2:15 Paul Stephenson Biography Black Bristolians 2:15:193 Paul in RAF uniform Photo courtesy of Paul Stephenson Paul continued campaigning against Paul continued campaigning not leave a and in 1964 he would to serve Black people. pub that refused of this, and as a result He was arrested the magistrate accepted that it was racism at the heart of the decision and the manager of the pub lost his job. The Labour Leader of the Opposition at Wilson, told Paul he the time, Harold laws against racism and would introduce Biography (former MP and Cabinet Tony Minister) and Paul Stephenson on the 40th anniversary of the Bus Boycott, in 2003. Photo courtesy of Paul Stephenson Date of birth: 6th May 1937 Date of birth: Essex Rochford, Place of birth: in Bristol: 1962 Date of arrival Paul was born and went to Forest in Essex School in London where Gate Secondary and was also he was the only Black child, living in the one of the few Black children became an air force In 1953 he local area. levels in the cadet. He did his ‘O’ and ‘A’ doing National while Royal Air Force 1960. 1953 to Service from and was the Paul arrived in Bristol in 1962, the He founded first Black Social Worker. Council to campaign against racism in Bristol. Indian Development West because of the ban on employing Black people on was formed This group attention to racism in Bristol. Within drew the Bristol buses. Their campaign was successful and the ban was lifted. six months the Bristol campaign Paul Stephenson Paul in 1965 the first Race Relations Act was passed. Forty years later the in 1965 the first Race Relations Act was passed. Forty for reception Chair of the Commission for Racial Equality held an honorary Paul to mark his contribution to establishing the Act. Indies Cricket Club West of the Bristol In 1964 Paul was made President Relations but then left Bristol to work in Coventry as a Senior Community he worked for the where until 1972. After this he went to London Officer returning to Bristol in 1992. Commission for Racial Equality before

Photo courtesy of Paul Stephenson Paul and son with the boxer, Muhammad Ali Paul and son with the boxer,

”

History is very important for understanding who we are, History is very important for understanding who “ Paul’s message is: Paul’s Paul was appointed the first Black member of the Sports Council. While in the Sports Council. member of the first Black appointed Paul was setting famous boxer, Ali, the world with Muhammad he worked London, in (MASDA) Association Sports Development Muhammad Ali up the not were to do sports they encouraged Black children Brixton. MASDA also and table tennis. He with such as tennis, angling usually associated 1977 to 1982. from Awards the Cleo Laine Schools’ Music chaired models such as role Paul says that King, Paul Robeson, Martin Luther Nat King Cole Sugar Ray Robinson, Leary Constantine, and Lord Leary became him. Lord inspired a personal friend. Paul also campaigned against in South Africa (when forced Black and white people were and he to live and work separately), in 1974 from was given an award the United Nations for this work. support for his Paul has declared Bristol City Council's and has chaired the Abolition 200 commemorations the events. He feels if he had not taken year’s Committee overseeing the have taken Bristol longer to admit to its role stand he did in 1963, it would by famous Bristolians and the part played Slave Trade in the Transatlantic Colston. such as Edward Partnership, of which he is Recently he founded the Bristol Black Archives and objects of local Black looks after the records This group a patron. that this will people and makes them available to everyone. They hope the country. throughout similar projects inspire has set up and Paul has always been very involved in public life and in the many recognised many associations. His work has been chaired 4th 2007 he became he has won. On December local and national awards the City of Bristol, in a of the first Black person to become a Freeman at the Council House in Bristol. ceremony what’s happening to us today and where our vision is for happening to us today and where what’s tomorrow.

