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http://www.balkaninstitut.com BELI GRAD http://www.balkaninstitut.com SERBIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES AND ARTS INSTITUTE FOR BALKAN STUDIES SPECIAL EDITIONS 93 Mirjana Deteli} and Marija Ili} WHITE CITY The Origin of Epic Formula and Slavic Toponum Editor in chief Du{an T. Batakovi} Director, Institute for Balkan Studies BELGRADE 2006 http://www.balkaninstitut.com SRPSKA AKADEMIJA NAUKA I UMETNOSTI BALKANOLO[KI INSTITUT SANU POSEBNA IZDANJA 93 Mirjana Deteli} i Marija Ili} BELI GRAD poreklo epske formule i slovenskog toponima Odgovorni urednik Du{an T. Batakovi} direktor Balkanolo{kog instituta SANU BEOGRAD 2006 http://www.balkaninstitut.com Recenzenti: dopisni ~lan SANU Aleksandar Loma dr Biljana Sikimi} Knjiga je {tampana zahvaljuju}i finansijskoj pomo}i Ministarstva nauke i za{tite `ivotne sredine, a u okviru projekta br. 148011 pod naslovom œEtni~ka i socijalna stratifikacija BalkanaŒ http://www.balkaninstitut.com SADR@AJ SKRA]ENICE........................7 UVOD — Kabelomgradu...................9 I — KORPUS 1. Ojkonimske sintagme .................20 1.1. Imeni~ka atribucija ...............20 1.2. Pridevskaatribucija...............22 1.3. Prilo{kaatribucija................22 2. Beli plus….....................25 II — SEMANTIKA PRIDEVA BELI I APELATIVA GRAD 1. O dijahronijskoj semantici prideva *belãjâ ........29 2. Beli u onomastici ...................34 3. Slovenske folklorne sintagme sa atributom beli ......39 3.1. Ruski, beloruski i ukrajinski folklor ........39 3.2. Bugarski i makedonski folklor ...........41 3.3. Srpsko-hrvatskifolklor..............43 3.4. Srpsko-hrvatska epika ..............44 4. O dijahronijskoj semantici apelativa *gordã ........48 4.1. Denotat’grad’—op{tideo............51 4.2. Denotat’grad’—folklor.............54 4.3. Denotat ’grad’ — epika .............56 5.’Beligrad’......................64 5.1. ’Beli grad’ i praslovenska sintagma *belãgordã ...64 5.2. ’Beli grad’ — epika ...............65 5.2.a. Ruska epika ...............66 5.2.b. Bugarska epika .............68 5.2.c. Makedonska epika ............70 5.2.d. Bugar{tice i Erlangenski rukopis ......71 III — EPSKI BELI GRADOVI I URBES ALBAE .........75 IV — ISTORIJSKI ’BELI GRADOVI’ .............84 V — BIBLIOGRAFIJA Skra}enice .......................97 http://www.balkaninstitut.com 6 BELI GRAD Literatura.......................98 Re~nici........................107 VI — INDICES INDEX VERBORUM ....................108 INDEX NOMINUM.....................114 VII — PRILOZI Podaciogra|i.....................123 1. Zbirke koje ~ine srpsko-hrvatsko-muslimanski epski korpus . 123 2.Zbirkekoje~ineslovenskiepskikorpus.........124 TABELE 1–2 1. — TABELARNI PRIKAZ TIPOVA EPSKE ATRIBUCIJE ......125 2. — TABELARNI PRIKAZ SLOVENSKIH KORPUSA (ruski, bugarski, makedonski) ............198 SUMMARY:Towardsawhitecity..............242 Autori..........................250 http://www.balkaninstitut.com SKRA]ENICE jezi~kih i etni~kih odre|enja alb. albanski prasl. praslovenski av. avestijski predsl. predslovenski baltoslov. balto-slovenski rus. ruski belorus. beloruski sanskr. sanskritski bug. bugarski sh. srpskohrvatski ~e{. ~e{ki s.