A U G U S T / S E P T E M B E R 2 0 1 0

Association for PPerspectiveerspective Humanistic Psychology ahpweb.org HUMANISTIC/TRANSPERSONAL/INTEGRAL

HUMANISTIC OR TRANSPERSONAL? MISSING LINK IN WILBER’S INTEGRAL THEORY TRANSITIONS

Transpersonal Psychology Newsletter — pp. 17–21

Poems: True Rocks; Annan Water

Reviews:

Essay Review on “A guide to integral psychology”

“Secrets of Great Marriages” by the Blooms

New Foreword by Stanley Krippner to “Awakening of Intelligence”

AUGUST/SEPTEMBER 2010 ahp PERSPECTIVE 1 ASSOCIATION for HUMANISTIC AHP Board Meeting in Chicago, PSYCHOLOGY August 2009: FRONT: Co-Presidents

. . . since 1962, kindred spirits on the edge, Chip Baggett and Cuf Ferguson, where human potential and evolving BACK: Membership Director Ron consciousness meet Maier, Secretary Bob McGarey, AHP principles include integrity in personal and profes- sional interactions, authenticity, and trust in human Treasurer MA Bjarkman, Board relationships, compassion and deep listening skills, and Members-At-Large Stan Char- respect for the uniqueness, value, independence, interdependence, and essential oneness of all beings. nofsky and Ken Ehrlich, CEC Coordinator Deb Oberg

PAST PRESIDENTS JAMES F. T. BUGENTAL AHP OFFICE & PERSONNEL SIDNEY M. JOURARD [email protected], P.O. Box 1190, Tiburon, CA 94920 E. J. SHOBEN, JR. Member Services: Ron Maier, 309/828-2965, fax 309/828-2965 PHOTO: KEN EHRLICH CHARLOTTE BÜHLER Web Producer: John Harnish, [email protected] CEC Coordinator: Deb Oberg, [email protected] S. STANSFELD SARGENT AHP Perspective Editor: Kathleen Erickson, [email protected] AHP MEMBERSHIP JACK R. GIBB Journal of Humanistic Psychology Editor: Kirk Schneider connect with conscious community, GERARD V. HAIGH [email protected] enhance quality of life, FLOYD W. MATSON and advance awareness & skill DENIS O’DONOVAN AHP BOARD OF DIRECTORS in humanistic principles & practices FRED MASSARIK Co-President: Carroy U. “Cuf ” Ferguson, (617) 287–7232; JHP Liaison LAWRENCE N. SOLOMON Co-President: Leland “Chip” Baggett, ATP Liaison JOIN AT AHPWEB.ORG Treasurer: M. A. Bjarkman, [email protected] AHP MEMBER BENEFITS OR CALL 415/435-1604 NORMA LYMAN Secretary: Bob McGarey, [email protected] STANLEY KRIPPNER Stan Charnofsky, [email protected], Consulting Editor AHP PERSPECTIVE Free bimonthly newsletter. VIN ROSENTHAL Dina Comnenou, [email protected] JOURNAL OF HUMANISTIC PSYCHOLOGY Quarterly journal, free to Professional Members, 75% off subscription price for regular members ELEANOR CRISWELL Ken Ehrlich, [email protected], (973) 779–7793 AHPWEB AHP’s online publication at ahpweb.org, with Articles, CHARLES HAMPDEN-TURNER Bibliographies, Bookstore, Calendar of Workshops, Web Resources . . . JEAN HOUSTON AHP BOARD AFFILIATES DIRECTORY OF HUMANISTIC PROFESSIONALS Free online GEORGE LEONARD Mary Bell, [email protected]. Directory listing for Professional members with description of your work Olga Bondarenko, International Team, [email protected] CONFERENCE DISCOUNTS Member Discounts on some conferences/events BILL BRIDGES Bonnie Davenport, Membership Consultant (See Calendar of Events on pages 4–5 and on ahpweb.org.) JACQUELINE L. DOYLE Don Eulert, Perspective Consulting Editor, [email protected] CONTINUING EDUCATION CREDITS CECs on many AHP events. VIRGINIA SATIR Sandy Friedman, Consultant, [email protected] AHP SPONSORSHIP OF YOUR EVENT Listings in Perspective and on RICK INGRASCI & John Harnish, International Team, [email protected] ahpweb, CECs, mailing lists etc. for approved events. [email protected] PROFESSIONAL LIABILITY INSURANCE American Professional PEGGY TAYLOR Deb Oberg, AHP Events Chair, [email protected] Bruce Wochholz, Web Content Consultant Agency 800/421-6694 DENNIS JAFFE HEALTH AND LIFE AND DISABILITY INSURANCE LAWRENCE LESHAN Marsh US Consumer Group 800/323-2106; www.personal-plans.com/ahp AHP COMMUNITIES AND ENERGY CENTERS LONNIE BARBACH & NASRO: 800/638-8113; [email protected] Islamic AHP, Iran, contact S. Muhammad M. J. Tehrani, BOOK DISCOUNTS 20% discount on books from Sage Publications JOHN VASCONCELLOS Mashaad, Iran, [email protected], 98–251–293–3280 AHP MAILING LIST RENTAL Member discount on AHP Mailing Lists WILL MCWHINNEY Northern Mexico Community, contact Manuel Cervantes Mijares ADVERTISING DISCOUNTS Member ad rates for Perspective & ahpweb FRANCES VAUGHAN [email protected], Vera Cruz 208, Gomez Palacio, ads. Rates on p. 23 and at ahpweb.org/pub/perspective/adinfo.html Durango 35090, México RUBEN NELSON AHP AUTHORS Your books listed in the AHP Humanistic Bookstore, on the Ontosophy Community, Bari, Italy, contact Francesco Palmirotta, AHP Authors Page, with book covers rotating on the AHP home page. ELIZABETH CAMPBELL [email protected]; (39) 080/763006 - 3294521246 - 3886532077 MAUREEN O’HARA http://www.solinio.com/ MEMBERSHIP DUES SANDRA FRIEDMAN Oregon Community, Strengthening wisdom, cooperation, posi- ANN WEISER CORNELL tive action, contact [email protected] Individual Regular Membership &PDF Perspective (+print) $ 69 (+$15) Monthly meetings: personal sharing & potluck (503) 244–3420 Professional Membership includes Journal of Humanistic ARTHUR WARMOTH Professional Issues of the Paradigm Shift, contact Chip Baggett Psychology (JHP) & PDF Perspective magazine (+print) $ 110 (+$15) J. BRUCE FRANCIS at (828) 252–1086 Joint ATP–AHP Professional Membership (+print Persp.) $ 159 (+$15) M. A. BJARKMAN Somatics & Wellness, Educational & networking community JOCELYN OLIVIER focusing on integration of body & mind therapies Student/Senior/Limited Income/Online International $ 49 Organizational Membership $ 149 KATY ELIZABETH BRANT Student Communities, Campus groups dedicated to the ideals of humanistic living/psychology and active in their application, JHP subscription added to membership (or JHP alone) $ 25 ($112) STAN CHARNOFSKY contact [email protected] Lifetime AHP Membership $1,000 STEVE OLWEEAN Technology & the Human Spirit, Exploring issues of the human LELAND “CHIP” BAGGETT spirit & developing technology, [email protected] STEVE OLWEEAN J. BRUCE FRANCIS

2 ahp PERSPECTIVE AUGUST/SEPTEMBER 2010 Perspective magazine COVER ART: Site of some programs of the August / September 2010 European Transpersonal Center in Vilnius, Lithuania C O N T E N T S http://www.transpersonalcenter.eu

NEWS & COLUMNS

4 • CALENDAR OF EVENTS AHP PERSPECTIVE 5 • AHP NEWS Editor-in-Chief: Kathleen E. Erickson [email protected]; 415/435-1604 6 • PRESIDENT’S MESSAGE A Heart-Felt Th ank You As We Fax: 415/435-1654; P. O. Box 1190, Tiburon CA 94920 Continue Our Each One, Reach One Outreach to Consulting Editors: Don Eulert, David Lukoff, Stan Charnofsky ATP Newsletter Editor: David Lukoff Kindred Spirits on the Edge . . . Carroy U. “Cuf” Ferguson DEADLINES/GUIDELINES: Feb. 1 for Feb./Mar. issue, Apr. 1 for Apr./May issue, June 1 for June/July issue, Aug. 1 for Aug./Sept. issue, Oct. 1 for Oct./Nov. issue, Dec. 1 for Dec./Jan. issue. Articles: up to 2,500 words; ARTICLES Reviews: up to 1,000 words. Include brief bio and photo: TIF/JPEG/ print. Edited for brevity and clarity. 7 • Humanistic or Transpersonal? Homo Spiritualis and the ADVERTISING: For advertising rates, see page 27. REPRINTS: Use and cite with attribution of Author, publisher . . . Samuel Bendeck Sotillos (Association for Humanistic Psychology), and issue date.

12 • Th e Missing Link in Ken Wilber’s Integral Psychology: The PERSPECTIVE is published bimonthly for members of the Adrian van Kaam . . . Elliot Benjamin ASSOCIATIONS FOR HUMANISTIC PSYCHOLOGY and TRANSPERSONAL PSYCHOLOGY. 14 • Poem: True Rocks . . . Paul Rest The PERSPECTIVE is free to members of the Associations for Humanistic 15 • Transitions: A Bridge Th at True Love Never More May Sever Psychology and Transpersonal Psychology. Individual copies to the public for $7. . . . Michael Berman 15 • Poem: Annan Water . . . Scottish Ballad ASSOCIATION FOR HUMANISTIC PSYCHOLOGY P. O. Box 1190, Tiburon, CA 94920, (415) 435–1604, ahpweb.org Membership: (309) 828-2965; [email protected] ATP NEWSLETTER

17 • Highlights of Graduate Clinical Programs Incorporating a Spiritual Orientation . . . David Lukoff JOINT MEMBERSHIP AHP–ATP 17 • CONFERENCE ANNOUNCEMENT: ITA 2013 in South Africa: Diversity, Human Rights, Going to the Primordial Source! $159 includes all benefi ts of 17 • ATP Fall Salons, Intimate Discussions . . . Stuart Sovatsky Professional Membership in both 18 • BOOK REVIEW: Psychosis in the Family by Janet Love AHP Professional Member benefi ts: 18 . . . Heward Wilkinson •Six stimulating, information-packed issues of our magazine, AHP Perspective • CONFERENCE ANNOUNCEMENT: 12th Int’l EUROTAS in Gwatt, •Substantial discounts on AHP events, regional & Annual conferences 19 Switzerland: Knowledge, Pleasure, & Belief •4 annual issues of the Journal of Humanistic Psychology •Continuing Education Credits for Conferences and Events 20 • New European Transpersonal Center in Lithuania •Listing in online Directory of Humanistic Professionals . . . David Lukoff •Discounts on AHP Perspective and ahpweb.org ad rates, mailing list rentals 21 • CONFERENCE REVIEW: 17th ITA in Moscow: Consciousness •Eligibility for professional liability, group health, disability, and life insurance Revolution . . . David Lukoff •Opportunity to link your website directly with ahpweb, as a Memberlink • CONFERENCE REVIEW: ATP in Atherton, California: Spirituality in •Access to ahpweb’s “Members Only” section for news and opportunities Action . . . David Lukoff ATP Professional Membership Benefi ts: REVIEWS •Subscription to the semiannual Journal of Transpersonal Psychology •Access to all 35 years of Journal (JTP) articles and hundreds of audio and 22 • A Guide to Integral Psychotherapy: Complexity, Integration, & video recordings of past conference presenters Spirituality in Practice by Mark D. Forman . . . Daryl Paulson •A searchable Networking List of members •ATP’s Listing of Professional Members 26 • Secrets of Great Marriages: Real Truth from Real Couples about •Listing in the ATP Professional Members Guide, access to the listserv Lasting Love by Linda & Charlie Bloom . . . Karen Castle •Reduced rates for Newsletter classifi ed advertising 27 • Awakening of Intelligence by Diego Pignatelli . . . Stanley Krippner •ID and Password to Members Only section of atpweb.org, with full-text archives of the Journal of Transpersonal Psychology and audio 27 • AD RATES archives of the past ATP conferences from 1990 to the present

