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A Római Nemzetségek Emlékezete

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A Római Nemzetségek Emlékezete Eötvös Loránd Tudományegyetem Bölcsészettudományi Kar Doktori disszertáció Jármi Viktória A római nemzetségek emlékezete Történelemtudományi Doktori Iskola Vezetője: Prof. Dr. Sonkoly Gábor DSc Ókortudományi doktori program Vezetője: Prof. Dr. Németh György DSc A bizottság elnöke: Prof. Dr. Németh György DSc Opponensek: Dr. Ferenczi Attila PhD Dr. Takács Levente PhD A bizottság titkára: Dr. Bajnok Dániel PhD A bizottság tagjai: Prof. Dr. Grüll Tibor DSc Dr. Patay-Horváth András PhD Dr. Vér Ádám PhD Témavezető: Dr. Hegyi W. György PhD Budapest, 2019 Tartalom Bevezető ...........................................................................................................................................5 Az emlékezetkutatás helyzete és fogalmai ....................................................................................5 A kollektív emlékezet: Maurice Halbwachs munkássága .............................................................7 Az emlékezet helyei: Pierre Nora lieu de memoire fogalma és a római monumentumok .............9 A kollektív emlékezés formái és a mnemotörténelem mint történeti diszciplína .......................13 Nobilitas és gens mint a római köztársaság kollektív emlékezetének hordozói .........................17 A nemzetségi emlékezet kutatásának forrásai.............................................................................25 A disszertáció felépítése..............................................................................................................27 A gens pénzérméken közvetített kollektív emlékezete ...............................................................32 A Hercules didrachma .................................................................................................................33 A Caecilius Metellusok érméken közvetített kollektív emlékezete ............................................40 A gens történeti alapítója: L. Caecilius Metellus elefántos diadalmenete és vaksága ............ 41 A gens megalapozó története: Caeculus, a praenestei vak gyermek ....................................... 45 Egy Caecilius Metellus kizárása a senatusból ......................................................................... 47 Q. Caecilius Metellus Macedonicus sikerei ............................................................................ 49 A kollektív emlékezet szimbólumai a Caecilius Metellusok pénzein a Kr. e. II. század második felében ..................................................................................................................................... 50 Q. Caecilius Metellus Numidicus kizárása a senatusból ......................................................... 55 A kollektív emlékezet szimbólumai a Caecilius Metellusok pénzein a Kr. e. I. században ... 58 A gens Cassia pénzeken megjelenített kollektív emlékezete......................................................65 A gens Cassia távoli őse: Spurius Cassius és az adfectatio regni exempluma ........................ 66 A lerombolt házak mint a a kollektív emlékezet monumentumai ........................................... 71 A kollektív emlékezet szimbólumai a Cassiusok pénzein a Kr. e. II-I. században ................. 79 A gens Claudia és a gens Fabia érméken közvetített kollektív emlékezete ...............................86 A Claudius Marcellusok kollektív emlékezete ....................................................................... 87 A gens Fabia kisebb ágainak pénzei ....................................................................................... 91 Konklúzió ....................................................................................................................................93 A gens Claudia emlékezete ...........................................................................................................95 Gens superbissima ......................................................................................................................95 Appius Claudius, a ’Százkezű’ ...................................................................................................99 Appius Claudius Caecus építkezései ..................................................................................... 100 A rossz hadvezér, de jó szónok Appius Claudius ................................................................. 102 Appius Claudius Caecus kulturális tevékenysége ................................................................. 107 Appius Claudius rossz emlékezetű censorsága .........................................................................109 A zsarnoki Claudiusok .......................................................................................................... 110 2 A zsarnok ellentéte: a tiszteletreméltó patrícius Claudius .................................................... 116 Appius Claudius Caecus reformpolitikájának emlékezete .................................................... 119 C. Claudius Pulcher politikájának emlékezete ...................................................................... 121 A patrícius érdekek bajnokai, a patrícius érdekek ellenfelei ................................................. 125 Appius Claudius, a ’Vak’ ..........................................................................................................128 A Claudiusok impietasa ........................................................................................................ 128 A Claudiák kettősége: pietas és impietas dualitása a gens Claudia női alakjaiban ............... 131 Appius Claudius vakságának dualitása ................................................................................. 133 A gens Claudia megalapozó története: a szabin Attus Clausus ................................................136 Egy eredettörténet rétegei ..................................................................................................... 136 A Claudiusok szabin identitása ............................................................................................. 142 Konklúzió ..................................................................................................................................146 A gens Fabia emlékezete .............................................................................................................148 Unus homo: Quintus Fabius Maximus Verrucosus Cunctator ..................................................148 A halogatás kettőssége .......................................................................................................... 148 Fabius Maximus Verrucosus és a három Fabius testvér páratlansága .................................. 150 Unus de Fabia gente relictus erat: a cremerai katasztrófa .......................................................156 Egy túlélő, háromszáz áldozat .............................................................................................. 157 A meggondatlanul rohanó vakmerő Fabiusok ...................................................................... 160 A gens kontinuitása ...................................................................................................................162 Az elhamarkodott ifjú Fabius Rullianus ............................................................................... 162 Az idős és megfontolt Fabius Maximus Verrucosus ............................................................. 165 Az idős és megfontolt Fabius Rullianus ............................................................................... 168 Fabius Maximus Verrucosus halogató öregkora és késleltetett karrierje .............................. 171 A gens kontinuitása: idős Fabius atyák és fiaik .................................................................... 175 A cunctatio rétegei: a gens fenmaradása vagy ’kihalása’ ..................................................... 178 A gall ostrom és a Fabiusok pietasa ..........................................................................................182 A három meggondolatlan Fabius testvér impietasa .............................................................. 182 Pietas Fabiorum .................................................................................................................... 184 Concordia Fabiorum ................................................................................................................189 A gens Fabia megalapozó története ..........................................................................................194 Az alapítás előtti mitikus idő és Hercules mint mitikus ős ................................................... 194 Az alapítás: Remus halála és a gyors Fabiusok .................................................................... 195 A gyors lovasság emlékezete ................................................................................................ 197 Fabius Rullianus és Verrucosus emlékezete ......................................................................... 200 Cremera mint ’emlékezeti híd’ ............................................................................................. 203 Konklúzió ..................................................................................................................................205 A gens emlékezethelyei: a Fabiusok és Claudiusok küzdelme az emlékezet tereiért ............208 A szamnisz háborúk időszaka ...................................................................................................208 3 A Via Appia és körzete ........................................................................................................
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