Mundaneum #Reopening
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The Origins of the Underline As Visual Representation of the Hyperlink on the Web: a Case Study in Skeuomorphism
The Origins of the Underline as Visual Representation of the Hyperlink on the Web: A Case Study in Skeuomorphism The Harvard community has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters Citation Romano, John J. 2016. The Origins of the Underline as Visual Representation of the Hyperlink on the Web: A Case Study in Skeuomorphism. Master's thesis, Harvard Extension School. Citable link http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:33797379 Terms of Use This article was downloaded from Harvard University’s DASH repository, and is made available under the terms and conditions applicable to Other Posted Material, as set forth at http:// nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:dash.current.terms-of- use#LAA The Origins of the Underline as Visual Representation of the Hyperlink on the Web: A Case Study in Skeuomorphism John J Romano A Thesis in the Field of Visual Arts for the Degree of Master of Liberal Arts in Extension Studies Harvard University November 2016 Abstract This thesis investigates the process by which the underline came to be used as the default signifier of hyperlinks on the World Wide Web. Created in 1990 by Tim Berners- Lee, the web quickly became the most used hypertext system in the world, and most browsers default to indicating hyperlinks with an underline. To answer the question of why the underline was chosen over competing demarcation techniques, the thesis applies the methods of history of technology and sociology of technology. Before the invention of the web, the underline–also known as the vinculum–was used in many contexts in writing systems; collecting entities together to form a whole and ascribing additional meaning to the content. -
Amber Billey Senylrc 4/1/2016
AMBER BILLEY SENYLRC 4/1/2016 Photo by twm1340 - Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License https://www.flickr.com/photos/89093669@N00 Created with Haiku Deck Today’s slides: http://bit.ly/SENYLRC_BF About me... ● Metadata Librarian ● 10 years of cataloging and digitization experience for cultural heritage institutions ● MLIS from Pratt in 2009 ● Zepheira BIBFRAME alumna ● Curious by nature [email protected] @justbilley Photo by GBokas - Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike License https://www.flickr.com/photos/36724091@N07 Created with Haiku Deck http://digitalgallery.nypl.org/nypldigital/id?1153322 02743cam 22004094a 45000010008000000050017000080080041000250100017000660190014000830200031000970200028001280200 03800156020003500194024001600229035002400245035003900269035001700308040005300325050002200378 08200120040010000300041224500790044225000120052126000510053330000350058449000480061950400640 06675050675007315200735014066500030021416500014021717000023021858300049022089000014022579600 03302271948002902304700839020090428114549.0080822s2009 ctua b 001 0 eng a 2008037446 a236328594 a9781591585862 (alk. paper) a1591585864 (alk. paper) a9781591587002 (pbk. : alk. paper) a159158700X (pbk. : alk. paper) a99932583184 a(OCoLC) ocn236328585 a(OCoLC)236328585z(OCoLC)236328594 a(NNC)7008390 aDLCcDLCdBTCTAdBAKERdYDXCPdUKMdC#PdOrLoB-B00aZ666.5b.T39 200900a0252221 aTaylor, Arlene G., d1941-14aThe organization of information /cArlene G. Taylor and Daniel N. Joudrey. a3rd ed. aWestport, Conn. :bLibraries Unlimited,c2009. axxvi, -
Документ – Книга – Семантический Веб: Вклад Старой Науки О Документации Milena Tsvetkova
Документ – книга – семантический веб: вклад старой науки о документации Milena Tsvetkova To cite this version: Milena Tsvetkova. Документ – книга – семантический веб: вклад старой науки о документации. Scientific Enquiry in the Contemporary World: Theoretical basiсs and innovative approach, 2016,San Francisco, United States. pp.115-128, ⟨10.15350/L_26/7/02⟩. ⟨hal-01687965⟩ HAL Id: hal-01687965 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01687965 Submitted on 31 Jan 2018 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est des- for the deposit and dissemination of scientific re- tinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scien- search documents, whether they are published or not. tifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant The documents may come from teaching and research des établissements d’enseignement et de recherche institutions in France or abroad, or from public or pri- français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou vate research centers. privés. RESEARCH ARTICLES. SOCIOLOGICAL SCIENCES DOCUMENT – BOOK – SEMANTIC WEB: OLD SCIENCE DOCUMENTATION`S CONTRIBUTION M. Tsvetkova1 DOI: http://doi.org/10.15350/L_26/7/02 Abstract The key focus of the research is the contribution of the founder of the documentation science, Paul Otlet, to the evolution of communication technologies and media. Methods used: systematic-mediological approach to research in book studies, documentology, information and communication sciences, retrospective discourse analysis of documents, studies, monographs. The way in which Otlet presents arguments about the document “book” as the base technology of the universal documentation global network is reviewed chronologically. His critical thinking has been established: by expanding the definition of a “book”, he projects its future transformation in descending order – from The Universal Book of Knowledge (Le Livre universel de la Science) through the “thinking machine” (machine à penser), to its breakdown to Biblions, the smallest building blocks of written knowledge. -
