ILLINGI S UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AT URBANA-CHAMPAIGN
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STATUS AND CRITICAL HABITAT OF SEVERAL
RARE DARTERS IN INDIANA
Final Report 26 December 1985
Section of Faunistic Surveys and Insect Identification Technical Report
by
Thomas M. Keevin Lawrence M. Page Douglas A. Carney
Prepared for
Indiana Department of Natural Resources Indianapolis, IN 46204
Section of Faunistic Surveys and Insect Identification Technical Report 1985 (9) 547 '77. STATUS AND CRITICAL HABITAT OF SEVERAL
RARE DARTERS IN INDIANA
SUMMARY
An assessment of the status and habitat requirements of the Tippecanoe darter, spotted darter, "Indiana logperch," and other Species of Special
Concern in Indiana was made by sampling Lake Wawasee, Lake Syracuse, two sites on the East Fork of the White River, and 16 sites on the Tippecanoe
River. These sites included all known historical collection sites for the
Tippecanoe darter, spotted darter, and Indiana logperch. The taxonomic status of the Indiana logperch is currently in question, and a systematic analysis of its validity was conducted.
The Tippecanoe darter was found at three sites on the Tippecanoe
River. It requires clean, well-oxygenated water over long expanses of gravel and rubble and thus is highly susceptible to extirpation through stream degradation. No other recent records exist for the Tippecanoe darter in Indiana, and we recommend that it be classified as Endangered in
Indiana.
The spotted darter was not found by us, but apparently was collected in 1985 in the Tippecanoe River near Winamac by Mr. Thomas Simon and recently in the Little Blue River in southern Indiana by Mr. Thomas Wiles.
Populations in Indiana must be small and widely dispersed at best, and we recommend that it be classified as Endangered in Indiana.
The eastern sand darter was found at three sites on the Tippecanoe
River and one site on the East Fork of the White River. It occupies long expanses of clean sand in moderate current in small to large rivers. Although its statewide status is difficult to determine, we recommend that the eastern sand darter remain a Species of Special Concern or be elevated to Threatened in Indiana, primarily because of the decline of the species elsewhere.
The bluebreast darter was found at one site on the Tippecanoe River.
It has habitat requirements similar to those of the Tippecanoe and spotted darters and appears to have declined dramatically in Indiana in recent decades. We recommend that it be classified as Endangered in Indiana.
The gilt darter was found at six sites on the Tippecanoe River. Its relative abundance in the middle stretch of the river was surprising in view of its recent decline elsewhere and the failure of most recent attempts to find it in Indiana. It requires clean water over fast rocky riffles in small to medium sized rivers. Because of its requirement for clean water, its decline over much of its range, and its uncertain status elsewhere in Indiana, we recommend that it be classified as Threatened in
Indiana.
Our examination of museum specimens and specimens collected in 1985 has led us to conclude that there exists in Indiana a logperch ("Indiana logperch") currently unrecognized by the scientific community. Our taxonomic study of this logperch is incomplete but it appears to be a subspecies of Percina caprodes that is restricted to northern Indiana.
Taxonomic and protective recommendations must await the examination of additional material. \ STATUS AND CRITICAL HABITAT OF SEVERAL
RARE DARTERS IN INDIANA
Two species of darters, Etheostoma tippecanoe and Etheostoma maculatum, currently considered "species of special concern" in Indiana, have restricted distributions which include, or are limited to, the
Tippecanoe River. Because of their extremely restricted geographic range within the State, an assessment of their status and habitat requirements within the Tippecanoe River basin seemed necessary to protect them and prevent their disappearance from Indiana. The taxonomic status of a third form, referred to recently as Percina evermanni, is currently in question, and a systematic analysis of its validity was conducted. It also may warrant State protection and possibly Federal protection because of its apparently restricted geographic range.
METHODS
All localities in Indiana at which the three species were known to have occurred were revisited and sampled. Additional localities within the
Tippecanoe River drainage which appeared to have suitable habitat also were sampled. At each site, the physical and biological characteristics which appeared to be importan based on observations and literature descriptions, or surviva• ~o the species were examined and recorded.
Eighteen collections were made at 16 sites of the Tippecanoe River
(Figure 1 and Table 1). Two sites (were sampled on the East Fork of the
White River (Table 2), and two glacial lakes (Lake Wawasee and Syracuse
Lake), both in the Elkhart River basin (Table 3), were sampled.
Collections were made 12-15 July and 7-9 September 1985 by Douglas A. " Carney, Thomas M. Keevinzand Lawrence M. Page. Another collection, made
by Mr. Thomas Simon on 27 July 1985 in the Tippecanoe River, was donated to
the Illinois Natural History Survey and is included in this report.
Collections were made with a 10-ft. x 4-ft. minnow seine with 1/8-in.
mesh and a 30-ft. x 4-ft. bag seine with 3/16-in. mesh. Specimens were
preserved in 10% formalin in the field and later stored in 70% ethyl
alcohol. All preserved specimens were deposited in the permanent
collection of the Illinois Natural History Survey where they are available
for subsequent study by qualified scientists.'