-h. srpsko-hrvatski dlu`. donjolu`i~ki slov. slovena~ki eng. engleski slova~. slova~ki frig. frigijski srp. srpski gal. galski steng. staroengleski glu`. gornjolu`i~ki stind. staroindijski got. gotski stir. staroirski gr. gr~ki stisl. staroislandski het. hetitski stnem. staronema~ki hom. homerski stnord. staronordijski hrv. hrvatski stpolj. staropoljski ie. praindoevropski stprus. staropruski isl. islandski jerm. jermenski strus. staroruski kelt. keltski stsaks. starosaksonski lat. latinski stvnem. starovisokonema~ki let. letonski sveslov. sveslovenski lit. litavski {ved. {vedski ma|. ma|arski tur. turski mak. makedonski ukr. ukrajinski nem. nema~ki ved. vedski polj. poljski viz. vizantijski http://www.balkaninstitut.com http://www.balkaninstitut.com UVOD UVOD Ka belom gradu Vi{egodi{nji rad na temi Epski gradovi u Balkanolo{kom institutu SANU omogu}io je — izme|u ostalog1 — i da se prvi put u punoj meri i na osnovu vi{estruko proveravanih podataka, sagledaju predstave o bro- ju, vrstama i na~inu prostiranja gradova i drugih naseljenih mesta2 usrp- sko-hrvatskoj usmenoj desetera~koj epici. U razumnoj meri ta~an pre- gled epskih ojkonima mogao bi unaprediti poetiku epskog `anra nepo- 1 Rad se odvijao na projektima œMitolo{ko-religijske predstave balkanskih narodaŒ (2168) 2002–2005. i œEtni~ka i socijalna stratifikacija BalkanaŒ (148011) od 2006. U sa- radnji sa Fondom za otvoreno dru{tvo u Beogradu, Centrom za nau~ni rad SANU u Kragu- jevcu i Odborom za prou~avanje istorije knji`evnosti SANU, objavljen je CD Rom Grado- vi u hri{}anskoj i muslimanskoj usmenoj epici, upor. Deteli}–Loma–Pavlovi} 2004, a u {tampi je monografija Epski gradovi. Leksikon (Deteli} 2006). Uz to, pune ~etiri godine, koliko je trajao period finansiranja projekata Ministarstva za nauku i `ivotnu sredinu, u okviru ovog projekta objavljivani su kra}i i du`i radovi u doma}im i stranim nau~nim ~a- sopisima i izlagana saop{tenja na me|unarodnim nau~nim skupovima. Podaci o tome pri- lo`eni su u bibliografiji uz ovu studiju. 2 U ekscerpciju su bili uklju~eni svi ojkonimi, bez obzira koji tip naseljenog mesta stoji iza njih: grad, {eher, selo, varo{, kasaba, palanka, pa ~ak i {anac ili karaula. To je u~i- njeno zato {to je grad izuzetno nestabilan pojam koji u razna vremena ima razli~ita zna~e- nja. Zavisno od istorijskih promena i turbulencije, neki su gradovi nastajali i nestajali sve u jednom veku, neki su po~injali kao va`ni gradovi–tvr|ave a zavr{avali kao sela i palanke, kao {to je i obrnuto bivalo — ~ak i ~e{}e: od sela i palan~ica nastajali su gradovi i tvr|ave. U epskom svetu neki su gradovi potpuno nestali (npr. @rnovan/Avala na Avali kod Beogra- da) i nikad se vi{e nisu obnovili, a iza nekih su ostala istoimena sela (npr. Deligrad) ~ija su imena jedina svedo~anstva o nekada{njem gradu. Ve}ina srednjovekovnih gradova postoji jo{ uvek u vidu ostataka poru{enih fortifikacija, manje ili vi{e prepoznatljivih i dokumen- tovanih. Uz sve to, mirovnim ugovorom kod preuzimanja srpskih gradova od Turaka 1876. oni utvr|eni gradovi koji su jo{ uvek bili sa~uvani u celosti mehani~ki su ru{eni ili dizani u vazduh kako bi se obezbedio mir novopostavljene srpsko-turske granice. Samo nekoliko godina potom (1912–1913), ta je granica potpuno promenjena u dva balkanska rata, a srp- ska ba{tina pretrpela je neprocenjivu {tetu od ru{enja gradova, koji bi danas bili spomenici istorije i kulture prvog reda. Zbog svega toga, nijedno naseljeno mesto u epskim pesmama nije izostavljeno iz ekscerpcije, iako je u naslovu zadr`an termin gradovi. Ogre{enje o fak- ti~ko