LIVY BOOKS III and IV Translated by B. O. FOSTER \ \ v$4.00' \ \ X list Loeb titles can be \ Complete of \ \ at \ found the end each volume \ of \ LIVY (Titus Livius) the great Roman historian was born at or near Patavium in (Padua) 59 B.C. and from early manhood onwards lived mostly at Rome until shortly before his death in A.D. 17, and although never in sympathy with the establishment of the imperial age by Augustus became a friend of that emperor. His only extant work is part of his history of Rome (which he called Annales) from the foundation of the city to 9 B.C. in 142 books. Of them we have in number 35 only, and short summaries of all the rest except two. The whole work was, long after his death, divided into Decades or series of 10. Books i-io we have entire books i i-2o are lost books 2 ; ; 1-45 are entire, except parts of 41 and 43. Of the rest only fragments and the summaries In a remain. splendid style Livy, man of wide sympathies and proud of Rome's past, presented an uncritical but clear and living narrative of the rise of Rome to greatness. 85 KQX TO THE LOEB CLASSICAL LIBRARY FOUNDED BY JAMES LOEB, LL.D. EDITED BY tT. E. PAGE, C.H., LITT.D. fE. CAPPS, PH.D., LL.D. fW. H. D. ROUSE, LITT.D. L. A. POST, L.H.D. E. H. WARMINGTON, M.A., F.R.HIST.SOC. LIVY II BOOKS III AND IV 133 LIVY WITH AN ENGLISH TRANSLATION IN FOURTEEN VOLUMES II BOOKS III AND IV TRANSLATED BY B. O. FOSTER, PH.D. OF STANFORD UNIVERSITY CAMBRIDGE, MASSACHUSETTS HARVARD UNIVERSITY PRESS LONDON WILLIAM HEINEMANN LTD MOMLXVII First printed 1922 Reprinted 1939, 1953, 1960, 196? Printed in Great Britain CONTENTS PAGE TRANSLATOR'S PREFACE v BOOK in 1 SUMMARY OF BOOK III 250 BOOK iv 257 SUMMARY OF BOOK IV 458 INDEX 461 MAP OF CENTRAL ITALY . At end V TRANSLATOR'S PREFACE THE Latin text of Vols. II. to IV. (comprising Books III.-X.) has been set up, like that of Vol. I., from the latest revisions of the Weissenborn-Mueller edition with German notes, except that the Periochae have been reprinted from the text of Rossbach (1910). But the spelling is that adopted by Pro- fessors Conway and Walters in their critical edition of Books I.-V. and Books VI.-X. (Oxford, 1914 and 1919), which is the source also of most of the rather numerous readings which differ from those of the Weissenborn-Mueller text, and has furnished besides the materials from which the textual notes have been drawn up. I have aimed to record every instance where the reading printed does not rest on the authority of one or more of the good MSS., and to indicate the provenience of the emendation. In addition to the symbols used by the Oxford editors, I have employed O to designate such of the good MSS. as are not cited specifically for some other reading, and s to designate one or more of the late MSS. or early printed texts. Besides the translations mentioned in the preface to Vol. I. (those of Philemon Holland, George vii PREFACE Baker, and Canon Roberts) I have had by me the anonymous version printed in London in 1686, in folio, "for Awnsham Churchill at the Black Swan in Ave-Mary Lane, near Paternoster Row." I am also indebted to the following editions of parts of Livy : Book III. by P. Thoresby Jones, Oxford, 1914; IV. by H. M. Stephenson, Cam- bridge, 1890; V. by Leonard Whibley, Cambridge, 1910; V.-VII. by Cluer and Matheson, Oxford, 1904; VI. by F. H. Marshall, Cambridge, 1908; IX. by W. B. Anderson, Cambridge, 1909, and by T. Nicklin, Oxford, 1910. The commentaries of Weissenborn-Mueller and Luterbacher have, of course, been constantly consulted. B. O. F. In the second impression of this volume a number of misprints and one or two errors of translation have been corrected. I wish to thank Prof. G. R. Noyes of the University of California, and Mr. O. J. S. Satchel of the Boys' High School, Kimberley, South Africa, for the notes of errata with which they very kindly furnished me. August, 1939. vm THE MANUSCRIPTS /'" = Veronensis, 4th century. F = Floriacensis, 9th century. P= Parisiensis, 10th century. E = Einsiedlensis, 10th century. H = Harleianus prior, 10th century. T = Thuaneus, 10th century. B = Bambergensis, 10th or llth century. 3/= Mediceus, 10th or llth century. Form. = Vormatiensis (as reported by Rhenanus). R = Romanus, llth century. U = Upsaliensis, llth century. D = Dominicanus, llth or 12th century. L = Leidensis, 12th century. ti A = Aginnensis, 13th century. a = later part of A, 14th century. Haverk. = Frag. Fragmentum Haverkampianum (cf. and vol. Praef. ix. 1 Conway Walters, i., ). 