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Brazilian World Cup Stadiums: a Predictable Legacy Challenge
Brazilian World Cup stadiums: A predictable legacy challenge The legacy of the 12 new or refurbished stadiums for the 2014 FIFA World Cup in Brazil will all fall below international average if nothing is done to strengthen the plans for their after-use. This is the result of projections made by the Danish Institute for Sports Studies and Play the Game, where available information from Brazil is compared with the World Stadium Index 2011. Prologue In August 2000 the FIFA Executive Committee agreed on the principle of FIFA World Cup rotation. The rotation agreement and the decision in 2001 to begin the rotation in Africa was seen as a settlement to guarantee Africa to host the 2010 FIFA World Cup, after South Africa in July 2000 lost out to Germany in bidding to host the tournament 2006 against Germany. Three years later, in 2003, it was decided that South America should host the 2014 tournament and, as Colombia withdrew their candidacy in 2007, there was only one candidate country left: Brazil. Stadiums and infrastructure investments In 2007 FIFA reported that the Brazilian Football Federation (CBF) estimated the investments related to construction and/or remodelling of stadiums at USD 1.1 billion (ibid.) and according to the former Brazilian Minister of Sports, Orlando Silva Jr., the total investment in infrastructure projects (stadiums, roads, airports, subways, etc.) would be USD 18.7 billion, with nearly 78 per cent of the investments coming from the public sector. 18 potential host cities were presented in the Brazilian bid and 12 of them were chosen as host cities in May 2012. -
3. Olympic Stadiums
3. Olympic stadiums We have included eight Olympic stadiums in the study and we have chosen to include venues for the Summer and Winter Games as well as stadiums that have been constructed as a consequence of an Olympic bid from a candidate city which ended up not being awarded the Olympic Games. As the figures below show, the main stadiums for the Summer Olympics are much more expensive to construct and modernise than the corresponding venues for the Olympic Winter Games. The total costs of the Olympic stadiums are just over $2 bn. giving an average price of close to $270 million per venue. Figure 3.1: Construction price Olympic stadiums 1996-2010 (million dollars) Contruction Price Turner Field 346 Nagano Olympic Stadium 107 ANZ Stadium 583 Rice-Eccles Stadium 67 Olympic Stadium Spiros Louis 373 Beijing National Stadium 428 BC Place 104 Atatürk Olympic Stadium 144 0 200 400 600 800 All prices in 2010 dollar value Figure 3.2: Price per seat Olympic stadiums 1996-2010 (dollars) Price per Seat 8000 6908 6978 7000 5361 6000 5355 5000 3571 4000 3000 1448 1905 1879 2000 1000 0 Turner Field Nagano ANZ Rice-Eccles Olympic Beijing BC Place Atatürk Olympic Stadium Stadium Stadium National Olympic Stadium Spiros Louis Stadium Stadium All prices in 2010 dollar value 17 One of the explanations why the stadiums for the Olympic Summer Games are more expensive to construct is that the capacity in general is significantly higher for those venues than for the Winter Olympic venues. Often it is also necessary for the hosts of the summer Olympics to build a main stadium, because the majority of the candidate cities do not have a stadium which is big enough and provides running tracks. -
Major Sports Events – Utilizing the Venues After the Party Is Over
Major sports events – Utilizing the venues after the party is over Harry Arne Solberg Trondheim Business School at Sør-Trøndelag University College Jens Alm Play the Game / Malmø University Rasmus Storm Play the Game / University of Southern Denmark A welfare economic perspective • Correct demand predictions necessary to make correct investments • If not – resources will be ineffectively allocated: – Venues will be constructed that that not should have been constructed, or – Too large capacity Data collection / methods • Data from 56 venues build for major event from 1996 to 2010 • Only «main venues» from Atlanta Olympics to 2010 FIFA World Cup • Stadium Utilization Index (SUI) • SUI = Total annual attendance / Capacity – 75% sold out / 20 matches => SUI = 15 – 25% sold out / 20 matches => SUI = 5 Top-10 Name/Event Capacity Events Owner Average Demand SUI 2510119 50,62 Turner Field, Atlanta, 1996 Olympics 49,586 85 Priv 29,532 1965944 46,45 Sapporo Dome, Sapporo 2002 WC 42,328 83 Pub 23,686 2326000 33,28 Allianz Arena, Munich 2006 WC 69,901 44 Priv 52,864 1132000 22,20 RheinEnergi Stadion, 2006 WC 50,997 N/A Priv N/A 527000 20,27 Stadion Letzigrund, 2008 UEFA 26,000 44 Pub 11,977 943000 19,73 Etihad Stadium, 2002 Comonwealth. 