Black Bristolians 2:15:194 2:15 Paul Stephenson Teachers’ Background Notes Black Bristolians 2:15:195 Teachers’ Background Notes Background Teachers’ Paul arrived in Bristol in 1962 as the first Black Social Worker. He founded the He founded as the first Black Social Worker. Paul arrived in Bristol in 1962 on Council, which was formed because of the ban Indian Development West attention to Bristol buses. Their campaign drew employing Black people on the to rid the city of this particular practice. racism in Bristol and the need They of their colour. be excluded because felt they shouldn’t group This pressure at the time of the civil rights campaign and saw what was happening in America campaign in Bristol. Within six months the felt they also wanted a non-violent and the ban was broken. Bristol campaign was successful public against Black people being excluded from Paul continued campaigning to serve Black people. leave a pub that refused places and in 1964 would not and court case was that the magistrate accepted that of his arrest The result of the pub lost his job. racism was at the heart of the exclusion and the manager laws Paul he would introduce Wilson, then Leader of the Opposition, told Harold passed. Forty years against racism, and in 1965 the first Race Relations Act was an honorary throw later the Chair of the Commission for Racial Equality was to for Paul to mark his contribution to establishing the Act. Paul believes reception attended the reception that people he had waged political battles with in the past because they now saw things differently. Indies Cricket Club but left of the Bristol West In 1964 he was made President until 1972. Officer Bristol to work in Coventry as a Senior Community Relations Commission for Racial he worked for the After this he went to London where returning to Bristol in 1992. Equality before of the Sports During this time Paul was appointed as the first Black member up the Council. While in London he worked with Muhammad Ali setting in Brixton. MASDA Muhammad Ali Sports Development Association (MASDA) Role models such as Martin Luther King, Paul Robeson, Sugar Ray Robinson, Role models such as Martin Luther Leary became a personal friend. Lord him. Leary inspired Nat King Cole and Lord Paul went to Forest Gate Secondary School where he was the only Black child he was School where Gate Secondary Paul went to Forest In 1953 he became Gate area. the Forest in few Black children and one of the RAF while doing national levels in the ‘A’ cadet. He did his ‘O’ and an airforce 1953 to 1960. service from and and exclusion in his schooling personal experience of racism Because of his Sociology and Community years, he decided to study national service Birmingham. College, Westhill, Development in 1962 at University Paul Stephenson Paul “History is very important for understanding who we are, what’s are, “History is very important for understanding who we to It is vital our vision is for tomorrow. happening to us today and where time to time to ensure it from take ownership of our history and to revisit understanding of our humanity.” of our time and picture we have a clearer Paul’s message is: Paul’s In addition to the awards mentioned above, he has received the West Indian the West mentioned above, he has received In addition to the awards for 1988, Bristol City Community Award Publishers’ Community Award to the Black Community in Bristol 1988, Achievement and Services Rendered 1996, African and Caribbean Council Community Achievers’ Award Bristol West 2006. Award One Person Can Make a Difference and Bristol City Council’s the 50th person since On 4th December 2007, with a unanimous vote, he became and the first Black Freeman. of the City of Bristol, 1888 to be given the Freedom encouraged Black children to do sports they were not usually associated with usually associated not were do sports they to Black children encouraged the with Denis Howell, He had links and table tennis. tennis, angling such as to use first Black organisations one of the MASDA became and Minister, Sports chair until 1985. MASDA’s remained for social events. He the House of Commons 1977 to 1982 with from Awards the Cleo Laine Schools’ Music He also set up her husband John Dankworth. Cleo Laine and sports Council, which promotes appointed to the British Sports In 1975 he was Africa against playing in apartheid South the UK. He campaigned throughout was later to be an exiled South African, who then Ramsamy, alongside Sam Olympic of the South African Mandela as the President appointed by Nelson his contribution the United Nations marked in 1974 from award Committee. An as a spokesperson for the international and in campaign against apartheid entering South Africa. from October 1980 Paul was banned and is advisor to the nominations Fagon Alfred Paul is chair of the Friends of made honorary president He was also Fagon Award. committee of the Alfred Association in 1979 and two years later was Indian Parents’ West of Bristol’s He also Complaints Commission. Council, now the Press appointed to the Press of the Coach House Small Business of Directors became a member of the Board in 1985. in St. Paul’s Centre Partnership, of which he is a Black Archives Recently he founded the Bristol and objects of Black the archives to preserve are group The aims of this patron. will inspire to everyone. He hopes this project people and to make them available U.K. The material can help teachers to develop a relevant the others throughout and inspiring curriculum. the stand he did in 1963, it would have taken Paul feels that had he not taken He has declared Slave Trade. in the Transatlantic Bristol longer to admit its role debate on Bristol's his support for the Abolition 200 commemorations and the Slave Trade. involvement in the Transatlantic

