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Virgin Galactic Th E First Ten Years Other Springer-Praxis Books of Related Interest by Erik Seedhouse Virgin Galactic Th e First Ten Years Other Springer-Praxis books of related interest by Erik Seedhouse Tourists in Space: A Practical Guide 2008 ISBN: 978-0-387-74643-2 Lunar Outpost: The Challenges of Establishing a Human Settlement on the Moon 2008 ISBN: 978-0-387-09746-6 Martian Outpost: The Challenges of Establishing a Human Settlement on Mars 2009 ISBN: 978-0-387-98190-1 The New Space Race: China vs. the United States 2009 ISBN: 978-1-4419-0879-7 Prepare for Launch: The Astronaut Training Process 2010 ISBN: 978-1-4419-1349-4 Ocean Outpost: The Future of Humans Living Underwater 2010 ISBN: 978-1-4419-6356-7 Trailblazing Medicine: Sustaining Explorers During Interplanetary Missions 2011 ISBN: 978-1-4419-7828-8 Interplanetary Outpost: The Human and Technological Challenges of Exploring the Outer Planets 2012 ISBN: 978-1-4419-9747-0 Astronauts for Hire: The Emergence of a Commercial Astronaut Corps 2012 ISBN: 978-1-4614-0519-1 Pulling G: Human Responses to High and Low Gravity 2013 ISBN: 978-1-4614-3029-2 SpaceX: Making Commercial Spacefl ight a Reality 2013 ISBN: 978-1-4614-5513-4 Suborbital: Industry at the Edge of Space 2014 ISBN: 978-3-319-03484-3 Tourists in Space: A Practical Guide, Second Edition 2014 ISBN: 978-3-319-05037-9 Erik Seedhouse Virgin Galactic The First Ten Years Erik Seedhouse Astronaut Instructor Sandefjord , Vestfold , Norway SPRINGER-PRAXIS BOOKS IN SPACE EXPLORATION ISBN 978-3-319-09261-4 ISBN 978-3-319-09262-1 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-09262-1 Springer Cham Heidelberg New York Dordrecht London Library of Congress Control Number: 2014957708 © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2015 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifi cally the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfi lms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. Exempted from this legal reservation are brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis or material supplied specifi cally for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the Copyright Law of the Publisher’s location, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer. Permissions for use may be obtained through RightsLink at the Copyright Clearance Center. Violations are liable to prosecution under the respective Copyright Law. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specifi c statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. While the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication, neither the authors nor the editors nor the publisher can accept any legal responsibility for any errors or omissions that may be made. The publisher makes no warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein. Cover design: Jim Wilkie Project copy editor: Christine Cressy Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com) Contents Acknowledgments ..................................................................................................... ix Dedication .................................................................................................................. xi About the Author ...................................................................................................... xiii Acronyms ................................................................................................................... xv Preface ........................................................................................................................ xvii 1 Suborbital Flight: A Primer ............................................................................. 1 Early Suborbital Flights ...................................................................................... 2 Russian Suborbital Flights .................................................................................. 3 Ham and the Astrocats ........................................................................................ 3 Mercury Program: Manned Suborbital Flights 1 and 2 ...................................... 7 X-15: Manned Suborbital Flights 3 and 4 ........................................................... 10 The April 5 Anomaly: Manned Suborbital Flight #5 .......................................... 16 The Legacy of SpaceShipOne: Manned Suborbital Flights 6, 7, and 8 .............. 16 2 Revolution through Competition ..................................................................... 21 The Orteig Prize .................................................................................................. 21 Peter Diamandis .................................................................................................. 23 Richard Branson .................................................................................................. 25 Ansari X-Prize: Building a Suborbital Spirit of St. Louis ................................... 29 Da Vinci........................................................................................................... 29 Advent ............................................................................................................. 30 Orizont ............................................................................................................ 30 Thunderbird .................................................................................................... 30 Cosmopolis ...................................................................................................... 30 Condor-X ......................................................................................................... 30 Scaled composites ........................................................................................... 31 Paul Allen ............................................................................................................ 31 v vi Contents 3 SpaceShipOne .................................................................................................... 33 Burt Rutan ........................................................................................................... 33 The space bug.................................................................................................. 35 SpaceShipOne Construction ............................................................................... 37 Propulsion ....................................................................................................... 39 Inside SpaceShipOne ...................................................................................... 41 WhiteKnight .................................................................................................... 42 SpaceShipOne Test Flights ................................................................................. 45 Launch to landing ........................................................................................... 45 Mission Control .............................................................................................. 46 Test Flights .......................................................................................................... 46 WhiteKnight/SpaceShipOne fl ight tests ......................................................... 46 Flight 24C/01C: fi rst captive carry .................................................................. 49 Flight 29C/02C: fi rst manned captive carry fl ight of SpaceShipOne .............. 49 Flight 30L/03G: fi rst glide fl ight of SpaceShipOne ........................................ 49 Flight 31LC/04GC: second glide fl ight of SpaceShipOne I (aborted) ............ 50 Flight 32L/05G: second glide fl ight of SpaceShipOne (second attempt) ....... 50 Flight 37L/06G: third glide fl ight of SpaceShipOne....................................... 51 Flight 38L/07G: fourth glide fl ight of SpaceShipOne .................................... 51 Flight 40L/08G: fi fth glide fl ight of SpaceShipOne ....................................... 52 Flight 41L/09G: abort contingency assessment .............................................. 52 Flight 42L/10G: seventh glide fl ight and propulsion system check ................ 52 Flight 43L/11P: supersonic fl ight/fi rst powered fl ight .................................... 53 Flight 49L/12G: twelfth fl ight of SpaceShipOne/unpowered glide test ......... 54 Show-stopping tortoises .................................................................................. 55 Flight 53L/13P: second powered fl ight/transonic–supersonic handling ......... 55 Flight 56L/14P: third powered fl ight/supersonic feather stability and control ...................................................................................................... 56 Flight 60L/15P: fi rst Fédération Aéronautique Internationale (FAI) commercial astronaut fl ight ............................................................................. 56 Flight 65L/16P: fi rst X-Prize fl ight (X1) .......................................................
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