Depth Geological Relations of the Wider Area of Belgrade - Based on the Wells and Geophysical Data
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GEOLOŠKI ANALI BALKANSKOGA POLUOSTRVA Volume 81 (2), December 2020, 1–32 – https://doi.org/10.2298/GABP201030009M Original scientific paper Оригинални научни рад Depth geological relations of the wider area of Belgrade - based on the wells and geophysical data 1 2 orĐE arINovIć jupko uNdIć Đ M & L r Abstract. 2 The subject work covers the Belgrade wider area with a total area of about 2,000 km . The authors integrated the principal geological and geo - physical data provided by surface works and multidisciplinary elements from the fifty-two wells with depths between 33 and 2,733 m. Explicit paleontolo - gical findings of specialized analytists with determinations of macro- and mi - crofauna and flora are presented both from Neogene formations and the older basinal floor. In addition to conventional petrological descriptions of rocks, microscopic determinations of intrusive and extrusive magmatites were also cited. From the enclosed basin space, the mineralization of deep aquifers is also correlative positioned. From the geophysical data for wells deeper than 400 m, records of well logging measurements were used, with markers based Key words: on which valid stratigraphic delimitations were made. Seismic survey sections Stratigraphic elements, were the basis for spatial shaping of Neogene sedimentation and basin floor Neogene, Depth delimitation s, configuration. For in-depth geological interpretations, published and reposi - Geophysical indicators, tory gravimetric and geomagnetic maps of different sizes and years were con - Structural-Paleogeographic sulted. The authors focused primarily on factometric indicators without interpretation. entering into variable and debatable theoretical schematizations, especially orogenically complex of subbasin tectonics, in dissonant relations with the younger disjunctive shaped configuration which is visually shown in the refe - rence cross-sections both vertically and laterally. Апстракт. 2 Предметна референца обухвата простор шире околине Бео - града укупне површине око 2.000 km . Аутори су објединили капиталне геолошке и геофизичке податке обезбеђене површинским истражи - вањима и мултидисциплинарним елементима из 52 бушотин e са дубинама између 33 и 2.733 m. Конкретни палеонтолошки налази спе - цијализованих аналитичара са детерминацијом макро и микрофауне и флоре, презентовани су како из неогених формација тако и из басенске подине. Осим конвенционалних петролошких описа стена цитиране су и микроскопске детерминације интрузивних и екструзивних магматита. Из затвореног басенског простора корелативно су позициониране и ми - нерализације дубинских аквифера. Од геофизичких података за бушоти - не дубље од 400 m коришћени су записи каротажних мерења , са 1 Radnička 41, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia. маркерима на основу којих су извршена валидна стратиграфска раз - 2 University of Belgrade – Faculty of Mining and Geology, Department of Regional Geology, Kamenička 6, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia. Email: [email protected] 1 ĐoRĐE MaRiNoVić & L jUpKo RUNDić Кључне речи : Стратиграфски елементи , граничења. Секције сеизмичких испитивања биле су основ за просторно неоген , дубинска разграничења , обликовање неогене седиментације и конфигурације басенске подине. геофизички показатељи, За дубинска геолошка тумачења консултоване су објављене и фондовске структурно-палеогеографска гравиметријске и геомагнетне карте разних година и размера. Аутори су интерпретација се задржали првенствено на фактометријским показатељима не улазећи у променљиве и дискутабилне теоретске шематизације нарочито орогено сложене подбасенске тектонизације, у дисонантном односу са млађом, дисјунктивно обликованом неогеном конфигурацијом која је у референтној графици визуелно приказана и вертикално и латерално. Introduction mimicking the configuration of the inherited paleo - relief. The alpine-type tectonized structure is not The wider area of the city of Belgrade includes not identically oriented with the younger disjunctive only its central and highly urban part, but also all the shaped basin structure of Neogene. It is understood peripheral settlements that stretch around that that parts of the more pronounceudN rduIć ptures were re - urban core from both side of the Sava and danube activated during the Neogene ( r et al., 2019). rivers. Within that, so-called the Belgrade danube These facts influenced the authors of this paper meander (Beogradski dunavski ključ), in the nar - to make the basic driving motto has been factome - rower sense, means the area of Belgrade or its east - try, i.e. the desire to present the subsurface struc - ern rim that follows the course of the danube river tures of the wider Belgrade