With respect to the taxonomic status of P. evermanni, standard )
taxonomic techniques as outlined by Page (1983) for darters were used to - I
study museum specimens and specimens collected in 1985.
Scientific and common names follow Robins et al. (1980), except for
Erimystax dissimilis and Extrarius aestivalis which have been used
following the revision by Coburn and Cavender (1985).
COLLECTION SITES
Collection sites have been located by direction and distance to
nearest town. Date of collection follows each locality and the total
number of fishes collected is given in parenthesis. A brief aquatic
habitat description of the collection site and pertinent comments follow.
Site 1: Tippecanoe River at Wilmot, Nobile Co., IN; 13 July 1985 (36).
Rubble riffles and pools.
Site 2: Tippecanoe River, 1-1/2 miles E North Webster, Kosciusko Co., IN;
13 July 1985 (14). Mud, sand and gravel. 5
Site 3: Tippecanoe River at North Webster, Kosciusko Co., IN; 13 July 1985
(57). Gravel and sand pools and riffles.
Site 4a: Tippecanoe River, 1/2 mile SW North Webster, Kosciusko Co., IN;
13 July 1985 (56). Gravel, sand and mud; vegetated pools.
Site 4b: Tippecanoe River, 1/2 mile SW North Webster, Kosciusko Co., IN;
7 September 1985 (26). Gravel-rubble pools and runs.
Site 5: Tippecanoe River at Oswego, Kosciusko Co., IN; 13 July 1985 (29).
Outlet of Tippecanoe Lake; sand and debris substrate.
Site 6: Tippecanoe River, 4 miles W Warsaw at Schram Rd. bridge, Kosciusko
Co., IN; 12 July 1985 (96). Rubble and vegetated riffle.
Site 7: Tippecanoe River at Talma, Fulton Co., IN; 12 July 1985 (145).
Gravel and rubble riffle, sand runs and pools, sediment everywhere.
Site 8: Tippecanoe River, 5 miles NE Rochester along Hwy 25, Fulton Co.,
IN; 14 July 1985 (229). Rocky riffle; gravel, sand and silt pools.
Site 9: Tippecanoe River at Leiters Ford, Fulton Co., IN; 14 July 1985
(149). Rubble riffle; sand pools and runs.
Site 10a: Tippecanoe River at Delong, Fulton Co., IN; 14 July 1985 (238).
Large rock riffle and gravel run. A review of old plat maps at the Fulton
County Historical Society indicated that Delong hid originally been named
Marshland, Indiana. This site is the type locality for Etheostoma tippecanoe. 6
Site 10b: Tippecanoe River at Delong, Fulton Co., IN; 7 September 1985
(13). Large rock riffle and gravel run. The collection site was revisited in a second attempt to collect Etheostoma tippecanoe at the type locality.
Site 11: Tippecanoe River, 4 miles NE Winamac, Pulaski Co., IN; 14 July
1985 (86). Large rocky riffle.
Site 12: Tippecanoe River, 3 miles S Winamac at the Highway 35 bridge,
Pulaski Co., IN; 15 July 1985 (139). Rock riffles and pool.
Site 13: Tippecanoe River, approximately 2.5 miles S Winamac, Pulaski Co.,
IN; 27 July 1985 (108). Collection donated to the Illinois Natural
History Survey by Mr. Thomas Simon.
Site 14: Tippecanoe River, 3 miles S Winamac on Rt. 119, Pulaski Co., IN;
7 September 1985 (104). Rubble riffle; sandy pools and runs.
Site 15: Tippecanoe River, 4 miles W Lake Side, Pulaski Co., IN; 15 July
1985 (107). Large rubble riffle, sandy pools.
Site 16: Tippecanoe River, 3 miles N Americus, Carroll Co., IN; 15 July
1985 (56). Large gravel and rubble riffle and runs.
Site 17: East Fork of the White River at Shoals, Martin Co., IN;
9 September 1985 (0). Long rubble gravel and sand riffle. After a long sampling period only a few minnows were captured and released. The area is undoubtedly stressedk possibly by domestic sewage or industrial wastes. ', O&L Site 18: East Fork of the White River at Hindustan Falls, Martin Co., IN;
9 September 1985 (139). Gravel and sand runs and riffles. Collections
made below Hindustan Falls.
Site 19: Lake Wawasee, Elkhart River Basin, Kosciusko Co., IN;
7 September 1985 (179). Collections made from sand and gravel shoreline,
emergent aquatic vegetation and mouth of small inflow channel.