stanje je suvi{e malo u pore|enju sa zna~ajem koji ima formiranje kompletnog fonda epskih ojkonima. http://www.balkaninstitut.com 10 BELI GRAD srednim uvidom u nastanak epske slike prostora i njenu povezanost sa ideolo{kim osnovama epske poezije. Pretpostavlja se tako|e da bi i u drugim tipovima istra`ivanja — lingvisti~kim, etnolo{kim, antropolo- {kim, geografskim, istorijskim i sli~nim — mogao dovesti do zanimlji- vih, krosreferencijalnih rezultata koji, dodu{e, nisu predmet ove studije, ali }e svejedno biti lak{e ostvarljivi sad, kada je ekscerpirana epska gra- |a svima dostupna. Obi~na, pa ~ak i vrlo pa`ljiva stru~na ~itanja nisu dovoljna za formi- ranje ta~ne predstave o veli~ini i gustini geografskog prostora o kome se peva u hri{}anskoj i muslimanskoj desetera~koj epici na srpskohrvatskom jeziku. Op{te predube|enje o œselja~koj poezijiŒ uskog, lokalnog kruga in- teresovanja i zna~aja, potpuno se menja kada se — posle potpune ekscerp- cije velikog korpusa3 — poka`e da je epski istorijsko-politi~ki prostor po- krivao mediteranski i crnomorski basen, uz pro{irenje na zapad do Londo- na, na sever do Be~a i Petrograda, a na istok do Azova. Ve} i broj od 853 posebna ojkonima svedo~i o neuobi~ajenoj veli~ini epskog sveta.4 S jedne strane, on je toliki zato {to je i imperija u ~ijim je granicama epika nastajala (epska zemlja Tur}ija) bila izuzetno velika, i zato {to su ne- prijatelji te imperije pokrivali tako|e vrlo veliki prostor (epska zemlja nje- ma~ka, mad`arska5, kaurska, frana~ka). S druge strane, gustina ojkonima na tom prostoru raspr{ena je u diskretnim nizovima jer on nije prikazan kao realan, fakti~ki kontinuum, ve} kao raster mesta ~iji zna~aj neposredno za- visi od doga|aja o kojima se peva. U skladu s tim, mnogi veliki evropski gradovi (Petrograd, Pariz, London, Be~, Rim…) ~esto ne ~ine deo epske radnje u smislu popri{ta nekog doga|aja ve} se pominju pasivno, kao mesta u kojima se nalaze dvorovi hri{}anskih vladara koji vode ratove jedni protiv drugih, ili protiv zajedni~kog (muslimanskog) neprijatelja.6 Dana{nji uobi- ~ajen metonimijski obrazac pars pro toto (œzvani~ni Pariz, Beograd, Rim, 3 Korpus na kome je vr{eno istra`ivanje ~ine srpska, hrvatska i muslimanska desete- ra~ka epika, i to celokupne zbirke Vuka Stefanovi}a Karad`i}a (II–IV), uklju~uju}i Dr`av- no izdanje (VI–IX) i izdanje SANU (II–IV), zatim Pjevanija Sime Milutinovi}a Sarajlije i zbirke Matice Hrvatske (I–II; VII–IX), te muslimanske zbirke Matice Hrvatske (III–IV), Koste Hormana (I–III) i Esada Had`iomerspahi}a. To ~ini ukupno 1258 epskih pesama. Detaljni podaci o zbirkama dati su u poglavlju VII — PRILOZI Podaci o gra|i. 4 Ovaj je broj zapravo ve}i jer u kona~nu cifru nisu ura~unata 23 problemati~na na- ziva za koje se ne mo`e utvrditi za kakvo se mesto vezuju, naseljeno ili nenaseljeno (npr. Gunjan, Meraj, Pogrde, Bara, \us, Po{}ela itd.). 5 Za razliku od Un|urije kojom je ozna~avan turski deo Ma|arske. 6 Zbog toga bi bilo gotovo nemogu}e napraviti doslovne mape doga|aja u pesmama koje uz radnju u Bosni, Krajini ili Ravnim Kotarima — na primer — pominju jo{ i careve u Stambolu i Be~u, i moskovsku i englesku kraljicu (npr. KH I, 2, 17, 21 itd.). http://www.balkaninstitut.com UVOD 11 London … smatra da…Œ) u epici ne bi uop{te mogao opstati druk~ije do bu- kvalno, jer se pomen velikog grada u njoj po pravilu ne œka~iŒ za predstavu o zemlji kojoj on pripada.