1 3/2 denote corrections made M , , etc., by the original scribe or a later corrector. When it is impossible to identify the x corrector M is employed. O = such of the above MSS. as contain the passage in question and are not otherwise reported. S = one or more of the late MSS. or early printed texts. ix ABBREVIATIONS Aid. (or ed. Aid) = the Aldine edition, Venice, 1518. Cassiod. = Cassiodorius. Class. Quart. = The Classical Quarterly, London, 1907 ff. 2 C. I. L. Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum, vol. i. Berlin, 1893-5. Diod. = Diodorus Siculus. Dion. Hal. = Dionysius of Halicarnassus. LIVY FROM THE FOUNDING OF THE CITY BOOK III T. LIVI AB URBE CONDITA LIBER III I. ANTIO capto T. Aemilius et Q. Fabius consules 1 fiunt. Hie erat Fabius qui unus exstinctae ad Cremeram genti superfuerat. lam priore consulatu 2 Aemilius dandi fuerat auctor agri plebi ; itaque secundo quoque consulatu eius et agrarii se in spem legis erexerant, et tribuni, rem contra consules saepe temptatam adiutore utique consule obtineri posse rati, suscipiunt; et consul manebat in sententia sua. 3 Possessores et magna pars patrum, tribuniciis se iactare actionibus principem civitatis et largiendo de alieno popularem fieri querentes, totius invidiam 4 rei a tribunis in consulem averterant. Atrox certa- rnen aderat, ni Fabius consilio neutri parti acerbo 1 Fabius 5- : Fabius Quinctius n. 2 LIVY FROM THE FOUNDING OF THE CITY BOOK III I. AFTER the capture of Antium, Titus Aemilius and B.C. Quintus Fabius were elected consuls. This was that 467 Fabius who had been the sole survivor of his family 1 destroyed at the Cremera. In his former consulship Aemilius had already supported the assignment of land to the plebs. Consequently, when he entered a second time upon the office, not only had the agrarians begun to have hopes of a law, but the tribunes, who had often tried to carry the measure against the opposition of the consuls, now took it up in the belief that with the co-operation of a consul it could be made and the certainly good ; consul continued of the same mind. The possessors ol the land, comprising a large proportion of the patricians, complained that the head of the state was openly supporting tribunician policies and making himself popular by a generosity exhibited at other men's ex- thus pense ; they diverted the resentment awakened by the whole affair from the tribunes to the consul. A bitter struggle was impending, when Fabius, by a proposal which neither side found injurious, set the 1 See n. 1. 11. LIVY l <LTJ.O. rem expedisset : T. Quincti ductu et auspicio agri 6 2 anno a Volscis esse An- captum priore aliquantum ; tium, opportunam 3 et maritimam urbem, coloniam ita sine deduci posse ; querellis possessorum plebem in agros ituram, civitatem in concordia fore. Haec 6 sententia accepta est. Triumviros agro dando creat 7 T. Quinctium A. Vergiiiium P. Furium. lussi nomina dare qui agruni accipere vellent. Fecit statim, ut fit, fastidium copia, adeoque pauci nomina dedere ut ad numerum coloni Volsci adderentur explendum ; cetera multitude poscere Romae agrum malle quam 8 alibi accipere. Aequi a Q. Fabio is eo cum exer- citu venerat pacem petiere, inritamque earn ipsi subita incursione in agrum Latinum fecere. 4 A-tr .r. II Q. Servilius insequenti anno is enim cum Sp. .88-289 Postumio consul fuit in Aequos missus in Latino 5 agro stativa habuit. Quies necessaria morbo im- 2 plicitum exercitum tenuit. Extractum in tertium annum bellum est Q. Fabio et T. Quinctio consuli- bus. Fabio extra ordinem, quia is victor pacem 3 Aequis dederat, ea provincia data. Qui baud dubia spe profectus famam nominis sui pacaturam Aequos, legates in concilium gentis missos nuntiare iussit Q. Fabium consulem dicere se ex Aequis pacem 1 T. Quincti E-: L. Quincti (or Quinti) n. 2 captum Cobet : capti n. 3 opportunam Madvig : propinquam opportunam fl. * Q. Servilius $- : Quintius (or Quinctius) Seruilius n. 6 stativa habuit POII? : statiua habuit castra MURDL?: Btatiua abiit ; castra F. BOOK III. i. 4-n. 3 matter right. Under the leadership and auspices of B.C. 467 Titus Quinctius, as he pointed out, a considerable territory had been conquered the year before from the Volsci a well-situated maritime could ; Antium, city, be the seat of a in this the made colony ; way piebs would obtain farms without causing the land- holders to complain, and the state would be at harmony. This suggestion was adopted. As com- missioners for distributing the land Fabius appointed Titus Quinctius, Aulus Verginius, and Publius Furius, and it was ordered that those who wished to receive grants should give in their names. There at once appeared the fastidiousness which usually attends abundance, and so few persons enrolled that Volscian colonists were added to fill out the number; the rest of the populace preferred demanding land at Rome to receiving it elsewhere.