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Документ – Книга – Семантический Веб: Вклад Старой Науки О Документации Milena Tsvetkova
Документ – книга – семантический веб: вклад старой науки о документации Milena Tsvetkova To cite this version: Milena Tsvetkova. Документ – книга – семантический веб: вклад старой науки о документации. Scientific Enquiry in the Contemporary World: Theoretical basiсs and innovative approach, 2016,San Francisco, United States. pp.115-128, ⟨10.15350/L_26/7/02⟩. ⟨hal-01687965⟩ HAL Id: hal-01687965 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01687965 Submitted on 31 Jan 2018 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est des- for the deposit and dissemination of scientific re- tinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scien- search documents, whether they are published or not. tifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant The documents may come from teaching and research des établissements d’enseignement et de recherche institutions in France or abroad, or from public or pri- français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou vate research centers. privés. RESEARCH ARTICLES. SOCIOLOGICAL SCIENCES DOCUMENT – BOOK – SEMANTIC WEB: OLD SCIENCE DOCUMENTATION`S CONTRIBUTION M. Tsvetkova1 DOI: http://doi.org/10.15350/L_26/7/02 Abstract The key focus of the research is the contribution of the founder of the documentation science, Paul Otlet, to the evolution of communication technologies and media. Methods used: systematic-mediological approach to research in book studies, documentology, information and communication sciences, retrospective discourse analysis of documents, studies, monographs. The way in which Otlet presents arguments about the document “book” as the base technology of the universal documentation global network is reviewed chronologically. His critical thinking has been established: by expanding the definition of a “book”, he projects its future transformation in descending order – from The Universal Book of Knowledge (Le Livre universel de la Science) through the “thinking machine” (machine à penser), to its breakdown to Biblions, the smallest building blocks of written knowledge. -
Download; (2) the Appropriate Log-In and Password to Access the Server; and (3) Where on the Server (I.E., in What Folder) the File Was Kept
AN ALCTS MONOGRAPH LINKED DATA FOR THE PERPLEXED LIBRARIAN SCOTT CARLSON CORY LAMPERT DARNELLE MELVIN AND ANNE WASHINGTON chicago | 2020 alastore.ala.org © 2020 by the American Library Association Extensive effort has gone into ensuring the reliability of the information in this book; however, the publisher makes no warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein. ISBNs 978-0-8389-4746-3 (paper) 978-0-8389-4712-8 (PDF) 978-0-8389-4710-4 (ePub) 978-0-8389-4711-1 (Kindle) Library of Congress Control Number: 2019053975 Cover design by Alejandra Diaz. Text composition by Dianne M. Rooney in the Adobe Caslon Pro and Archer typefaces. This paper meets the requirements of ANSI/NISO Z39.48–1992 (Permanence of Paper). Printed in the United States of America 23 24 22 21 20 5 4 3 2 1 alastore.ala.org CONTENTS Acknowledgments vii Introduction ix One Enquire Within upon Everything 1 The Origins of Linked Data Two Unfunky and Obsolete 17 From MARC to RDF Three Mothership Connections 39 URIs and Serializations Four What Is a Thing? 61 Ontologies and Linked Data Five Once upon a Time Called Now 77 Real-World Examples of Linked Data Six Tear the Roof off the Sucker 105 Linked Library Data Seven Freaky and Habit-Forming 121 Linked Data Projects That Even Librarians Can Mess Around With EPILOGUE The Unprovable Pudding: Where Is Linked Data in Everyday Library Life? 139 Bibliography 143 Glossary 149 Figure Credits 153 About the Authors 155 Index 157 alastore.ala.orgv INTRODUCTION ince the mid-2000s, the greater GLAM (galleries, libraries, archives, and museums) community has proved itself to be a natural facilitator S of the idea of linked data—that is, a large collection of datasets on the Internet that is structured so that both humans and computers can understand it. -
Preparing for a Linked Data Approach to Name Authority Control in an Institutional Repository Context
