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Downloaded for Personal Non‐Commercial Research Or Study, Without Prior Permission Or Charge Kim, Soung‐U. Sebastian (2018) Finiteness in Jejuan adverbial clauses : a canonical typology approach. PhD thesis. SOAS University of London. http://eprints.soas.ac.uk/30889 Copyright © and Moral Rights for this thesis are retained by the author and/or other copyright owners. A copy can be downloaded for personal non‐commercial research or study, without prior permission or charge. This thesis cannot be reproduced or quoted extensively from without first obtaining permission in writing from the copyright holder/s. The content must not be changed in any way or sold commercially in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders. When referring to this thesis, full bibliographic details including the author, title, awarding institution and date of the thesis must be given e.g. AUTHOR (year of submission) "Full thesis title", name of the School or Department, PhD Thesis, pagination. Finiteness in Jejuan Adverbial Clauses a Canonical Typology Approach Soung-U Sebastian Kim Thesis submitted for the degree of PhD 2018 Department of Linguistics SOAS, University of London Declaration for SOAS PhD thesis I have read and understood Regulation 21 of the General and Admissions Regu- lations for students of the SOAS, University of London concerning plagiarism. I undertake that all the material presented for examination is my own work and has not been written for me, in whole or in part, by any other person. I also undertake that any quotation or paraphrase from the published or unpublished work of another person has been duly acknowledged in the work which I present for examination. Signed: Date: Soung-U S. Kim Kim S.-U (2018): Finiteness in Jejuan adverbial clauses 2 Finiteness in Jejuan Adverbial Clauses a Canonical Typology approach Soung-U Kim Abstract In this thesis, I examine morphological, syntactic and semantic finiteness prop- erties of a selected set of converbal, adverbial clauses in Jejuan (Koreanic, South Korea), following a Canonical Typology approach. This typological framework relies on the construction of a so-called Canonical Ideal that is the logical con- vergence of all criteria defining a certain concept. Thus on the basis of finiteness criteria, I build an ideal of a canonically finite clause, which the individual prop- erties of a particular Jejuan adverbial clause are compared to. In this way, I situate Jejuan adverbial clauses in the typological space of Canonical Finiteness. This ensures cross-linguistic comparability through a rigorous application of this concept to a particular language. Drawing on elicited and spontaneous language data, this study shows that the finiteness properties of Jejuan adverbial clauses are not uniform, and bundle into larger patterns only to a limited extent: one can identify a class of ‘canoni- cally non-finite’ clauses, yet most clause types do not group into larger classesof finiteness properties. On the one hand, no adverbial clause ever confirms with the canonical ideal in the entirety of its properties, meaning that they are in fact non-finite at least in some respect. On the other hand, a particular clausetype may be more canonically finite on the morphological level, yet less so onthe syntactic or semantic level, and vice versa. As a conclusion, the findings support current tendencies in the theoretical lit- erature which suggest that neither a binary, nor a gradual theorisation on finite- ness provide satisfactory accounts: in fact, the Jejuan results ask for an exam- ination under a multi-dimensional angle which allows for various mismatches between different linguistic domains. Given this, I argue that the Canonical Ty- pology model is a welcome framework that can capture the diversity of cross- linguistic finiteness manifestations in a rigorous, yet multi-faceted manner, en- abling the comparison of different languages in a principled way. Kim S.-U (2018): Finiteness in Jejuan adverbial clauses 3 Contents Acknowledgements 11 Transliteration conventions 15 List of abbreviations 16 1. Introduction: Finiteness in Jejuan adverbial clauses 18 1.1. The multidimensionality of clause linkage .............. 22 1.2. Finiteness and cross-linguistic manifestations ............ 24 1.3. Research questions: Finiteness in adverbial clause linkage ..... 27 1.4. Jejuan: language and society ..................... 30 1.4.1. The sociolinguistic context of Jejuan ............. 30 1.4.2. Basic grammatical features of Jejuan ............. 38 1.5. Methodology and methods of data collection ............ 43 1.6. General remarks and thesis overview ................. 49 1.6.1. Overview of thesis content ................... 51 2. Approaches to clause linkage 53 2.1. On the notion of a clause ....................... 