47,805 31 Pub 30,419 1268988 19,33 Estádio da Luz, 2004 UEFA 65,647 27 Priv 47,000 985146 19,13 CommerzBank Arena, 2006 WC 51,500 32 Pub 30,786 1064579 19,05 Mercedes-Benz Arena, 2006 WC 55,896 N/A Pub N/A 1000000 18,41 BC Place, 2010 Winter Olympics 54,320 200 Pub 5,000 Bottom - 10 Name/Event Capacity Number of Owner Average Demand SUI events Estádio Municipal de Aveiro, 2004 UEFA Euro 30,127 19 Pub 3,106 59007 1,96 Moses Mabhida, Durban, 2010 WC 54,000 N/A Pub N/A 97500 1,81 Khalifa Int. -
Letnie Igrzyska Olimpijskie W Tokio
Biuletyn Informacyjny Czerwiec 2018 Wydawca: Ambasada Japonii w Polsce Sztuki walki, sport i Igrzyska Olimpijskie Sumo ©AFLO Budō, czyli japońskie sztuki walki Sumo Sumo jest japońskim sportem narodowym i ma częścią ciała niż stopami. Sama walka nie trwa długo, ścisły związek z obrzędami religijnymi sinto. Jego z reguły mniej niż minutę, ale poprzedzona jest historia sięga czasów starożytnych, ale sportem swoistym ceremoniałem. Zawodnicy rzucają przed zawodowym stało się we wczesnym okresie Edo siebie garść soli, by oczyścić dohyō, a następnie (1603-1868). Współcześnie sumo zawodowe wykonują shiko. Jest to przenoszenie ciężaru ciała uprawiane jest wyłącznie przez mężczyzn, ale sumo z nogi na nogę, podnoszenie ich w górę i opuszczanie amatorskie dozwolone jest również dla kobiet. z mocnym uderzeniem w podłoże. W profes- Zawodnicy, nazywani rikishi, walczą w charaktery- jonalnym sumo nie ma podziału na kategorie wago- stycznych opaskach na biodrach, nazywanych we, w związku z tym niejednokrotnie można mawashi, i noszą włosy związane w kok przypo- zobaczyć walkę potężnego zapaśnika z dużo mniej- minający kształtem liść miłorzębu. szym przeciwnikiem. Turnieje sumo rozgrywane są Walka sumo odbywa się na dohyō, czyli gli- 6 razy do roku, w nieparzyste miesiące. Trzy z nich nianym ringu o średnicy około 4,5 metra. Jej celem mają miejsce w Tokio (styczeń, maj, wrzesień), jest albo wypchnięcie przeciwnika poza dohyō, albo a pozostałe w Osace (marzec), Nagoi (lipiec) spowodowanie, by dotknął jego powierzchni inną i Fukuoce (listopad). Judo Judo jest sztuką walki wręcz bez użycia broni Opracował on program treningu włączając do tra- i wywodzi się z jūjutsu. Jūjutsu ma bardzo długą dycji japońskiej zasady nowoczesnego sportu i eli- tradycję sięgającą pierwszej połowy XVI wieku, choć minując chwyty mogące zagrozić życiu lub zdrowiu. -
Urbanism and Geography of the Olympic Winter Games
2012 Urbanism and geography of the Olympic Winter Games Mgr. Igor Kováč Národné športové centrum 6. júna 2012 Urbanism and geography of the Olympic Winter Games Introduction This contribution focuses on urban and spatial aspects in organisation of the Olympic Winter Games. It explains the role of urbanism within this process, implying the reasons which allow its distinguishing as an “Olympic” phenomenon. In this regard, an Olympic geography will be defined and its role will be further explained, resulting into identification of Olympic territory as a common platform of the both. Consequently, the concept of Olympic urbanism model will be introduced as a result of application of geographical approaches in studying the Olympic urbanism, in order to provide a historical overview and final synthesis of the factors determining spatial organisation of the Olympic Winter Games in host territories. Olympic urbanism Without any intention to exclude its environmental specifics, the Winter Games as a sort of mega-event can be clearly understood “...as an important urban phenomenon of our time...an one-time urban event with increasing prevalence as an urban strategy...” (Hiller, 2000: 185). Of course, the mountainous specifications of the Winter Games cannot be neglected as they essentially modify this strategy. In any way, however, it is the urbanism, a set of scientific and artistic methods and procedures used in the formation of human settlement, which represent those strategies. The main concern of urbanism, as one of its definitions says, is the formation and composition of urban organism and wider territorial units, following the quality of the human living environment, affected by natural, material, cultural and social aspects, highlighting the concrete population needs as its direct starting point. -