Title Assessing author identifiers: preparing for a linked data approach to name authority control in an institutional repository context Author details Corresponding author: Moira Downey, Digital Repository Content Analyst, Duke University ([email protected] ; 919 660 2409; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6238-4690) 1 Abstract Linked data solutions for name authority control in digital libraries are an area of growing interest, particularly among institutional repositories (IRs). This article first considers the shift from traditional authority files to author identifiers, highlighting some of the challenges and possibilities. An analysis of author name strings in Duke University's open access repository, DukeSpace, is conducted in order to identify a suitable source of author URIs for Duke's newly launched repository for research data. Does one of three prominent international authority sources—LCNAF, VIAF, and ORCID—demonstrate the most comprehensive uptake? Finally, recommendations surrounding a technical approach to leveraging author URIs at Duke are briefly considered. Keywords Name authority control, Authority files, Author identifiers, Linked data, Institutional repositories 2 Introduction Linked data has increasingly been looked upon as an encouraging model for storing metadata about digital objects in the libraries, archives and museums that constitute the cultural heritage sector. Writing in 2010, Coyle draws a connection between the affordances of linked data and the evolution of what she refers to as "bibliographic control," that is, "the organization of library materials to facilitate discovery, management, identification, and access" (2010, p. 7). Coyle notes the encouragement of the Working Group on the Future of Bibliographic Control to think beyond the library catalog when considering avenues by which users seek and encounter information, as well as the group's observation that the future of bibliographic control will be "collaborative, decentralized, international in scope, and Web- based" (2010, p. -
Die Welt in 100 Jahren En
"Everyone will have his own pocket telephone that will enable him to get in touch with anyone he wishes. People living in the Wireless Age will be able to go everywhere with their transceivers, which they will be able to affix wherever they like—to their hat, for instance…" Robert Sloss: The Wireless Century in “The World in 100 Years,” Berlin 1910 The World in 100 Years A Journey through the History of the Future June 16-September 19, 2010 Ars Electronica Center Linz (Linz, June 16, 2010) Our longing to know the future is timeless. Just like our burning desire to co-determine and change the course of events transpiring in this world. The exhibition “The World in 100 Years – A Journey through the History of the Future” pays tribute to some great thinkers and activists who were ahead of their times, men and women who have displayed creativity, courage and resourcefulness in their commitment to a vision of the future. We begin by presenting Albert Robida (FR) and Paul Otlet (BE), two prominent visionaries of the late 19 th and early 20 th centuries. Then we shift the spotlight to contemporary artists and scientists and their NEXT IDEAS. “The World in 100 Years” will run from June 16 to September 19, 2010 at the Ars Electronica Center Linz. “Conquer interplanetary space; free humankind from the earthly bonds that have kept aerial navigation within our own atmosphere; colonize the Moon and then communicate with the other planets, our sisters in this cosmic void … This will be humanity’s next quest, bequeathed to our descendents of the twenty-first century!” Albert Robida: “Le Vingtième Siècle,” Paris 1883 Albert Robida and Paul Otlet, or: The Future in Now Buildings that rotate to follow the sun, weather machines, artificial islands in the oceans, venturing into outer space, the universal library—amazingly, all of these up-to-the-minute ideas were elements of futuristic visions by Albert Robida (FR) and Paul Otlet (BE). -
Forgotten Prophet of the Internet Philip Ball Ponders the Tale of a Librarian Who Dreamed of Networking Information
BOOKS & ARTS COMMENT INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY Forgotten prophet of the Internet Philip Ball ponders the tale of a librarian who dreamed of networking information. he Internet is considered establish the league in Geneva, in neu- a key achievement of the tral Switzerland, rather than Brussels. computer age. But as for- But their objective was much more Tmer New York Times staffer Alex grandiose, utopian and strange. Wright shows in the meticulously Progressive thinkers such as researched Cataloging the World, H. G. Wells (whom Otlet read) desired BELGIUM MUNDANEUM, the concept predates digital tech- world government in the interwar nology. In the late nineteenth cen- period, but Otlet’s plans often seemed tury, Belgian librarian Paul Otlet detached from mundane