53 2.2. Traditional approaches to clause linkage: coordination and subor- dination ................................. 57 2.3. Embedding and dependency as discrete parameters: Clause-chaining constructions .............................. 59 2.4. Clause linkage as a multidimensional notion ............. 63 2.4.1. Haiman and Thompson’s multidimensional understanding . 63 2.4.2. Lehmann’s parametric typology ................ 65 2.4.3. Bickel’s multivariate approach ................ 68 2.5. Clause linkage in Koreanic linguistics ................. 81 2.6. Chapter conclusion ........................... 88 3. Finiteness and Canonical Typology 89 3.1. Finiteness ................................ 90 3.1.1. Finiteness as a notion in generative frameworks ....... 91 Kim S.-U (2018): Finiteness in Jejuan adverbial clauses 4 Contents 3.1.2. Finiteness in functional approaches .............. 101 3.2. Typological methodology and cross-linguistic comparability .... 104 3.3. Canonical Typology .......................... 107 3.3.1. Key steps and terms of the canonical method ........ 110 3.3.2. Design principles of Canonical Typology ........... 114 3.3.3. Canonical Finiteness ...................... 115 3.4. Canonical Finiteness criteria applied in this study .......... 117 3.4.1. Morphological finiteness criteria ............... 118 3.4.2. Syntactic finiteness criteria .................. 122 3.4.3. Semantic finiteness criteria .................. 127 3.5. Chapter conclusion ........................... 131 4. Morphosyntactic-semantic properties of selected adverbial clauses 132 4.1. -nti clauses ............................... 134 4.1.1. Morphological characteristics ................. 134 4.1.2. Syntactic characteristics .................... 136 4.1.3. Semantic characteristics .................... 142 4.1.4. Summary of characteristics .................. 143 4.2. -ko clauses ................................ 144 4.2.1. Morphological characteristics ................. 145 4.2.2. Syntactic characteristics .................... 146 4.2.3. Semantic characteristics .................... 158 4.2.4. Summary of characteristics .................. 159 4.3. -nan clauses ............................... 160 4.3.1. Morphological characteristics ................. 161 4.3.2. Syntactic characteristics .................... 162 4.3.3. Semantic characteristics .................... 170 4.3.4. Summary of chracteristics ................... 172 4.4. -ŋ clauses ................................ 173 4.4.1. Morphological characteristics ................. 175 4.4.2. Syntactic characteristics .................... 177 4.4.3. Semantic characteristics .................... 189 4.4.4. Summary of characteristics .................. 191 4.5. -kəni clauses ............................... 192 4.5.1. Morphological characteristics ................. 192 4.5.2. Syntactic characteristics .................... 193 4.5.3. Semantic characteristics .................... 200 4.5.4. Summary of characteristics .................. 201 Kim S.-U (2018): Finiteness in Jejuan adverbial clauses 5 Contents 4.6. -taŋ clauses ............................... 202 4.6.1. Morphological characteristics ................. 203 4.6.2. Syntactic characteristics .................... 204 4.6.3. Semantic characteristics .................... 209 4.6.4. Summary of characteristics .................. 211 4.7. -məŋ clauses .............................. 211 4.7.1. Morphological characteristics ................. 212 4.7.2. Syntactic characteristics .................... 213 4.7.3. Semantic characteristics .................... 216 4.7.4. Summary of characteristics .................. 217 4.8. Chapter conclusion ........................... 219 5. Finiteness in Jejuan clause linkage: a CT evaluation 220 5.1. Some remarks on the horizontal level of analysis .......... 223 5.2. Domain-based criteria evaluation ................... 224 5.2.1. Patterns within morphology .................. 224 5.2.2. Patterns within syntax ..................... 226 5.2.3. Patterns within semantics ................... 228 5.3. Patterns across morphology, syntax and semantics ......... 229 5.4. Canonical Typology: a critical appraisal ............... 237 5.4.1. Advantages of a Canonical Typology approach ....... 237 5.4.2. Points of discussion and continuing issues .......... 244 5.5. Contextualising the findings ...................... 249 5.5.1. A tentative comparison with Korean ............. 250 5.5.2. Inspirations for finiteness research .............. 253 5.6. Chapter conclusion ........................... 260 6. Conclusion: Finiteness in Jejuan adverbial clause linkage 261 6.1. Results and conclusions ........................ 262 6.1.1. ‘Canonically Non-finite clauses’ ................ 262 6.1.2. Heterogeneity of finiteness properties ............ 265 6.1.3. No clause type examined is canonically
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