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VII. Late Middle Ages (1050 CE – 1270 CE) A.1St Crusade 1. Long

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VII. Late Middle Ages (1050 CE – 1270 CE) A.1St Crusade 1. Long April 09, 2010 1096 - 1099 First Crusade 1147 - 1149 Second Crusade 1189 - 1192 Third Crusade 1202 - 1204 Fourth Crusade 1218 - 1221 Fifth Crusade 1228 - 1229 Sixth Crusade 1248 - 1254 Seventh Crusade 1270 - 1272 Eighth Crusade 1291 End of the Crusades VII. Late Middle Ages (1050 CE – 1270 CE) A.1st Crusade 1. Long-term Causes a) City of Jerusalem important to Jews, Muslims + Christians b) City conquered by Muslims in late 600’s C.E. c) Seljuk Turks conquered parts of Near East + threaten Constantinople April 09, 2010 The noble race of Franks must come to the aid their fellow Christians in the East. The infidel Turks are advancing into the heart of Eastern Christendom; Christians are being oppressed and attacked; "Holy Christians are being slaughtered..." churches and holy places are being defiled. Jerusalem is groaning under the Saracen yoke. The Holy Sepulchre is in Moslem hands and has been turned into a mosque. Pilgrims are harassed and even prevented from access to the Holy Land The West must march to the defense of the East. All should go, rich and poor alike. The Franks must stop their internal wars and squabbles. Let them go instead against the infidel and fight a righteous war. God himself will lead you, for you will be doing His work. There will be absolution and remission of sins for all who die in the service of Christ. Here, you are poor and miserable sinners; there, you will be rich and happy. Let none hesitate; you must march next summer. God wills it! Circle the correct ones Pick the two who fought? Jews Christians Muslims Fought over what? Constantinople Jerusalem Rome Who won? Jews Christians Muslims April 09, 2010 2. Short-Term Causes a) Turkish threat led Byzantine emperor to call Rome for help 1095 CE b) Pope Urban II called for volunteers to retake Jerusalem 1095 C.E. c) Pope called war a “holy war” + all who died fighting would go directly to heaven d) Volunteers were (i)Knights = able to win glory + serve God (ii) Peasants = able to get free from manor RT: Chpt. 13 Sect. 1 pgs. 318-321 Q = 1,3,4 April 09, 2010 April 09, 2010 3.Short-Term Results a)Jerusalem is captured in 1099 C.E. + ransacked b) Crusaders set up feudal states in areas of modern Syria + Palestine 4.Long-Term Results a)Hatred of non-Christians increased b) Reinforced authority of church Can a failure also be a success? April 09, 2010 April 09, 2010 B. 2nd + 3rd Crusades 1.2nd Crusade roughly 50 years after 1st a) Cause: Seljuk Turks reconquered parts of feudal states but not Jerusalem b) Results: it was unsuccessful as leaders fought eachother 2.3rd Crusade 1189-1192 C.E. a)often called Crusade of Kings = Holy Roman Emperor, King Philip of France + Richard “the Lion Hearted” b) Cause: Muslim leader Saladin captured Jerusalem c)Effects: Crusaders didn’t win a decisive victory but Saladin allowed Catholics to visit the Holy City C. @ least 4 more crusades but all failed and they lost their religious direction April 09, 2010 Create a list of what you see going on in this medieval town. April 09, 2010 What were the Crusades and why might they be called one of European history’s most successful failures? (minimum 1 paragraph) April 09, 2010 April 09, 2010 XI. Growth of Towns 1000 – 1100 C.E. A. conditions 1.narrow + winding streets 2.No sewers = garbage + sewage left out in streets = unhealthy conditions + disease B. Guilds 1.growth began w/ 1000 C.E. 2.function: merchants + artisans created unions to form a monopoly, which controlled a)price levels = everyone sells at same price b) quality control = standard weights + measures c)no advertising 3. 3 levels of membership a)1st apprentices = work for master + live w/ master but not paid b) 2nd journeymen = work for master + paid, main goal to learn skills necessary to produce masterpiece c)3rd master = expert at craft + approved by guild April 09, 2010 Finish this statement in 1-3 sentences The Crusades were ... Finish this statement in 1-3 sentences The Crusades were ... April 09, 2010 April 09, 2010 England 1066 CE London + Winchester left off est. pop 1.2 - 1.5 million How would this map change around 1300-1400 CE? X. Problems w/ the Catholic Church A. Babylonian Captivity 1.pope moved to Avignon, France + were influenced by French monarchs 2.wide belief popes neglected religious duties B. Great Schism 1.after Pope Gregory XI died 2 popes were elected a)one in Rome b) one in Avignon 2.by 1414 C.E. a council met + forced all 3 to resign April 09, 2010 C. calls to reform followed 1.problems w/ how church raised $ esp. simony = when church sold its positions 2. also church officials broke many rules 3. to build St Peter's Bascilica in Rome St Peter's Square Michelangelo's La Pieta April 09, 2010 D. Reformers 1.John Wycliffe a) Thought church officials were immoral + corrupt b) Translated bible from Latin into English = that way ppl skipped church officials c) Above = vernacular = the language of everyday speech or common language 2. Jan Hus a) wanted reforms w/in church b) result = burned at the stake John Wycliffe April 09, 2010 Jan Hus England's Gov't Who's in Power? Church Knights Merchants Peasants Monarch Nobles April 09, 2010 XI. 100 Years War (1337 – 1453 C.E.) A. fought by England + France B. Causes 1. dispute over land 2. England claimed French crown 3. growth of economic rivalry 4. growth of national pride 100 Years War Map April 09, 2010 Battle at Cercy British Weapons of Victory Cannon Long Bow Which weapon would you think had the bigger effect and why? April 09, 2010 Why would it be so shocking to have a teenage girl lead the French to victory? Joan of Arc (painted 1505) C. Major battles = Cercy + Agnicort 1.British victories due to long bow = which overpowered crossbows + pierced armor 2. but soon British lost advantage w/ rise of Joan of Arc April 09, 2010 D. Effects of 100 Years War 1.France’s national pride + power of king grew 2.Britain = kings had to call Parliament to raise $ for war and Parliament’s power increased 3.Britain lost its continental empire (just an island again) 4.knights role decreased b/c of crossbow + cannon but common soldiers value increased 5.castles became less important b/c of cannon Directions: 1) You will get in the groups I assign 2) You will go to the stations that I assign, answer all the questions at that station in your notes (do not leave that station until instructed) 3) Once instructed you will move to the next highest station or move from Station #5 to Station #1 April 09, 2010 April 09, 2010 Medieval Doctor.
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