AUGUST/SEPTEMBER 2010 ahp PERSPECTIVE 3 CALENDAR OF EVENTS

AHP-Sponsored Events

VOICE DIALOGUE: IPSALU TANTRA KRIYA MIRIAM DYAK and YOGA RETREAT with DR. CASSANDRA COSME DE PREE PAT SHEEHAN, RN, DNS SPONSORED BY AHP • 19 CECs • $250, LEARNING THE LANGUAGE OF $225 AHP, $450/couple, $175 repeater ENERGY: A VOICE DIALOGUE October 1–3, 2010 • Indianapolis, FACILITATOR’S TRAINING Indiana • Body & Spirit Studio Contact: The Conference Works! (800) SPONSORED BY AHP • 36 CECs for three-weekend 395–8445 series • 10 a.m. to 5:30 p.m. each day—lunch is Register: http://www.ConferenceWorks. provided each day; Cost: $1025 (includes a private com 1.5 hour private session with Miriam or Cassan- MIRIAM DYAK dra); AHP member discount of 15% September 11–12, October 9–10, November 13–14, 2010 • Redmond, Washington DEEPENING CONNECTIONS— GENEEN ROTH SPONSORED BY AHP • CECs CREATING A CORE SHIFT IN THE WAY October 8–9, 2010 • Seattle, WE LIVE OUR RELATIONSHIPS Washington SPONSORED BY AHP • 10.5 CECs • 10–5 Contact: The Conference Works! Saturday, $10–4:30 Sunday, • 195 ($165 with AHP (800) 395–8445 discount) Register: http://www.Conference- Works.com October 23–24, 2010 • Redmond, Washington The Voice Dialogue Institute, Sammamish, CASSANDRA COSME DE PREE Washington; miriam@thevoicedialogueinstitute. org; http://www.thevoicedialogueinstitute.org/

GESTALT AS A WAY OF LIFE ONE-DAY WORKSHOP POWER YOUR CREATIVITY USING VOICE GESTALT AS A THERAPEUTIC APPROACH DIALOGUE TWO-DAY WORKSHOP CYNDY SHELDON, MSW DASSIE HOFFMAN, CYNDY SHELDON, MSW, who trained with Fritz Perls and James Simkin, Ph.D., LCAT, ADTR, co-founded the original Gestalt Institute of San Francisco in 1967 and taught there for 25 years as well as in Europe & BRIDGIT DENGAL for many years. Inspired to follow her bliss in search of a GASPARD, LMSW more spiritual orientation, she worked among the Navajos Th is workshop is designed to open you for 15 years. Now, in her 75th year, she is eager to share the to the magic within yourself, and have integration of all of these experiences with those who are fun too. Th rough Voice Dialogue and curious and interested. Currently she lives in Bellingham, other methods, meet the parts of you that are holding you back. Meet your inner BRIDGET DENGAL GASPARD & DASSIE HOFFMAN Washington. wizard that never stops playing. Meet WORKSHOP: Emerging from the background of a society your shadow as well as others who are addicted to growth and success is an interest again in the hidden gold. Discover how to use the wonderful intelligence and wisdom of your dreams teachings of Gestalt founders Fritz and Lore Perls and in to guide your creativity. the many refinements made by Gestalt trainers world wide SPONSORED BY AHP • 12 CECs • 4 Monday evenings • 6-9 p.m. since their passing. Those familiar with Gestalt have missed having a community October 11, 18, 25, November 1, 2010 • New York Voice Dialogue where they can share their deepest selves and those new to Gestalt are just discovering Institute, New York City, 161 West 54th Street, Suite 804 that this kind of contact is possible. This class will focus on Gestalt’s timeless under- Contact: http://www.newyorkvoicedialogueinstitute.org; standings and existential practices as well as the therapeutics of it all. Amazingly, Dassie: (212) 956-0432; Bridgit (718) 522-4009 some indigenous teachings as well as those of Buddhism and Eckhart Tolle’s work have a lot in common, themes we will explore. SPONSORED BY AHP • 7 CECs for one day and 14 CECs for two days • AHP discount • 9:30 a.m. – 5:30 p.m. September 11–12, 2010 • Seattle, Washington Contact: Cyndy Sheldon, 360 656 6207J, www.cyndysheldon.com [email protected]

4 ahp PERSPECTIVE AUGUST/SEPTEMBER 2010 CALENDAR OF EVENTS AHP NEWS AHP-Sponsored Events ANNUAL AHP MEMBERSHIP MEETING TRANSFORM YOUR MYTHIC PATH: PERSONAL MYTHOLOGY AND DREAMWORK WITH Th is year’s annual membership meeting for the Association for STANLEY KRIPPNER, PH.D. Humanistic Psychology will be a telephone conference call on How do you find and change a life story? Be delighted at the mythic path that awaits you. Join Saturday, September 25th at 5 p.m. EDT. Call 712-775-7000, legendary psychologist, author, and teacher Dr. Stanley Krippner for a once in a lifetime opportunity to work with personal mythology and and enter 674632# as the code (include the # sign). dreams. Create a new destiny for yourself through the recesses of your psyche, finding and transforming the hidden patterns that GADGETS AND GIZMOS ON AHPWEB are dysfunctional to your story. You will work therapeutically with dreams, explore the elements of myth and how they apply AHPWEB.ORG has a new section Tools for Self-Exploration. to your life, come alive through expressive Items so far include, from HeartMath, mediums and gestalt therapy, and gain the emWave Personal Stress Reliever tools to work with others. Dr. Stanley with a heart-rhythm monitor, LED Krippner, PhD. is a living treasure in Dream Study and Mind-Research, original pioneer of Transpersonal Psychology, internationally display, and audio feedback that can be used to return the body known for decades of research in consciousness studies and shamanism. to physiological coherence; and from Psyleron SPONSORED BY AHP • 17 CECs • AHP discount $280/$295 early, after Aug. (an outgrowth of the Princeton Engineering Anomalies 15: $310/$325. Fri. 7-9, Sat. 8-9, Sun. 9-1 January 28–30, 2011 • Seattle, Washington Research Group): the Mind Lamp that changes colors Contact: Susan Burns (425) 881-9000; [email protected] with your thoughts and feelings, http://www.mythevolve.com the Random Event Generator–1 Exploration Kit that CAROLYN MYSS can track mind–matter interactions including consciousness SACRED CONTRACTS 3-PART COURSE Caroline Myss is an internationally renowned pioneer in the changes in group situations, and the SyncText Syn- fi eld of medical intuition and New York Times best-selling chronicity Tool that sends you phone messages author of many books, including Anatomy of the Spirit, determined by a random event generator after you Sacred Contracts, and Invisible Acts of Power. She estab- lished her own educational institute, CMED (Carolyn Myss make initial choices. Please submit any other suggested product Education Institute) in 2003. tools to [email protected] Th e intention behind these seminars is two-fold: the fi rst is to lead participants into their Sacred Contract, teaching the skill of interpretation and analysis of archetypal symbols and their application to life events. Secondly, I designed the UPCOMING PERSPECTIVE THEMES course as a certifi cation program for students so that you can become Archetypal Consultants. Many graduates have cre- October/November issue: Shamanism; December/January ated successful careers for themselves as archetypal consultants or have discovered how to integrate their knowledge of archetypes and Sacred Contracts into an existing therapeutic issue: Love and Justice. Please send in your ideas for future or consulting practice. CMED lists their names and contact information on our site as a issue themes, and send articles on any topic appropriate for way of supporting their business enterprise. AHP and ATP audiences, to [email protected] SPONSORED BY AHP • 34.5 CECs • $1395 April 7–10, 2011 • Oak Brook, Illinois August 11–14, 2010 • Oak Brook, Illinois October 6–9, 2010 • Oak Brook, Illinois PERSPECTIVE EDITORIALS ON FACEBOOK http://www.myss.com/CMED/workshops/Mystical_Laws/ CMED Educational Institute; [email protected] Starting with this Perspective issue, there will be short Editorial descriptions of Perspective issues on AHP’s Facebook page. STAY ON THE CUTTING EDGE OF THE EVOLUTION OF CONSCIOUSNESS! RESEARCH ON EXISTENTIAL THERAPY This is the foundational online class for the Foundation for Unity Con- sciousness. It contains 8 individual sessions that were originally recorded Mick Cooper, author of Existential Th erapies and Professor live online, plus other instructional recordings. On-Demand Healing Program with Mary Bell, Spiritual Healer and Facilitator; author of of Counselling at the University of Strathclyde, Scotland, is Kicking and Screaming to Enlightenment, A Journey to the reviewing research evidence on the eff ectiveness and effi cacy of Real Self; www.kickingandscreamingtoenlightenment.com existential therapies. Please send references on published or un- ADDITIONAL ONLINE COURSES: HEALING BRAIN CHEMISTRY, CHANGING PAT- TERNS IN DNA, INTEGRATING EVOLUTIONARY CHANGES, RELEASING ASTRAL published research using controlled, observational, or system- ENERGIES, AND MATERIALIZING YOUR DREAMS atic case studies designs to [email protected] www.foundationforunity.com (480) 247–7263

AUGUST/SEPTEMBER 2010 ahp PERSPECTIVE 5 PRESIDENT’S MESSAGE

A Heart-Felt Th ank You As We Continue Our Each One, Reach One Outreach to Kindred Spirits on the Edge AHP Co-Presidents Chip Baggett and Cuf Ferguson

— Carroy U. “Cuf” Ferguson

n this brief message, I just want to extend a for AHP-sponsored events and Chairs our Events heart-felt thank you to all AHP members, Committee; and John Harnish, who does a mag- those who stayed with us and those who newly nifi cent job, as our Web Producer, in overseeing and joined AHP, as we transitioned to a new way updating our worldwide and very actively accessed of operating more effi ciently and hopefully more website (ahpweb.org), with millions of annual hits. Ieff ectively. Using a home-based model of operating, With regard to the AHP website, if you are in- with contracted staff , we are happy to report that terested in producing a seminar sponsored by AHP AHP is currently operating “in the black,” back debts and having it posted on AHP’s website Calendar, have been paid or forgiven by debtors (for which we please contact us at AHPoffi [email protected]. We want are most grateful), members should be able to have to support our members in getting their work out access to AHP publications in a more timely manner, in the world. Also, I’d like to call attention to a few and uplifting and cutting edge events continue to be new features on our website: “AHP Member Book,” sponsored and co-sponsored. a feature that highlights an AHP member’s book on A very special thank-you to our continuing, re- our website’s home page; “Self-Exploration Tools and turning, and new event and seminar presenters, who Gadgets,” a feature that highlights products, tools, help to inspire and to sustain our individual and col- and toys related to the evolution of consciousness and lective foci, journeys, and paths toward our Optimal humanistic psychology (see p. 5); and “Hum/Psych Selves and Optimal Realities. Since I do not want to Streaming Video,” a feature that highlights Humanis- omit anyone, I trust that each presenter will consider tic Psychology Internet Video Resources. this a personal Presidential note. In this personal All of the above are part of our continued Each context, however, my deepest, heart-felt thank you One, Reach One Outreach to kindred spirits on the to M. A. Bjarkman, past AHP President and current edge. In this context, AHP is the voice of ordinary Treasurer, who, through her enormous, generous, and people with an extraordinary vision for a more con- nurturing Heart and her wonderful, ongoing work scious and humane global society. AHP was founded with AHP and Th e Conference Works (TCW), has as a bold new affi rmative approach to psychology helped to sustain AHP and the AHP family in ways and life, and we continue to nurture and to evoke the that words alone are insuffi cient to capture. vision and affi rmative approach. Th rough our Each Additionally, I particularly want to extend a heart- One, Reach One Outreach, we are simply saying felt thanks to our contract staff : Kathleen Erickson, “Welcome Home” to those who have stayed with who, as Editor, produces this wonderful AHP Perspec- AHP and to those who are seeking a supportive arena tive publication, manages the AHP fi nancial books, to explore and engage self and kindred spirits in the and interfaces with the interested public; Ron Maier, evolution of consciousness. A heart-felt gratitude, who oversees membership services and our social therefore, to all who allow us to serve them on their media activities with LinkedIn and Facebook; Deb paths to evolve a more Conscious and Caring World. Oberg, who oversees Continuing Education Credits — Cuf Ferguson