Site 20: Syracuse Lake, Elkhart River Basin, Kosciusko Co., IN;
7 September 1985 (117). Sandy lake shore.
THE SPECIES
Etheostoma tippecanoe Jordan and Evermann - Tippecanoe Darter
The Tippecanoe darter is widely but sporadically distributed in the
Ohio River system of Tennessee, Virginia, West Virginia, Kentucky, Ohio,
Pennsylvania, and Indiana (Zorach 1969). The species was described by
Jordan and Evermann (1891) from specimens collected in the Tippecanoe River
at Marshland, Fulton County, Indiana. It was last taken from the
Tippecanoe River, between Talma and Rochester in 1925. Specimens also have
been collected at Hindustan Falls on the East Fork of the White River near
Shoals, Martin County, Indiana, during 1936 and again from the East Fork of
the White River at Shoals sometime between 1941 and 1943 (Gerking 1945).
During the current investigation, E_. tippecanoe was collected at three
sites on the Tippecanoe River (Figure 2). At Site 11, four specimens were
collected (1 pair preserved) on a long riffle with moderate current in
large rubble that had been hand placed, possibly by fishermen building a
dam across the stream. At Site 13, 37 specimens (one preserved) were
collected on a long gravel-rubble riffle. The Tippecanoe darter was the most abundant darter at Site 16, where 8 specimens were preserved and many were released. This site consisted of a long riffle and run with moderate current over a substrate of clean gravel and rubble.
Trautman (1957) noted that Tippecanoe darters live in large riffles having slow to moderate current and a bottom of clean gravel and sand. The relative abundance of E. tippecanoe at Site 16 may be the result of man-made hydraulic influences of the two upstream reservoirs. Suspended silt and other sestonic river particles are usually reduced to relatively low levels by settling in the lentic waters of reservoirs (Neel 1963,)ý
Hannan and Young 1974I)Baxter 1977). Large reservoirs or reservoirs in tandum (i.e. Lake Shafer and Freeman Lake) can trap almost one hundred percent of the inflowing sediment (Simons 1979) which may have improved downstream habitat for the Tippecanoe darter. They also may have eliminated large expanses of suitable habitat in the area of inundation.
The type locality of the Tippecanoe darter, the Tippecanoe River at
Marshland (now Delong) Indiana, was recollected on 14 July and 7 September
1985; however, the species was not found. Etheostoma tippecanoe, E. maculatum and E. camurum, all members of the darter subgenus Nothonotus
(Page 1981), were collected at Delong, Indiana during the 1890's (Jordan and Everman 18911 Zorach and Raney 1967,)Collette and Knapp 1966) but apparently no longer occur at the site. Zorach (1972) noted that many of the species of Nothonotus are now localized in their distribution and threatened with extinction. Their preference for clean, well-oxygenated waters has made them susceptible t4 pollution.
The Tippecanoe darter is currently restricted to long riffles with gravel and rubble along the middle Tippecanoe River and to the river below
Freeman Lake. The species occurs only sporadically in the middle Tippecanoe River and is threatened with extirpation from this reach should the river's suspended sediment load increase and cover existing riffle areas. The species is common at Site 16, below Freeman Lake. However, it is not known if it is common only at the collection site or also on suitable habitat along the 10 miles of river below the reservoir. A thorough survey of the Tippecanoe River from Freeman Lake to its confluence with the Wabash River should be conducted. The continued existence of the species below the reservoir depends on adequate releases from the lake during the spawning season and also during low flow periods. The reservoir provides the opportunity to provide adequate instream flows and create the desired habitat during critical life history stages. Utilization of the
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) Instream Flow Group's Incremental
Method (Milhous et al. 1981) or the USFWS's Aquatic Habitat Evaluation
Procedures (Raleigh 1978) could help ensure the survival of the species within Indiana. Habitat suitability models for impact assessment and habitat management (i.e., reservoir releases) have been prepared for the slough darter (Edwards et al. 1982) and could be prepared for E. tippecanoe. During this study the Tippecanoe darter was not collected from either of the historical sites on the East Fork of the White River.
Habitat degradation and pollution appear to have eliminated the species from both sites. E. tippecanoe may occur elsewhere in the White River basin. A thorough survey of the entire drainage basin seems warranted.
Based on the current investigation the Tippebanoe darter should be classified as Endangered in Indiana. 10
Etheostoma maculatum Kirtland - Spotted Darter
Etheostoma maculatum was described by Kirtland (1841) from specimens obtained from the Mahoning River, Ohio. Three subspecies were recognized by Zorach and Raney (1967), but Page (1985) recently demonstrated that E. maculatum is specifically distinct from the southern forms, now known as
X. sanguifluum sanguifluum and E. s. vulneratum. E. maculatum is found sporadically in a few tributaries of the Ohio River system in New
York, Pennsylvania, West Virginia, Ohio, Indiana, and Kentucky.
Zorach and Raney (1967) examined two specimens collected by P. Kirsch on 25 August 1899 from the Tippecanoe River at Delong, Fulton County,
Indiana. Gerking (1945) did not find the species in his survey of the state, although it is listed in his Appendix A as a "species of probable or possible occurrences in Indiana." Nelson and Gerking (1968) included the species in their annotated key to the fishes of Indiana as a footnote to the couplet where the spotted darter would "key out."