area with much more in the coastal part and low inner hills (višnjica, Slanci, details. veliko Selo) all the way to Mirijevo and vinča. once a Thanks to geological-geophysical research as marginal part of the Belgrade settlement and a space well as performed exploratory drilling, it has long suitable for field trips and professional observationuEs, been known that paleorelief or “old rocks” exposed it has a long tradition of geological research ( B , on the surface of the terrain south of the danube 1840). From that time, numerous studies have been river, build the basis for the Neogene and QETukaotveIr ć - done, hundreds of wells have been drilled and some nary sedNimĐEeLnkotsv Iuć p to 4000 amr ItNhoivcIkć (e.g. p , generally known facts have been established. Many 1951; aIkoLIć , 196a0kS; IMM ovIć , 1970, 1a9N7T1Ić , papers havea bvLeoevnIć publisheduk aobvIoć ut this afateSkr aWrEov rld 197u7L; INć , 19a7d6Iv; oMjEvIć et al. , 19u9N0čI;ć p War I (e.g. p , 1922; L , 1922; L et & d , u1L9Ić 90; r et al ., 2010; d et al., al., 1931). after World War II, the interest of the geo - 2017; d et al., 2019). Having all this in mind, as logical public spread to the other side of the danube, well as the existence of clear discordant relations and with the beginning of hydrocarbon exploration between stratigraphic units and, in that sense, sig - in Banat and beyond, the subsurface geology of the nificant stratigraphic deviations in a smaller area widaerrIN oBveIlć grade area became even more relevant (local unconformities, erosions, pronounced dis - (M , 1959, 1961, 1962). For example, it was junctive tectonics, etc.), the presentation of our re - understand that the subsurface geological composi - sults will contribute to a better understanding of tion of that area is a reflection of the genesis and evo - these processes. lution of the pannonian Basin, pronounced syn- and Considering that nowadays it is difficult to get di - post-rift Neogene tectonics and block structure. This rect data related to exploratory drilling and geo - conditioned the existence of differences in a relatively physical research of the Neogene of vojvodina, and small area, the formation of smaller or larger depres - that subsurface geological models are established sioInkosL Iać s opposeTdEv atoNo dvIićstinct structural elevations mainly on the basis of re-interpretation of existing 2(N , 1976; S , 1977). Neogene sediments data and their further aGepopl. raon.x Biamlk.a ptoilouons,. , a2 0h20u, g81e ( 2d),a 1t–a 32- heterochronously cover the pre-Neogene bedrock, base of geological documents (primarily strati - Depth geological relations of the wider area of Belgrade - based on the wells and geophysical data graphic-paleontological, structural and well-logging deposits with volcanics of the Lower and Middle data), was the key motive for presenting these re - Miocene, marine and marine-brackish Middle Mio - sults to the wider professional and scientific public. cene and caspibrackish to freshwater sediments of Having in mind that the studied area in the northern the upper Miocene to pliocene). due to the large part is completely covered with Quaternary sedi - number of papers regarding this, only those in which ments, the paper especially emphasizes specific and the authors dealt with various aspects of the predo - original interpretations of the distribution and minantlyu MkoivoIcć ene of thaev LaorveIć a are listeadSk acrhErvo no lo - depth relationship of main stratigraphic units as gically ( LaSkarEv , 1922; p EICHE,r 1922B; rLadovIć et al., wAenl lo avs ethreviire mwo ropfh tohsteru gcetuorlaol gfeiactaulres. 19a3r1IN; oL vIć , 1949; W & o ILETIć , 1p9a5jI0ć ; background M ar,I N1o9v6Ić 1, 19E6M2EN, C1I 977, 19T8a2N;G aMčI LovIć -S , 19r S6T1Ić; M & k TEvaNo, 1v9Ić 69; S , 1969I ; koLIć , 1973, 19IL8a5ko; SvIć , 19IH5a7jL, o1 v9Ić75, 19N7E7žE; vNIć - , 19u7M6a; r M uNdI,ć 1986; M aSkovIć & k aTovIć , 1989; Š oLIć & r , 1992NE; žvEvIć a& N IMć , The studied area is shown on the index (to - 1996; drSTIć , 1997, 1998; kCHWarCHa&NS G , 2005, po nyms) map (Fig. 1). It is spatially limited by a 20aN0I8ć ; k et al., 20NĐ1E2L;k SovIć adIvoejEt vaIćl ., 2015; quadrangle: Belegiš–Banatsko Novo Selo–v. Mošta - GovaNoveItć al., 2016; a & r , 2018; nica–Mala ada (Brestovik). It is mainly covered by j et al., 2019). The most important details and thinner or thicker Quaternary deposits of various results of the mentioned research will be discussed genesis (alluvium, river-marsh sediments, river ter - in more detail in the following chapters of this paper. races, deluvial-proluvial deposits, loess-paleosoil se - In the base of Neogene formations, there are the qvukeonvcIć es, etc.), asa re kvoidveIć nced by nuENmaedrIć ous data (e.g. older rocks mostly built of various post-Triassic for - I audEN,y 1I 966; M N,E 1ž9Ev8I5ć ; N et al.,o 2L0jIć11; mations (diabases,