Surviving in Space
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5-8 Satellites and “Weightlessness” Objects in Orbit Are Said to Experience Weightlessness
5-8 Satellites and “Weightlessness” Objects in orbit are said to experience weightlessness. They do have a gravitational force acting on them, though! The satellite and all its contents are in free fall, so there is no normal force. This is what leads to the experience of weightlessness. 5-8 Satellites and “Weightlessness” More properly, this effect is called apparent weightlessness, because the gravitational force still exists. It can be experienced on Earth as well, but only briefly: Calculating the Local Force of Gravity So the local gravitational acceleration depends upon your distance from the center of mass. Usually this is your distance from the center of the Earth ConcepTest 5.9 Fly Me Away You weigh yourself on a scale inside an airplane that is flying with constant 1) greater than speed at an altitude of 20,000 feet. 2) less than How does your measured weight in the 3) same airplane compare with your weight as measured on the surface of the Earth? ConcepTest 5.9 Fly Me Away You weigh yourself on a scale inside an airplane that is flying with constant 1) greater than speed at an altitude of 20,000 feet. 2) less than How does your measured weight in the 3) same airplane compare with your weight as measured on the surface of the Earth? At a high altitude, you are farther away from the center of Earth. Therefore, the gravitational force in the airplane will be less than the force that you would experience on the surface of the Earth. ConcepTest 5.10 Two Satellites Two satellites A and B of the same mass 1) 1/8 are going around Earth in concentric 2) 1/4 orbits. -
Design of Senior Family Bathroom System Based on Demand Theory
E3S Web of Conferences 179, 02080 (2020) https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202017902080 EWRE 2020 Design of Senior Family Bathroom System Based on Demand Theory Rong Han1, Dandan Shao2*and YuXin Wang 3 1 College of Art, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang City, Jiangsu Province,212000, China 2 College of Art, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang City, Jiangsu Province,212000, China 3 College of Art, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang City, Jiangsu Province,212000, China Abstract. Aiming at the characteristics of the elderly population, based on the demand theory, this paper proposes a design scheme of a suitable family bathroom system. Based on the theory of Maslow's demand theory, understand the real psychological status of the elderly through theoretical transformation, analyze the physical and psychological characteristics of the elderly, and simulate the specific behavior of the elderly in the bathroom space system through user interviews. In response to the elderly's needs for the space, facilities and supporting facilities of the bathroom system, a type of bathroom space was finally selected to carry out the design practice, which provided certain theoretical support and practical reference value for the subsequent research of bathroom products for the elderly. them focus on the general analysis of the product size and lack the corresponding in-depth exploration. At 1 Introduction present, there are many plagiarism products in the Since 2000, China has begun to enter an aging society. bathroom market and lack of innovative design. The Population aging is an inevitable trend in social design of home bathroom systems based on the theory of development and a hot topic in the world today (as needs is a targeted, humanized adjustment and change shown in Figure 1). -
Various Study Papers Download
33 rd Canadian Medical and Biological Engineering Society Conference œ Vancouver œ June 15-18 2010 Topic Area - Physiological systems and models. Plantar Biophotonic Stimulation improves Ocular-motor and Postural Control in Motor Vehicle Accident Patients. Amanmeet Garg a, Michelle Bruner a, Philippe A. Souvestre b, Andrew P. Blaber a a) Department of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC, Canada. b) NeuroKinetics Health Services B.C. Inc., Suite 60 Hycroft Centre, 3195 Granville Street, Vancouver, BC, Canada. Introduction: Worldwide road accident related statistics reflect a consistent increase of motor vehicle accidents (MVA). Survivors of motor vehicle accidents experience a range of head injuries from whiplash, concussion, and mild to severe traumatic brain injuries, of which the most severe may result in incapacitation or death. Central sensory-motor controls (SMC), including ocular-visual, ocular-motor, vestibular, and cerebellar systems are primarily affected. Methods: Visual-ocular convergence (VOC) and postural balance (PB) tests are used among others to measure the degree of central sensory-motor controls dysfunction. This retrospective study (n=19) investigates the effect of passive biophotonic stimulation applied to plantar postural sensory afferents on VOC and PB tests conducted during a neurophysiological evaluation. Stabilogram diffusion analysis (SDA) of the centre of pressure trajectory from the PB test was used to determine the amount of stochastic activity and dynamic behavior of postural control (Collins and De Luca, Exp Brain Res 95:308-318, 1993). Results: Visual-ocular convergence was significantly closer (p<0.001) with stimulation (5.3±1.0 cm) than without (11±1.0 cm). -