6 ahp PERSPECTIVE AUGUST/SEPTEMBER 2010 Humanistic or Transpersonal? Homo Spiritualis and the Perennial Philosophy

— Samuel Bendeck Sotillos

God became man so that man might become God. — St. Irenaeus

In man the Spirit becomes the ego in order that the ego may become pure Spirit. —

n the late 1950s a “third development of a “fourth force”, to be transitional, a preparation for force” in modern psychol- transpersonal psychology, whose a still ‘higher’ Fourth Psychology, ogy known as humanistic purpose was to acknowledge the transpersonal, transhuman, centered psychology was beginning to rightful place of the empirical ego in the cosmos rather than in human take shape. In 1958 the Journal of as well as that which transcends needs and interest, going beyond hu- HumanisticI Psychology was founded it—the Self (Walsh & Vaughan, manness, identity, self-actualization, and in 1961 the Association for 1993). Th e school was originally and the like. (Maslow, 1968:iii–iv) Humanistic Psychology (AHP) was defi ned through its offi cial organ Frances Vaughan, former presi- formally launched. Humanistic the Journal of Transpersonal Psy- dent of both the Association for psychology was defi ned in contrast chology in 1969, and the Associa- Humanistic Psychology and the to behaviorism, known as the “fi rst tion for Transpersonal Psychology Association for Transpersonal force”, and psychoanalysis, known (ATP) in 1971. Anthony J. Sutich Psychology, makes the following as the “second force”, in modern defi ned this “fourth force” in distinction between these two psychology. It was developed to modern psychology in these terms: “forces” in modern psychology: off set the reductionism of the Transpersonal (or “fourth force”) Transpersonal psychology was dif- fi rst two “forces”, which was not Psychology is the title given to an a simple undertaking given the ferentiated from humanistic psychol- emerging force in the psychology ogy, placing greater emphasis on predominant intellectual myopia of fi eld by a group of psychologists and the times. the study of spiritual experiences, professional men and women from optimum psychological health and It is important to realize that at other fi elds who are interested in its origin humanistic psychology the full spectrum of human con- those ultimate human capacities and sciousness. . . . Humanistic psychol- acknowledged the spiritual dimen- potentialities that have no systematic sion as being the Summum Bonum ogy then became primarily identifi ed place in positivistic or behavioristic with feeling-oriented therapies and of the human condition—“Th e theory (“fi rst force”), the experiencing spiritual life is then part of the hu- the process of self-actualization. Individual defi nition classical psy- (Vaughan, 1995:162) man essence. It is a defi ning char- choanalytic theory (“second force”), acteristic of human nature, without or humanistic psychology (“third Although the perennial philoso- which human nature is not full hu- force”). (Sutich, 1969:15–16) phy has been underscored as one man nature” (Maslow, 1972:325). of the central theoretical tenets Or, “Th e spiritual dimension can- Abraham H. Maslow, pioneer of transpersonal psychology, and not be ignored, for it is what makes of both third and fourth “forces”, arguably of humanistic psychology us human” (Frankl, 1973:x). describes how humanistic psychol- (Bendeck Sotillos, 2009), very few However, from within this “third ogy was a preparation for a more people have researched the integral force” there emerged a growing dis- complete psychology: psychology of the perennial phi- satisfaction about the limitations of I should say also that I consider losophy that recognizes both what this outlook, which resulted in the Humanistic, Th ird Force Psychology is human and what is spiritual,

AUGUST/SEPTEMBER 2010 ahp PERSPECTIVE 7 (b. 1933), point of view that would like to HUMANISTIC OR TRANSPERSONAL? who have ardently presented the reduce everything to the purely emphasizing their implicit inter- philosophia perennis in its uncol- human level, which basically is connectedness while not misrep- ored light: one with the profane point of view itself” (Guénon, 2001:81); resenting “the decisive boundary” Th e term philosophia perennis, or “Th e humanistic perspective between them (Lings, 1991) in the which has been current since the understanding that, to use an ex- time of the Renaissance and of not only proposes the cult of man, pression of Meister Eckhart, they which neo-scholasticism made much but by that very fact also aims at are “fused but not confused”. use, signifi es the totality of primor- perfecting man according to an We recall the following words dial and universal truths—and ideal that does not transcend the of Frithjof Schuon, a preeminent therefore of the metaphysical axi- human plane” (Schuon, 1990:10). expositor of the philosophia peren- oms—whose formulation does not Conversely, according to Abraham nis, quoted by Ken Wilber (1977) belong to any particular system. Maslow, “Th e goal of humanistic in what is considered a landmark (Schuon, 1991:21) studies [or humanistic psychol- work in the fi eld of transpersonal A challenging ambiguity pre- ogy] was defi ned as the perception psychology: “Th ere is no science vails when it comes to the term and knowledge of the good, the of the soul [psyche] without a humanistic. Humanistic psychol- beautiful, and the true” (Maslow, metaphysical basis to it and with- ogy initially declared 1994:8). How- out spiritual remedies at its dis- its intent to do away ever, we can posal” (Wilber, 1977:11, Schuon, with the errors and see how certain 1984:14). Wilber continues to reductionism of problems might put forward the centrality of the behaviorism and arise from the perennial philosophy within this psychoanalysis that following char- emerging “fourth force” in mod- dehumanized human- acterization ern psychology: “One might say ity by attempting to of humanistic that the entire aim of this volume construct a psychol- psychology, [Th e Spectrum of Consciousness] is ogy centering itself which could lead René Guénon simply to support and document on the human ideal to what might be this statement of Frithjof Schuon, (Sutich & Vich, 1969). Th e pe- termed “humanistic narcissism”: a statement that the siddhas, sages rennial philosophy, on the other One of the most revolutionary con- and masters of everywhere and ev- hand, views the term humanistic as cepts to grow out of our [humanistic erywhen have eloquently embod- denoting another current of reduc- psychology’s] clinical experience is the ied” (Wilber, 1977:11). Although tionism which is rooted, alongside growing recognition that the inner- “the perennial philosophy” was behaviorism and psychoanalysis, most core of man’s nature, the deep- popularized via Aldous Huxley’s in the modern deviation: “Th ere est layers of his personality, the base of his ‘animal nature,’ is positive (1944) is a word which rose to honour at in nature—is basically socialized, acclaimed the Renaissance and which sum- forward-moving, rational and real- book under marized in advance the whole istic…. We do not need to ask who the same programme of modern civiliza- will socialize him, for one of his own title, very tion: this word is ‘humanism’” deepest needs is for affi liation and few know (Guénon, 1996:25). Since the communication with others. . .He is of the tra- “third force” in modern psychol- realistically able to control himself, ditionalist ogy endeavors to revive a more and he is incorrigibly socialized in or perenni- inclusive conception of the human his desires. Th ere is no beast in man. alist school person, it could be misleading to Th ere is only man in man. . . . (Rogers, 1961:90,105,194) Ananda Kentish of com- apply the perennial philosophy’s Coomaraswamy parative critique to humanistic psychology Examples could also be provid- religion including René Guénon insofar as this psychology actu- ed within the “fourth force” of (1886–1951), Ananda Kentish ally diff ers from the Humanism modern psychology as it has been Coomaraswamy (1877–1947), Ti- born with the Renaissance, which noted that tus Burckhardt (1908–1984), and may be defi ned in the following even the so-called spiritual arche- a more contemporary exponent, terms: “‘humanism’ [is]. . . the types, described by the school of C.

8 ahp PERSPECTIVE AUGUST/SEPTEMBER 2010 sphere, namely the spiritual: “To Rather than being a mere play HUMANISTIC OR TRANSPERSONAL? say homo sapiens, is to say homo of semantics, the above passage provides another example of how G. Jung, to which, without know- religiosus; there is no man without ing it, we are subject, although they God” (Schuon, 1990:51), which modern psychology (behaviorism, may in certain respects distinguish us also implies that “Man is fully psychoanalysis, humanistic, and from the animals, do, by their auto- man only when transpersonal) diff ers matic character, nevertheless recall he realizes who from the integral or the nature of the animal. he is [in divinis]” traditional psychol- (Tournier, 1973:95) (Nasr, 1989:183), ogy of the perennial By the same token, transpersonal because “without a philosophy, since psychology could be said to have sense of the sacred all modern psychol- divorced itself from what is human you are less than a ogy is an outgrowth per se, which is conceived of as a man” (Yellowtail in of the scientism of “spiritual bypass” or “pre/trans fal- Fitzgerald, 1994:9). the Enlightenment lacy” which could lead to spiritual Th e human individ- known as the Car- narcissism. Be that as it may, even ual becomes what Frithjof Schuon tesian–Newtonian though we live in the Kali-Yuga he or she is by transcending his or outlook (Rank, 1998, Edwards, which is marked by countless in- her animal nature: “Man is totally 1998, Ferrer, 2002, Grof, 1984, genious counterfeits, nevertheless himself only by transcending him- Tart, 2009) as opposed to tradi- the discernment (viveka) between self” (Schuon, 1990:39)—a truth tional psychology which is rooted the Real (Ātmā) and the illusory which is also expressed by Victor in a sacred science based upon (māyā), the Absolute and the Frankl, a pioneer of both human- metaphysical principles (Guénon, relative, remains situated in the istic and transpersonal psychology: 2001, Nasr, 1993). Less discern- spiritual domain itself. Th is is why “Self-transcendence is the essence ing adherents of transpersonal or it is crucial to demonstrate that of [human] existence” (Frankl, even humanistic psychology may the spiritual traditions and their 1988:50). Likewise Paul Tournier perhaps argue otherwise, but since corresponding psychologies are states that “Man is not just a body both are contingent upon and in linked to a chain of transmission and a mind. He is a spiritual be- many cases continuations of the (silsila), both human and Divine, ing. It is impossible to know him fi rst two “forces”—“It is a prolon- which alone can safeguard and if one disregards his deepest reali- gation of rationalistic material- integrate the human psyche. While ty” (Tournier, 1965:55). To ignore ism, extending it to the whole of the perennial philosophy does this danger of reducing the human [modern] psychology” (Tournier, acknowledge the animal aspect being to the sub-human by ignor- 1964)—this materialistic science of the human being, it in no way ing the spiritual dimension would is not easily overcome, nor is the defi nes man by this criterion, since be to close one’s eyes to the many problematic infl uence of New Age it would be sub-human to do so: errors that have led the modern thought which made its appear- and post-modern world into its ance vis-à-vis the Human Potential It should be noted that human ani- present-day dilemma: Movement (Vitz, 2002, Drury, mality is situated beneath animality 1989, Hanegraaff , 1998) leading as such, for animals innocently fol- Th e word “humanism” constitutes numerous seekers astray as these low their immanent law and thereby a curious abuse of language in view enjoy a certain natural and indirect of the fact that it expresses a notion spiritual forms are not rooted in contemplation of the Divine Pro- that is contrary to the integrally a genuine revealed tradition. Th is totype; whereas there is decadence, human, hence to the human prop- point would require further analy- corruption and subversion when erly so-called: indeed, nothing is sis which cannot be contained by man voluntarily reduces himself to more fundamentally inhuman than this article (see Smith, 1982, Stod- his animality. (Schuon, 1981:69) the “purely human,” the illusion of dart, 2008, Upton, 2001, Bendeck constructing a perfect man starting For this reason it is essential to Sotillos, 2010). from the individual and terrestrial; Th e perennial philosophy’s view demonstrate the hazards of defi n- whereas the human in the ideal of humanity is clearly expressed by ing the human person by what sense draws its reason for existence is strictly human, in the psycho– and its entire content from that John Herlihy: physical sense, instead of by what which transcends the individual and According to all the great spiritual lies above the psycho–physical the earthly. (Schuon, 1982:9) traditions of the world, the defi ning