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    Ljiljana Stošić DOI: 10.2298/BALC1445187S Original scholarly work Institute for Balkan Studies Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts Belgrade The Bay of Cattaro (Kotor) School of Icon-Painting 1680–1860 Abstract: Relying on post-Byzantine tradition, eleven painters from five generations of the Dimitrijević-Rafailović family, accompanied by Maksim Tujković, painted several thousand icons and several hundred iconostases between the late seventeenth and the second half of the nineteenth century. They worked in major Orthodox Chris- tian monasteries in Montenegro, Kosovo and Metohija, Bosnia and Herzegovina and Dalmatia, but their works can mostly be found in modest village churches in the Bay of Kotor (Cattaro) and on the South Adriatic coast. The decoration of these churches was financially supported by the local population headed by elders. Along with a re- construction of their biographies and a chronological overview of their major works, this paper seeks to trace stylistic changes in the Bay of Kotor school of icon-painting. While simply varying a thematic repertory established in earlier periods, the painters from the Bay of Kotor were gradually introducing new details and themes adopted from Western European Baroque art under indirect influences coming from the monastery of Hilandar, Corfu, Venice and Russia. This process makes this indigenous school of icon-painting, which spanned almost two centuries, comparable to the work of Serbian traditional religious painters (zografs) and illuminators active north of the Sava and Danube rivers after the Great Migration of the Serbs (1690). Despite differences between the two, which resulted from different cultural and historical circumstances in which Serbs lived under Ottoman, Venetian and Habsburg rules, similarities in iconography and style, which were inspired by an urge to counteract proselytic pressures, are considerably more important.
  • Po Arhivskoj Građi Iz Historijskog Arhiva U Zadru)

    Po Arhivskoj Građi Iz Historijskog Arhiva U Zadru)

    O AUTORSTVU JEDNE EPSKE PJESME (Po arhivskoj građi iz Historijskog arhiva u Zadru) JEVTO MILOVIĆ Za vrijeme Njegoševe vladavine od 1830. do 1851. često su na dnev­ nom redu čarkanja i bojevi između Crnogoraca i Turaka. Ponekad se vode prave bitke na granici Crne Gore. Turci Skadarskog i Hercegovačkog pa- šaluka upadaju na crnogorsko zemljište, uništavaju usjeve na crnogorskim njivama, pale crnogorske kuće i kolibe, ubijaju crnogorske pastire i plijene im na hiljade sitne i krupne stoke. Odsječene crnogorske glave i veći dio plijena šalju na poklon skadarskom veziru Hafis-paši i hercegovačkom ve­ ziru Ali-paši Rizvanbegoviću, a oni taj nečovječni dar primaju sa zado­ voljstvom. Crnogorci ništa ne praštaju Turcima nego im se strostruko svete. Evo jednog takvog boja između Turaka i Crnogoraca iz 1835. g. koji se može pratiti po dokumentima iz Historijskog arhiva u Zadru. U februaru 1835. g. Turci iz Podgorice i crnogorsko pleme Kuči utvrđuju mir »da mogu slobodno među sobom miješati se i trgovati na prijateljski način«.1 Ali taj mir ne traje dugo. 4./16. marta 1835. dogone dvadeset kučkih pastira2 svoju stoku na ispašu blizu Podgorice. Podgo­ rički zabit Mehmed-spahija Lekić napada ih noću 17. marta, hvata ih žive, zatvara, ubija, njihove glave šalje na poklon Hafis-paši u Skadar i plijeni oko četiri hiljade njihove sitne stoke i stotinu volova. »Teško je Crnogorcima pregoriti dvadesetoro svoje braće, pa jošt da im se viju glave na skadarskom gradu«.3 Uskoro potom slijedi strašna crnogorska osveta. Noću između 9./21. i 10./22. marta 1835. iznenađuju oko pedeset Ceklinjana, Ljubotinjana i Kuča stražare male turske tvrđave u Žabljaku i krišom upadaju u nju.
