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Design of Senior Family Bathroom System Based on Demand Theory

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Design of Senior Family Bathroom System Based on Demand Theory E3S Web of Conferences 179, 02080 (2020) https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202017902080 EWRE 2020 Design of Senior Family Bathroom System Based on Demand Theory Rong Han1, Dandan Shao2*and YuXin Wang 3 1 College of Art, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang City, Jiangsu Province,212000, China 2 College of Art, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang City, Jiangsu Province,212000, China 3 College of Art, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang City, Jiangsu Province,212000, China Abstract. Aiming at the characteristics of the elderly population, based on the demand theory, this paper proposes a design scheme of a suitable family bathroom system. Based on the theory of Maslow's demand theory, understand the real psychological status of the elderly through theoretical transformation, analyze the physical and psychological characteristics of the elderly, and simulate the specific behavior of the elderly in the bathroom space system through user interviews. In response to the elderly's needs for the space, facilities and supporting facilities of the bathroom system, a type of bathroom space was finally selected to carry out the design practice, which provided certain theoretical support and practical reference value for the subsequent research of bathroom products for the elderly. them focus on the general analysis of the product size and lack the corresponding in-depth exploration. At 1 Introduction present, there are many plagiarism products in the Since 2000, China has begun to enter an aging society. bathroom market and lack of innovative design. The Population aging is an inevitable trend in social design of home bathroom systems based on the theory of development and a hot topic in the world today (as needs is a targeted, humanized adjustment and change shown in Figure 1). After entering old age, the based on comprehensive consideration of the physical physiological functions of the human body will also and psychological needs of the elderly. It can not only degrade accordingly. Athletic young people, seniors have provide the basic bathroom needs of the elderly, but also different demands for bathroom systems. At present, give the elderly perfect and comfortable bathroom developed countries ’research on bathroom systems for experience. the elderly is very mature. For example, Japan and The physical condition of the elderly is very different Germany, which have more developed industrial designs, in various aspects. According to the survey report of the attach more importance to the design of barrier-free United Nations World Health Organization, it can be facilities for the elderly. Many elderly and disabled divided into the following three levels (as shown in works have been born. especially in Japan, where the Figure 2). This article restricts the main research object degree of aging is more serious, the research results are to the first-class aging healthy elderly For other types of extremely advanced. In contrast, the research on the elderly people, only a few mentions were made in the bathroom system for the elderly in China is still in its analysis without focusing on the research. The final infancy. Although many universities and institutions practice is also aimed at healthy elderly people. have researched the products for the elderly, most of Wheelchair users are within the scope of this study. Figure 1. Proportion of population in the fifth and sixth national census Figure 2. Senior group classification *Corresponding author’s e-mail: [email protected] © The Authors, published by EDP Sciences. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). E3S Web of Conferences 179, 02080 (2020) https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202017902080 EWRE 2020 3 Research on the Needs of Sanitary 2 Demand Theory Bathroom for the Elderly "Need" refers to the quantity of goods that consumers In China, people over 60 years can be divided into four themselves are willing and able to purchase over a given stages. The age of 60-64 is a healthy and active period, price within a certain period of time. Most people make the age of 65-75 is a period of self-care, the age of 75-84 driven by desire. In 1943, Abraham Maslow put forward is a period of self-care decline, and the age of 85 or more the theory of Maslow's hierarchy of needs in The Theory is a period of cared [4]. The main research object of this of Human Motivation. He believes that people have study was 60-75 years old. needs and can be divided according to levels, from low to high and level by level. The easiest to meet is physiological needs, and the hardest to achieve is self- 3.1 Analysis of the physical characteristics of realization. the elderly This article is mainly based on the research of Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory, which divides the With the increase of age, the decline of the physical elderly's psychological and physical need of bathrooms fitness of the elderly is reflected in three aspects: the into levels. This theoretical transformation is helpful to degradation of the sensory system, the degradation of the understand the true mental state of the elderly. The motor system, and the degradation of the nervous system. following is a detailed description of the needs of seniors The sensory system mainly refers to vision and hearing; at all levels into the need for sanitary systems. Most of the time the elderly vision will loss. In places (1) Physiological needs——is the most basic needs, with poor light, vision is blurred and presbyopia, which which means that the bathroom system needs to meet a will cause the elderly to fall to the toilet. Hearing series of basic physiological needs such as the degradation is mainly manifested in slow response to metabolism, hygiene, and cleanliness of the elderly [1], noisy low-frequency sounds. Speakers need to increase and is also the basis for achieving the needs. volume, and close to their ears to hear. The motor system (2) Safety needs——the same is a low-level need. mainly refers to height, bones, and kidneys (urinary The elderly gradually slow down due to the decline of system); research shows that when you enter old age, their own body functions, so the need for safety is more your height will slowly shrink, usually dropping about serious [2]. Therefore, the importance of safety needs for 3cm. Second, the elderly are prone to calcium deficiency, the bathroom system is self-evident. Is also a basic their bones are fragile, and minor impacts can cause attribute that all products should meet. significant damage to the body. And with the decline of (3) Social needs——Needs at a higher level are a the kidney and urinary system, the frequency of urinary manifestation of the elderly's pursuit of quality of life. frequency in the elderly is more serious. Finally, with the The elderly in life pay more attention to the sense of aging of the elderly's nervous system, the elderly's ability belonging of fallen leaves and roots. Attach great to recognize and adapt to new things is weak, and their importance to the product design of the elderly and the limbs and body balance are also poor. improvement of their quality of life are also expressions of caring for the elderly, so that the elderly have a feeling 3.2 Analysis of the psychological of trust and warmth in the bathroom space [3]. characteristics of the elderly (4) Be respected——a higher level of need. This includes both personal feelings of achievement or self- The psychological needs of the elderly can be divided worth, as well as recognition and respect from others. into five categories (as shown in Figure 3): dependence The connection between the elderly group and the on lover, belonging and stability, interpersonal bathroom system is reflected in the designer's deep communication, respect and self-actualization. Among understanding of the elderly to make the bathroom them, the dependence on relatives refers to the traditional system more intimate and humane, so that the elderly Chinese seniors' pursuit of children and grandchildren. feel respected, recognized and trusted. Belonging and stability refer to the old people's nostalgia. (5) Self-actualization needs——are the highest level The old familiar things make the old people stable and of needs. A very prominent point in the psychological have a sense of belonging. Interaction means that the problems of the elderly is inferiority. As the opportunity elderly hope to have more communication and to prove themselves gradually disappears, a sense of communication with the outside world and enjoy the desolation will emerge. In the bathroom system, it can be same opportunities as young people to share their inner understood that the independently completed bathing world emotions with others. To be respected means that experience can stimulate the potential of the elderly, they are afraid that their aging will bring a series of make them more independent, and stimulate their passion troubles and burdens to their families, and they are eager for life. to have the ability to be independent and thus be respected by others. Self-realization refers to the fact that the elderly are actually helpless about getting older. They are afraid of being disconnected from society and hope to realize their own value as young, and be recognized and favored by others. 2 E3S Web of Conferences 179, 02080 (2020) https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202017902080 EWRE 2020 In summary, we can summarize the negative attitudes can greatly ease these bad emotions. Therefore, of the elderly are fear of loneliness and easy inferiority. comprehensive consideration should be taken when These bad emotions will have a bad impact on the lives designing the bathroom system, while meeting the of the elderly, and sanitary products with caring meaning physiological and psychological needs.
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