Ted Nelson History of Computing
History of Computing Douglas R. Dechow Daniele C. Struppa Editors Intertwingled The Work and Influence of Ted Nelson History of Computing Founding Editor Martin Campbell-Kelly, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK Series Editor Gerard Alberts, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands Advisory Board Jack Copeland, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand Ulf Hashagen, Deutsches Museum, Munich, Germany John V. Tucker, Swansea University, Swansea, UK Jeffrey R. Yost, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA The History of Computing series publishes high-quality books which address the history of computing, with an emphasis on the ‘externalist’ view of this history, more accessible to a wider audience. The series examines content and history from four main quadrants: the history of relevant technologies, the history of the core science, the history of relevant business and economic developments, and the history of computing as it pertains to social history and societal developments. Titles can span a variety of product types, including but not exclusively, themed volumes, biographies, ‘profi le’ books (with brief biographies of a number of key people), expansions of workshop proceedings, general readers, scholarly expositions, titles used as ancillary textbooks, revivals and new editions of previous worthy titles. These books will appeal, varyingly, to academics and students in computer science, history, mathematics, business and technology studies. Some titles will also directly appeal to professionals and practitioners -
The Culture of Wikipedia
Good Faith Collaboration: The Culture of Wikipedia Good Faith Collaboration The Culture of Wikipedia Joseph Michael Reagle Jr. Foreword by Lawrence Lessig The MIT Press, Cambridge, MA. Web edition, Copyright © 2011 by Joseph Michael Reagle Jr. CC-NC-SA 3.0 Purchase at Amazon.com | Barnes and Noble | IndieBound | MIT Press Wikipedia's style of collaborative production has been lauded, lambasted, and satirized. Despite unease over its implications for the character (and quality) of knowledge, Wikipedia has brought us closer than ever to a realization of the centuries-old Author Bio & Research Blog pursuit of a universal encyclopedia. Good Faith Collaboration: The Culture of Wikipedia is a rich ethnographic portrayal of Wikipedia's historical roots, collaborative culture, and much debated legacy. Foreword Preface to the Web Edition Praise for Good Faith Collaboration Preface Extended Table of Contents "Reagle offers a compelling case that Wikipedia's most fascinating and unprecedented aspect isn't the encyclopedia itself — rather, it's the collaborative culture that underpins it: brawling, self-reflexive, funny, serious, and full-tilt committed to the 1. Nazis and Norms project, even if it means setting aside personal differences. Reagle's position as a scholar and a member of the community 2. The Pursuit of the Universal makes him uniquely situated to describe this culture." —Cory Doctorow , Boing Boing Encyclopedia "Reagle provides ample data regarding the everyday practices and cultural norms of the community which collaborates to 3. Good Faith Collaboration produce Wikipedia. His rich research and nuanced appreciation of the complexities of cultural digital media research are 4. The Puzzle of Openness well presented. -
Die Welt in 100 Jahren En
"Everyone will have his own pocket telephone that will enable him to get in touch with anyone he wishes. People living in the Wireless Age will be able to go everywhere with their transceivers, which they will be able to affix wherever they like—to their hat, for instance…" Robert Sloss: The Wireless Century in “The World in 100 Years,” Berlin 1910 The World in 100 Years A Journey through the History of the Future June 16-September 19, 2010 Ars Electronica Center Linz (Linz, June 16, 2010) Our longing to know the future is timeless. Just like our burning desire to co-determine and change the course of events transpiring in this world. The exhibition “The World in 100 Years – A Journey through the History of the Future” pays tribute to some great thinkers and activists who were ahead of their times, men and women who have displayed creativity, courage and resourcefulness in their commitment to a vision of the future. We begin by presenting Albert Robida (FR) and Paul Otlet (BE), two prominent visionaries of the late 19 th and early 20 th centuries. Then we shift the spotlight to contemporary artists and scientists and their NEXT IDEAS. “The World in 100 Years” will run from June 16 to September 19, 2010 at the Ars Electronica Center Linz. “Conquer interplanetary space; free humankind from the earthly bonds that have kept aerial navigation within our own atmosphere; colonize the Moon and then communicate with the other planets, our sisters in this cosmic void … This will be humanity’s next quest, bequeathed to our descendents of the twenty-first century!” Albert Robida: “Le Vingtième Siècle,” Paris 1883 Albert Robida and Paul Otlet, or: The Future in Now Buildings that rotate to follow the sun, weather machines, artificial islands in the oceans, venturing into outer space, the universal library—amazingly, all of these up-to-the-minute ideas were elements of futuristic visions by Albert Robida (FR) and Paul Otlet (BE). -