The habitat of E. maculatum was described by Zorach and Raney (1967) as swift riffles of medium to large streams. Spotted darters have an affinity for large cobble'and boulders in current (Stiles 1972).
During the current investigation we did not collect E. maculatum at any of the sampled sites including the historical collection site at Delong
(Zorach and Raney 1967), sampled on 14 July and 7 September 1985. E. maculatum, E. tippecanoe and E. camurum, all members of the darter subgenus
Nothonotus (Page 1981), were collected at De'long,! Indiana during the 1890's
* ....i .....- -__ 1 / -. TK---J .. . .. 1 . i.i.-i0 l - I A-A ,.- w. 1 06 )
pp 9
Z( orach and Raney 1967; Jordan and verman 189 Collette and na
but no longer occur at the site. Zorach (1972) ) noted that all species of
waters and are Nothonotus have a preference for clean, well-oxygenated
and E camurum were susceptible to degradation. Since both ] tippecanoe
/ 11 collected from the Tippecanoe River during this investigation, it is possible that E. maculatum may still occur in the river in low numbers or localized populations.1
During this study it was brought to our attention that Mr. Tom Wiles,
University of Louisville, had collected E. maculatum from the Little Blue
River in southern Indiana and had submitted a paper reporting the find to the Transactions of the Indiana Academy of Science. A letter was sent to
Mr. Wiles on 12 August 1985 asking for confirmation of the discovery; however, he did not respond to our inquiry. If the Department of Natural
Resources were to initiate a required annual report of species collected and required deposition of specimens in a permanent scientific collection which is available to qualified scientists as a requirement of the
Scientific Collections Permit, such data as those collected by Mr. Wiles would be readily available to the scientific community and the State of
Indiana.
Based on available data, the spotted darter should be classified as
Endangered in Indiana.
Indiana Logperch
The taxonomy of logperches in Indiana has a confused history. Two subspecies (P. c. caprodes and P. c. semifasciata) of the logperch, Percina caprodes, are known to occur in the state (Gerking 1945; Morris and Page
1 Thomas Simon believes that he collected E. maculatum at site 13 (2.5 mi S Winamac, Pulaski Co.) on 27 July 1985. Unfortunately none were preserved and his field identification cannot be confirmed. 12
1981). Two other forms of logperches were described from the glacial lakes of northern Indiana but subsequently have not been recognized because they
c are considered to be synonyms of P. caprodes or names based on hybrids( . - /
These were Percina manitou Jordan 1877, from Lake Manitou, Fulton Co., and
Hadropterus evermanni Moenkhaus 1903, from Lake Tippecanoe, Tippecanoe Co.
Percina manitou was considered by Collette and Knapp (1966) to be a
synonym of P. caprodes semifasciata. Hadropterus evermanni was
considered by Hubbs (1926) and Collette and Knapp (1966) to be based on hybrids of P. caprodes semifasciata and the blackside darter, P. maculata.
We currently believe, based on museum specimens examined and material
collected in 1985, that there exists in Indiana a form of logperch
currently unrecognized by the scientific community. It appears to be a
subspecies of Percina caprodes, hereafter referred to as the Indiana
logperch, that is restricted to glacial lakes in northern Indiana.
Our conclusion that the Indiana logperch is a valid subspecies is based on the fact that it is morphologically distinguishable from both P.
c. caprodes, which occurs to the south of the range of the Indiana
logperch, and from P. c. semifasciata, which occurs to the north. It
appears to be intergrading with P. c. caprodes in the upper Tippecanoe
River, and thus is not considered a full species.
Our study of the morphological variation in northern Indiana
logperches is incomplete. We intend to examine additional material and
publish our results in a scientific journal. Presently available data
suggesting that the Indiana logperch is a subspecies of P. caprodes
include the following: 13
1. The pigmentation pattern is unique. The vertical bars on the side
tend to anastomose on the back, forming dark circles. Also, the bars are
interrupted on the posterior half of the body, creating a clear
longitudinal stripe along the posterior half of the upper side. In both P.
c. caprodes and P. c. semifasciata the bars continue uninterrupted over the
back to join those of the other side.
2. The Indiana logperch has an unscaled nape and unscaled or barely
scaled belly; P. c. caprodes in the Tippecanoe River usually (93%) has a
partly or fully scaled nape and partly to fully scaled belly. Intergrades
in the upper Tippecanoe River (near North Webster) have a partly or fully
scaled nape but an unscaled belly and thus are intermediate between the
Indiana logperch and P. c. caprodes.
We no longer consider it tenable to conclude that the Indiana logperch
is a hybrid between P. caprodes and P. maculata because of the large number of individuals involved and, more importantly, because on 7 September 1985 we collected, in the Tippecanoe River, true hybrids between logperch and P. maculata. The hybrids were not similar in morphology to the Indiana
logperch. We believe that the Indiana logperch is a distinct genetic
(taxonomic) entity.
