.1. Formação do estado e primeiras leis.............................. 128 4.2. O desenvolvimento do common law ............................... 136 4.3. As ações e as limitações................................................ 140 5. O estado da arte do direito brasileiro, especialmente no direito do trabalho........................................................................... 148 5.1. Desenvolvimento legislativo.......................................... 148 5.2. Premissas teóricas........................................................ 157 5.3. Hipóteses em que a “prescrição” não é prescrição........... 176 5.3.1. O prazo para cobrança de honorários de sucumbência em face da parte beneficiária da assistência judiciária............................................ 178 5.3.2. Prescrição da execução e prescrição intercorrente. 180 5.3.3. O prazo para ajuizamento da ação trabalhista........ 191 5.3.4. A prescrição total................................................ 197 Conclusões................................................................................ 202 Bibliografia............................................................................... 206 1 INTRODUÇÃO O direito nasce intimamente ligado à superação das idéias de vingança e retribuição, derivadas da preservação da honra dos indivíduos e grupos, e voltadas contra o agente causador da lesão, mesmo que fosse um animal ou objeto inanimado. Ao redor do mundo primitivo encontramos disposições como aquela contida no Êxodo ("Se um boi chifrar um homem ou uma mulher, causando-lhe a morte, o boi terá que ser apedrejado até a morte, e a sua carne não pode-rá ser comida. Mas o dono do boi será absolvido” 21, 28), ou no Sólon de PLUTARCO (um cachorro que mordeu um homem deveria ser amarrado a um tronco de quatro cúbitos de comprimento), nas Leis de PLATÃO (se um escravo matasse um homem, deveria ser entregue aos parentes do falecido (θ’, ix), se ele ferisse um homem, deveria ser entregue ao ferido para fazer o que quiser (θ’, xv), da mesma forma se ele causasse um dano para o qual o lesionado não tenha contribuído como concausa, em qualquer caso, se o dono deixasse de entregar o escravo, ele era obrigado
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