Black Bristolians 2:15:196 2:15 Paul Stephenson Suggested Activities Black Bristolians 2:15:197 KS3 Activities Reporting racism Media How does the media racism now? Visit report journalist.from Interview. (Media wise organisation based in Bristol)* (Media) Communities Pupils to draw mind maps of their local community showing the that they belong groups youth to e.g. Church, sports team etc. group, contributions Pupils share community map to create of Bristol. (Citizenship) Newspapers and journalists Use newspapers from 1963* to gather evidence about the events and characters of the Bristol Bus Boycott. (History) Personal qualities Discuss Paul Stevenson’s examples Share bravery. of others who fought for peoples’ rights – and Martin Luther King – Civil Rights movement. Role play situations pupils might be where brave. Research editorial articles Research in newspapers. an article for a Write newspaper of the times for Black (1960s) arguing rights to a job on people’s the buses. Newspaper editorials Bristol Bus Boycott * Read sequence of events with class. Use newspaper articles.* act Drama. In groups to the out. Presentation class. Suggested Activities Suggested Fairness on the buses Make a bus, go on a it in turn ‘journey’. Take to be the conductor and driver (fairness, equality) Hot-seat the driver and conductor Wheels on the bus song. Bus Journey bus journeyGo on a real to the bus station. to a bus Interview/Talk driver e.g. Polish bus driver. Bristol Bus Boycott* story of the pupils Tell Bristol Bus Boycott and show them some photographs or the newspaper articles. Foundation Stage/ KS1 Activities KS2 Activities *See the resource list for details *See the resource These are suggested activities based on Paul Stephenson’s biography. on Paul Stephenson’s suggested activities based These are pages. lesson plan on following in bold print have a detailed The activities Primary and the City Glenfrome from DVD to see Bristol pupils the Watch Stephenson. Black Bristolian Paul Academy interview Paul Stephenson Paul 2:15 Paul Stephenson Lesson Plan Black Bristolians 2:15:199

FS/KS1 Boycott (BBB) Recall with pupils what and how they have been learning. How did we make Lesson Plan: FairnessLesson Plan: on the buses children can make the different forms of transport). can make the different children wide range of countries and languages. and inclusive. responding to questions and generating discussion. responding life experiences? to their real How does this relate what they can see and investigate. on a bus etc.? have they been Who works on buses? Where the bus, about how many seats you will need, who will work on ideas. Talk and refine what you will take with you etc. Discuss how we will make sure that everyone can have a go at being the driver or that Discuss how we will make sure of how we look etc.? How can we make it fair? conductor – is it fair to choose because *See the resource list for details *See the resource Parent/Carer involvement Parent/Carer about what you do and see. talking Go on a bus journey, Learning outcomes/Success criteria • inclusion and fairness. that ensure in processes Pupils will have engaged • equality and fairness. Pupils can talk about • racism is unfair and wrong. Pupils can know that • Paul Stephenson and his contribution to Bristol. Pupils will know about Recall – fair? that we were sure Opportunities for child initiated experiences Opportunities for child initiated • bus station, airport etc. include lots of chairs so (travel agent, area Role play – travel • a lots of examples of tickets, leaflets, timetables etc., from – provide area Writing • construction – models of buses and other transport. Junk modelling and • to make play fair activities focus on strategies with the children During independent Suggested activities • of Paul Stephenson and others, the photos share pupils the story of the BBB and Tell • Pupils to talk about and compare buses (old and new). of different Look at pictures • take turns for pupils to make a bus – pupils plan in conversation, resources Provide • Key words/phrases ResourcesFairUnfairRacism of buses Biography/pictures to make a bus Resources Sequence of events in Bristol Bus Organisation/Grouping Whole class Small groups (PSED, K&U, CLL,MD) (PSED, Learning objectives •and wrong. that racism is unfair recognise To •in our setting. fair are things ensure consider how we can To •and explain views. opinions language to share use appropriate To Paul Stephenson Paul (Pre-lesson activity – Read biography of Paul Stephenson) activity – Read biography (Pre-lesson know that change happened as a result of people fighting for their rights. of people happened as a result know that change Lesson Plan: Bristol Bus Boycott Bristol Bus Boycott Lesson Plan: . racism and discrimination. is clear. and to pick out main points. Choose some the boycott the article was written class. out to the important points to read community. *See the resource list for details *See the resource Homework task or Parent/Carer involvement Homework task or Parent/Carer work right to for Black people’s the editorial of a newspaper article arguing Write on the buses. Assessment opportunities Pupils’ understanding and use of vocabulary. these issues in a drama. Confidence to present Learning outcomes/Success criteria • their rights in Bristol. know that Black people have fought successfully for Pupils • actions. of people’s know that change happened in 1963 as a result Pupils • and racism people from understand how the RRA now protects Pupils • know about Paul Stephenson and his contribution to Bristol. Pupils Plenary • to with regard issues raised and tell pupils that the law has changed Discuss • accessible version of RRA with pupils. Share Suggested activities Key words/phrases ResourcesBoycottOmnibusBlack (generic term Newspaper articles* for all non-white BME people) (RRA) Race Relations Act 1976* Biography/picture Bristol Bus Boycott (BBB) events Race Relations (Amendment) Act 2000 • vocabulary events. Discuss and ensure BBB through a whole class read As Mixed ability groups • to decide at what point of copies of newspaper articles to read, given are Groups Organisation/Grouping • and pupils to act out. through read of events – teacher to Drama class Whole • to the class. their own and then present plan on Groups Learning objectives •To (History, PSHE & Citizenship) (History, Paul Stephenson Paul •for the better in our have contributed to change know that Black people To • in the 1930s. was part of Black peoples’ lives understand how racism To