We cannot at present assign a scientific name to the Indiana logperch because of the uncertainty surrounding already published names. We have requested from the U. S. National Museum4 loans of type-specimens of
Percina manitou Jordan 1877 and Hadropterus evermanni Moenkhaus 190O
Both names may be based on the same form, a lake-inhabiting logperch that is a valid taxon, probably a subspecies of P. caprodes. If our preliminary conclusions are correct, the form will be referred to as 14
Percina caprodes manitou, not Percina evermanni as we previously thought, but we can decide only after examining type material.
Hadropterus maxinkuckiensis Evermann 1900, from Lake Maxinkuckee,
Marshall Co., was thought by Collette and Knapp (1966) to be a synonym of
Percina maculata. However, because it also was described from a lake in northern Indiana, the type of Hadropterus maxinkuckiensis will be re-examined in relation to the status of Indiana logperches.
If the Indiana logperch is a valid taxon, it probably is endemic to
Indiana, has a small range, and should be protected. As part of our ensuing study of logperches in Indiana, we expect to define the range of the Indiana logperch and comment on its rarity and need for protection.
OTHER INDIANA "SPECIES OF SPECIAL CONCERN" FOUND DURING THE 1985 SURVEY
Ammocrypta pellucida (Putnam) - Eastern Sand Darter
The eastern sand darter ranges from Vermont and southern Quebec west to eastern Illinois and south to Kentucky (Page 1983). It lives on sandy raceways of streams and rivers. The largest populations are usually found in larger streams and rivers in water at least 60 cm deep. In streams of the Ohio River it is most frequently encountered in moderate to large streams over a clean sand bottom in moderate current (Williams 1975).
Forbes and Richardson (1908) and Trautman (1957) described the species' habit of burying itself in sand with only its eyei exposed and leaving the sand to dart after passing prey.
During the current survey, 12 eastern sand darterswere collected at three sites on the Tippecanoe River [7(10), 10a(1), and 13(1)] (Figure 3 and Table 1) and two specimens were taken below Hindustan Falls on the East 15
Fork of the White River. Based on the limited geographic scope of this
study and the historical statewide distribution of the species, its present
status remains uncertain. In neighboring Illinois and Ohio, the species
was formerly more general in occurrence but has become less abundant
recently as a result of siltation, impoundments, and possibly deterioration water quality (Smith 197)Trautman1981 The Seofdemonstration of
decreased abundance in Illinois and Ohio was made possible by comparing the
historic records with recent collection data. Similar historic records
exist for Indiana but recent systematic statewide collections for
comparison are lacking, demonstrating the need for a statewide survey of
Indiana.
Based on the decrease in abundance and range in neighboring Illinois
and Ohio, the species should remain a "Species of Special Concern" or be
elevated to Threatened status in Indiana.
Etheostoma camurum (Cope) - Bluebreast Darter
The bluebreast darter ranges from the Allegheny River system in
Pennsylvania to the Vermilion River system in eastern Illinois and south to
the Tennessee River system in Tennessee (Zorach 1972). The bluebreast
darter lives in fast riffles of large, clear streams at a preferred depth J ýK of 10430 cm (Page 1983).
During the current investigation three bluebreast darters were
collected at Site 12, three miles south of Winamac, Pulaski Co. (Figure 4).
The specimens were found in a riffle with moderate to slow current in
rubble under the Highway 35 bridge. Four previous collection records for
the Tippecanoe River are shown in Gerking (1945). E. camurum was collected
at Delong, Indiana in the late 1800's (Collette ad Knapp 1966). This 16
historical collection site was sampled on 14 July and 7 September 1985, but
E. camurum was not collected.
Gerking (1945) fotes) that the bluebreast darter was found in
medium-sized streams with but one exception, a long riffle in the East Fork
of White River at Shoals, Martin County. This historical site was sampled
on 9 September 1985 but we collected no fishes. The site was undoubtedly
stressed, possibly by domestic or industrial wastes. Given its current
rarity in the Tippecanoe River and extirpation from the only known site on
the East Fork of the White River, it appears that the species has declined
within Indiana. Based on the current investigation, the bluebreast darter
should be reclassified as Endangered in Indiana.
Percina evides (Jordan and Copeland) - Gilt Darter
The gilt darter historically had an extensive range but is now
extirpated over large areas and is uncommon in some areas where it
previously existed in large populations. The original range extended from
Minnesota, Wisconsin, Iowa, Missouri, and Arkansas east to New York,
Pennsylvania, West Virginia, Virginia, and North Carolina, and south to
northern Alabama, Mississippi, and Georgia (Page 1983). Stream degradation
has severely reduced the range of the gilt darter and it has been
extirpated from Iowa, Ohio, and Illinois (Harlan and Speaker 195 Trautman
) 1957*)Smith 1979). The gilt darter lives in riffles of clean, small to
medium-sized rivers. Larger individuals live in larger and faster riffles,
often over rubble. Smaller individuals are in smaller gravel riffles (Page
1983).