Forgotten Prophet of the Internet Philip Ball Ponders the Tale of a Librarian Who Dreamed of Networking Information
BOOKS & ARTS COMMENT INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY Forgotten prophet of the Internet Philip Ball ponders the tale of a librarian who dreamed of networking information. he Internet is considered establish the league in Geneva, in neu- a key achievement of the tral Switzerland, rather than Brussels. computer age. But as for- But their objective was much more Tmer New York Times staffer Alex grandiose, utopian and strange. Wright shows in the meticulously Progressive thinkers such as researched Cataloging the World, H. G. Wells (whom Otlet read) desired BELGIUM MUNDANEUM, the concept predates digital tech- world government in the interwar nology. In the late nineteenth cen- period, but Otlet’s plans often seemed tury, Belgian librarian Paul Otlet detached from mundane realities. conceived schemes to collect, store, They veered into mystical notions of automatically retrieve and remotely transcendence of the human spirit, distribute all human knowledge. influenced by theosophy, and Otlet His ideas have clear analogies with seems to have imagined that learn- information archiving and net- ing could be transmitted not only by working on the web. Wright makes careful study of documents but by a a persuasive case that Otlet — now symbolic visual language in posters largely forgotten —deserves to and displays. In the late 1920s, he and be ranked among the conceptual architect Le Corbusier devised a plan inventors of the Internet. to realize the Mundaneum as a build- Wright locates Otlet’s work in a ing complex full of sacred symbolism, broader narrative about collation as much temple as library. Wright and cataloguing of information. overlooks the real heritage of these Compendia of knowledge date back ideas: Otlet’s predecessor here was at least to Pliny the Elder’s Natural Paul Otlet’s Mondothèque workstation. -
From World Brain to the World Wide Web Transcript
From World Brain to the World Wide Web Transcript Date: Thursday, 9 November 2006 - 12:00AM FROM THE WORLD BRAIN TO THE WORLDWIDE WEB Martin Campbell-Kelly, Warwick University Annual Gresham College BSHM Lecture Introduction There are quite a number of published histories of the Internet and the World Wide Web. Typically these histories portray the Internet as a revolutionary development of the late 20th century—perhaps with distant roots that date back to the early 1960s. In one sense this is an apt characterization. The Internet is absolutely a creation of the computer age. But we should not think of the Internet just as a revolutionary development. It is also an evolutionary development in the dissemination of information. In that sense the Internet is simply the latest chapter of a history that can be traced back to the Library of Alexandria or the printing press of William Caxton. In this lecture I will not be going back to the Library of Alexandria or the printing press of William Caxton. Instead I will focus on the contributions of three individuals who envisioned something very like the Internet and the World Wide Web, long before the Internet became a technical possibility. These three individuals each set an agenda. They put forward a vision of what the dissemination of information might become, when the world had developed the technology and was willing to pay for it. Since the World Wide Web became established in 1991 thousands of inventers and entrepreneurs have changed the way in which many of us conduct our daily lives. -
Scientific Print and Its Problems During the Late Nineteenth Century
Hist. Sci., xlviii (2010) SERIALITY AND THE SEARCH FOR ORDER: SCIENTIFIC PRINT AND ITS PROBLEMS DURING THE LATE NINETEENTH CENTURY Alex Csiszar Harvard University “I have been hunting every where in vain for Godron”, reported Joseph Dalton Hooker to Charles Darwin in March 1855, “I shall not rest till I have ferretted it out”. Hooker was referring not to a person, nor to a plant specimen that might have been in the Herbarium at Kew Gardens, but to a mislaid text.1 Darwin had sought Hooker’s guidance after stumbling on a footnote in a collection of botanical memoirs; it referred to a work called “De l’espèce et des races” by someone named Godron. Such a title alone might have been enough to attract his attention, but the footnote also implied that this work reported on several instances of variations in pear seeds derived from a single parent. Darwin had become intrigued; having worked out a great deal of his theory of natural selection by 1855, he was keen not only to gather more evidence, but also to gauge the progress of scientific opinion on the variation of species in general, especially as he looked forward to begin drafting his “species book”. Darwin jotted down the title in his “Books to be Read” notebook. But before he could read it, Darwin would need to findit. 2 The techniques and tools scientists have used to seek out and sort scientific informa- tion in print comprise a significant, though largely unexplored, domain of practice for historians of modern science. The methods used by Darwin and his contemporaries for locating relevant print sources were — as they would continue to be — varied, complex, and often serendipitous; they might sometimes involve consulting indexes and catalogues, but they also included trawling the contents of serials and titles of monographs on the shelves of personal and institutional libraries, following the trail of footnotes and lists of references, and (perhaps most importantly) corresponding with colleagues, booksellers, and friends for guidance, new leads, and off-the-cuff reviews. -