realities. conceived schemes to collect, store, They veered into mystical notions of automatically retrieve and remotely transcendence of the human spirit, distribute all human knowledge. influenced by theosophy, and Otlet His ideas have clear analogies with seems to have imagined that learn- information archiving and net- ing could be transmitted not only by working on the web. Wright makes careful study of documents but by a a persuasive case that Otlet — now symbolic visual language in posters largely forgotten —deserves to and displays. In the late 1920s, he and be ranked among the conceptual architect Le Corbusier devised a plan inventors of the Internet. to realize the Mundaneum as a build- Wright locates Otlet’s work in a ing complex full of sacred symbolism, broader narrative about collation as much temple as library. Wright and cataloguing of information. overlooks the real heritage of these Compendia of knowledge date back ideas: Otlet’s predecessor here was at least to Pliny the Elder’s Natural Paul Otlet’s Mondothèque workstation. -
Scripts, Languages, and Authority Control Joan M
49(4) LRTS 243 Scripts, Languages, and Authority Control Joan M. Aliprand Library vendors’ use of Unicode is leading to library systems with multiscript capability, which offers the prospect of multiscript authority records. Although librarians tend to focus on Unicode in relation to non-Roman scripts, language is a more important feature of authority records than script. The concept of a catalog “locale” (of which language is one aspect) is introduced. Restrictions on the structure and content of a MARC 21 authority record are outlined, and the alternative structures for authority records containing languages written in non- Roman scripts are described. he Unicode Standard is the universal encoding standard for all the charac- Tters used in writing the world’s languages.1 The availability of library systems based on Unicode offers the prospect of library records not only in all languages but also in all the scripts that a particular system supports. While such a system will be used primarily to create and provide access to bibliographic records in their actual scripts, it can also be used to create authority records for the library, perhaps for contribution to communal authority files. A number of general design issues apply to authority records in multiple languages and scripts, design issues that affect not just the key hubs of communal authority files, but any institution or organization involved with authority control. Multiple scripts in library systems became available in the 1980s in the Research Libraries Information Network (RLIN) with the addition of Chinese, Japanese, and Korean (CJK) capability, and in ALEPH (Israel’s research library network), which initially provided Latin and Hebrew scripts and later Arabic, Cyrillic, and Greek.2 The Library of Congress continued to produce catalog cards for material in the JACKPHY (Japanese, Arabic, Chinese, Korean, Persian, Hebrew, and Yiddish) languages until all of the scripts used to write these languages were supported by an automated system. -
There Are No Limits to Learning! Academic and High School
Brick and Click Libraries An Academic Library Symposium Northwest Missouri State University Friday, November 5, 2010 Managing Editors: Frank Baudino Connie Jo Ury Sarah G. Park Co-Editor: Carolyn Johnson Vicki Wainscott Pat Wyatt Technical Editor: Kathy Ferguson Cover Design: Sean Callahan Northwest Missouri State University Maryville, Missouri Brick & Click Libraries Team Director of Libraries: Leslie Galbreath Co-Coordinators: Carolyn Johnson and Kathy Ferguson Executive Secretary & Check-in Assistant: Beverly Ruckman Proposal Reviewers: Frank Baudino, Sara Duff, Kathy Ferguson, Hong Gyu Han, Lisa Jennings, Carolyn Johnson, Sarah G. Park, Connie Jo Ury, Vicki Wainscott and Pat Wyatt Technology Coordinators: Sarah G. Park and Hong Gyu Han Union & Food Coordinator: Pat Wyatt Web Page Editors: Lori Mardis, Sarah G. Park and Vicki Wainscott Graphic Designer: Sean Callahan Table of Contents Quick & Dirty Library Promotions That Really Work! 1 Eric Jennings, Reference & Instruction Librarian Kathryn Tvaruzka, Education Reference Librarian University of Wisconsin Leveraging Technology, Improving Service: Streamlining Student Billing Procedures 2 Colleen S. Harris, Head of Access Services University of Tennessee – Chattanooga Powerful Partnerships & Great Opportunities: Promoting Archival Resources and Optimizing Outreach to Public and K12 Community 8 Lea Worcester, Public Services Librarian Evelyn Barker, Instruction & Information Literacy Librarian University of Texas at Arlington Mobile Patrons: Better Services on the Go 12 Vincci Kwong, -