AUGUST/SEPTEMBER 2010 ahp PERSPECTIVE 9 HUMANISTIC OR TRANSPERSONAL? man], began to interpret his exis- man is what relates to the Absolute tence merely in the image of his own and which consequently requires the characteristic of the human species creation, the machine. transcending of what is earthly in is the quality of human-ness, for (Frankl, 1988:16) man. (Schuon, 1982:9) want of a better term. Humanity is A defi ning point of “height Th e polarity between what is considered human because it enjoys psychology”—humanistic and human and what is spiritual is not a number of higher faculties that transpersonal—as fi rst envisioned only harmonized but actually re- distinguish the species from the rest of the animal kingdom and place it by its pioneers is that the human solved by the plenary principles of at the pinnacle of the creation as a individual is inseparably con- the perennial philosophy. It is only being created in the image of God nected to, and accordingly fulfi lled through an alignment of humanis- [imago Dei]. by, the spiritual domain. In the tic and transpersonal psychologies (Herlihy, 2005:149) words of Frankl, “Th e ‘spiritual’ is with the tenets of the perennial what is human in man” (Frankl, philosophy that an integral psy- Th e following passage, however, 2000:28)—or, more simply: chology addressing the entirety of expresses what happens when the “Man is spirit” (Frankl, 1985:70). the human person—Spirit, soul human norm, rooted in the recog- According to the perennial phi- and body—may be authentically nition of the Origin and Center of losophy, the human state is con- eff ective. What has been presented all things manifest and unmani- summated in the transpersonal; here is only the outline of such fest—a recognition which appears and yet, devoid of the transper- an alignment, partial at best, yet in varying forms in both East and sonal, the human state cannot be it underscores what is indispens- West—becomes subverted by one’s what it is meant to be. “To speak able to any operative psychology terrestrial or “horizontal” identity: of a ‘spiritual anthropology’ is that means to address the human . . . a remarkable fact [is] that man, already a pleonasm—to say man is being in toto, which is to also say as he regarded himself as a creature, to say spirit—but it is justifi ed in a in divinis. We are quite aware that interpreted his existence in the image world which, having forgotten the it is a nearly impossible task, or at of God [imago Dei], his creator; divine, no longer can know what least a daunting one, to compare but as soon as he started considering himself as a creator [the kingdom of is human” (Schuon, 1982:76). the primordial tradition, unani- Furthermore, mous in all times and places, with “the sole way to modern psychology. And although Begin a personal the Transperson- many questions, and important journey to enhance your al is through the ones at that, remain unanswered, professional practice Personal, . . . the it is throught he guiding light of professional practice only path be- the perennial philosophy that we . . . with this exciting six day yond the human may progressively achieve greater leads straight clarity on this matter, a viewpoint Diane Zimberoff, MFT Certification Training Founder & Director through the that reminds us of the immense human” (Upton, danger of disowning spirituality, Heart-CenteredHeart-Centered 2008:34). Th e for it is only through the spiritual ® human individ- that man may know what it means HypnotherapyHypnotherapyHypnotherapy ual is properly to be fully human: “Without the human only so transcendent and the transperson- Upcoming 2010 Trainings long as that indi- al, we get sick, violent, and nihilis- Combine humanistic psychology, New York City Sept 23-28 Gestalt, TA, developmental Chicago Oct 14-19 vidual’s animal- tic, or else hopeless and apathetic” psychology, behavior modification S. Padre Island Oct 21-26 ity is subsumed (Maslow, 1968:iv). techniques, hypnotherapy and a Ft Lauderdale Oct 29 - Nov 3 Heart-Centered holistic approach 2011 into the spiritual in your healing practice. Chicago Jan 13-18 domain: SAMUEL BENDECK SOTILLOS has Seattle Jan 19-24 received graduate degrees in Education Approved CEUs: Masters & PhD Mental Health Professionals What is human is and Psychology. He has traveled through- www.wellness-institute.org what is natural to out the world to visit sacred sites, and had man, and what 425-391-9716 800-326-4418 contact with noted spiritual authorities. is most essentially He currently works as a mental health THE WELLNESS INSTITUTE or most specifi - clinician in Northern California. He is cally natural to an AHP Board Affi liate.

10 ahp PERSPECTIVE AUGUST/SEPTEMBER 2010 REFERENCES Bendeck Sotillos, Samuel (2009) Book Review: Th e underlying religion: An introduction to the Perennial Philosophy. Journal of Transpersonal Psychology 41(1):108–112. Bendeck Sotillos, Samuel (2010) Book Review: Th e return of the Perennial Philosophy: Th e supreme vision of Western esotericism. Sacred Web: A Journal of Tradition and Modernity 25:175–184. Drury, Nevill (1989) Th e Elements of Human Potential. Shaftesbury: Element Books. Edwards, Gill (1998) “Does Psychotherapy Need a Soul?” in Psychotherapy and Its Discontents, edited by Windy Dryden and Colin Feltham. Buckingham: Open University Press. Ferrer, Jorge N. (2002) Revisioning Transpersonal Psychology: A Participatory Vision of Human Spirituality. SUNY Press. Fitzgerald, Michael Oren (1994) Yellowtail, Crow Medicine Man and Sun Dance Chief: An Autobiography. Norman, OK: University of Oklahoma Press. Frankl, Victor E. (1973) Th e Doctor and the Soul: From Psychology to Logotherapy. New York: Vintage Books. Frankl, Victor E. (1985) Psychotherapy and Existentialism. New York: Pocket Books. Frankl, Victor E. (1988) Th e Will to Meaning: Foundations and Applications of Logotherapy. New York: Meridian. Frankl, Victor E. (2000) Man’s Search for Ultimate Meaning. New York: Barnes & Noble. Grof, Stanislav (1984) East and West: Ancient Wisdom and Modern Science. In: Ancient Wisdom and Modern Science, edited by Stanislav Grof, with the assistance of Marjorie Livingston Valier. Albany, NY: SUNY Press. Guénon, René (1996) Th e Crisis of the Modern World, translated by Marco Pallis and Richard Nicholson. Ghent, NY: Sophia Perennis et Universalis. Guénon, René (2001) Studies in Hinduism, translated by Henry D. Fohr, edited by Samuel D. Fohr. Ghent, NY: Sophia Perennis. Hanegraaff , Wouter J. (1998) New Age Religion and Western Culture: Esotericism in the Mirror of Secular Th ought. Albany, NY: SUNY Press. Herlihy, John (2005) Borderlands of the Spirit: Refl ections on a Sacred Science of Mind. Bloomington, IN: World Wisdom. Huxley, Aldous (1944) Th e Perennial Philosophy. New York: Harper & Row. Lings, Martin (1991) Symbol & Archetype: A Study of the Meaning of Existence. Cambridge, UK: Quinta Essentia. Maslow, Abraham H. (1968) Toward a Psychology of Being. Princeton, NJ: Von Nostrand. Maslow, Abraham H. (1972) Th e Further Reaches of Human Nature. New York: Th e Viking Press. Maslow, Abraham H. (1994) Religions, Values, and Peak-Experiences. New York: Arkana. Nasr, Seyyed Hossein (1989) Knowledge and the Sacred. Albany, NY: SUNY Press. Nasr, Seyyed Hossein (1993) Th e Need for a Sacred Science. Albany, NY: SUNY Press. Rank, Otto (1998) Psychology and the Soul: A Study of the Origin, Conceptual Evolution, and Nature of the Soul, trans- lated by Gregory C. Richter & E. James Lieberman. Baltimore, MD: Th e Johns Hopkins University Press. Rogers, Carl R. (1961) On Becoming a Person: A Th erapist’s View of Psychotherapy. Boston, MA: Houghton Miffl in. Schuon, Frithjof (1981). Sufi sm: Veil and Quintessence, trans. by . Bloomington, IN: World Wisdom. Schuon, Frithjof (1982) From the Divine to the Human, translated by Gustavo Polit and Deborah Lambert. Bloomington, IN: World Wisdom Books. Schuon, Frithjof (1984) Logic and Transcendence, translated by Peter N. Townsend. London: Perennial Books. Schuon, Frithjof (1990) To Have a Center. Bloomington, IN: World Wisdom Books. Schuon, Frithjof (1991) “Th e Perennial Philosophy”. In: Th e Unanimous Tradition: Essays on the Essential Unity of All Religions, edited by Ranjit Fernando. Colombo, Sri Lanka: Institute of Traditional Studies. Smith, Huston (1982) Beyond the Post-Modern Mind. New York: Crossroad. Stoddart, William (2008) Remembering in a World of Forgetting: Th oughts on Tradition and Postmodernism, edited by Mateus Soares de Azevedo and Alberto Vasconcellos Queiroz. Bloomington, IN: World Wisdom. Sutich, Anthony J. (1969) “Some Considerations Regarding Transpersonal Psychology,” Journal of Transpersonal Psychology 1(1):11–20. Sutich, Anthony J., & Vich, Miles A. (Eds.) (1969) Readings in Humanistic Psychology. New York: Th e Free Press. Tart, Charles T. (2009) Th e End of Materialism: How Evidence of the Paranormal Is Bringing Science and Spirit Together. Oakland, CA: New Harbinger. Tournier, Paul (1964) Th e Whole Person in a Broken World, trans. by John and Helen Doberstein. NY: Harper & Row. Tournier, Paul (1965) Th e Healing of Persons, translated by Edwin Hudson. New York: Harper & Row. Tournier, Paul (1973) Th e Meaning of Persons, translated by Edwin Hudson. Harper & Row. Upton, Charles (2001) Th e System of Antichrist: Truth and Falsehood in Postmodernism and the New Age. Ghent, NY: Sophia Perennis. Upton, Charles (2008) Who is the Earth? How to See God in the Natural World. San Rafael, CA: Sophia Perennis. Vaughan, Frances (1995) Shadows of the Sacred: Seeing through Spiritual Illusions. Wheaton, IL: Quest Books. Vitz, Paul C. (2002) Psychology As Religion: Th e Cult of Self-Worship, Second Edition. Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans. Walsh, Roger N., & Vaughan, Frances (Eds.) (1993) Paths Beyond Ego: Th e Transpersonal Vision. New York: Tarcher. Wilber, Ken (1977) Th e Spectrum of Consciousness. Wheaton, IL: Quest Books.

