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Do to Others As You Would Have Them Do to You" Analysis of Luke 6:27

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Do to Others As You Would Have Them Do to You TANGAZA COLLEGE THE CATHOLIC UNIVERSITY OF EASTERN AFRICA BIRUSHE HERMENEGILDE, 0.F.M "DO TO OTHERS AS YOU WOULD HAVE THEM DO TO YOU" ANALYSIS OF LUKE 6:27-36. A THEOLOGICAL CHALLENGE TO TRIBALISM, INJUSTICE AND POVERTY IN BURUNDI Supervisor Rev. Fr Magnante Antonio, I.M.0 A Long Essay Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for Baccalaureate in Sacred Theology NAIROBI 2011 DECLARATION I at giosfie herrn crtrii/dr declare that this long essay is my original work achieved through my personal reading, research method and critical reflection. It is submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for Baccalaureate in Sacred Theology. It has never been submitted to any college or university for academic credit. All sources have been acknowledged and cited in full. Signed: Name of a Student isg.0.$112. acrintnKIAtar ;fir: This long essay has been submitted for examination with my approval as the college supervisor Signed: Name of Supervisor Date II DEDICATION I dedicate this research work to my parents Nyagambabaye Denise and the late Birushe Joseph. It is through their love and sacrifice that I realised my call to Religious life. III ACKNOWLEGEMENT I wish to thank wholeheartedly Fr. Antonio Magnante, I.M.C, who patiently accompanied me throughout my research and read each and every letter of my work. Without him the English and the theology would not be academically comprehensible. I extend my great appreciation to Fr. Cornelius Smith who corrected my English and gave constructive suggestions as I was writing this paper. My thanks also go to Fr. Cantore Ottone, I.M.0 whose seminar on how to write the Biblical long essay has facilitated my research and presentation of this long essay. Thanks to all my Biblical teachers, Fr Cantore Ottone, Fr. Antonio Mangnante, Fr. Roy Scrapical and Fr. Lacomara whose Scripure courses I have enjoyed and created in me an interest in Bible. I thank all my professors at Tangaza College, who made me be whom I am today. My academic achievement is due to them. Many thanks to the community of the Friars Minor, who gave me moral, spiritual and financial support which I needed to complete my studies. To all my friends, classmates and especially Catherine Kalumu who kept encouraging me by creating an ambience which was conducive to do the research, I say many thanks to you all. May God bless you abundantly! IV CONTENTS DECLARATION II DEDICATION HI ACKNOWLEGEMENT IV CONTENTS V ABBREVIATIONS VII 0.0 GENERAL INTRODUCTION 1 0.1 Motive of the Study 1 0.2 Purpose of the Study 2 0.3 Articulation of the Research Work 2 0.4 Sources, Method and the Content of the Research Work 3 CHAPTER I 4 BACKGROUND OF LUKE 6:27-36 4 1.1 Introduction 4 1.2 Historical Background of Israel's Enmity with Other Nations 4 1.3 The Relationship of Israel with Its Enemies 5 1.4 Conflict Resolution within Israel 6 1.5 Delimitation of the Text 7 1.6 Source Criticism 8 1.7 Form Criticism 9 1.8 Context of the Text 11 1.8a Remote Context 11 1.8b Immediate Context 12 1.9 Parallels in the Old Testament 14 1.9a Leviticus 19:18-29 14 1.9b Other Parallels in the Old Testament 14 Conclusion 14 CHAPTER II 16 EXEGESIS OF LK 6:27-36 16 2.0 Introduction 16 2.1 Textual Criticism or Redaction Criticism 16 2.2 Parallelism and Comparison of the Synoptic Texts (Mt 5:38-48 and Lk 6:27-36) 17 2.3 Parallelism in other NT Texts 22 2.3.1 Romans 12:14-21 22 2.3.2 1Thessalonians 5:15 23 2.3.3 1Peter 3:9 24 V 2.4 Comparison of Lk 6:27-36 with IThes 5:15; IN 3:9 and Rom 12:14-21 24 2.4.1a Similarities 25 2.4.1b Differences 25 2.4.2 Literary Dependence or Common Traditional Source 26 2.5 Exegetical Analysis of LK 6:27-36 27 2.6 Analyses of Key Words 34 2.6 I Love 34 2.6.2 Do not Refuse Your Tunic 36 2.6.3 Mercy 37 2.6.4 Enemy 39 2.6.5 Bless and Curse 40 2.7 THE THEOLOGICAL INTERPRETATION 44 2.7.1 Love Your Enemy (Lk 6: 27a, 35) 44 2.7.2 Relationship with Benefactors and Enemies (Lk 6: 32-34) 46 2.7.3 Bless and Pray for those who treat you badly 47 2.7.4 Do not Respond in Kind 48 2.7.5 The Meaning of the Golden Rule (Lk 6:31) 49 2.7.6The Reasoning Behind Loving Our Enemies ( Lk 6: 32-34) 51 2.7.7 Jesus' Final Instruction (Lk 6:35-36) 52 Conclusion 53 CHAPTRE III 56 A THEOLOGICAL CHALLENGE TO TRIBILISM, INJUSTICE AND POVERTY IN BURUNDI 56 3.0 Introduction 56 3.1 Political Situation in Burundi 57 3.2 