The type specimen of the gilt darter was collected in 1874 from the
White River near Indianapolis, Marion County, Indiana• (Jordan 1877). 17
Since 1900, a drastic reduction in the abundance and range of the gilt
2 darter in Indiana has been noted (Gerking 19 5h)Nelson and Gerking 1968).
Gerking, in his statewide survey in the early 1940's, did not find this
species, even though he sampled five of the 11 known Indiana localities
(Gerking 1945). Margulies et al. (1980) collected a single gilt darter on
26 August 1977 from the West Fork of the White River, approximately 2 miles
southeast of Paragon, Morgan Co. The collection site was resampled in
October 1977 but no additional specimens were found. This collection
represented only the second record for this species in Indiana in this
century and the first record in 46 years.
During the current investigation 53 gilt darters were taken during
seven collections at six sites (Figure 5). The sites (Table 1)(and numbers
of specimens)are as follows: 6(6), 7(13), 8(7), 9(8), 10a(17), 10b(1) and 14(1). The species is locally common and probably occurs on all large
riffles between Warsaw and Delong, Indiana.
Given the species decline in Indiana (Gerking 1945) and extirpation
from the neighboring states of Illinois (Smith 1979) and Ohio (Trautman
1957) the gilt darter should be classified as Threatened in Indiana.
Pflieger (1975) noted that the gilt darter inhabits silt-free riffles of
streams with moderate current and gravel substrate. The species could
become extirpated from the Tippecanoe River if pollution increases or if
the river's suspended sediment load should increase and cover existing
riffle areas. 18
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darter (Percina evides) in the White River, Indiana. Am. Midl. Nat.
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S JMilhous, R. T., D. L. Wengerjand T. Waddle. 1981. Users guide to physical
habitat simulation system. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Instream
Flow Information Paper 11, FWS-OBS-81/43, Ft. Collins, Co., U.S.A.
/Moenkhaus, W. J. 1903. Description of a new species of darter from
Tippecanoe Lake. Bull. U.S. Fish Comm. 1902. 22:397-398. 'Morris, M. A.jand L. M. Page. 1981. Variation in western logperches
(Pisces: Percidae), with description of a new subspecies from the
Ozarks, Copeia 1981:95-108.
Neel, J. K. 1963. Impact of reservoirs, p. 575-593, In: Limnology in
North America, D. G. Frey, ed., Univ. WisconSin Press, Madison.
X Vielson, J. S.jand S. D. Gerking. 1968. Annotated key to the fishes of
Indiana. Department of Zoology, Indiana University, Bloomington.
84 p. 20
J/Page, L. M. 1981. The genera and subgenera of darters (Percidae,
Etheostomatini). Occas. Pap. Mus. Nat. Hist. Univ. Kansas, No. 90.
69 p.
Page, L. M. 1983. Handbook of darters. T.F.H., Inc., Neptune City, N. J.
271 p.
'Page, L. M. 1985. Evolution of reproductive behaviors in percid fishes. sI Ill. Nat. Hist. Surv. Bull. 33(3):275-295.
S Pflieger, W. L. 1975. The fishes of Missouri. Missouri Department of
Conservation, Jefferson City. 343 p.
, 7 Raleigh, R. F. 1978. Habitat evaluation procedures for aquatic
assessment. Pages 131-157 In_ W. T. Mason, Jr., editor. Methods for
the assessment and prediction of mineral mining impacts on aquatic
communities: a review and analysis. Eastern Energy and Land Use
Group, Harpers Ferry, W.V., U.S.A.
1 Robins, C. R., R. M. Bailey, C. E. Bond, J. R. Brooker, E. A. Lachner, R.
N. Lea and W. B. Scott. 1980. A list of common and scientific names
of fishes from the United States and Canada. American Fisheries
Society Special Publication No. 12. 174 p.
/Simons, D. B. 1979. Effects of stream regulation on channel morphology,
p. 95-111, In: The Ecology of Regulated Streams, J. V. Ward and J.
A. Stanford, eds., Plenus Press, New York, N. Y.
'/Smith, P. W. 1979. The fishes of Illinois. Univ. of Illinois Press,
Urbana. 304 p. 1
/ Stiles, R. A. 1972. The comparative ecology of three species of
Nothonotus (Percidae-Etheostoma) in Tennessee's Little River.
Ph.D. Dis., Univ. of Tennessee. 97 p. 21
/Trautman, M. B. 1957. The fishes of Ohio. Ohio State University Press,
Columbus. 683 p.
rWilliams, J. D. 1975. Systematics of the percid fishes of the subgenus
Ammocrypta, genus Ammocrypta, with descriptions of two new
species. Bull. Alabama Mus. Nat. Hist. 1. 56 p. J Zorach, T. 1969. Etheostoma iordani and E. tippecanoe, species of the subgenus Nothonotus (Pisces: Percidae). Am. Midl. Nat. 81:412-434.
