Space Frontiers in the Classroom

❶ t m ❷ igh a ❸ yr te p r i o a

l C For reviewSpace purposes only ❹ © ❻ ❺ a i M l a a Frontierstr c m s i u lla n A n Educatio ❽ ❼

Hints for using Macmillan Note on the use of the term Russia Wall Charts: Space Frontiers These Wall Charts use the term Russia. Students in the classroom will need to be aware, when undertaking research, that between 1922 and 1991 the political The Wall Charts can be a valuable classroom entity now known as Russia referred to itself resource to: as the Soviet Union, United Soviet Socialist • provide a stimulus for discussion and research Republic or USSR. This includes the period of about space time relating to the space race. Also available: • provide background information that covers a range of themes about space frontiers including the history of space travel and space inventions • inspire critical thinking, analysis and reflection.

The charts can be used with individual students, small groups or the whole class and can be displayed individually or as a set, as appropriate.ht m Display the front of the cihartg to students. Ask what a they can observe on the chart. Ask them to make Thinking Themes: r t Space Frontiers Ages 10+ inferences about what is displayed, what they think e ISBN 978 1 4202 7879 8 y is happening. Read the background information to the class. p r i Use the qouestions listed to stimulate further a discussion, or allocate the questions to students l for research.C The questions are organised under thinking skill headings so that teachers can foster higher order thinking in the classroom. Students might also create their own research questions or deForvise their oreviewwn areas of inquiry. Providepurposes time only Macmillan Young Library Series: Space Frontiers for sharing research information and for further Space Missions © ISBN: 978 1 4202 7332 8 discussion and inquiry. Living and Working in Space ISBN: 978 1 4202 7333 5 a Space Technology i ISBN: 978 1 4202 7334 2 l Our Solar System M ISBN: 978 1 4202 7335 9 The Universe a ISBN: 978 1 4202 7337 3 Space Science a r ISBN: 978 1 4202 7336 6 t c s m u illa A n E tion duca Questions—lists First published in 2010 by MACMILLAN EDUCATION questions for you to ask AUSTRALIA PTY LTD Background to students. The questions 15-19 Claremont Street, South Yarra 3141 chart—gives a are designed to support Visit our website at brief description of and facilitate the following www.macmillan.com.au each image on the thinking skills: Associated companies and representatives Wall Chart, plus any throughout the world. • Observing relevant information. Copyright © Macmillan • Comprehending Education Australia 2010 • Applying Macmillan Wall Charts: Space Frontiers • Analysing ISBN 978 1 4202 7900 9 • Reflecting Teaching notes by Colin Shipway • Evaluating

Publisher: Sharon Dalgleish Managing editor: Bonnie Wilson Editor: Jess Ní Chuinn Proofreader: Mia Santoromito Design: Cliff Watt Printed by MPAL While every care has been taken to trace and acknowledge copyright, the publisher tenders apologies for any accidental infringement where copyright has proved untraceable. Where the search has been unsuccessful, the publisher welcomes information that would redress the situation. Key ideas—provides a few brief statements that sum up the key ideas covered by the images. Name: Neil Armstrong 1969 and Edwin ‘Buzz’ Aldrin (pictured) Country: North America Spacecraft: Apollo 11 Famous for: first humans on the Moon ight ma Spaceyr racete p r i o a

Name: Valentina l C Tereshkova Country: Russia 1963 Spacecraft: Vostok 6 FamousFor for: first review woman in purposes only © space a i M l a a r Name: Yuri Gagarin t 1961 Country: cRussia s m u Spacecraft: Vostoki 1 A Famous for: first lhumanla in n space n Educatio

Name: Laika Country: Russia 1957 Spacecraft: Sputnik 2 Famous for: first animal in space SPACE FRONTIERS Chart 1