AUGUST/SEPTEMBER 2010 ahp PERSPECTIVE 11 Th e Missing Link in Ken Wilber’s Integral Psychology: Adrian van Kaam — Elliot Benjamin

n Ken Wilber’s introduc- tend that Wilber missed perhaps ness (K. Wilber, 1977, Wheaton, tory Note to the Reader in the most noteworthy of all the IL: Quest Books) and developed his book Integral Psychol- integral psychology predecessors, in his book Integral Psychology ogy: Consciousness, Spirit, who had been highly active and (Wilber, 2000), van Kaam said the Psychology, Th erapy (K. Wilber, visible in the fi elds of psychology following: I2000, Boston: Shambhala), he and philosophy for more than a paid historical tribute to a few half century and who died just a Th e integration of seemingly opposed individuals who made attempts at few years ago; I am referring to the constructs requires the continual formulating a predecessor to inte- Dutch psychologist, philosopher, shaping and reshaping of a theo- gral psychology. Th ese individuals and theologian: Adrian van Kaam. retical model in its structure and include James Mark Baldwin, Wil- In van Kaam’s book Existential substructures. Th is constant change liam James, and most especially Foundations of Psychology (A. van in theoretical vision enables the Gustav Fechner. As Wilber con- Kaam, 1966, New York: Lanham), psychologist to comprehend with cluded about Fechner, who did his he passionately argued for the inner consistency the ever-increasing work in the early and mid-1800s: formulation of what he referred number of phenomena and laws “Fechner’s approach to psychology to as “comprehensive psychol- uncovered by the growing number of was thus a type of integral ap- ogy.” He developed his ideas diff erential psychologies. proach: He wished to use empirical into a discipline that he called (van Kaam, 1966:161) and scientifi c measurement, not to “anthropological psychology,” Van Kaam appeared to have a deny soul and spirit, but to help which he described as “an open, non-egotistical approach to inte- elucidate them” (Wilber, 2000:xi). personal, progressive integration grating all the diverse psychologies Wilber summarized the contri- of historical and contemporary that were prevalent when he was butions of Fechner, James, and psychological knowledge” (van formulating his ideas. Th is may Baldwin, which ended with the Kaam, 1966:166). However, in represent a signifi cant contrast to death of Baldwin in 1934, as fol- some fundamental ways, van the personal ego involvement that lows: “Th ese pioneering modern Kaam’s formulation of a compre- a number of authors have claimed psychologists managed to be both hensive psychology appears to me Wilber exhibits. For example, Da- fully scientifi c and fully spiritual, to go deeper than Wilber’s integral ryl Paulsen in his 2007 JHP article and they found not the slight- psychology, as van Kaam’s view entitled Wilber’s Integral Philoso- est contradiction or diffi culty in of psychology has tremendous phy: A Summary and Critique, that generous embrace” (Wilber, scope, inclusive of “the study of said the following: 2000:xi). the self-image expressed in cultural In a later chapter of Wilber’s endeavors other than psychol- First, for Wilber there is nothing be- book, entitled Some Important ogy, such as art, literature, social yond Wilber. As one studies Wilber’s Modern Pioneers, he pays trib- customs, language, philosophy, writings it becomes apparent that ute to three additional fi gures science, education, and patterns of Wilber believes everyone is partially who made preliminary integral worship” (van Kaam, 1966:160). right, but he is more right. Although psychology contributions primar- In a foreshadowing of Wilber’s lat- he incorporates others’ works, they are ily in the early and mid-1900s: er integral attempt to unite oppos- always reduced to a component in his Jurgen Habermas, Sri Aurobindo, ing theories of psychology, which system, not the other way around. and Abraham Maslow (Wilber, Wilber initiated in his very fi rst (D. Paulsen, 2007, Journal of 2000:82–85). However, I con- book Th e Spectrum of Conscious- Humanistic Psychology, 8(3):361)

12 ahp PERSPECTIVE AUGUST/SEPTEMBER 2010 INTEGRAL PSYCHOLOGY

Van Kaam’s use of the term “existential” is quite diff erent from our present-day meanings we give to the term, and was also quite dif- ferent from the dominant mean- ings of the term in the mid-1900s. As van Kaam wrote in the 1983 Foreword to his (1966) book Exis- tential Foundations of Psychology:

Th e book became a plea to widen existential psychology to a universal

anthropological psychology, suf- Association Epiphany fi ciently foundational to integrate Adrian van Kaam and Pope John Paul II objectively on a scientifi c basis all validated fi ndings and insights of the various “diff erential” psychologies, similarity is inclusive even of van Wilber has made to psychology covering both the subjective experi- Kaam’s establishment of an orga- and to philosophy in his integral ential and the measurable aspects of nization whose explicit purpose approach. But I contend that there human life. was to explore the integration of is a missing link in how Wilber (van Kaam, 1983:xi–xii) virtually all facets of life. Although has portrayed the development of Van Kaam was coming from a integral psychology, and I believe Van Kaam eventually broad- universal Catholic religious per- that acknowledgement and respect ened his comprehensive and spective (see http://www.city-net. should be given to Adrian van anthropological psychology into com/~alimhaq/text/fs.html and Kaam for the signifi cant role that what he referred to as Formative Muto & Martin, 2009), his inten- he played in the integral scheme of Spirituality and established the sive focus on integrating diverse things. Institute of Formative Spirituality psychologies sounds quite similar When van Kaam developed to study “the scientifi c integration to me to the basic premise of his ideas about anthropological of formationally relevant fi ndings Wilber’s Integral Institute organi- psychology in the mid-1900s, and insights of diff erent arts, sci- zation. In my opinion, it would the world of psychology was torn ences, and formation traditions” have been interesting, appropriate, apart between Rogers’ client- (van Kaam, 1966:xii; see http:// and academically respectful for centered therapy and Skinner’s www.epiphanyassociation.org for Wilber to acknowledge the inte- behaviorism. Neo-Freudian and more information about Forma- gral contributions of Adrian van Jungian psychodynamic theories tive Spirituality, and S. A. Muto Kaam along with Fechner, James, were also prominent at this time, & F. Martin, 2009, Portrait of Baldwin, and the others who and I believe that van Kaam had a Adrian van Kaam and Humanistic Wilber respectfully acknowledged deep and far-reaching perspective Psychology, Journal of Humanistic in his informal history of the to “integrate” (see E. Benjamin, Psychology 49(3):355–375, for a precursors of integral psychology. 2007, Integral vs. Integrative, comprehensive portrayal of the life Van Kaam’s Institute of Forma- http://www.integralworld.net) all and philosophy of van Kaam). tive Spirituality was in full force these diverse psychologies that he In discovering the integral when Wilber wrote his fi rst book referred to as “diff erential” psy- writings of Adrian van Kaam, Th e Spectrum of Consciousness chologies. Van Kaam also wrote who has written more than 75 (Wilber, 1977), but I do not recall about extending the strict quanti- books and 360 articles (Muto & any mention of van Kaam in any tative experimental classifi cation of Martin, 2009), I was quite struck of Wilber’s books, and I have read what science is, allowing for non- by the similarities in outlook and nearly all of them. Th is is not to quantitative phenomenological perspective on psychology that take away from what I believe is explorations of experience, which he shares with Ken Wilber. Th is an enormous contribution that has been gradually increasing in

AUGUST/SEPTEMBER 2010 ahp PERSPECTIVE 13 INTEGRAL PSYCHOLOGY

acceptance by the scientifi c main- stream in the context of qualitative TRUE ROCKS science (J. Creswell, 2007, Quali- by Paul Rest tative Inquiry & Research Design, London: Sage; C. Moustakas, I love true rocks. 1994, Phenomenological Re- Not the ones made up of search Methods, Th ousand Oaks, concrete and the like. CA: Sage). For all these reasons, But those rocks which I consider Adrian van Kaam to Still remember the be the “missing link” of integral song of the Earth, psychology, and this brief article And sing it for all to pays tribute to him for his unac- Hear who pass by knowledged role in the formation and would listen. of today’s integral psychology. I even love those rocks That have been blasted ELLIOT BENJAMIN, Ph.D., is a from the Earth philosopher, mathematician, musi- cian, counselor, writer, and the author By machine and powder of more than 60 published articles in And all other manner of the fi elds of pure mathematics, hu- invention. manistic and transpersonal psychology, Finding that they too spirituality and the awareness of cult Remember their song, dangers, art and mental disturbance, although they sing it a bit softer. and mathematics enrichment. Elliot is a doctoral candidate in the Ph.D. psychol- I love walking and suddenly Feeling a pull to look in those ogy program at Saybrook University, grasses by the side of the path with a concentration in Consciousness and Spirituality. He teaches psychology And finding a rock slowly singing and philosophy at Akamai University, Its song . . . but I must be very quiet and mathematics at CalCampus. Elliot and still within myself to hear. lives in Maine and enjoys playing ten- That ancient song formed nis, ballroom dancing, and occasionally Before there was time in the playing the piano at nursing homes. womb of the still young Earth.

Yes, that song: of stars and galaxies And heavens above and earths below, music—note after note, Harmonies so beautiful and Sweet I want to put my head upon that stone like a pillow And dream with that song deep In my bones and flesh, like the prophets and sages of old did, when they listened To the voice of God and Angels—hearing that song, and knowing that they, As I do, there listening, Kneeling in the weeds, Am in That Presence.

Elliot Benjamin

14 ahp PERSPECTIVE AUGUST/SEPTEMBER 2010 TRANSITIONS: A Bridge Th at True Love Never More May Sever

— Michael Berman . e do not necessarily carries souls of the newly deceased die only once in a life- across the rivers Styx and Acheron time. In a sense, we that were believed to divide the world Annan Water die a death every time of the living from the world of the Oh Annan Water’s wondrous deep an important transition takes place dead. A coin to pay Charon for pas- And my love Annie’s wondrous bonny inW our lives, such as moving from one sage, usually an obolus or danake, was I’m loath that she should wet her feet job or one home to another, or when sometimes placed in or on the mouth Because I love her best of any. a signifi cant relationship comes to an of a dead person. And it is said that end. those who could not pay the fee, or Go saddle to me the bonny grey mare What often proves to be helpful in those whose bodies were left unbur- Go saddle her soon and make her ready For I must cross that stream tonight such situations is not to look back, ied, had to wander the shores for one And all to see my bonnie lady. and a reference to the importance of hundred years. In this way Charon this can be found in Genesis. Despite acted as a psychopomp. Th e word And he has ridden o’er fi eld and fell the warning psychopomp means O’er moor and moss and many a mire from God that “a deliverer of souls” His spurs of steel were sore to bide Lot and his and is derived from And from the mare’s feet fl ew the fi re. wife were not two Ancient Greek The mare fl ew on o’er moor and mire to look back on words—psyche But when she’d wan the Annan Water the destruction meaning “soul” or She couldn’t have ridden a furlong more of Sodom and “spirit,” and pompos Had a thousand whips been laid upon her. Gomorrah, in meaning “sending.” Oh boatman come put off your boat Genesis (19:26) It is said in a Ser- Put off your boat for golden money we learn that bian legend (Rajko For I must cross that stream tonight Lot’s wife did Djuric (1999) Écrire Or never more I’ll see my Annie. look back and was turned into a pillar les frontières. Le Pont de l’Europ, of salt. Th e traditional interpretation Strasbourg: Council of Europe Pub- Oh I was sworn late yestreen of the incident is that its purpose is to lishing, p. 43) that in the beginning And not by one oath but by many And for all the gold in fair Scotland illustrate the folly of disobeying divine the earth was one and undivided and I dare not take ye to your Annie. commands. However, a case could people could come and go as they also be made for an alternative inter- pleased. However, with the arrival of The sides are steep the waters deep pretation, and it could be argued that death, the earth split into two: this From bank to brae the water pouring the point being made is that by letting world and the hereafter. In despair, & your bonny grey mare she sweats for fear go of the old instead of struggling to human beings prayed day and night She stands to hear the water roaring. hold on to it, the required transition to God, begging Him to bring these And he has tried to swim that stream then takes place a lot more smoothly. two parts together. As a result, God And he swam on both strong and steady As for the bridge, it is generally re- took pity on the just and blew on the But the river was broad & strength did fail garded as a symbol of transition, par- earth to create a bridge between the And he never saw his bonny lady. ticularly from life to death, and can be two worlds—the very same bridge Oh woe betide the willow wand found in stories from many cultures. Annie’s grieving lover is left to seek. And woe betide the bush of brier In Finnish tradition, for example, For it broke beneath her true love’s hand Vainamoinen, and the shamans who MICHAEL BERMAN works as a teacher When strength did fail and limbs did tire. journey to Tuonela, must cross a and a writer. Publications include Th e bridge of swords and knives. And Power of Metaphor for Crown House, Th e And woe betide you Annan Water in Muslim mythology, Al-Sirat, also Nature of Shamanism and the Shamanic This night you are a gloomy river Story for Cambridge Scholars Publishing, And over you I’ll build a bridge known as the Bridge of Jehennam, is Shamanic Journeys through the Cauca- That never more true love may sever. described as being no wider than the sus for O-Books, and All God’s Crea- edge of a sword, a bridge across which tures: Stories Old and New for Pendraig —Titled Rare Willie Drowned in Yarrow, or, The all who enter heaven must pass. Publishing. To and from the Land of the Water o Gamrie in the Appendix of F. J. Child, In Greek mythology, Charon or Dead is due to be published by Lear books (1886–1898) The English and Scottish Popular Kharon is the ferryman of Hades who in 2011. http://www.Th estoryteller.org.uk Ballads, Boston/New York: Houghton, Miffl in.

