On Cores and Coalitions in the European Union The Position of Some Smaller Member States Alfred Pijpers (ed.) December 2000 Desk top publishing: Kitty l’Ami, Birgit Leiteritz Netherlands Institute of International Relations ‘Clingendael’ Clingendael 7 2597 VH The Hague Telephone: xx-31-70-3245384 Telefax: xx-31-70-3746667 P.O. Box 93080 2509 AB The Hague E-mail:
[email protected] Website: http://www.clingendael.nl © Netherlands Institute of International Relations Clingendael. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the copyrightholders. Clingendael Institute, P.O. Box 93080, 2509 AB The Hague, The Netherlands © Clingendael Institute 3 Contents 1 Editor’s Introduction 5 Part I Inner and Outer Circles 2 Berlin-Paris-London, Steven Everts 15 3 The case for a ‘Directorate’ in the CESDP, Stephan Keukeleire 33 4 Core and Periphery in European Security, Paul Luif 59 5 Inner and Outer Circles in Economic and Monetary Cooperation, 75 Iain Begg and Dermot Hodson Part II The Position of Some Smaller States 6 New Allies for Spain?, Felipe Basabe Lloréns 99 7 Inside and Outside Nordic Cooperatio, Gunilla Herolf 121 8 The Special Case of Denmark, Niels-Jørgen Nehring 141 9 Relaunch of the Benelux?, Danielle Bossaert and Sophie 157 Vanhoonacker 10 Afterthought and Perspective, Alfred Pijpers 171 Contributors 181 4 © Clingendael Institute © Clingendael Institute 5 1 Editor’s Introduction With the opening of the Intergovernmental Conference (IGC) on 14 February 2000 in Brussels, the thinking on the institutional future of the European Union’s reform again gained momentum, not only in the proper framework of the IGC, but also, and perhaps more importantly, in the media and capitals of Europe.