Background to chart 1969: Neil Armstrong and Edwin Questions ‘Buzz’ Aldrin were the first humans This chart shows a time line that to walk on the Moon. Armstrong Observing presents important milestones in the took this photo of Aldrin stepping • Describe the features of the space race. down from the lunar module Eagle. spacecraft that carried Laika into The two spent three hours on the space. After World War II, North America Moon’s surface while Michael Collins • What changes in technology have and Russia were engaged in a Cold remained in orbit ont board the enabled space travel? War. It was called a ‘cold’ war because h m commandg module Apollo 11. there was no physical fighting, but the i a r t Comprehending two countries were opposed politically ySpace racee• Why were animals sent into space and ideologically. The development Key ideas before people? of superior space technology becamep r • The development of science • Suggesti a newspaper headline for important for potential military use eacha photo. and as evidence of superiority. Theo and technology has enabled humans to travel into space. space race unofficially commenced l in 1957 when Russia successfullyC • The space race was a race Applying launched Sputnik 1, the first artificial between communist Russia • What specific information was satellite to orbit the Earth. There is and capitalist America. They gathered about space travel from some debate about when theFor space reviewcompeted topurposes demonstrate onlyLaika’s mission? race ended and who won it. their ideological and military © superiority over each other. Analysing • Why do youa think there have been 1957: This photo shows Laika, a i Russian dog. Laika becameM the first no further Moonl landings since living thing to travel into space, on Apollo 17 (1972)?a r board Sputnik 2. Recent revelationsa • What mightt each person (or animal) confirm Laika died within a fewc hours be thinkings or feeling in the photos? of lift-off from stress and overheating.m Suggestu thought balloons for each. Nevertheless, the scientific results ill A from Laika’s mission paved the way an n Reflecting for human space flight. E tio • How do you feel about the use of duca animals in space? 1961: Yuri Gagarin was a Russian • What attitudes and personal cosmonaut. He became the first qualities does someone need to be human in space when he orbited the the ‘first’ person to travel into space? Earth for 108 minutes on board Vostok 1. Evaluating • Were Armstrong and Aldrin 1963: Valentina Tereshkova was a foolhardy, incredibly brave, both or Russian cosmonaut who became the neither? Explain your opinion. first woman in space. She spent nearly • Who do you think won the space three days orbiting the Earth 45 times Acknowledgements race and why? (once every 88 minutes) on Vostok 6. Laika: Corbis/Bettman Yuri Gagarin: Corbis/Bettman Valentina Tereshkova: Photolibrary/Science Photo Library Buzz Aldrin: NASA/courtesy of nasaimages.org ight ma yr te p r i o a