Socio-Economic Situation 57 3.3 Poverty and Tribalism in the Light of Luke 6:27-36 59 3.4 Trinitarian Love as a Challenge to Tribalism in Burundi 60 3.5 Theological Challenge to Tribalism, Poverty and Injustice in Burundi 64 3.6 Possible Implementation 65 3.6.1 Respect for Ethnic Differences 66 3.6.2 Duties and Responsibilities 68 3.6.3 Forgiveness and Reconciliation 69 3.6.4 Patience and Endurance 73 3.6.5 Peacemaker 74 Conclusion 75 General Conclusion 77 BIBLIOGRAPHY 80 VI ABBREVIATIONS Books of the Bible Acts Acts of the Apostles 2Chr 2Chronicles Col Colotians 1Cor !Corinthians Dn Daniel Dt Deuteronomy Eph Ephesians Ex Exodus Ezr Ezra Gal Galations Gen Genesis Heb Hebrews Ho Hosea 1Kgs The First Book of Kings Jas James Jer Jeremiah 31 Joel 1 Jn 1 John in The Gospel of St John Jon Jonah Lev The Book of Leviticus Lk The Gospel of St Luke Neh Nehemiah Mk The Gospel of St Mark Mt The Gospel of St Matthew Neh Nehemiah Num The Book of Numbers 1Pt 1Peter Prov Proverbs Ps Psalms Rev Revelation Rom Romans 1Sam The First Book of Samuel Sir Sirach Tb Tobit 1Thes 1Thessalonians 1Tim 'Timothy Zec Zechariah VII Other Abbreviations ABD The Anchor Bible Dictionary Cf. Confer GS Gaudium et spes: The Pastoral Constitution on the Church in the Modem World KIV King James Version NJB The New Jerusalem Bible NBC The New Jerusalem Biblical Commentary NT New Testament OT Old Testament R M Redemptoris mission RSV Revised Standard Version VIII 1 0.0 GENERAL INTRODUCTION 0.1 Motive of the Study After some years here in Tangaza College studying theology, I am interested in the Bible. What has struck me in the Bible is Jesus' teaching about love. He summarizes the commandments in two main ones: love of God and love of neighbour. In John's Gospel Jesus makes love the criterion of discipleship as he says: "this is how all will know that you are my disciples, if you have love for one another" (Jn 13:35). Unfortunately we experience in the world things which are quite different from what Jesus taught. Jesus' teaching about love and the actual situation in Burundi have inspired me to choose Luke 6:27-36 as my final work. There is so much hatred, injustice, greed, selfishness, poverty and civil war even among Christians. Compassion, tolerance, joy, faith, forgiveness, peace, prosperity, love, humility, and justice, are virtues found in the Bible. However, it is not so easy to practise all these virtues. Why are they so difficult to put into practice? Is it because human beings cannot change, or is it because Jesus is asking us something which is impossible? All these ideas about love in the Bible and especially Luke 6:27-36 have motivated me to choose this topic. 0.2 Purpose of the Study My purpose is to show that, even though Luke 6-27-37 is difficult to put into practice, it is the only way we can claim that we are true followers of Christ. Love is a very demanding challenge for the world as a whole according to what Jesus says: "Do to others as you would have them do to you" (Lk 6:31). This paper seeks to answer some questions such as: What is the meaning of love? Why Did Jesus command us to love our enemy? How do I love my enemies? It will also discuss how Luke 6:27-36 can be the source of reconciliation in Burundian conflict. In Burundi much blood has been shed and hatred and retaliation have become part and parcel of different tribes. This has also produced a situation of injustice and exploitation which is difficult to bear. 0.3 Articulation of the Research Work Luke 6:27-36 will be analyzed in its background over against the Old Testament writings. The text will be discussed in a scientific way: delimitation of the passage, critical points, remote and immediate context. A proper exegesis of the pericope will be provided. Finally, after the analysis of society in Burundi including tribalism, poverty, and injustice, the research work will show how Luke 6:27-36 can shed light on the Burundian situation. The research work will try to single out the best way possible to compose the various differences between tribes, the best way to eliminate injustice and exploitation, and finally the best way for a definitive reconciliation. 2 0.4 Sources, Method and the Content of the Research Work In order to achieve the aforementioned purpose of this research work, I intend to carry out library research from different Biblical works, books, articles and journals about Luke's call to non retaliation, to do to others as we would like them do to us and to the point even of loving our enemies.
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