Torches and Torch Relays of the Olympic Winter Games from Oslo 1952 to Sochi 2014 Reference Document
Olympic Studies Centre Torches and Torch Relays of the Olympic Winter Games from Oslo 1952 to Sochi 2014 Reference Document Presentation and visuals of the Olympic torches. Facts and figures on the Torch Relay for each edition. November 2014 © SOCHI 2014 Reference Document TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction .................................................................................................................. 3 Oslo 1952...................................................................................................................... 5 Cortina d’Ampezzo 1956 ............................................................................................. 9 Squaw Valley 1960 ..................................................................................................... 13 Innsbruck 1964 .......................................................................................................... 17 Grenoble 1968 ............................................................................................................ 21 Sapporo 1972 ............................................................................................................. 25 Innsbruck 1976 .......................................................................................................... 29 Lake Placid 1980 ........................................................................................................ 33 Sarajevo 1984 ............................................................................................................. 37 Calgary 1988 -
21St Nagano Marathon Participants' Guide
21st Nagano Marathon Participants’ Guide Thank you for applying to enter the Nagano Marathon! Please read this guide in detail, take good care of your health, and attend the marathon in the best possible condition. Race schedule April 21, 2019 5:15 AM -- Shuttle buses begin departing from various places(parking lot for Athletes) to the marathon starting venue. Accompanying persons cannot ride on the buses departing from the places below, i.e. Ⓐ, Ⓑ, and Ⓔ （Ⓐ Wakasato multipurpose square Ⓑ Olympic Ohashi tollgate east Ⓒ Yanagihara General Civic Center Ⓓ White Ring Ⓔ Orion Machinery Co., Ltd.） 5:53 AM -- JR (trains) begin departing from Nagano station to Kitanagano Station （The last one is 7:18） (During this time, seven trains will operate) （It takes approximately 5 minutes） 6:30 AM -- Luggage intake (open until 8:05 AM) 7:45 AM -- Starting blocks lineup begins (until 8:15 AM) 8:30 AM -- Race starts 1:30 PM -- Final finish (5 hours after start) Thank you for your support. ① All athletes participating from overseas must go through reception at BIG HAT on April 20 and receive a number card, Measuring chip,T-shirt, and other items. ② Do not bring costumes or items not necessary for the race (pendants, etc.). If a member of staff instructs you not to use or to dispose of an article, follow those instructions immediately. Please read carefully “Participant Obligations and Precautions” before you run in the race. ③ Athletes and supporters cannot park vehicles at the starting (Nagano Sports Park ) or finishing (Nagano Olympic Stadium) venues on the day before and the day of the race. -
Torches and Torch Relays of the Olympic Winter Games from Oslo 1952 to Pyeongchang 2018 22.05.2017
