World Stadium Index Stadiums Built for Major Sporting Events – Bright Future Or Future Burden

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World Stadium Index Stadiums Built for Major Sporting Events – Bright Future Or Future Burden World Stadium Index Stadiums built for major sporting events – bright future or future burden Jens Alm Idrættens Analyseinstitut Maj 2012 Titel World Stadium Index Stadiums built for major sporting events – bright future or future burden? Författare Jens Alm Övriga medverkande Lau Tofft-Jørgensen, Søren Bang och Henrik H. Brandt Omslagslayout Agnethe Pedersen Övrigt grafiskt arbete och språkgranskning Idrættens Analyseinstitut och Marie-Louise Rydén Omslagsfoto Jon Candy/Flickr, Allianz SE Utgåva Första utgåvan, Köpenhamn, maj 2012 ISBN 978-87-92120-46-5 978-87-92120-47-2 (elektronisk) Utgiven av: Idrættens Analyseinstitut/Play the Game Kanonbådsvej 12 A DK-1437 København K T: +45 32 66 10 30 F: +45 32 66 10 39 E: [email protected] W: www.idan.dk Återgivning av denna rapport är tillåten med tydlig källhänvisning 2 World Stadium Index Stadiums built for major sporting events – bright future or future burden? 3 Innehållsförteckning Förord ................................................................................................................................................ 5 Sammanfattning ................................................................................................................................ 6 1. Inledning ........................................................................................................................................ 8 2. Metod ........................................................................................................................................... 12 3. De olympiska arenorna ................................................................................................................. 17 4. Arenorna för världsmästerskapen i fotboll ................................................................................... 28 Världsmästerskapet i Korea/Japan 2002 ................................................................................................... 29 Världsmästerskapet i Tyskland 2006 .......................................................................................................... 33 Världsmästerskapet i Sydafrika 2010 .......................................................................................................... 38 5. Arenorna för Europamästerskapen i fotboll ................................................................................. 48 Europamästerskapet i Portugal 2004 ......................................................................................................... 48 Europamästerskapet i Österrike/Schweiz 2008 ........................................................................................ 60 6. Arenorna för de Afrikanska mästerskapen i fotboll ...................................................................... 68 Afrikanska mästerskapet i fotboll i Ghana 2008 ....................................................................................... 69 Afrikanska mästerskapet i fotboll 2010 i Angola ........................................................................................ 71 7. Arenorna för de kontinentala mästerskapen ................................................................................ 74 Allafrikanska spelen ..................................................................................................................................... 74 Asiatiska spelen ........................................................................................................................................... 75 Panamerikanska spelen ............................................................................................................................... 77 Samväldesspelen ......................................................................................................................................... 79 8. Kina och den kinesiska arenadiplomatin ..................................................................................... 82 9. Analys .......................................................................................................................................... 86 10. Framtiden .................................................................................................................................. 93 Europamästerskapet 2012 i Polen/Ukraina ................................................................................................ 93 De olympiska spelen 2012 ........................................................................................................................... 95 Källförteckning ................................................................................................................................. 