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16 ahp PERSPECTIVE AUGUST/SEPTEMBER 2010 ATP NEWSLETTER Highlights of Graduate Clinical Programs CONFERENCE ANNOUNCEMENT DIVERSITY, HUMAN Incorporating a Spiritual Orientation RIGHTS, GOING TO THE PRIMORDIAL he Integral Counseling the presence of spirituality and/ SOURCE ! Psychology program at or religious connection promotes South Africa 2013 CIIS was the world’s fi rst better psychological International East–West transpersonal and physical well- Transpersonal psychology graduate program. A being. It includes Assn. Conference Tpsycho-spiritual focus is infused Aikido, with other throughout the classes and practi- spiritual practices, ppread the word and get cum, and the program has recently and the wisdom of many religions, involved as a regional added a third Integral Counsel- consciousness studies, and the co-creator by emailing ing Center in San Francisco to fi eld of transpersonal psychology [email protected] to serve low-income clients. All three as a whole. In the third year, each help bring colleagues worldwide to counseling centers are transper- student may design a self-directed thisS historic event that will include sonally oriented. Th e Integral program in a specifi c spiritual rare meetings with tribal shamans, Counseling Psychology program practice and connected clinical intimate safari, and conference has also revised its curriculum in practice. www.itp.edu celebrations and presentations accordance with new BBS regula- John F. Kennedy University’s on spirituality and human rights, tions to include more training in Master of Arts in Counseling Psy- healing, consciousness, the arts, community mental health that chology Program–Holistic off ers cultural synergy. Watch www. incorporates an understanding of an Integral Psychotherapy Special- atpweb.org, Refl ections e-news- the clients’ spiritual orientation ization based on the All-Quadrant, letter, ATP Newsletter, and these and spiritual resources as part of All-Level (AQAL) framework of pages for developments. the treatment. Also, in the Psy.D. Ken Wilber and others, using it program at CIIS, the curriculum for the study of psychotherapy and counseling and the inclusion of an ATP FALL SALONS Integral Life Practice, which is also INTIMATE DISCUSSIONS a unique aspect of the program. and environment are infused with ILP consists of “modules” that are Organized by Stuart Sovatsky, the “Seven Ideals of CIIS” which engaged by students to deepen ATP Co-President include diversity and spirituality. their development and transfor- October 16: Emotions, Relation- Th is program is APA-accredited mation both in ships and Enlightenment, How (on probation) www.ciis.edu. depth and breadth. Do Th ey Go Together? ITP’s new Psy.D. in spiritu- Th e core modules Meditations on Th e Heart and ally oriented clinical psychology include Body, Lifelong Relationships is the fi rst to integrate a spiritual Mind, Spirit, and orientation with APA accredita- Shadow. Th e MA in counseling December 3: Feeling Th e Whole- tion standards. It includes spiritual psychology with a specialization in ness, Th e Planetary Future of practices and approaches and integral psychotherapy meets the Psychotherapy spiritually oriented psychology educational requirements for the Bringing the Macrocosmic Whole perspectives in practicum and California Marriage and Family into Th erapy and World Family site-based training. Th e spiritual Th erapist license. www.jfku.edu 6225 Doremus Ave, Richmond, orientation of this program draws Send descriptions of spiritually CA 94805 7:30–9:30 p.m. upon and supports research in the oriented clinical training programs RSVP no later than one week fi eld that provides evidence that to drlukoff @comcast.net before. [email protected]

AUGUST/SEPTEMBER 2010 ahp PERSPECTIVE 17 ATP NEWSLETTER

BOOK REVIEW Familial and intergenerational CONFERENCE ANNOUNCEMENT PSYCHOSIS IN THE FAMILY fault lines are agonizingly evoked, THE 12TH INTERNATIONAL By Janet Love yet without going down the EUROTAS CONFERENCE Karnac Books, 2009, 210 pp., “schizophrenogenic family” model GWATT, SWITZERLAND $26.95, ISBN 978-185575520. path. Th is is a book full of pain, Knowledge, Pleasure, & Belief full of madness, yet full of sanity. September 29–October 3, 2010 Reviewed by Heward Wilkinson Psychotherapy is affi rmed, but does not get off scot-free either! he 12th International EU- anet Love’s book Psychosis It is both a clarion call about the ROTAS Conference’s pro- in the Family stands with failures of our services, yet an gram is being designed by the Community of Interest such extraordinary works awesome message of hope and in Transper- as Milner’s Th e Hands of overcoming! Tsonal Psychol- the Living God and Dorman’s Much more than that, how- ogy, which has JDante’s Cure in evoking the ever, is the fact that Janet Love set itself the experience of psychosis. But this does not take a simplifi ed view of target of understanding transpersonal time it is seen from within the fam- psychosis but instead expresses the knowledge and transpersonal phe- nomena according to the philosophy ily of the suff erer, multiplicity of of science, and of boosting its practi- particularly from facets of insan- cal relevance. Th ey are also dedicated the mother’s point ity and moves to linking active persons in fi elds re- of view, herself freely between lated to transpersonal understanding. a transpersonal models of the Th is year’s topic arose from a psychotherapist, mind and of lengthy process of trying to crystal- lize the essentials of what all human yet as a mother madness. Th is beings have in common. exposed as totally does greater What inspires us? as anyone could service to the What moves us? be to the disin- reality of the What makes us happy? tegrating impact experience of Together with you, we would like to of psychosis, yet psychosis than delve deeper into this topic. Do we look for mere fun? also paradoxi- any attempt at Do we long for a smile of our hearts? cally healing and a single unitary Are we—as a common destiny— regenerative. Th is theory. Woven all in the same boat? amazingly vivid account grips throughout the personal narra- What are we craving for in the the attention from start to fi nish, tive is a transpersonal quest where ocean of serendipities? evoking poignantly what so many Janet seeks to face her suff ering Do we strive for consciousness, are we driven by the joyfulness of experi- have experienced, the sheer excru- though fi nding meaning in her ments, or do we look for identity? ciating, unfathomable, ungraspa- experiences. We invite you to deepen your syn- bility of the experience and nature ergetic knowledge and to discover the HEWARD WILKINSON, UKCP Fel- of psychosis on any single model. paradigms that shape us. low, is the Chair of the United Kingdom Dr. U. Z. Rüegg of the Institut for Th e devastation wrought by the Council for Psychotherapy Humanistic inadequacies and bureaucratic Transpersonal Psychology and Cre- and Integrative Psychotherapy Section, ative Art Th erapy and the President of closedness of our mental care sys- an Integrative Psychotherapist, a Psychi- the Swiss Transpersonal Assn. invites tems is painfully articulated, yet it atric Nurse, and author of Th e Muse you to the 12th Eurotas conference. is not anti-psychiatric, and one of as Th erapist: a New Poetic Paradigm www.eurotas.org or Swiss ITP, Halen- the heroes is a psychiatrist. for Psychotherapy. strasse 10 CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland

18 ahp PERSPECTIVE AUGUST/SEPTEMBER 2010 ATP NEWSLETTER New European Transpersonal Center in Lithuania

n October 2010, the Euro- gave transpersonally oriented pean Transpersonal Center people a brief opportunity to (ETC) starts a series of pro- experience transpersonal meth- grams with prominent sci- ods, techniques, and concepts, entists and therapists from all over along with warm and intimate EuropeI (see table). It was founded connection with each other. But by Gennady Brevde from Lithu- these inspiring atmospheres of ania, Sergey Strekalov from Russia, fruitful interaction and devotion and Maris Daugelavichus from to high-level scholarship came Lithuania to provide a setting for and went—like a carnival or self-knowledge and training in fi reworks. We decided to launch transpersonal a Center that could be the approaches. locus of such programs and interaction Site of some of the ETC’s programs Th ey state: as ongoing activities. As distinct from conferences, ETC is not “fi reworks,” but transformation as well as the per- We developed the a “fi replace.” sonal growth of the participants. idea of establish- For example, upcoming programs ing a new center Participants in ETC events will include those in the table below. while attending not get a superfi cial acquaintance Th e motto of the ETC is: “Th e Eurotas and ITA with topics, but an in-depth expe- most brilliant discovery is self- ETC DIRECTOR international rience, knowledge, and practice to discovery!” Th e Center’s website is MARIS DAUGELAVICHUS conferences that assist the process of evolutionary at www.transpersonalcenter.eu

European Transpersonal Center Programs, Vilnius, Lithuania http://www.transpersonalcenter.eu/

Rainer Pervolttz of Germany THE INNER Th e fi rst of three body workshops, Cofounder of International Institute ATTITUDE leading to eff ective insights and new of Exploration of Consciousness paths of dealing with life.

Vladimir Kozlov of Russia BREATHING / Th e most popular psychotechnic Ph.D. Psychology, Professor, MUSIC / by one of the most outstanding President, International Academy MOVEMENT Russian transpersonal masters. of Psychological Sciences

Barbara Schasseur of France PSYCHOLOGY Trance work—a dance ritual into Nature’s D.E.S.S., initiated master of the OF NATURE healing force, that can be applied to self- Afro-Brazilian cult of Umbanda development & self-growth, exploration of in spiritual guidance, healing many mental or psychological disorders.

AUGUST/SEPTEMBER 2010 ahp PERSPECTIVE 19 ATP NEWSLETTER

CONFERENCE REVIEW 17th International Transpersonal Conference Consciousness Revolution: Transpersonal Discoveries Th at Are Changing the World

he 17th ITA conference, We introduced for Russia (and hopefully held in Moscow, June for the world) new important possibilities 22–27, 2010, was at- including civilized discussion on such deli- tended by more than 850 cate and controversial issues as psychedelic therapy and inter-religious dialogue. participants from 26 countries. Th e event marks the continuation Xenia Kuleshova, who created T Vladmir Maykov of the tradition of ITA confer- the psychological center “Loft” in ences dating back to 1972. It was Moscow, was a key organizer of ent important issues while dining an opportunity for the new on Indian food. generation of Russian and Euro- Closing the Conference was pean transpersonalists to meet an amazing concert, Soul of the transpersonal pioneers, such as World. Famous rock and ethnic Stan and Christina Grof. musicians from all over the world Th e Conference positioned performed at this event along with transpersonal psychology within spiritual teachers sharing some of Russian society as scientifi c, their tradition during the concert. advanced, progressive, and rel- David Lukoff introducing You can see some of the feedback Stanley Krippner evant to many important issues. at http://www.ita2010.com Th e program included scientifi c, the conference and supervised the Stanislav Grof, who along with artistic, and spiritual presenta- art program of the Conference. his wife Christina, founded the tions. According to the main Each day, during lunch and dinner ITA, taught a holotropic breath- conference coordinator Vladmir time, participants gathered around work seminar to 440 participants Maykov: thematic tables focused on diff er- and generously donated the pro- ceeds to the ITA Conference. His refl ections on this conference sum- marize the sentiments expressed by many in attendance:

I have to think about what Jim Garrison said in his brilliant presentation on the global crisis when he talked about “cul- tural creatives” and quoted Paul Ray and Sherry Anderson: “Cultural creatives” feel much closer to cultural creatives in other countries than they feel to their country- men and women. Th at is certainly true about us; we feel more deeply connected with you (in spite of our cultural, histori- cal, and language diff erences) than with people with whom we share the language and nationality, but not the vision— creating a global community in which vio- Oorzchak, ethnic music event lence will not be seen as an acceptable way

20 ahp PERSPECTIVE AUGUST/SEPTEMBER 2010 ATP NEWSLETTER

CONFERENCE REVIEW SPIRITUALITY IN ACTION: Transpersonal Psychology Healing a World in Crisis

conference sponsored explored in presentations, papers, by the Association workshops, and speakers with a for Transpersonal multidisciplinary and integrative Psychology and approach to human potential, the Institute of Transpersonal self-development, relationship, PsychologyA was held February and community. 11 countries, 26 12–14, 2010, at Menlo College institutions of higher education, in Atherton, California. With and 38 faculty were represented. the theme of Spirituality In Th e following Keynotes are Action, 238 attendees explored available to ATPmembers at www. how transpersonal psychology atpweb.org is addressing contemporary ecological and economic crises. Transpersonal psychology’s contributions to developing innovative, holistic approaches to psychotherapy, health, healing Carl Becker (Japan), Tatiana Ginsberg (Russia), trauma, social relationships, & David Lukoff (USA) and global consciousness were * Dean Radin on consciousness research * Donald Rothberg on engaged 17TH ITA CONFERENCE REVIEW CONT’D. spirituality of solving confl icts, and humanity will treat with respect not only its own kind, but also nature and other species. And Selene Vega

* Charles Tart on Th e End of Materialism: How Evidence of the Paranormal Is Bringing Science and Spirit Together (his recent book) * Jenny Wade on transcendent sexuality * Fred Luskin on forgiveness * Olga Louchakova on Under- standing the “Transpersonal” Brain: Stanislav Grof Neurophenomenological Advances * Ed Bruce Bynum on African sectarian chauvinism will be replaced by spirituality spirituality that is universal, all-inclusive, * Marilyn Mandala Schlitz on Richard Kaplan (musician) and all-encompassing. transformation and healing & Olga Louchakova

AUGUST/SEPTEMBER 2010 ahp PERSPECTIVE 21 REVIEWS picture is the four-quadrant model are ones in which individuals no (Figure 1). It comprises the four longer identify with their ego, but perspectives—subjective, both instead, they identify with the A GUIDE TO INTEGRAL individual and collective, and the mystical domains. PSYCHOTHERAPY: objective individual and collective Lines of development describe Complexity, Integration, states. the core abilities of a person. and Spirituality in Th is opens our way of viewing Th ese include intelligences, such Practice the world. Th is is critical in as linguistic, musical, logico– By Mark D. Forman psychotherapy, because we need mathematical, visio–spatial, SUNY Press, 2010, 326 pp., $24.95, all four perspectives in order to intrapersonal, interpersonal, and ISBN 9781438430234. appreciate a person “in the world” kinesthetic, and acute perceptions for who and what they are and of the natural world. Reviewed by Daryl Paulson do, relative to other beings. If we States of consciousness include concentrate on one quadrant, the waking, dreaming, and non- UNY Press has just published other three can go unnoticed, dreaming deep sleep, which another book in its integral limiting our view. Unfortunately, integrate with growth stages section, A Guide to this has been allowed to happen in and lines of development. We Integral Psychotherapy, psychotherapy. also see states of consciousness, which is very much worth reading, Stages of growth are also such as temporary, altered, digesting,S and reading again. Th e important. Integral psychology psychopathological, regressive, and book is well-written, containing accepts that, as one grows, one mystical. From a psychological an introduction and 14 chapters, a develops through a series of perspective, to help clients adjust reference section, and an index. stages from pre-personal through to intense and changing states of Chapter 1, “Integral Th eory personal into transpersonal stages. consciousness is a central goal. and the Principles Types of humans of Integral Self are male and Psychotherapy” is a female, but also general overview of introverts and what this book will Emotional Self Physical Self extroverts. Th e discuss. Specifi cally, (Psychology) (Science) author fi nishes quadrants, stages, this chapter by taking us through lines, states, and Subjective Objective types of individuals a review of the are the main focus. It four quadrants Social is, then, a summary Cultural relative to (Laws) of Ken Wilber’s view therapies. It is a of psychology. very well-done, In our society, in-depth chapter we do not see the expressed in Collective whole picture of simple words. life, because from an Figure . Quadrant Model In Chapter 2, early age onward, we “Psychotherapy tend toward sub-specialization. A person at the pre-personal as a Four-Quadrant Aff air,” the Th at is, we have learned from a level is in an immature stage of author states that we are ignorant portion of the whole picture and development and is very fragile. of a tremendous amount of have mistakenly concluded it is Th ese individuals are centered in information about psychology. the whole. Unfortunately, we are the physical body and emotions. Psychological problems actually unaware of this disjunction. In In the personal stage, they are are not due to one specifi c integral studies, one is brought to centered primarily in their ego, area of life, but from ignoring seeing the real whole picture. and this is where most people the quadrant system—that is, Perhaps the most basic form that will remain throughout their accounting for the genetic (upper has been used to see the whole lives. Th e transpersonal stages right quadrant), the psychologic

22 ahp PERSPECTIVE AUGUST/SEPTEMBER 2010 REVIEWS Chapter 4, “Dynamic and tortuous journey is Figure 2B, Incorporative Development,” is which requires much will power (upper left quadrant), the cultural also a very good chapter. One of to complete. One achieves a new (lower left quadrant), and the the things that critics have found level of growth and integrates that societal (lower right quadrant). problematic with Wilber’s model with each prior level. Th is is a very Each plays a role in how one is that it is too focused or linear good chapter. truly thinks and acts in the world, for easy adaptation. Th e author In “Lines of Development in and they must be integrated, not has written a noteworthy chapter Practice,” Chapter 5, the author ignored in part. on this topic. I, myself, have also addresses the question: “What For example, the is development?” author expands the Is it mental ability, content of the form, emotional growth, or used for patient something else? Th e intake, usually Incorrect View Correct View author suggests it is centered in the upper of Stage Growth of Stage Growth a synthesis of all the left quadrant, to various intelligences— include the other linguistic, musical, three quadrants logico–mathematical, (upper right, lower A B visio–spatial, right, and lower Figure . Stage Growth Model intrapersonal, left). While this is interpersonal, and a formidable task, one does not written about this in the Journal kinesthetic, and perceptions of actually need to know the specifi c of Humanistic Psychology. I do the natural world. For example, treatments in all the quadrants, not fi nd problems with the four the author fi rst describes Piagetian but only to be aware that they quadrants or the levels, lines, mental development and its exist. states, or types. What I fi nd weaknesses, and then focuses on a “Drives and the Unconscious diffi cult is using this model and self-system line, consisting of: from an Integral Perspective” is fi tting a person to it. Instead, the 1. Being the locus of Chapter 3, and it begins with process should be to examine the identifi cation, a discussion of the integral person and fi t the model to that 2. Giving organization or perspective on self-development. unique individual. Th e individual unity to the mind, Psychological self-development person is, after all, the point of 3. Being the center of will and lies mainly in the upper left the counseling process. Th ere is free choice, quadrant. Th ere are many drives nothing wrong with the integral 4. Being the center of defense that underlie the psyche, but there model, except how it is applied mechanisms, exists a primal drive, unconscious adaptively. 5. Being the metabolization of to each person, that must be Th e author’s image of a labyrinth experience, and acknowledged and fulfi lled. Th e for psychological growth is better 6. Being the center of main objective for the integral than most. As a person grows, s/ navigation (p. 79). therapist should be to support he moves ever more toward the He discusses the way Wilber this drive and bring it into center of his/her being as s/he uses the lines of development, consciousness for the individual. negotiates the twists and turns integrating the fi ndings of 11 It needs to be conscious, because of the “labyrinth.” Th is brings diff erent researchers to make unconscious, it cannot be known; me to an important point. We his model appropriate. Th is is a therefore, it does not exist for the must have suffi cient will power to succinct and interesting chapter. individual. complete this process. Given one Chapter 6, “Pre-Personal Th e author then discusses several has the will power, one ultimately Identity Development,” is a of Wilber’s terms: 1) submerged can progress from one’s lowest to chapter dealing with in what stage unconscious, 2) embedded highest level (Figure 2). Figure 2A of life a person currently resides. unconscious, and 3) emergent depicts a “perfect” progression of It appears, in psychotherapy, that unconscious, and integrates them growth, which no one actually severity of symptoms decreases into self-development. accomplishes. Th e realistic as a client is able to recognize

AUGUST/SEPTEMBER 2010 ahp PERSPECTIVE 23 REVIEWS their worldview. For example, for the Pre-Personal and Early initially they may tend to see the Personal Stages,” basically and integrate where s/he is with world as “my religion is right; the gives suggestions for treating where s/he has been. When others are wrong” . . . that is, an psychological problems that this integration fails, symptoms extremist viewpoint. Th e author occur at these stages. Th e author of unhappiness, depression, discusses Fowler’s treatment of begins this process by providing and anxiety persist. In therapy, spiritual development, which Wilber’s suggestions, but then integrated development is key and is very useful to anyone who ventures into new areas. He should be pursued slowly, with is on the transpersonal line of discusses creating a regulatory great care. Th e author portrays development. environment, various aspects of a number of examples that are I the therapeutic relationship, the clear and precise, written to help therapist’s sympathy, refl ective the therapist visualize the client listening to the client, validation developing in therapy. and support of the client, allowing Chapter 7, “Early and Mid- the expression of emotion by the Personal Identity Development,” client, basis for being in the here- continues the development process and-now, behavioral intervention, begun in Chapter 6. Most people psycho-education, process who are troubled and confused commentary, and basic trouble- in their view toward life seek shooting. You will have to read psychologists. Th e basic problem this book to fi nd out specifi cally of such people is that they do not what the author states. Th is know what they truly want and chapter is remarkable, covering the do not want in life. Th ey need work very well and exploring new to experience the positive and areas. negative consequences of their believe there is a problem with Chapter 10, “Interventions for actions as guides to discovering this chapter, not in what it Mid-Personal, Late Personal, and what they want. A major problem covers, but in what it leaves Transpersonal Stages,” is a chapter for them is that they are expressing out. Integral spirituality is a on dealing with issues of adults themselves negatively and continue higher development, but also who are growing from their mid- to do so, because they do not a more complex development personal to transpersonal stages of perceive this behavior as negative. accomplished from not one, but growth. In other words, it deals Simply stated, they have not three views—fi rst-, second-, and with existential–spiritual disorders. developed to a stage of life where third-person approaches. In the Th e fi rst problem of such they can diff erentiate what they fi rst person, Spirit is known as people is fi tting in with others, want from what they do not want. “I.” One awakens consciously as well as developing ourselves. Th ey are arrested at this stage as inseparable from Spirit, often We fi nd we like certain things of development because of their through meditation. In the second and dislike others. Do we have psychological tension, which keeps person, Spirit is perceived as the confi dence to live our lives them from risking and, therefore, “You.” You open to and commune manifesting our preferences, in from growing. Escape from this with Spirit as the ultimate mystery spite of the diff ering likes and predicament requires risking of existence, often via prayer. In dislikes of others? Th is chapter growth beyond where they are. the third person, Spirit is known also investigates another area of Th ere are many valuable aspects as “It,” existent through the growth—“What can I believe is to this detailed chapter. It is fi nely openness of the universe. You true?” Th ere are not many things written in both depth and breadth, see it in the sky, you see it in the about which I can be absolutely yet very understandable. spring as grass grows, and you see convinced. What I can and cannot Chapter 8, “Later Personal it in life, as it develops. Th e author accept as truth is my truth as I see and Transpersonal Identity covers this later, but I think it it. It is existentialism. Development,” discusses higher really needs to be here to do the One must learn about oneself personal development. As most good. through both watching oneself individuals develop, so, too, does Chapter 9, “Interventions and studying one’s actions with