Scientific Print and Its Problems During the Late Nineteenth Century
Hist. Sci., xlviii (2010) SERIALITY AND THE SEARCH FOR ORDER: SCIENTIFIC PRINT AND ITS PROBLEMS DURING THE LATE NINETEENTH CENTURY Alex Csiszar Harvard University “I have been hunting every where in vain for Godron”, reported Joseph Dalton Hooker to Charles Darwin in March 1855, “I shall not rest till I have ferretted it out”. Hooker was referring not to a person, nor to a plant specimen that might have been in the Herbarium at Kew Gardens, but to a mislaid text.1 Darwin had sought Hooker’s guidance after stumbling on a footnote in a collection of botanical memoirs; it referred to a work called “De l’espèce et des races” by someone named Godron. Such a title alone might have been enough to attract his attention, but the footnote also implied that this work reported on several instances of variations in pear seeds derived from a single parent. Darwin had become intrigued; having worked out a great deal of his theory of natural selection by 1855, he was keen not only to gather more evidence, but also to gauge the progress of scientific opinion on the variation of species in general, especially as he looked forward to begin drafting his “species book”. Darwin jotted down the title in his “Books to be Read” notebook. But before he could read it, Darwin would need to findit. 2 The techniques and tools scientists have used to seek out and sort scientific informa- tion in print comprise a significant, though largely unexplored, domain of practice for historians of modern science. The methods used by Darwin and his contemporaries for locating relevant print sources were — as they would continue to be — varied, complex, and often serendipitous; they might sometimes involve consulting indexes and catalogues, but they also included trawling the contents of serials and titles of monographs on the shelves of personal and institutional libraries, following the trail of footnotes and lists of references, and (perhaps most importantly) corresponding with colleagues, booksellers, and friends for guidance, new leads, and off-the-cuff reviews. -
'Documentation': Contribution of Paul Otlet and He
Journal of the University Librarians Association of Sri Lanka, Vol.17, Issue 2, July 2013 Evolution of the Bibliographic Control Systems and Genesis of the Concept ‘Documentation’: Contribution of Paul Otlet and Henry la Fontaine in 19th C. Seneviratne, Wathmanel1 Abstract The paper covers a review of evidence existing for documentation systems followed in the pre Christian literary history and during the 19th C. A special attention was given to the evidence of a most comprehensive cataloguing system followed in the Alexandrian library ‘the pinakes’ which had a great impact to cataloguing, indexing and documentation tradition thereafter. Even though the concept ‘documentation’ was not introduced at that time during the 1st century to date, many attempts were made to capture the knowledge by scientists, priests, publishers and librarians especially after the printing technology was introduced in 16th C. A special attention was paid to the most versatile and systematic documentation system designed and carried out in 19thC by two visionaries, Paul Otlet and Henry la Fontaine who were creators of the concept ‘documentation’. Evidence for this effort still exists in a card based archive in Belgium and its vision and design is now identified by computer scientists as the base structure of the World Wide Web and the base architecture of modern computer networks and search engines. The article provides a brief review of the structure and history of the bibliographic repertory of 18 million index cards. Keywords: Documentation systems, Documentation history, Indexing systems, Mundaneum, Paul Otlet, Henry la Fontaine Introduction Capturing knowledge had been an issue for the mankind throughout the history and the same question emerge in the modern world in different angles of knowledge explosion especially with emerging technologies. -
The Dark Side of Social Media Alarm Bells, Analysis and the Way Out