l LivingC in space: Food For review purposes only ©

a i M l a a r c t m s i u lla n A n Educatio SPACE FRONTIERS Chart 2

Background to chart Dried food, such as a macaroni and cheese meal, Questions is prepared by adding water. Food can be cooked in Clockwise from top left: An astronaut sampling a a convection oven. Salth and tpepper m are in a liquid Observing beverage during a food evaluation session; astronauts form for safety.i gFood that makes crumbs, fora example • Describe things in the background of each photo. and cosmonauts from three different crews sharing bread, is notr allowed on a spacecraft because thet small What equipment, posters, signs, clothing, do you see? a meal on board the International Space Station (ISS); particlesy can damage equipment and be dangerouse to an astronaut watching a spoonful of food float freely astronauts.p r Comprehending while eating a meal; an astronaut preparing to eat a i • What are some of the difficulties about eating in space? meal at the galley on board space shuttle Discovery; o a• Why are foods which produce crumbs banned on an astronaut eating an apple on board the ISS. Key ideas a space mission? l Astronauts eat three meals a day in space. The physical C • Astronauts need nutritionally balanced food act of eating does not depend on gravity, so chewingLiving in space:Applying Food to stay healthy in space. food and swallowing is the same in space as it is on • Technology in food preservation, packaging, • What foods do you have at home that might have Earth. preparation and storage has evolved since been developed for space? For review purposes only• Which foods produce crumbs or fine grains and Astronauts usually eat off special trays attached to a the early days of space travel to provide © would be banned on a space mission? wall or to their lap. (You can see the Velcro straps that astronauts with a wide variety of appetising hold the tray on the trousers in the photo top left.) and healthy food on space missions. a Analysingi Astronauts use knives, forks and spoons but also needM l • What are the special issues relating to food in space? scissors to cut packages open. Drinks need to be taken a Why? through straws or the liquid would float away. a r c • tDescribe how food is prepared for space. Most food in space will have been frozen or m s thermostabilised. Thermostabilisation is a process u Reflecting that uses heat to kill any germs that might make the il A la n • What do you think is the worst thing about eating in food rot. Drinks are usually rehydrated. There are no n io space? Why? refrigerators on spaceships, so fresh fruit and vegetables AcknowledgementsEducat • How do you think the astronauts in the photos are usually eaten during the first few days, although might feel about meals in space? a new process has been developed to protect fresh Astronaut sampling a beverage: NASA/courtesy of nasaimages.org Astronauts and cosmonauts share a meal: NASA/courtesy of items from rotting. Meat is irradiated to sterilise it and nasaimages.org Evaluating prevent spoilage. Astronaut watching a spoonful float: NASA/courtesy of • Do you think your favourite food would be available nasaimages.org on a space station? Explain. Astronaut preparing to eat a meal: NASA/courtesy of nasaimages.org • Is taste or nutritional value more important for Astronaut eating an apple: NASA/courtesy of nasaimages.org astronauts? Explain your opinion. Rest

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l C For review purposes only ©

a i M l a a r c t m s i u Exercise lla Recreationn A n Educatio SPACE FRONTIERS Chart 3

Background to chart The third photo shows astronaut Questions Greg Chamitoff playing chess in the Astronauts in space have a similar Harmony Node 2 of the ISS. The Observing daily routine to people on Earth. They chess pieces are attached using Velcro. • What do you notice about the have jobs to do, they eat meals, wash Mental health is also important in sleeping arrangements in the themselves, and engage in recreational space, especially during six-month first photo? activities, exercise and sleep. rotations in a confined space. • What special provisions are Astronauts can listent to music, read necessary to be able to play chess or This chart has three photos which h m Livingand usei g laptopsin to communicatespace: witha use exercise Rest, equipment in space? show rest, exercise and recreation in friendsr and family members in their space. The first photo shows three t yspare time. eComprehending astronauts in their sleeping bags. • How and why are sleeping bags Sleeping bags need to beExercise, strapped p Recreationr securedi on a spacecraft? down so the astronauts don’t bumpo • Whya is physical exercise important into anything while they sleep. On Key ideas for staying healthy in space? some spacecraft, astronauts sleep in • Microgravity affects every l cubbies with sliding doors. C aspect of life in space. Applying • Daily exercise in space is very The second photo shows astronaut • What other recreational games important to keep astronauts Joseph Acaba using the bicycle could be used in space and how For reviewfit and health purposesy. only ergometer (exercise bike) on the space would they need to be modified? © • Recreation and leisure time is shuttle Discovery. Microgravity in space • How well do you think you would important for mental health in causes bones and muscles to lose mass sleep in space?a space. i and strength. When astronautsM return l to Earth they can experience problems Analysinga r such as broken bones and hearta • Why ist recreation an important part disease. Exercise routines have beenc of ans astronaut’s routine? developed to keep astronauts fit form • Howu much time should be allowed their return to Earth. Weight training i Afor recreation each day on a space ll station? exercises and resistance exercises using an n pulleys duplicate the effect of gravity E tio and help astronauts maintain muscle duca Reflecting tone and bone strength. Astronauts • How would you spend your leisure have to work with extra weights time on a space station? because weights are lighter in space. • What games or activities would On space missions of less than two you miss most if you lived on a weeks, half an hour of daily exercise is space station? Why? recommended. On the International Space Station (ISS), 2.5 hours per day is Evaluating essential because astronauts spend six • How do you think you would cope months in space. Acknowledgements in space for 14 straight months (the Astronauts in sleeping bags: NASA/ record for time spent in space)? courtesy of nasaimages.org • What do astronauts need to think Joseph Acaba: NASA/courtesy of about when living and working with nasaimages.org Greg Chamitoff: NASA/courtesy of people from different backgrounds nasaimages.org on the ISS? ight ma yr te p r i o a