Zorach, T. 1972. Systematics of the percid fishes, Etheostoma camurum
and E. chlorobranchium new species, with a discussion of the
subgenus Nothonotus. Copeia 1972(3):427-447.
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Etheostoma maculatum Kirtland, and related species of the subgenus
Nothonotus. Am. Midl. Nat. 77:296-322. Table 1. Fishes Collected from the Tippecanoe River Basin (No. Individuals). *
Families and Species Collection Sites
1 2 3 4a 4b 5 6 7 8 9 10a 10b 11 12 13 14 15 16
Petromyzontidae-lampreys
Ichthyomyzon bdellium 1
Clupe idae-herr ings
Dorosoma cepedianum 1
Esocidae-pikes
Esox americanus 2
Cyprinidae-carps and minnows
Campostoma anomalum 4
Ericymba buccata 1 1
Erimystax dissimilis 1 4 2 1 1 1 2
Extrarius aestivalis 10
Hybopsis amblops 1 4 1 4 2 1
Nocomis biguttatus 1 2 1 5 3
Nocomis micropogon 5 4 1 1 6 12 9 11 1 2 16 1 6 4
Notemigonus crysoleucas 13 1
(Continued)
* Numbers refer to specimens in the Illinois Natural History Survey Collection. Table 1. Continued.
Collection Sites Em ýtlw *61M 1 2 3 4a 4b 5 6 7 8 9 10a 10b 11 12 13 14 15 16
Motrop s atherinoies
tropis wuchnanaD
oc ropis crysocephalua 12 2 1 7 4 3 1 1 3
Stopi a rubellus 1 10 2 4 1 1 1
otrop is epilopterua 2 12 24 93 51 113 1 27 61 35 52 75 14
otro a strmineus 39 13 12 32 1 5 8 44 10 3 2
Dotro)p.a species
otropie stramineut x Hybopsis amblops 1 1
Fi aepjles notatus 4 3 10 4 3 8 6 12 2 19 9 17 2
mot lus atromaculatus 3 - 13 35 17 1 2
Catostoodae.-suckers
C tostou. commersoni 4 8 8 3 Btysoa ucetta 1 2 ••l.tellu nigrics,4 2 1 2 5 4 1 lCtio bubalus 2 taytrma melanops 2 1
(Continued) Table 1. Continued.
Collection Sites
1 2 3 4a 4b 5 6 7 8 9 lOa lOb 11 12 13 14 15 16
Moxostom erythrurus
Noxostosa species
Ictaluridae-bul lhead catfishes
Ictalurus natalis 1 3 1 1
Noturus eleutherus
Noturus exilis
Noturus flavus 8 2 6 3 2 3 1 2 1
Roturus gyrinus
Noturus miurus
Cypr inodont idae-k il lifishes
Fundulus dispar
Fundulus notatus
Atherinidae-s ilvers idea
Labideasthes sicculug 6 1 1
(Continued) Table 1. Continued.
Fami *es an Specie Collection Sites 1 2 3 4a 4b 5 6 7 8 9 10a 10b 11 12 13 14 15 16 16
Centrarchidae-sunfishes
Ambloplites rupestris 1 1 3 1 1 3 1
Leposis gibbosus 4 4
Lepomis gulosus 2
Leposis ascrochirus 1 6 2
Lepois segalotis 6 2 2 2 1 1 4
Micropterus dolomieui 1 1
Micropterus salmoides 3 1 1 1 1
Perc idae-perches
amocrypta pellucida 10 1 1 Etheostoma blennioides 13 4 17 6 3 2 4 4 1' 5 Etheostoma caeruleum 14 6 1 7 5 2 1 Etheostoma camurua 3 Etheostoua exile 1 1 Etheostoaa flabellare 2 2 Etheostoua uicroperca 3
(Continued) Table 1. Continued.