The Dark Side of Social Media Alarm bells, analysis and the way out Sander Duivestein & Jaap Bloem Vision | Inspiration | Navigation | Trends [email protected] II Contents 1 The Dark Side of Social Media: r.lassche01 > flickr.com Image: a reality becoming more topical by the day 1 Contents PART I ALARM BELLS 7 2 2012, a bumper year for social media 7 3 Two kinds of Social Media Deficits 9 4 Addiction in the Attention Deficit Economy 10 PART II ANALYSIS 12 5 Ten jet-black consequences for Homo Digitalis Mobilis 12 6 Social media a danger to cyber security 20 7 The macro-economic Social Media Deficit 21 8 How did it get this far? 22 PART III THE WAY OUT 25 9 Dumbing-down anxiety 25 10 Basic prescription: social is the new capital 27 11 The Age of Context is coming 28 12 SlowTech should really be the norm 30 13 The Slow Web movement 31 14 Responsible for our own behavior 33 References 35 Justification iv Thanks iv This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial Share Alike 3.0 Unported (cc by-nc-sa 3.0) license. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by-nc-sa/3.0/legalcode or send a letter to Creative Commons, 543 Howard Street, 5th floor, San Francisco, California, 94105, usa. The authors, editors and publisher have taken care in the preparation of this book, but make no expressed or implied warranty of any kind and assume no responsibility for errors or omissions. -
What Are Controlled Vocabularies?
2. What Are Controlled Vocabularies? A controlled vocabulary is an organized arrangement of words and phrases used to index content and/or to retrieve content through browsing or searching. It typically includes preferred and variant terms and has a defined scope or describes a specific domain. 2.1. Purpose of Controlled Vocabularies The purpose of controlled vocabularies is to organize information and to provide terminology to catalog and retrieve information. While capturing the richness of variant terms, controlled vocabularies also promote consistency in preferred terms and the assignment of the same terms to similar content. Given that a shared goal of the cultural heritage community is to improve access to visual arts and material culture information, controlled vocabularies are essential. They are necessary at the indexing phase because without them catalogers will not consistently use the same term to refer to the same person, place, or thing. In the retrieval process, various end users may use different synonyms or more generic terms to refer to a given concept. End users are often not specialists and thus need to be guided because they may not know the correct term. The most important functions of a controlled vocabulary are to gather together variant terms and synonyms for concepts and to link concepts in a logical order or sort them into categories. Are a rose window and a Catherine wheel the same thing? How is pot-metal glass related to the more general term stained glass? The links and relationships in a controlled vocabulary ensure that these connections are defined and maintained, for both cataloging and retrieval. -
Useful Links
Useful links Authority control: a basic glossary of terms http://ublib.buffalo.edu/libraries/units/cts/ac/def.html A basic glossary of terms on authority control compiled from various sources AUTOCAT http://www.cwu.edu/~dcc/Autocat/subscribe.html AUTOCAT is a semi-moderated international electronic discussion list. It serves as an electronic forum for the discussion of all questions relating to cataloguing and authority control in libraries. Data Dictionary for Preservation Metadata: Final Report of the PREMIS (PREservation Metadata: Implementation Strategies) Working Group http://www.oclc.org/research/projects/pmwg/premis-final.pdf This publication includes the PREMIS Working Group Final Report, the Data Dictionary, and Examples. The report and the PREMIS Data Dictionary version 1.0 are the culmination of nearly two years of effort by PREMIS members. This Data Dictionary defines and describes an implementable set of core preservation metadata with broad applicability to digital preservation repositories. This report is intended to put the Data Dictionary into context, explain the underlying assumptions and data model, and provide additional information about the meaning and use of semantic units defined in the Data Dictionary. Dewey Decimal Classification (DDC) http://www.oclc.org/dewey/ The Dewey Decimal Classification (DDC) system, devised by library pioneer Melvil Dewey in the 1870s and owned by OCLC since 1988, provides a dynamic structure for the organization of library collections. Now in its 22nd edition, and available in print and Web versions, the DDC is the world’s most widely used library classification system. The DDC provides a logical system for organizing every item in your library’s unique collection, offer library users familiarity and consistency of a time-honoured classification system used in 200,000 libraries worldwide.