  • 467 Autobus Vreme Planiranih Dolazaka, I Mapa Trasa Linije

    467 Autobus Vreme Planiranih Dolazaka, I Mapa Trasa Linije

    467 autobus vreme planiranih dolazaka i mapa linije 467 Vrčin > Begaljica > Kamendol > Vrčin Pogledaj U Režimu Web Sajta Linija 467 autobus line (Vrčin > Begaljica > Kamendol > Vrčin) ima 2 trasa. Za redovne radne dane, linija saobraća između: (1) Vrčin > Begaljica > Kamendol > Vrčin: 10:10 - 14:45 (2) Vrčin > Kamendol > Begaljica > Vrčin: 6:15 - 21:10 Koristi Moovit aplikaciju da pronađeš sebi najbližu 467 autobus stanicu i da pogledaš kada sledeća 467 autobus linija dolazi. Smer: Vrčin > Begaljica > Kamendol > Vrčin 467 autobus vreme planiranog reda vožnje 71 stajališta Vrčin > Begaljica > Kamendol > Vrčin red vožnje trase: POGLEDAJ PLANIRANI RED VOŽNJE LINIJE ponedeljak 10:10 - 14:45 utorak 10:10 - 14:45 Vrčin /Avalski Put/ sreda 10:10 - 14:45 Solinska Bara četvrtak 10:10 - 14:45 Jaričište /Stepe Stepanovića/ petak 10:10 - 14:45 Feroplast subota 10:10 - 19:00 Jaričište /Petra Kočića/ nedelja Ne saobraća Jaričište /Pruga/ Stadion 467 autobus informacije Vrčin /Centar/ Smernice: Vrčin > Begaljica > Kamendol > Vrčin Stajališta: 71 Trajanje trase: 118 min. Save Kovačevića Rezime linije: Vrčin /Avalski Put/, Solinska Bara, Саве Ковачевића, Grocka Jaričište /Stepe Stepanovića/, Feroplast, Jaričište /Petra Kočića/, Jaričište /Pruga/, Stadion, Vrčin Vrčin /Centar/, Save Kovačevića, Vrčin, Vrčin /Nadvožnjak/, Vrčin /Gornji Kraj/, 17. Januara, Vrčin /Nadvožnjak/ Janković Kraj, Zaklopača /Ćelije/, Zaklopača, Crkva Sv. Trojice, Dom Kulture, Trafostanica, 4. Jula, Put Za Vrčin /Gornji Kraj/ Zaklopaču, Šumadijska, Ja, Kosmajska, 15. Maja, Bosansko Naselje, Begaljički Most, Vinogradi, 17. Januara Begaljica /Ulaz/, Borisa Kidriča, Zelengora, Ulica Revolucije, Begaljica, Begaljica /Donji Kraj/, Manastir Janković Kraj Rajinovac, Pudarci /Trafo/, Ilinski Kraj /Ulaz/, Ilinski Kraj /Okretnica/, Ilinski Kraj /Dom Kulture/, Pudarci Zaklopača /Ćelije/ /Trafo/, Kamendol R, Kamendol /Ulaz - Pesak/, Kamendol /Centar/, Trajna Jaruga /Okretnica/, Zaklopača Bukovača, Institut, Brestovik R, Brestovik /Vikend Naselje/, Alaska Koliba, Šumadijska, Put Za Crkva Sv.