Thought Experiments in Teaching Free-Fall Weightlessness: a Critical Review and an Exploration of Mercury’S Behavior in “Falling Elevator”
OPEN ACCESS EURASIA Journal of Mathematics Science and Technology Education ISSN: 1305-8223 (online) 1305-8215 (print) 2017 13(5):1283-1311 DOI 10.12973/eurasia.2017.00671a Thought Experiments in Teaching Free-Fall Weightlessness: A Critical Review and an Exploration of Mercury’s Behavior in “Falling Elevator” Jasmina Balukovic Druga Gimnazija, Sarajevo, BOSNIA and HERZEGOVINA Josip Slisko Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, MEXICO Adrián Corona Cruz Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, MEXICO Received 9 May2016 ▪ Revised 7 June 2016 ▪ Accepted 7 June 2016 ABSTRACT Different “thought experiments” dominate teaching approaches to weightlessness, reducing students’ opportunities for active physics learning, which should include observations, descriptions, explanations and predictions of real phenomena. Besides the controversy related to conceptual definitions of weight and weightlessness, we report another controversy regarding the position of the person that weighs herself or himself in a freely-falling elevator, a “thought experiment” commonly used for introducing the concept of weightlessness. Two XIX-century “thought experiments”, one from America and one from Russia, show that they have a long tradition in physics teaching. We explored experimentally a “thought experiment” that deals with the behavior of a mercury drop in a freely-falling elevator. Our experimental results show that the mercury drop neither took the expected spherical shape nor performed oscillatory motions predicted by theory. Teachers should encourage -
Human Adaptation and Safety in Space
SICSA SPACE ARCHITECTURE SEMINAR LECTURE SERIES PART II : HUMAN ADAPTATION AND SAFETY IN SPACE www.sicsa.uh.edu LARRY BELL, SASAKAWA INTERNATIONAL CENTER FOR SPACE ARCHITECTURE (SICSA) GERALD D.HINES COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE, UNIVERSITY OF HOUSTON, HOUSTON, TX The Sasakawa International Center for SICSA routinely presents its publications, Space Architecture (SICSA), an research and design results and other organization attached to the University of information materials on its website Houston’s Gerald D. Hines College of (www.sicsa.uh.edu). This is done as a free Architecture, offers advanced courses service to other interested institutions and that address a broad range of space individuals throughout the world who share our systems research and design topics. In interests. 2003 SICSA and the college initiated Earth’s first MS-Space Architecture This report is offered in a PowerPoint format with degree program, an interdisciplinary 30 the dedicated intent to be useful for academic, credit hour curriculum that is open to corporate and professional organizations who participants from many fields. Some wish to present it in group forums. The document students attend part-time while holding is the second in a series of seminar lectures that professional employment positions at SICSA has prepared as information material for NASA, affiliated aerospace corporations its own academic applications. We hope that and other companies, while others these materials will also be valuable for others complete their coursework more rapidly who share our -
Potty Training: NASA Tests New $23M Titanium Space Toilet 1 October 2020, by Marcia Dunn
Potty training: NASA tests new $23M titanium space toilet 1 October 2020, by Marcia Dunn the shakedown goes well, the toilet will be open for regular business. With SpaceX now launching astronauts to the space station and Boeing less than a year from sending up its first crew, more toilets are needed. The new one will be in its own stall alongside the old one on the U.S. side of the outpost. The old toilets cater more toward men. To better accommodate women, NASA tilted the seat on the new toilet and made it taller. The new shape should help astronauts position themselves better for No. 2, said Johnson Space Center's Melissa McKinley, the project manager. In this June 18, 2020 photo provided by NASA, astronaut Kate Rubins, center, and support personnel review the Universal Waste Management System, a low- gravity space toilet, in Houston. The new device is scheduled to be delivered to the International Space Station on Oct. 1, 2020. (Norah Moran/NASA via AP) NASA's first new space potty in decades—a $23 million titanium toilet better suited for women—is getting a not-so-dry run at the International Space Station before eventually flying to the moon. It's packed inside a cargo ship that should have blasted off late Thursday from Wallops Island, Virginia. But the launch was aborted with just two minutes remaining in the countdown. Northrop Northrup Grumman's Antares rocket is poised for launch at the NASA Wallops test flight facility Thursday, Oct. 1, Grumman said it would try again Friday night if 2020, in Wallops Island, Va. -