l Living inC space: Hygiene For review purposes only ©

a i M l a a r c t m s i u lla n A n Educatio SPACE FRONTIERS Chart 4

Background to chart Cutting hair Astronaut Koichi Wakata cuts his hair Questions using a vacuum hose to suck away the freshly cut Clockwise from top left: hair. The vacuum is necessaryht to preventm loose hairs Observing Waste Management System Toilets in space have leg floating awayi andg getting into the air the astronautsa • Describe how an astronaut would perform each restraints and thigh bars to prevent astronauts from breathe. Astronautsr must use roll-on rather thant spray hygiene activity in the photos. floating away. There is no water for flushing; running deodorantsy for the same reason. e omprehending water cannot be contained in microgravity and would C Notp pictured Astronauts can’t do laundry because therer • Why does a space toilet use suction to collect the be dangerous on a space vehicle. Waste matter is is no water available. Nor can they pack six months’ i waste matter? sucked away and sealed in plastic bags. Astronauts o a worth of clothes, so they have to wear the same clothes • Why can’t astronauts use spray deodorants in space? use individual urine funnels to collect their urine for for many days. Luckily, clothes don’t get as dirty in recycling. l LivingC space. Sometimes in astronauts’ space: dirty clothes are returned AHygienepplying Brushing hair Microgravity makes it difficult for to Earth with them, but often the dirty laundry is • How would you feel about using no-rinse soap and astronaut Tracy Caldwell to brush her hair without it loaded onto a non-reusable supply vessel and sent off shampoo? standing up. Forinto review space to burn up upon purposes re-entry into the Earth’s only• Suggest a set of instructions for managing particular atmosphere. hygiene tasks on a space station. Shaving Astronaut James Voss shaves using an electric© razor as running water is not available. Analysinga i • Whyl is it necessary to recycle urine and used water Cleaning hair, bodies and teeth Astronauts cannotM Key ideas use running water, so they have to clean their hair with ina space? r shampoo that does not require rinsing. They also washa • Hygiene tasks are more complicated in • t Why can’t astronauts pack enough clean clothes for their bodies using wet wipes or sponges and a soap that c space; many require modified equipment and s their mission? does not need to be rinsed off. Astronauts can brush m procedures. u Reflecting their teeth but they have to swallow their toothpaste or • i Water is precious in space and has to be l A • Why do astronauts bother with haircuts and shaving spit it into a wash cloth. continuallla y recycled. n n io on a space station? Educat • What do you think happens if you get sick on a space station? Acknowledgements Space toilet: NASA/courtesy of nasaimages.org Evaluating Tracy Caldwell: NASA/courtesy of nasaimages.org • Which hygiene activity would you find most difficult James Voss: NASA/courtesy of nasaimages.org to get used to in space? Why? Astronaut preparing to clean hair: NASA/courtesy of • Why is it extremely important to stop the spread of nasaimages.org Koichi Wakata: NASA/courtesy of nasaimages.org germs in space? Primary Life Support Subsystem (PLSS) ht m helmet ig a Extravehicularyr te p r i o a wrist mirror Mobility Unit l C Displays and Control ModuleFor (DCM) review purposes only ©

a i cuff checklist M l a a tr c s Simplified Aid for m u i A EVA Rescue (SAFER) lla n n Educatio tether SPACE FRONTIERS Chart 5