'Documentation': Contribution of Paul Otlet and He
Journal of the University Librarians Association of Sri Lanka, Vol.17, Issue 2, July 2013 Evolution of the Bibliographic Control Systems and Genesis of the Concept ‘Documentation’: Contribution of Paul Otlet and Henry la Fontaine in 19th C. Seneviratne, Wathmanel1 Abstract The paper covers a review of evidence existing for documentation systems followed in the pre Christian literary history and during the 19th C. A special attention was given to the evidence of a most comprehensive cataloguing system followed in the Alexandrian library ‘the pinakes’ which had a great impact to cataloguing, indexing and documentation tradition thereafter. Even though the concept ‘documentation’ was not introduced at that time during the 1st century to date, many attempts were made to capture the knowledge by scientists, priests, publishers and librarians especially after the printing technology was introduced in 16th C. A special attention was paid to the most versatile and systematic documentation system designed and carried out in 19thC by two visionaries, Paul Otlet and Henry la Fontaine who were creators of the concept ‘documentation’. Evidence for this effort still exists in a card based archive in Belgium and its vision and design is now identified by computer scientists as the base structure of the World Wide Web and the base architecture of modern computer networks and search engines. The article provides a brief review of the structure and history of the bibliographic repertory of 18 million index cards. Keywords: Documentation systems, Documentation history, Indexing systems, Mundaneum, Paul Otlet, Henry la Fontaine Introduction Capturing knowledge had been an issue for the mankind throughout the history and the same question emerge in the modern world in different angles of knowledge explosion especially with emerging technologies. -
The Dark Side of Social Media Alarm Bells, Analysis and the Way Out
The Dark Side of Social Media Alarm bells, analysis and the way out Sander Duivestein & Jaap Bloem Vision | Inspiration | Navigation | Trends [email protected] II Contents 1 The Dark Side of Social Media: r.lassche01 > flickr.com Image: a reality becoming more topical by the day 1 Contents PART I ALARM BELLS 7 2 2012, a bumper year for social media 7 3 Two kinds of Social Media Deficits 9 4 Addiction in the Attention Deficit Economy 10 PART II ANALYSIS 12 5 Ten jet-black consequences for Homo Digitalis Mobilis 12 6 Social media a danger to cyber security 20 7 The macro-economic Social Media Deficit 21 8 How did it get this far? 22 PART III THE WAY OUT 25 9 Dumbing-down anxiety 25 10 Basic prescription: social is the new capital 27 11 The Age of Context is coming 28 12 SlowTech should really be the norm 30 13 The Slow Web movement 31 14 Responsible for our own behavior 33 References 35 Justification iv Thanks iv This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial Share Alike 3.0 Unported (cc by-nc-sa 3.0) license. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by-nc-sa/3.0/legalcode or send a letter to Creative Commons, 543 Howard Street, 5th floor, San Francisco, California, 94105, usa. The authors, editors and publisher have taken care in the preparation of this book, but make no expressed or implied warranty of any kind and assume no responsibility for errors or omissions. -
The KWIC and the Dead: a Lesson in Computing History
THE PROFESSION basic idea of which is a provision whereby any item may be caused at will to select The KWIC and the immediately and automatically another.” The memex plainly foreshadowed BT’s patent, which presumably would not have been granted if the “inventor” or patent Dead: A Lesson in examiner had read Bush’s article. That article was neither obscurely published nor ignored. It inspired many develop- ments, such as Theodore Nelson’s early Computing History Project Xanadu (http://www.xanadu. net/), which in turn inspired Tim Berners- Lee’s World Wide Web. Neville Holmes, University of Tasmania CUMULATIVE INNOVATION We cannot use the hyperlinks in memex documents, or in the items stored on the culture can be defined as “the 4,873,662—which grants a monopoly Web, without a mechanism for moving sum total of ways of living built until 2006—to seek license fees from from item to item along a trail of links, up by a group of human beings, Internet service providers in the US. and they are of only limited use without a A which is transmitted from one Hyperlinks, included in the body of means of sharing trails and their items. generation to another” (The electromagnetically encoded documents, Bush envisaged making microfilm Macquarie Dictionary, The Macquarie refer to other electromagnetically en- updateable in situ through dry photogra- Library Pty. Ltd., Macquarie University, Australia, 1997). In this sense, a profes- sion is a culture, or at least a subculture, Ideas published decades ago defined by its purpose and responsibilities. may suggest solutions to some To fulfill that purpose better, the profes- sion should cultivate its history.