OSC REFERENCE COLLECTION Torches and Torch Relays of the Olympic Winter Games from Oslo 1952 to PyeongChang 2018 22.05.2017 Torches and Torch Relays of the Olympic Winter Games from Oslo 1952 to PyeongChang 2018 The Olympic Studies Centre www.olympic.org/studies [email protected] 2 OSC REFERENCE COLLECTION The “OSC Reference collection” is published by The Olympic Studies Centre. It gathers a series of documents providing key historical facts and figures related to different aspects of the Olympic Games and the IOC. In the same collection: Olympic Summer Games Villages Torches and torch relays of the Olympic Summer Games Torches and torch relays of the Olympic Winter Games History of the sports at the Summer Olympic Games History of sports at the Winter Olympic Games Olympic Summer Games medals Olympic Winter Games medals Youth Olympic Games medals Olympic Winter Games posters Olympic Summer Games posters Olympic Summer Games mascots Olympic Winter Games mascots Youth Olympic Games mascots The sports pictograms of the Olympic Summer Games The sports pictograms of the Olympic Winter Games Elections of the Presidents of the International Olympic Committee : candidates and voting results All reference documents, as well as the full collection of digital and printed publications of The Olympic Studies Centre are available on The Olympic World Library (OWL), our library catalogue entirely devoted to Olympic knowledge: www.olympic.org/library This content (the “Content”) is made available to you (“You”) by the International Olympic Committee (the “IOC”) for non-commercial, educational, research, analysis, review or reporting purposes only. The Content shall not be re- distributed, as made available to you by the IOC, in part or in whole, except to the extent that such content is a derivative work created by You. -
Monthly News
FIVB World Cup Volleyball 2003 MONTHLY NEWS� ワールドカップバレーボール2003 Women's tournament November1-15, 2003� Men's tournament November 16-30, 2003� 女子：2003年11月1日～15日� 男子：2003年11月16日～30日� Vol.5� � The FIVB World Cups 2003 to Athens 2004. The women's 来年に迫ったアテネ・オリンピックの出場権 for men and women, the most tournament is being played from （男女とも上位3チームに与えられる）をかけて、 crucial and most exciting November 1st to 15th and the 世界の強豪男女各12ヵ国が覇を競う2003年 competitions in the pre-Olympic men's tournament from November 最 大 のスポーツイベント・ワールドカップバレー year, are being held in Japan this 16th to 30th. Participating teams 2003が今秋、日本で開催される。� autumn. This year's tournaments will compete fiercely - moving 男子が10回目、女子が9回目を迎える大会には are the 10th for men and the 9th from city to city - from the North ＦＩＶＢ加盟218の国と地域から大陸予選を勝ち for women. Twelve outstanding to the South of Japan (women: 7 抜いた強豪が集結する。女子が11月1日から teams of both men and women cities, men: 6 cities). These World 15日まで、男子が16日から30日まで、女子7都市、 representing 218 FIVB affiliated Cups will surely create a sensation 男子6都市を転戦しながらの熱い戦い― 。 nations and regions will compete across Japan and make everyone 2003年11月、バレー旋 風 が 再 び日本 列 島を吹き with each other for three tickets excited again. 荒れる！� Italy and France (men) will represent Europe. The men's and women's squads of Brazil won tickets to Japan as well. ヨーロッパからはイタリアとフランス（男子）。南米からはブラジルが男女そろって出場決める� At the European Men's Championship, will end, all of the names representing 権の結果、男子ではアジアから韓国と中国、南米か which was held in Germany from 5th to each continent will be announced. らはブラジルとベネズエラがワールドカップ出場を 14th September, Italy, which had not won 9月5日から14日までドイツで行われた注目の男子 決めている。� a major competitions for a long time, de- ヨーロッパ選手権は、しばらく主要大会の優勝から 一方、女子は8月中に出場を決めたアフリカ代表の feated the World Championship bronze 遠のいていたイタリア が 、決勝で昨年の世界選手権 エジプトに 続き、南 米からブラジルとアルゼンチンが medalist, France, 3-2 in a spectacular final 第3位のフランスを下して優勝し、1999年以来の 出場を決めた。コロンビアのボゴタで 開 催され た 南 and regained the European title since 1999. -
CERTIFICATION SYSTEM List of Certified Athletics Facilities - As at 1St March 2012
IAAF CERTIFIED ATHLETICS FACILITIES International Association of Athletics Federations CERTIFICATION SYSTEM List of Certified Athletics Facilities - as at 1st March 2012 CLASS 1 COUNTRY CITY NAME OF STADIUM SURFACING MATERIAL MANUFACTURER 1 ALGERIA ALGER STADE DU 5 JUILLET CONIPUR SP Conica, SUI 2 AUSTRALIA BRISBANE QE II ATHLETIC FACILITY REKORTAN M99 APT, USA 3 AUSTRALIA MELBOURNE LAKESIDE STADIUM REKORTAN M99 APT, USA 4 AUSTRALIA PERTH W.A. ATHLETICS STADIUM (CHALLENGE STADIUM) SPORTFLEX SUPER X Mondo, ITA 5 BRAZIL SAO PAULO ESTADIO ICARO DE CASTRO MELLO SPORTFLEX SUPER X Mondo, ITA 6 BRAZIL SAO PAULO CENTRO OLÍMPICO DE TREINAMENTO E PESQUISA - C REGUPOL AG BSW, GER 7 BRAZIL RIO DE JANEIRO ESTADIO OLIMPICO JOAO HAVELANGE SPORTFLEX SUPER X Mondo, ITA 