Background to chart The helmet has a thin layer of Questions gold which acts as a filter for the This astronaut is working outside the sun’s dangerous rays. The visor is Observing space vehicle during an extravehicular toughened to protect the astronaut • Describe the features of an EMU. activity (EVA) or spacewalk. from objects that might strike the • What can you see in the background Astronauts sometimes need to work visor. A camera can be attached to the of the photo? outside their space vehicles to make visor to send images inside the space repairs or help build the space station. vehicle or to Earth.t A tube projecting Comprehending A spacewalk can last up to eight hours. h m Extravehicularinto theig helmet connects to a poucha of • Explain the function of each part of waterr so the astronaut can drink. t the unit. To survive during these activities, an y e• How comfortable does the EMU astronaut must wear a complicated MobilityTethers attach the spacewalker to the Unitlook?r Why do you say that? spacesuit and life support system p vehicle so the astronaut does not float i called an Extravehicular Mobility Unit away. a (EMU). o Applying • Describe what the astronaut might The Simplified Aid for EVA Rescue l The Primary Life Support SubsystemC see and hear? (SAFER) is a nitrogen powered • Why does oxygen need to be (PLSS) is covered in protective layers backpack that can propel an astronaut of cloth and attached to the back supplied to, and carbon dioxide through space if the tethers become removed from, the EMU? of the spacesuit. The PLSSFor pumps reviewdetached. A joystick purposes is used to control only oxygen into the spacesuit and removes © the jetpack. carbon dioxide. It holds water cooling Analysing • If it’s cold ina outer space, why equipment and a fan to keep the i astronaut from overheating.M An alarm would an astronautl be in danger of sounds if there is something wrong overheating?a Key ideas r with the suit. a • Comparet protective clothing for c • EMUs provide protection and a occupationss such as deep-sea diving, The Displays and Control Modulem means of survival for astronauts firefighting,u race car driving or the (DCM) is the control panel for the ill to undertake EVAs. Adefence forces. spacesuit. It controls all the suit’s a• n Everything that an astronaut n functions including the primary life needs E for a long spacewalkt iiso Reflecting support system. A wrist mirror is part of thed EMUu. ca • Describe how the astronaut in the worn so that the astronaut can see the photo might be feeling. Suggest a display on the front. Everything on the speech balloon for him. display is written back-to-front. • How would you feel in the astronaut’s position? A cuff checklist attached to the astronaut’s arm lists all the tasks that Evaluating need to be done. • List the parts of an EMU in order of importance. • Of deep-sea diving and spacewalking, which do you think is the most dangerous? Why do you Awckno ledgements think that? Extravehicular Mobility Unit: Photolibrary/ Science Photo Library ight ma Spaceyr colonieste p r i o a

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a i M l a a r c t m s i u lla n A n Educatio SPACE FRONTIERS Chart 6

