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April 09, 2010

1096 - 1099 1147 - 1149 1189 - 1192 1202 - 1204 1218 - 1221 1228 - 1229 1248 - 1254 1270 - 1272 1291 End of the

VII. Late (1050 CE – 1270 CE) A.1st Crusade 1. Long-term Causes a) City of important to , + b) City conquered by Muslims in late 600’s C.E. c) Seljuk Turks conquered parts of Near East + threaten April 09, 2010

The noble race of must come to the aid their fellow Christians in the East. The infidel Turks are advancing into the heart of Eastern ; Christians are being oppressed and attacked; "Holy Christians are being slaughtered..." churches and holy places are being defiled. Jerusalem is groaning under the Saracen yoke. The Holy Sepulchre is in Moslem hands and has been turned into a . Pilgrims are harassed and even prevented from access to the

The West must march to the defense of the East. All should go, rich and poor alike. The Franks must stop their internal wars and squabbles. Let them go instead against the infidel and fight a righteous war.

God himself will lead you, for you will be doing His work. There will be absolution and remission of sins for all who die in the service of Christ. Here, you are poor and miserable sinners; there, you will be rich and happy. Let none hesitate; you must march next summer. God wills it!

Circle the correct ones

Pick the two who fought? Jews Christians Muslims

Fought over what? Constantinople Jerusalem

Who won? Jews Christians Muslims April 09, 2010

2. Short-Term Causes a) Turkish threat led Byzantine emperor to call Rome for help 1095 CE b) Urban II called for volunteers to retake Jerusalem 1095 C.E. c) Pope called war a “holy war” + all who died fighting would go directly to heaven d) Volunteers were (i) = able to win glory + serve God (ii) Peasants = able to get free from manor

RT: Chpt. 13 Sect. 1 pgs.

318-321 Q = 1,3,4 April 09, 2010 April 09, 2010 3.Short-Term Results a)Jerusalem is captured in 1099 C.E. + ransacked b) Crusaders set up feudal states in areas of modern + 4.Long-Term Results a)Hatred of non-Christians increased b) Reinforced authority of church

Can a failure also be a success? April 09, 2010 April 09, 2010 B. 2nd + 3rd Crusades 1.2nd Crusade roughly 50 years after 1st a) Cause: Seljuk Turks reconquered parts of feudal states but not Jerusalem b) Results: it was unsuccessful as leaders fought eachother 2.3rd Crusade 1189-1192 C.E. a)often called Crusade of = , Philip of + Richard “the Lion Hearted” b) Cause: Muslim leader captured Jerusalem c)Effects: Crusaders didn’t win a decisive victory but Saladin allowed Catholics to visit the Holy City C. @ least 4 more crusades but all failed and they lost their religious direction April 09, 2010

Create a list of what you see going on in this medieval town. April 09, 2010

What were the Crusades and why might they be called one of European history’s most successful failures? (minimum 1 paragraph) April 09, 2010 April 09, 2010 XI. Growth of Towns 1000 – 1100 C.E. A. conditions 1.narrow + winding streets 2.No sewers = garbage + sewage left out in streets = unhealthy conditions + disease B. 1.growth began w/ 1000 C.E. 2.function: merchants + artisans created unions to form a monopoly, which controlled a)price levels = everyone sells at same price b) quality control = standard weights + measures c)no advertising

3. 3 levels of membership a)1st apprentices = work for master + live w/ master but not paid b) 2nd journeymen = work for master + paid, main goal to learn skills necessary to produce masterpiece c)3rd master = expert at craft + approved by April 09, 2010

Finish this statement in 1-3 sentences

The Crusades were ...

Finish this statement in 1-3 sentences

The Crusades were ... April 09, 2010 April 09, 2010

England 1066 CE + Winchester left off est. pop 1.2 - 1.5 million

How would this map change around 1300-1400 CE?

X. Problems w/ the A. Babylonian Captivity 1.pope moved to , France + were influenced by French monarchs 2.wide belief neglected religious duties B. Great Schism 1.after Pope Gregory XI died 2 popes were elected a)one in Rome b) one in Avignon 2.by 1414 C.E. a council met + forced all 3 to resign April 09, 2010

C. calls to reform followed 1.problems w/ how church raised $ esp. simony = when church sold its positions 2. also church officials broke many rules 3. to build St Peter's Bascilica in Rome

St Peter's Square

Michelangelo's La Pieta April 09, 2010 D. Reformers 1. a) Thought church officials were immoral + corrupt b) Translated from into English = that way ppl skipped church officials c) Above = = the language of everyday speech or common language 2. a) wanted reforms w/in church b) result = burned at the stake

John Wycliffe April 09, 2010 Jan Hus

England's Gov't Who's in Power?

Church Knights Merchants Peasants Monarch Nobles April 09, 2010

XI. 100 Years War (1337 – 1453 C.E.) A. fought by England + France B. Causes 1. dispute over land 2. England claimed French crown 3. growth of economic rivalry 4. growth of national pride

100 Years War Map April 09, 2010

Battle at Cercy

British Weapons of Victory

Cannon

Long Bow Which weapon would you think had the bigger effect and why? April 09, 2010

Why would it be so shocking to have a teenage girl lead the French to victory?

Joan of Arc (painted 1505)

C. Major battles = Cercy + Agnicort 1.British victories due to long bow = which overpowered + pierced armor 2. but soon British lost advantage w/ rise of April 09, 2010 D. Effects of 100 Years War 1.France’s national pride + power of king grew 2.Britain = kings had to call Parliament to raise $ for war and Parliament’s power increased 3.Britain lost its continental (just an island again) 4.knights role decreased b/c of + but common soldiers value increased 5.castles became less important b/c of cannon

Directions: 1) You will get in the groups I assign 2) You will go to the stations that I assign, answer all the questions at that station in your notes (do not leave that station until instructed) 3) Once instructed you will move to the next highest station or move from Station #5 to Station #1 April 09, 2010 April 09, 2010

Medieval Doctor