Families and Species_ Collection Sites 1 2 3 4a 4b 5 6 7 8 9 lOa 10b 11 12 13 14 15 16
Etheostoma nigrum 2 4 1 9 1 3 1 6 1 2
Etheostoma spectabile
Etheostoma tippecanoe 2 8
Perca tlavescens 1
Percina caprodes 3 2 2 10 2 2 i 1 1
Percina copelandi
Percina evides 6 13 7 8 17
Percina maculata 3 26 23 3 1 2 2
Percina sciera 11 7 9 1 3
Percina caprodes x P. maculata
Cottidae-sculpins
Cottus bairdi 6 16 5 4 4 3 2 1 1
Total species 11 6 15 12 3 12 20 19 19 22 26 11 17 18 17 16 17 15 Total specimens 36 14 57 56 26 29 96 145 229 149 238 13 86 139 108 104 107 56
Table 2: Fishes Collected from the East Fork of the White River, J. ' (No. Individuals). . ( \ ,
Families and Species Collection Sites
17 18
Clupeidae-herrings
Dorosoma cepedianum - 1
Cyprinidae-carps and minnows
Ericymba buccata 1
Extrarius aestivalis - 3
Hybopsis x-punctata 2
Notropis atherinoides - 29
Notropis spilopterus - 58
Phenacobius mirabilis - 2
Pimephales notatus - 1
Pimephales vigilax 9
Catos tomidae-suckers
Carpiodes velifer - 6
Ictaluridae-bullhead catfishes
Ictalurus punctatus -
Noturus eleutherus 15
Atherinidae-silversides
Labidesthes sicculus - 3
Percidae-perches
Ammocrypta pellucida -- 2
Percina phoxocephala - 6
Total species 0 15
Total specimens 0 139 Table 3: Fishes Collect d from Lake Wawasee and Syracuse Lake, Elkhart
River Drainage (No. Individuals).* rX4o '
Families and Species Collection Sites
19 20 Lake Wavasee Syracuse Lake
Esocidae-pikes
Esox americanus 2
Cyprinidae-carps and minnows
Campostoma anomalum 1 -
Notemigonus crysoleucas 3 1
Notropis chrysocephalus 6
Notropis heterodon 41 25
Notropis heterolepis 5 17
Notropis stramineus 13 15
Pimephales notatus 11 33
Pimephales promelas 1 -
Semotilus atromaculatus 2 --
Ictaluridae-bullhead catfishes
Ictalurus natalis 2
Ictalurus nebulosus 1
Noturus gyrinus 4 1
Cyp r inodontidae-k il lifishes
Fundulus diaphanus 30 --
Atherinidae-silversides
Labidesthes sicculus 16 -
(Continued) Table 3. Continued.
Families and Species Collection Sites
19 20 Lake Wawasee Syracuse Lake
Centrarchidae-sunfishes
Ambloplites rupestris 3
Lepomis cyanellus 2
Lepomis macrochirus 2
Lepomis megalotis 2 3
Micropterus dolomieui 1 1
Micropterus salmoides 2 2
Perc idae-perches
Etheostoma exile 5
Etheostoma nigrum 3 12
Perca flavescens 27
Percina 1 *
Total species 23 12(not including *)
Total specimens 179 117
* Many were captured and frozen for future analysis. Webster
3)
D WARSAW
J. a, C,
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12 Figure 1. Numbered fish collection sites on the '3 Tippecanoe River. N C, G. 0.
1,
Lek.
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MILES 16 N. TippeOnMo
WARSAW
C,
r C, ROCHESTER
Figure 2: WINAMAC I
>t
V
C»
iP •e..
/tg o 5
MILES Tlppecoano
WARSAW
C,
ROCHESTER %
Figure 3:
S C,
i \\
Cc
toP*
0 5
MILES WebstwI
Tippecanoe
D WARSAW
ROCHESTER
0
Figure 4:
Le Lt C,
l
rIs
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MILES Webtetr
Tippecon"i
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Figure 5: Distribution of the gilt darte\(Percina evides) in the Tippecanoe River Black dots indicate collection sites where the species was taken while open circles represent sites C, which were sampled but the species was not found.
4,-ox
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MILES a INHS MANUSCRIPT INTERIAL REVIEW CHECK-SHEET-
Author(s): T.M.Keevin, L.M.Page & D.A Carney
Indiana Title: Status and critical habitat of several rare darters in
To Be Submitted To: Indiana Dept. Natural Resources (Report)
Technical Reviewers:
Name Location Date Reviewed
K.S.Cummings INHS 2 /ffYfey
M.J Wetzel INHSI
Section Head: y - ______D e
IA- & M Date
Editor: Date
a- Procedures to be used for all manuscripts not published by the INHS. 1. Author sends or gives ms. to two or more technical reviewers (listed on review sheet), reviewers return ms. to author for possible modifications. 2. Author gives ms. to Section Head for review or signature on review sheet. (if deemed necessary, Section Head returns ms. to author for possible modifications.) 3. Section Head signs review sheet and sends ms. to Chief for comments and signature: a. Chief signs review sheet and returns ms. to Section Head with or without comments. Section Head returns ms. to author if Chief's comments are extensive and sends ms. to INHS Editor after author has considered Chief's suggestions, or Section Head sends ms. directly to INHS Editor if Chief's suggestions are minor. b. Chief does not sign review sheet and retpurns ms. to Section Head with his comments and suggestions. Section Head returns ms. to author who considers Chief's comments and suggestions and modifies ms. as deemed appropriate and begins again at Step 2, in which case the ms. proceeds through Step 3a. 4. INHS Editor (or asst editors) edit the ms., signs review sheet, and returns ms. to Section Head. 5. Section Head returns ms. to author. 6. Author submits ms. to editor of appropriate journal.
11/20/84