8 BRAZIL RIO DE JANEIRO WARM-UP ESTADIO OLIMPICO JOAO HAVELANGE SPORTFLEX SUPER X Mondo, ITA 9 BRAZIL UBERLANDIA PISTA DE ATLETISMO "ADRIA SANTOS" LISOTAN SM Lisonda, BRA 10 CANADA EDMONTON COMMONWEALTH STADIUM SPORTFLEX SUPER X Mondo, ITA 11 CANADA MONCTON STADE MONCTON 2010 STADIUM MONDOTRACK Mondo America, USA 12 CANADA SHERBROOKE UNIVERSITE DE SHERBROOKE SPORTFLEX SUPER X Mondo, ITA 13 CHINA, P. R. BEIJING NATIONAL STADIUM MONDOTRACK MONDO, ITA 14 CHINA, P. R. BEIJING NATIONAL STADIUM WARM-UP TRACK MONDOTRACK MONDO, ITA 15 CHINA, P. R. BEIJING NATIONAL OLYMPIC SPORTS CENTRE REGUPOL AG BSW, GER 16 CHINA, P. R. BEIJING CHAOYANG SPORTS PARK STADIUM POLYTAN M Polytan, GER 17 CHINA, P. R. BEIJING INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL BEIJING ATHLETICS STADIU ALSATAN SW Stockmeier Urethanes, GER 18 CHINA, P. R. NANCHANG CITY JIANGXI PROVINCE OLYMPIC SPORT CENTER SPORTFLEX SUPER X Mondo, ITA 19 CHINA, P. -
20Th Commemorative Nagano Marathon Participants' Guide
20th Commemorative Nagano Marathon Participants’ Guide Thank you for applying to enter the Nagano Marathon! Please read this guide in detail, take good care of your health, and attend the marathon in the best possible condition. Race schedule April 15, 2018 5:15 AM -- Shuttle buses begin departing from various places(parking lot for Athletes) to the marathon starting venue. Accompanying persons cannot ride on the buses departing from the places below, i.e. Ⓐ, Ⓑ, and Ⓔ （Ⓐ Wakasato multipurpose square Ⓑ Olympic Ohashi tollgate east Ⓒ Yanagihara General Civic Center Ⓓ White Ring Ⓔ Orion Machinery Co., Ltd.） 5:53 AM -- JR (trains) begin departing from Nagano station to Kitanagano Station （The last one is 7:18） (During this time, seven trains will operate) （It takes approximately 5 minutes） 6:30 AM -- Luggage intake (open until 8:05 AM) 7:45 AM -- Starting blocks lineup begins (until 8:15 AM) 8:30 AM -- Race starts 1:30 PM -- Final finish (5 hours after start) Thank you for your support. ① All athletes participating from overseas must go through reception at BIG HAT on April 14 and receive a number card, Measuring chip,T-shirt, and other items. ② Do not bring costumes or items not necessary for the race (pendants, etc.). If a member of staff instructs you not to use or to dispose of an article, follow those instructions immediately. Please read carefully “Participant Obligations and Precautions” before you run in the race. ③ Athletes and supporters cannot park vehicles at the starting (Nagano Sports Park ) or finishing (Nagano Olympic Stadium) venues on the day before and the day of the race. -
World Stadium Index Stadiums Built for Major Sporting Events – Bright Future Or Future Burden
World Stadium Index Stadiums built for major sporting events – bright future or future burden Jens Alm Idrættens Analyseinstitut Maj 2012 Titel World Stadium Index Stadiums built for major sporting events – bright future or future burden? Författare Jens Alm Övriga medverkande Lau Tofft-Jørgensen, Søren Bang och Henrik H. Brandt Omslagslayout Agnethe Pedersen Övrigt grafiskt arbete och språkgranskning Idrættens Analyseinstitut och Marie-Louise Rydén Omslagsfoto Jon Candy/Flickr, Allianz SE Utgåva Första utgåvan, Köpenhamn, maj 2012 ISBN 978-87-92120-46-5 978-87-92120-47-2 (elektronisk) Utgiven av: Idrættens Analyseinstitut/Play the Game Kanonbådsvej 12 A DK-1437 København K T: +45 32 66 10 30 F: +45 32 66 10 39 E: [email protected] W: www.idan.dk Återgivning av denna rapport är tillåten med tydlig källhänvisning 2 World Stadium Index Stadiums built for major sporting events – bright future or future burden? 3 Innehållsförteckning Förord ................................................................................................................................................ 5 Sammanfattning ................................................................................................................................ 6 1. Inledning ........................................................................................................................................ 8 2. Metod ........................................................................................................................................... 12 3. De olympiska arenorna