  • Bulletin of the Natural History Museum, 2008, 1

    Bulletin of the Natural History Museum, 2008, 1

    Bulletin of the Natural History Museum, 2008, 1. 1 Bulletin of the Natural History Museum in Belgrade Natural History Museum Belgrade, 2008 Volume 1 ISSN 1820-9521 Bulletin of the Natural History Museum, 2008, 1. 99 Biology Bulletin of the Natural History Museum, 2008, 1. 229 Bulletin of the Natural History Museum, 2008, 1: 229-242 UDC: 595.773.4(497.11)”2003/2007” SECOND CONTRIBUTION TO KNOWLEDGE OF THE GALL MIDGES (DIPTERA: CECIDOMYIIDAE) OF SERBIA Du š k a Si m o v a -To š i ć Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, Nemanjina 6, SRB-11080 Belgrade-Zemun, Serbia E-mail: [email protected] The present paper cites 19 gall midges species (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), 17 of which are new to the fauna of Serbia. Of these, five are new to the fauna of the Balkan Peninsula and four are recorded for the first time for the republics of former Yugoslavia. Contarinia lini Simova & Skuhravá, the description of which was published in 2007, is a new species to science whose terra typica is Novi Beograd. Recorded in Serbia for the first time in 2007, Obolodiplosis robiniae (Haldeman, 1847) is an invasive species introduced from North America. Key words: Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, fauna, gall midges, new records INTRODUCTION Investigations of gall midges conducted to date on the territory of Serbia have established the presence of 283 species, and 24 more species of as yet undescribed galls with gall midge larvae that probably represent species new to science have also been found. Of the number of species mentioned, 11 are pests of cultivated plants and about 30 are 230 Si m o v a -T o š i ć , D.
  • Crnogorska Plemena

    Crnogorska Plemena

    CRNOGORSKA PLEMENA KATUNSKA NAHIJA: Katunska Nahija se dijeli na devet plemena: Cetinjsko Pleme (Bajice;Donji Kraj; Gnjijevin Do; Jabuka; Bjeloši; Očinici; Ugne) Pleme Njeguši (Dugi Do; Herakovići ili Erakovići; Velji Kraj; Kopito; Vrba; Rajičevici; Velji Zalaz; Mali Zalaz; Žanjev Do; Mirac; Majstori) Pleme Ćeklići (Kućišta; Vuči Do; Krajnji Do ili Pod-Bukovicu; Vojkovići; Milijevići; Petrov Do; Dragomi-do; Jezer) Pleme Bjelice (Dub; Prediš; Lješev Stup; Malošin Do; Ublice; Dide; Tomići; Mikulići) Pleme Cuce - Velje i Male (Velje Cuce: Zaljut; Grepca; Trešnjevačka opština)(Male Cuce: Trnjine; Rovine; Pretin Do ili Prentin Do; Vrljerog; Kobilji Do) Pleme Ozrinići ili Kčevo ili Kčevljani (Kčevo; Donji Kraj; Ožegovice; Ubli; Poljane; Lastva; Velestovo; Markovina; Zagreda) Pleme Pješivci (Gornji Pješivci: Stubica; Povija; Cerovo)(Donji Pješivci: Drenovštica; Milojevići; Vitasovići; Bogmilovići; Zagorak i Selišta; Do) Pleme Zagarač ili Zagarače (Gornje Zagarače: Mijogošt; Mušterovici; Đuričkovići)(Donji Zagarač ili Jednoše ili Jednoško Polje: Povrpoljina ili Povrpolje; Osoje; Prisoje; Podnodoljina ili Podnopolje) Pleme Komani (Bandići): Đeđeza; Mokanje; Milate Bandićske; Župa Bandićska; Mugošina Livada ili Livada)("Komani" u užem smislu: Milate "Komanske"; Dolovi; Zeleni Dolovi; Crvena Paprat; Župa Bezdanska; Baloče; Ora'ovica; Ćava ili Ćafa) LJEŠANSKA NAHIJA: Cijela Lješanska Nahija smatra se kao jedna velika oblasna i narodna cijelina sa nepotpunim plemenskim karakterom. Podjela ide na veća i manja naselja (sa manjim djelovima:"selima" i "seocima") i na dva "plemena", Gradac i Draževinu. Kako ova dva "plemena" nijesu prava plemena to ih stavljamo pod znake navoda. Orasi; Štitari; Releza; Ćepetići; Progonovići; Buronje; Stanisaljići; "Pleme" Gradac; "selo" Gradac; Parci; Župa Gradačka; "Pleme" Draževina; Gornji Kokoti sa Lekićima; Farmaci ili Varmaci; Šteke ili Šteci; Kruse; Beri.