Human Adaptation to Space
Human Adaptation to Space From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Human physiological adaptation to the conditions of space is a challenge faced in the development of human spaceflight. The fundamental engineering problems of escaping Earth's gravity well and developing systems for in space propulsion have been examined for well over a century, and millions of man-hours of research have been spent on them. In recent years there has been an increase in research into the issue of how humans can actually stay in space and will actually survive and work in space for long periods of time. This question requires input from the whole gamut of physical and biological sciences and has now become the greatest challenge, other than funding, to human space exploration. A fundamental step in overcoming this challenge is trying to understand the effects and the impact long space travel has on the human body. Contents [hide] 1 Importance 2 Public perception 3 Effects on humans o 3.1 Unprotected effects 4 Protected effects o 4.1 Gravity receptors o 4.2 Fluids o 4.3 Weight bearing structures o 4.4 Effects of radiation o 4.5 Sense of taste o 4.6 Other physical effects 5 Psychological effects 6 Future prospects 7 See also 8 References 9 Sources Importance Space colonization efforts must take into account the effects of space on the body The sum of mankind's experience has resulted in the accumulation of 58 solar years in space and a much better understanding of how the human body adapts. However, in the future, industrialization of space and exploration of inner and outer planets will require humans to endure longer and longer periods in space. -
Beavers Space Badge What to Do Next…
Beavers Space Badge What to do next… There are still some things to do before you gain your space badge. These sheets should help you work out what you’ve done and what you still need to do. To gain your Beaver Space Badge you must do all these things: 1. Identify some of the things you can see in the night sky, for example stars, planets and the Moon. 2. Be able to name the eight planets in our solar system. 3. Identify at least one constellation you can see. 4. Find out about a current space mission 8 1 Activity 1 - Identify some of the things you Activity 2 - Identify the planets in our solar can see in the night sky system Cut out the names below and stick them on page 3 You will have: been introduced to the Moon in our planetarium. You should know that the Moon doesn’t make its own light, but Jupiter Neptune reflects the light of our Sun. This is why the Moon has phases. Mars What to do: Venus Saturn What can you see in the sky? What can you see during the daylight? What can you see at night? Uranus Mercury Earth What can you see in daylight and at night? Activity 4 - Find out about a space mission Draw a circle round the things you can see in the night sky. We live in an exciting time with a number of major space missions happening over the next few years. Here are just a few: Rosetta- Comet Chaser- The first probe to land on a comet. -
Spaceflight Induced Changes in the Central Nervous System
DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.74232 ProvisionalChapter chapter 5 Spaceflight InducedInduced ChangesChanges inin thethe CentralCentral NervousNervous System Alex P. Michael Additional information isis available atat thethe endend ofof thethe chapterchapter http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.74232 Abstract Although once a widely speculated about and largely theoretical topic, spaceflightinduced intracranial hypertension is more accepted as a distinct clinical phenomenon; yet, the under- lying physiological mechanisms are still poorly understood. In the past, many terms were used to describe the symptoms of malaise, nausea, vomiting, and vertigo though longer duration spaceflights have increased the prevalence of overlapping symptoms of headache and visual disturbance. Spaceflight-induced visual pathology is thought to be a manifesta- tion of increased intracranial pressure (ICP) because of its similar presentation to cases of known intracranial hypertension on Earth as well as the documentation of increased ICP by lumbar puncture in symptomatic astronauts upon return to gravity. The most likely mecha- nisms of spaceflight-induced increased ICP include a cephalad shift of body fluids, venous outflow obstruction, blood-brain barrier breakdown, and disruption to CSF flow. The rela- tive contribution of increased ICP to the symptoms experienced during spaceflight is cur- rently unknown though as other factors recently posited to contribute include local effects on ocular structures, individual differences in metabolism, and the vasodilator effects of carbon dioxide. Spaceflight-induced intracranial hypertension must be distinguished from other pathologies with similar symptomatology. The following chapter discusses the pro- posed physiologic causes and the pathological manifestations of increased ICP in the space- flight environment and provides considerations for future long-term space travel. -
Grade 6 Science - Unit Lesson Guide