KS2 Black Bristolians 2:15:200 2:15 Paul Stephenson Lesson Plan Black Bristolians 2:15:201

KS3 revise the vocabulary associated with newspapers. the revise Lesson Plan: Newspaper reporting Newspaper reporting Lesson Plan: about the past. articles and photos) to build up picture of key characters – personal qualities and picture articles and photos) to build up events. in the sequence of events. points interviewing characters at different society. *See the resource list for details *See the resource Homework task or Parent/Carer involvement Homework task or Parent/Carer TV to see interviewer ask questions. Watch Learning outcomes/Success criteria • information can demonstrate how they have used evidence to gather Pupils • know about Paul Stephenson and his contribution to Bristol. Pupils Plenary • BBB. issues arising from Discuss • information from. to consider what other evidence they could use to gather Pupils Suggested activities •BBB. sequence of events of Read • (biography of Paul Stephenson, newspaper task of using evidence groups Give • play newspaper reporter to ask, then role to develop questions Groups Key words/phrases ResourcesHeadlinesInterviewBy-line Journalist of Paul Stephenson. Biography and picture Whole class copies of newspaper articles* Enlarged Groups Sequence of events of Bristol Boycott* (BBB) Bus Organisation/Grouping Learning objectives •To (Media, English) (Media, Paul Stephenson Paul • evidence about the past. use newspapers to gather To • learn and society in the past. about attitudes of people To • to change in our ethnic people have contributed know that Black and minority To 2:15 Paul Stephenson Resources Black Bristolians 2:15:203 Resources DVD are: racism, Bristol Bus Boycott, achievements. racism, Bristol DVD are: for further questions? to talk to pupils?Willing to come into school Yes Contact details Name:Tel: PaulteachersWilling to be contacted by Stephenson 0117 962 3638/0780 077 7104 Yes • 939 9332. Media wise 0117 • included. in Bristol Bus Boycott Sequence of events • Act included. Race Relations • original newspaper articles in Section 4 of this pack. See • on the featured during his interview themes/subjects covered Some Paul Stephenson Paul Resources:Bus Boycott Bristol Sequence of events Sequence of Black (BOC) did not employ any In April 1963 the buses. on staff . no laws against were There . He came to from A young man called Guy Reid-Bailey a job on the buses. lived in Bristol and wanted youth worker in Bristol checked Paul Stephenson, an African-Caribbean had jobs on the buses and that the qualifications that Guy were that there When the interview He arranged an interview for Guy. good enough. were BOC back and told them that Guy was had been confirmed he phoned African-Caribbean. cancelled the interview. Bristol Omnibus Company Manager of BOC. He the General Paul Stephenson met Ian Patey, on the buses. employ Black staff confirmed that they did not and others Henry Owen, Roy Hackett Paul Stephenson, Guy Reid-Bailey, in Bristol to boycott the buses. people organised They also contacted journalists the Bristol Evening Post, national on Indian Gazette. papers, Caribbean papers like The Gleaner and the West produced. Many articles and TV interviews were students and others White Bristolians, the African-Caribbean community, They also marched boycotted the buses by walking or travelling by bike. with banners to protest. Local and national politicians got involved. Union (TGWU) talked for Workers and General The BOC and the Transport months. Black staff. to employ Finally in August 1963 the BOC agreed to work on A Sikh man called Raghbir Singh was the first Black person the buses in Bristol. Paul Stephenson Paul

Black Bristolians 2:15:204 2:15 Paul Stephenson Resources Black Bristolians 2:15:205 Resources: The Race Relations Act Race Relations The Resources: and education. services, training It applied to jobs, housing, national origins. national origins. nationality, ethnic or nationality, race, colour, and race, colour, anyone because of their anyone because discriminate against discriminate of 1976 made it illegal to of 1976 made The Race Relations Act Relations The Race Paul Stephenson Paul