Background to chart Bottom illustration: shows an artist’s Questions impression of a future colony on Mars. The main reasons for establishing a Scientists believe the environment Observing permanent base on the Moon are: on Mars could once have supported • Where do you think each of these to access the Moon’s resources; for life as it used to have large oceans, a space colonies is? What do you see launching expeditions to Mars and thick atmosphere and polar caps that in each illustration to make you beyond; for further space research. were similar to Earth. Today, Mars has think that? similar geological featurest to Earth, China, Russia, North America h m such ias gvolcanoes and deserts, but athe Comprehending and a Swedish-based international atmospherer contains too little oxygen t • What differences would there be consortium all have plans to establishSpace yto support human life, andcolonies its oceans ebetween living on the Moon and a lunar base in the future. North have long since dried up and all that on Mars? America proposes to have people livep r remains is salt in the soil. However, • Whati do you think is happening in and work on the Moon for extendedo snow sometimes falls and fog, frost eacha illustration? periods of time. It also has a Mars and ice are common in the mornings Exploration Program which aims, on Mars. l among other things, to establishC Applying • What things do scientists need to whether or not life ever existed More study and exploration by robots on Mars. consider when designing a lunar is required before humans can safely base? For reviewestablish a colony purposes there, but it is not only Top illustration: is an artist’s • How would you design a space © beyond the realms of science to do so. impression of a future mining site on colony on Mars? a the Moon. The artist has depicted an i oxygen harvesting facility.M Oxygen Analysing l will be needed for people to inhabit • What aspectsa make travel to Mars so Key ideas r the Moon, so finding ways toa harvest it dangeroust for astronauts? on the Moon is vital. c • Scientists believe that the Moon • Whats problems could inhabitants of m will provide useful resources a ulunar base experience? The Moon’s soil is rich in iron, ill for Earth. A aluminium, magnesium, titanium and a• n A permanent base on the n Reflecting other elements which could be used Moon E can be used as a tio • How can the Moon’s resources be in a lunar metals production plant launching dpointu forc furather shared equitably among the Earth’s for shipment to Earth. A substance space exploration. peoples? called Helium-3 is also found on the • Travelling to, and living on, the • How should the Moon’s Moon. It is very rare on Earth, but is Moon or Mars are dangerous environment and resources be potentially a rich source of energy for and difficult missions. managed? fuelling the Earth’s power needs and for supporting exploration to Mars and Evaluating beyond. Helium-3 is currently thought • What do you think are the benefits to be an environmentally friendly of setting up a permanent lunar energy source. base? Acknowledgements • What do you think are the advantages and disadvantages of Moon colony: NASA/courtesy of exploring Mars? nasaimages.org/Pat Rawlings Mars colony: Photolibrary/Science Photo Library/Richard Bizley Zarya Zvezda Unity Node 1 ight ma Soyuz Tranquility Node 3 r t y e radiator and cupola p r i a solar array Destiny o l C Internationalstarboard Space Station truss For review purposes only © port a i M l truss a Columbus a tr c s m u Harmony Node 2 il A lan on Japanese Experimental Educati Module (JEM)

JEM exposed facility SPACE FRONTIERS Chart 7

Background to chart Destiny is the US research laboratory. Questions Columbus is the European research laboratory. The International Space Station (ISS) is a research Japanese Experimentalh Modulet (JEM)m is the Japanese Observing facility jointly funded by North America, Russia, research laboratory.ig a • What do you notice about the structure of the ISS? Europe, Japan and Canada. Brazil and Italy are involved The JEM rExposed Facility is an external platformt in special projects. The ISS can be seen from Earth used toy conduct research in the exposed environmente Comprehending and is the size of a football field. It orbits the Earth at a ofp space. r • Why is the integrated truss structure a useful speed of 28 000 kilometres per hour, maintaining this Unity Node 1 connects living and work areas. It is i structure for the ISS? speed to stay in orbit. oused for storage and is where astronauts can exercise. a• What could be some disadvantages of this structure? Construction began, in orbit, in 1998. The station has Harmony Node 2 links the three international Applying laboratories and increases the station’s living and l been continually crewed since November 2000, with C • What are the advantages of having laboratories in missions usually lasting six months.Internationalwork space. Space Station space on a permanent basis? Tranquility Node 3 contains the life support system Some sections of the ISS are: which recycles waste water and generates oxygen. The Integrated Truss Structure, the backbone of the Analysing ForIt supportsreview a cupola which purposes has a flight deck and only ISS, which includes the starboard truss and port truss. • How does the ISS travel in space? © windows for Earth observations. The solar array houses solar panels that convert • How can experiments on humans working on the ISS Soyuz spacecrafts are used for crew rotation, sunlight to DC power. assista in understanding how humans will cope with emergency evacuation, and carrying supplies i The radiator is the cooling system. M the llong flight to Mars? and equipment. The Zarya Module was the first section of the ISS to • Howa would you persuade other countries to become a invr olved in the work of the ISS? be launched. Initially it was used for electrical power, t communications and orientation control, but now is c s eflecting primarily used for storage and its external fuel tanks. mKey ideas R u • What do you think about the use of the ISS by The Zvezda Service Module has many functions such • i Thel International Space Station is a research A tourists who pay approximately US$25 000 000 for as providing living quarters, electrical power, flight la facility operated and funded by a consortiumn their trip? control, data processing and propulsion systems, and n io of nations. E t • What would happen to the crew of the ISS if war remains the structural and functional centre of the duca • The ISS is permanently staffed, with crew started between the countries which operate it? Russian sector. usually working for six months before rotating back to Earth. Evaluating • What do you think are the advantages of international cooperation on the space station? Acknowledgements • Do you think Australia should become involved in International Space Station: Photolibrary/Science Photo Library the ISS? Justify your opinion. ight ma Spaceyr technologyte p r i o on Earth a l C For review purposes only ©