Anglophone School District - North Grade 6 Science - Unit Lesson Guide Space 1 Table of Contents Scientific Literacy!!!!!!!!!!3 Science Assessment Overview!!!!!!!!4 Focus and Context!!!!!!!!!!5 Unit Instructional Overview!!!!!!!!!6 Table - Space - Curriculum Outcomes!!!!!!!7 Strand 1 Space Exploration!!!!!!!! 8 Life of an Astronaut!!!!!!!!!!9 Examining Astronauts!!!!!!!!!10 Current Issues in Space!!!!!!!!!12 Strand 2 - Relative Position and Motion of the Earth, Moon, and Sun !! 13 Access Prior Knowledge !!!!!!!!!15 Cycle 1 - Movement of the Earth and Sun Activity!!!!!18 Cycle 2 - Day and Night Activity !!!!!!!!22 Cycle 3 - Seasons Activity and Discussion!!!!!!25 Day, Night, and Seasons - SPARK !!!!!!!30 Cycle 4 - Sun Shining on the Moon Activities (moon phases)!!!!33 Strand 3 - Strand - The Solar System!!!!!!! 41 Activity - Build a Model of the Solar System!!!!!!42 Activity - Studying Components of the Solar System!!!!!44 Strand 4 - Strand - Stars and Constellations!! ! ! ! ! 48 Activity - Understanding Constellations!!!!!!!49 Activity - Cultural Significance of Stars!!!!!!!50 2 The Aim of Science Education - Scientific Literacy The aim of science education in the Atlantic Provinces is to develop scientific literacy. Scientific Literacy is an evolving combination of the science-related attitudes, skills, and knowledge students need to develop inquiry, problem-solving, and decision-making abilities; to become lifelong learners; and to maintain a sense of wonder about the world around them. To develop scientific literacy, students require diverse learning experiences that provide opportunities to explore, analyze, evaluate, synthesize, appreciate, and understand the interrelationships among science, technology, society, and the environment. The Three Processes of Scientific Literacy An individual can be considered Scientifically Literate when he/she is familiar with, and able to engage in, three processes: Inquiry, problem solving, and decision making. -
A Syntactic Analysis of Spatial
A SYNTACTIC ANALYSIS OF SPATIAL CONFIGURATION TOWARDS THE UNDERSTANDING OF CONTINUITY AND CHANGE IN VERNACULAR LIVING SPACE: A CASE STUDY IN THE UPPER NORTHEAST OF THAILAND By NOPADON THUNGSAKUL A DISSERTATION PRESENTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA 2001 Copyright 2001 by Nopadon Thungsakul I dedicate this study to my family with love and gratitude and to my professors with profound respect. Completing this dissertation is truly beneficial to me, and I feel privileged to have been given this opportunity. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to express my appreciation and gratitude to a number of people who have been helpful in contributing to the completion of this dissertation. My chairperson, Wayne Drummond, Professor of Architecture, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, has generously shared his knowledge and experience in directing this research and provided valuable advice. My cochairperson, Dr. Diana H. Bitz, Associate, Professor of Architecture, and my committee members: Dr. H. Russell Bernard, Professor of Anthropology, Maelee T. Foster, Professor Emerita of Architecture, and Peter E. Prugh, Associate Professor of Architecture, inspired me in different ways. Their encouragement and support have made my school years a truly enjoyable experience. The opportunity to work with them and to benefit from their deep knowledge and varied viewpoints has been a valuable experience in my academic career. I am grateful to the Thai Government for generous financial support throughout the years of my graduate studies. Having the opportunity to study abroad has been a memorable learning experience and a wonderful period in my life. -
Weightlessness and Rocket Propulsion
Weightlessness and Rocket Propulsion 1 Risks of Long Term Space Flight and How to Mi?gate Them 2 How do we measure radiaon? In SI units, the amount of radiaon absorbed is measured in Grays (Gy): 1 Gy = 1 joule of energy absorbed per kilogram of material (Another unit you see is “rad”, where 1 rad = 0.01 Gy) For human dosage, we typically talk about mGy. Radiaon deposits energy in uniQue ways into biological systems. milliSieverts (mSv) describes the biological eQuivalent radiaon dosage. (an older unit called the “rem”) This number has the same units as Grays, but it does not measure the same thing. Sieverts take into account the type of radiaon and the biological damage it can cause. 3 How do we measure radiaon? Let’s look at some typical numbers: An average six month stay aboard the ISS: Dose will be higher for astronauts • 80 mSv (solar max) par?cipang in space walks. (Note: • 160 mSv (solar min) NASA avoids spacewalks during • 1 mSv is approximately eQuivalent to 3 high risk periods) chest X-rays (Note: the radiaon is different) • NASA limits exposure to 200 mSv/yr • NCRP limits flight crews to 500 mSv/yr Typical radiaon dose on Earth is 2 mSv/yr due to background radiaon. hap://www.epa.gov/rpdweb00/understand/calculate.html This will vary with al?tude, proximity to nuclear power, local geology, and other 4 factors. What is NASA doing to protect astronauts? NASA follows the protec?on prac?ces that are recommended by the US Naonal Academy of Space Science Board and the US Council on Radiaon Protec?on and Measurement.