97 Bilaga 1: World Stadium Index ........................................................................................................ 105 Bilaga 2: Arenafrågeformulär – kvantitativ ......................................................................................111 Bilaga 3: Arenafrågeformulär – kvalitativ ........................................................................................ 113 Bilaga 4: Övernattningar på hotel i Algarve .................................................................................... 116 Bilaga 5: Antal gäster på hotell, resorts och lägenheter i Algarve ................................................... 118 4 Förord Denna rapport från Idrættens Analyseinstitut/Play the Game har som mål att skapa en större insikt i vad det idrottsliga arvet är för arenor som har uppförts eller genomgått betydande renoveringar för att stå värd för stora internationella idrottsevenemang. Flera nya arenor har uppförts eller reno- verats till ett specifikt mästerskap men i vilken utsträckning de används efter det att mästerskapet är över, är i många fall oklart. Undersökningen är utförd mot bakgrunden av att ett intresse av att studera huruvida idrottens och mästerskapens arenor är idrottsligt och ekonomiskt hållbara. Medverkar betydande investeringar i arenor till att arenorna används i en större utsträckning även efter det att mästerskapet är över? Är det möjligt för alla arenor att utnyttjas i en högre grad? Finns det en generell problematik närva- rande och i så fall: Vilka är problemen och var finns de? Hur skulle man kunna undvika potentiella problem? Finns det några goda exempel? Och varför ha de lyckats? Det samlade resultatet av rapporten ger oss möjlighet att åtminstone svara på några av frågorna kopplade till de arenor som har uppförts eller genomgått betydande renoveringar inför ett stort idrottsevenemang. Vi skulle vilja bjuda in personer med intresse för ämnet som kan bidra med mer precis och kom- pletterande data, för att på så vis göra det möjligt att utveckla och precisera arenadatamängden. Författaren och Idrættens Analyseinstitut/Play the Game vill tacka de arenor som har valt att delta i undersökningen genom att bidra med information. Ett särskilt tack till de lokala informanterna Francisco Pinheiro, Sahr Morris Jr., Junmei HU, Clemens von Veltheim, Honorata Jakubowska, Simon Pile, Hiroto Shoji, Tolga Senel samt Özden Fedakar. Utan deras hjälp hade arbetet med rapporten blivit ännu mer problematiskt. Vi vill också tacka arenaexperten och grundaren av Xperi- ology.com, Ian Nuttall, för hans inspiration och delaktighet i utvecklandet av denna studie. Förfat- taren vill även tacka kollegerna på Idrættens Analyseinstitut/Play the Game för deras input i pro- cessen samt för deras hjälp med att redigera och formge föreliggande rapport. Slutligen vill Idrættens Analyseinstitut tacka Danske Gymnastik- og Idrætsforeninger (DGI), Team Danmark, Dansk Firmaidræts Forbund (Firmaidrætten) samt Danmarks Idræts-Forbund (DIF) för deras ekonomiska stöd till denna rapport och annan forskningsverksamhet kopplad till den sjunde Play the Game-konferensen, som hölls i Köln, Tyskland, 3-6 oktober 2011. Idrættens Analyseinstitut, Köpenhamn, Danmark, maj 2012 Jens Alm Henrik H. Brandt Analytiker och huvudförfattare till rapporten Direktör [email protected] [email protected] 5 Sammanfattning Föreliggande studie har tittat närmare på 75 arenor i drygt 20 länder, arenor som har uppförts eller genomgått betydande renoveringar inför ett stort idrottsevenemang. Syftet med studien har varit att undersöka i vilken utsträckning dessa arenor har utnyttjats efter det att mästerskapet är över. Den huvudsakliga variabel vi tagit utgångspunkt ifrån är antalet åskådare per säsong/år för respek- tive arena. Genom att ta antalet åskådare i förhållande till arenans kapacitet har vi skapat ett index, vilket har gjort det möjligt för oss att på ett enkelt och överskådligt vis jämföra de arenor som ingår i studien och även synliggöra tillståndet för varje enskild arena. Indexet har även medfört att vi har kunnat jämföra vilket mästerskap som, sett till dess idrottsliga arv, kan ses som det mest hållbara och framgångsrika. Även om studien påvisar att arenor har haft en bra och god utveckling efter respektive mästerskap, visar studien även att det finns en generell problematik närvarande kring arenor som uppförts inför stora mästerskap och kring deras efterföljande idrottsliga arv. Flertalet av arenorna i studien har haft det problematiskt att locka till sig en större publik och i förhållande till deras kapacitet är åskådartalen låga. Avsaknaden av en högprofilerad hyresgäst och svaga publiksiffor är de huvudsakliga orsakerna till varför vissa arenaägare har finansiella problem och varför flera arenor har ett negativt idrottsligt arv. De internationella idrottsfederationerna måste, utöver att bli mer flexibla i sina
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