24 ahp PERSPECTIVE AUGUST/SEPTEMBER 2010 REVIEWS Chapter 12, “Gender and to anyone interested in integral Typology in Integral Psychology,” psychotherapy. It is very well- others. When one does this, one deals with gender and ethnicity. It written and succinct in detail. fi nds that one has an ego, or a self, is important to keep in mind that If there is anything that would that can be in charge of what one no type—masculine, feminine, stand out, I would suggest that the does, in spite of others. One will gay, straight, black, white, Latino, author use Wilber’s thought as a fi nd that one’s Id, or the mind Asian, Native American, Buddhist, starting place and then bring out function that feels like eating right Christian, Jewish, or Muslim— his thoughts for or against Wilber’s now, using the restroom right can be “better” or “worse” than thought. I enthusiastically advise now, having sex now, or going to any other category. Th e author everyone to explore this fascinating a party now, is in confl ict with the discusses whether males and book for themselves. Superego. Th e Superego provides females diff er psychologically and our ability to know right from fi nds, as did Wilber, that men are DARYL S. PAULSON, Ph.D., is a wrong actions—we should work more agency-prone than females, scholar-at-large in transpersonal and eight hours a day, watch our eating who are more community-prone. integral studies. He is also President habits, have sex only with our Agency is emphasis on rights and and CEO of BioScience Laboratories, Inc., a medical research facility. Paulson spouse, and so on. Th e problem is justice, and community is focused has taught courses in transpersonal on responsibility and care. Th is that control must be taken by the psychology, psychosynthesis, and Integral ego, instead of having a “knock- chapter is written with care and Psychology. He formerly was a member down, drag-out” fi ght between the concern. of Wilber’s Integral Institute, where Id and the Superego. Chapter 13, “Diversity in Th e chapter also brings us to Integral Psychotherapy,” begins spirituality, as when one fi nds out with a discussion of typology existentially that very little exists as related to diversity and then that we can control. For example, develops these points into we do not know if the Bible is understanding the therapeutic literal or metaphor, and we cannot practices. Interestingly, he employs know what is in store for us in the Shapiro and Austin’s four- future. Th is brings us directly into quadrant control model in this the world of the Spirit. chapter. Th ere exists a struggle Chapter 11, “Spirituality in between an individual’s rights and Integral Psychotherapy,” is a great the collective norms that must be chapter. Th e author discusses acknowledged. Th is is a current a concept I mentioned several issue of rights versus control. Th e chapters earlier. Here, he covers author makes a stand for this quite the fi rst-person, second-person, boldly. he served on the core Integral Business and third-person perspectives Chapter 14, “Development Group. He is the author of six books, of the Integral Psychologist,” is of a spiritual tradition. He goes to wit, Handbook of Regression further, though, and stresses that the important capstone of this Analysis; Applied Statistical spirituality is inherent in personal, book, in that it is critical to apply Designs for the Researcher; internal concerns that can arise intellectual and experiential Caring Business, Competitive at any time in a person’s life. knowledge. Th e author states that Business: An Integral Approach Th ere is childhood, adolescence, there will be more of a signifi cance for the 21st Century; Handbook of adulthood, and elderly spirituality. presence when there is an interplay Topical Antimicrobials: Industrial He covers in depth, in this of stages, states, lines, and types Applications in Consumer Products chapter, spirituality in association taking place inside therapists for and Pharmaceuticals; Handbook of Topical Antimicrobial Testing and with the four quadrants. translation into their relationships Evaluation; and Walking the Point: with clients. Th e author then Interestingly, he discusses near- Male Initiation and the Vietnam death experiences (NDEs) in great expands this to include the four Experience. Paulson is a decorated detail, both positive and negative quadrants. His discussions of this Vietnam veteran who served as a eff ects, and off ers several very good are complete and rigorous. Vietnamese language interpreter with explanations. I heartily recommend this book combat units.

AUGUST/SEPTEMBER 2010 ahp PERSPECTIVE 25 REVIEWS in young couples today requires their story. Th ey said many people some sort of balance in being the look for formulas to maintain leader. One way of looking at this relationships but in their experience SECRETS OF GREAT is the story in Chapter 16, Great the best formula is very simple, “to MARRIAGES: REal Truth Marriages Require Both Partners show up in the moment and tell from Real Couples To Be Teachers and Students. Jack the truth. Only when we are honest about Lasting Love and Beverly have a story that I with ourselves can we be truly By Linda & Charlie Bloom resonated with. Jack was already an intimate with someone we love.” New World Library, 2010, 233 pp. experienced leader in his fi eld when Now that is some good advice no $14.95, ISBN 9781577316787. they met and Beverly was rather matter what. shy yet they immediately began Another great story I read was Reviewed by Karen Castle hosting workshops together. Th ey about a couple who felt they had acknowledge this was challenging more than a marriage because they he title of this book really caught for them but it also “activated some honored their great friendship, my eye. Who doesn’t want valuable . . . learning opportunities too. One would think these would to know the secrets of for them both.” Th ey were forced go hand in hand, but it is not great marriages? Even to take a look at certain aspects always so. In fact, Nancy admits if you are not in a relationship, of themselves and expand upon to needing outside support from itT would be good to know how an opportunity that could easily her friends to take the pressure off married couples stay together. My have gone awry. her marriage. She husband and I have been married Both Jack and realizes that Tom for four years, and each year we are Beverly were able may not always both grateful and amazed that we to learn and grow be able to give her are celebrating another anniversary. from this process. what she needs and I was intrigued by the thought of Being open to that it is essential getting some best-kept secrets of each other and to to get support couples who have been doing it change resulted in from her friends. and are successful. My expectation the best outcome. However, because led me to think the couples would My husband and of this they realized have a wide range of experience I encountered that over the years but all 27 couples interviewed had a similar one of the key been married for thirty-plus years. I circumstance when secrets to having a was intimidated by this at fi rst but we met, and we, deep relationship quickly got over it and began to too, were able was the small read the stories anyway. to iron out our acts of kindness What I discovered was inspiring. diff erences. and courtesy First of all, Charlie and Linda On another note, this couple they extended to each other. She Bloom reassured me that the knew that trust was imperative in says, “we have learned to never majority of married couples today their relationship. Beverly says, underestimate the value of these lack relationship skills. Th e Blooms “I trusted Jack and truly believed small gestures. Some people are learned from interviewing couples he felt the same . . . no matter blessed with great marriages, some that being in a relationship requires how injured we felt at the time have great friendships, [we are knowledge and inner strength that of an upset, we would assume a blessed to] have both.” Reading most of us are not familiar with. misunderstanding had occurred, this helps me to see objectively and Any couple must undergo a process and that our partner’s intention was to respond to my husband with of integration which depends on positive.” Th at kind of information, playful admiration as if he and I the individual personalities and shared from the heart, is what I was were simply friends. circumstance. Even if we think looking for. With a conscious eff ort, Also important in relationships alike, we may not always agree. we too can choose to overcome the is the cycle of giving and receiving In relationships it is common to type of thinking that our partner to each other. Th e Blooms know fi nd that one person is the leader is against us and let go of the that partners who have great and the other is the follower. drama. Beverly and Jack also said a relationships “deeply believe that However, a long-lasting relationship profound statement at the end of in the process of mutual caregiving

26 ahp PERSPECTIVE AUGUST/SEPTEMBER 2010 REVIEWS these stories reassured me that we with a pragmatic and experiential are strong after facing some major introduction to the thoughts of and support, no one needs to keep life-changing adversity. One thing Alan Watts, Chuang Tzu, and score.” Th is fortifi es an environment we like to attest our secret to is Jiddu Krishnamurti. Following of abundant generosity and our morning coff ee conversations. this, Pignatelli introduces concepts kindness. To love unconditionally Every morning we give each other from both quantum physics and and to give unconditionally is what 30 minutes or so to just being science fi ction. Once his readers have families do for each other. My with each other as we start the day. fi nished this innovative perspective, husband and I know that scene all Th e book really helped solidify Pignatelli takes them on a ride too well. We experienced the loss the importance of that, and I very of altered states of consciousness of his son just months after our much appreciate Charlie and Linda ranging from Wilber and Grof’s wedding. I will never forget the Bloom’s time and eff ort along with pre-trans theoretical debate to poetic weeks and months that followed. all the other couples who shared narratives that link mythology, Somehow between the two of us we their great stories and added their philosophy, religion, mysticism, managed to take turns supporting helpful advice to younger couples. and science fi ction with the world of Transpersonal Psychology—a each other. One of us was up while KAREN CASTLE, M.A., studied topic usually ignored by mainstream the other was down, and I noticed Transpersonal Psychology at the scholars. Th e third section concludes how naturally we balanced each Institute for Transpersonal Psychology. with an overview of transpersonal other’s energies from the grieving She off ers Holotropic Breathwork psychology that is enriched with process to bearing witness. workshops and practices Chinese the interface between creativity, Barbara and Larry Dossey share Medicine in St. Petersburg, Florida. philosophy, Indic mythology, about unconditional love and http://www.karencastle.net. support in their relationship, too. science fi ction, religion, and cutting Larry shares about when he was in edge research from quantum Vietnam and then suff ered twenty AWAKENING OF physics, near-death experiences, years of nightmares as a result of INTELLIGENCE and “archetypes of meaning.” Th e it. He never shared any of it with By Diego Pignatelli search for a “unifying symbol” anyone, not even Barbara. One iUniverse, 2010. within the human dimension in a night he was watching a Vietnam society that seems to have lost the movie and had a cathartic, gut- Foreword by Stanley Krippner purpose of archetypal meanings is wrenching experience afterward. explored, concluding that society Larry said he never experienced iego Pignatelli’s has become dissociated from this anything like it before. He knows Awakening of Intelligence deep, inner connection. Th e result he could not have gone through is a riveting book that is a synthesis of various fi elds that that without his wife’s support. explores transpersonal unifi es the meaning of altered states He says, “she hung in there with phenomena from a perspective of consciousness in a way that will me through every moment of my Dthat is crucially needed in a world intrigue and electrify the reader’s experience. . . . going through this that has been ripped apart by intellect. . . . deepened our capacity to be ignorance, fanaticism, and the lack STANLEY KRIPPNER, Ph.D., is present with the suff ering”. Th is of intelligence. Th e book is divided Professor of Psychology at Saybrook is true of any strong relationship. into three sections that begin University, San Francisco, CA, USA. At times it is necessary to just be a witness for each other. Secrets of Great Marriages is a AHP ADVERTISING RATES great book to have around. One can pick it up and quickly read a few NEW: WEB BANNER ADS – $1,500/YEAR. AHPWEB.ORG: 3 million hits/yr. pages. It could be just the story you AHP PERSPECTIVE including AHPWEB ads need to read in a diffi cult moment, Contact: or it could allow you to experience 1/6 PAGE: 4.75” X 2.25” $190 MEMBERS $230 NON-MEMBERS Kathleen Erickson gratitude for the love you share. 1/3 PAGE: 4.75” X 4.75” $360 MEMBERS $400 NON-MEMBERS [email protected] I experienced both aspects, and 1/2 PAGE: 7.25” X 4.75” $475 MEMBERS $525 NON-MEMBERS P. O. Box 1190 Tiburon CA I realized my husband and I are FULL PAGE: 7.25” X 9.75” $785 MEMBERS $850 NON-MEMBERS 94920 (415) 435-1604 doing fi ne. Reading several of Bulletin Board ads $1 per word, min. $50 MEMBERS ONLY fax (415) 435-1654

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28 ahp PERSPECTIVE SEE CALENDAR ON PAGES 4–5 FOR EVENTS/WORKSHOPSAUGUST/SEPTEMBER8/2010 2010