a i M l a a r c t m s i u lla n A n Educatio SPACE FRONTIERS Chart 8

Background to chart protect drivers from the extreme engine Questions heat. It is also used to protect firefighters. Technology developed or refined for Observing use in space can have spin-off uses or Diving suit NASA research and • Describe the items on the front of benefits back on Earth. technology was used to create diving the poster. How is each one used suits capable of protecting deep-sea on Earth? Racing swimsuit Speedo asked NASA divers from hazardous environments to help design a swimsuit for racing, • How is the diving suit similar to a such as toxic spills, chemical warfare spacesuit? based on NASA’s experience with agents or highh pressuret in deepm seas. studying forces of friction and Spacedrag. ig technologya Ninety-four percent of gold medals in CATr scan NASA made developments in t Comprehending swimming at the 2008 Olympics were ydigital imaging technology to enhance e• How might each item have been won in the new Speedo suit. p pictures ofon the Moon. CATEarth scans and used,r or developed from something MRIs use this computer imaging used,i in space? Cordless power tool In the 1960s, NASA technology to show soft tissue, internal a contracted Black and Decker to createo a organs and bones which helps diagnose Applying cordless rotary hammer drill to extract and treat medical conditions. l rock samples from the Moon’s surface.C • How does water become Although cordless power tools existed Teflon frying pan Teflon was invented contaminated? before NASA’s involvement, a result of in 1938. It was used to coat frying pans • What special feature would the the collaboration was that BlackFor and reviewto create a non-stick purposes surface for cooking onlyBlack and Decker cordless rotary Decker created other tools to benefit food. NASA raised the profile of the drill have needed to extract rock © humans, including cordless medical trademark when it used Teflon to coat samples on the Moon? heat shields, spacesuits and cargo hold a instruments and the Dustbuster. i M liners to reduce friction in space. Analysing l GPS receiver The Global Positioning • What tests would NASA have used Ear thermometer An ear thermometer a System is made up of satellites aorbiting on the cordlessr drill for the Moon? the Earth, monitoring stations onc detects infra-red energy or heat. The t Earth, and receivers owned by users.m technology used in ear thermometers s The radionavigation system was first was developed to measure the Refleucting • Is space technology worth the cost? developed for use in space. It is now free i temperature of distant stars and planets. A ll • What tools developed by space for use by anyone with a GPS receiver. an n Key ideasE tio agencies do you think are the most Water filter NASA developed advances duca useful? in water filtration to sterilise astronauts’ • Technology created for or drinking water in space. On Earth, this refined by the space program Evaluating is vital for areas with contaminated can lead to innovations and • Why do you think space agencies water or no drinking water. different uses on Earth. such as NASA work with private NASCAR Thermal protection system industry? (TPS) materials were developed to Acknowledgements • If a space agency such as NASA is safeguard space shuttles from excessive funded by the government, what heat upon re-entry into the Earth’s Speedo swimsuit: NASA Spinoff should happen with the technology Cordless power tool: Shutterstock/Eldo atmosphere. This fire-resistant material GPS: iStockphoto/Roberta Casaliggi it invents? is now used in NASCAR racing cars to Water filter: iStockphoto/Igor Terekhov NASCAR: iStockphoto/Jacom Stephens Diving suit: NASA Spinoff CAT scan: Shutterstock/Laurent Dambies Frying pan: Shutterstock/Paul Paladin Ear thermometer: iStockphoto/Melissa King

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