DOCSLIB.ORG

Principles of MRI EE225E / BIO265

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Principles of MRI EE225E / BIO265 Today.... • Administration – http://www-inst.eecs.berkeley.edu/~ee225e/sp14/ • Intro to Medical Imaging and MRI Principles of MRI EE225E / BIO265 Instructor: Miki Lustig UC Berkeley, EECS M. Lustig, EECS UC Berkeley 1 2 Medical Imaging (Before 1895) Medical Imaging (Post 1895) • Only way to see is to cut! • Revolutionized diagnostic medicine • See internal anatomy • Visualize function • Many modalities • Many sources of contrast M. Lustig, EECS UC Berkeley M. Lustig, EECS UC Berkeley 3 4 Basic Concept Medical Imaging System Requirements • Diagnostic contrast • Inexpensive • Sensitivity • Easy to use Energy Energy • Specificity Body Source Detection • Function • Can’t satisfy all • High Spatial-resolution • Many modalities • High Temporal-resolution • Often several used to • Safe make diagnosis Imaging System • Fast (Electronics, control, computing, algorithms, visualization....) e.g., Engineering! M. Lustig, EECS UC Berkeley M. Lustig, EECS UC Berkeley 5 6 Common Imaging Modalities Medical Imaging is Multi-Disciplinary • Projection X-Ray (Electromagnetic) • Computed Tomography (Electromagnetic) Math Medicine • UltraSound (Sound waves) • Positron Emission Tomography (Nuclear) Engineering • Single-Photon Emission Tomography (Nuclear) Physics • Magnetic Resonance Imaging (magnetic) Biology Chemistry M. Lustig, EECS UC Berkeley M. Lustig, EECS UC Berkeley 7 8 History: X-Rays History: Computed Tomography Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen The breakthrough: 2 8 November 1895: discovers X-rays. 2 acquiring many projections around the object enables the reconstruction of the 3D 2 22 November 1895: X-rays Mrs. RöntgenCs hand. object (or a cross-sectional 2D slice) 2 1901: receives first Nobel Prize in physics Cartotid Stenosis Virtual Medicine CT reconstruction pioneers: Virtual colonoscopy, endoscopy, arthroscopy An early X-ray imaging system: 2 1917: Johann Radon establishes the mathematical framework for tomography, Virtual therapy and surgery planning now called the Radon transform. 2 1963: Allan Cormack publishes Training platform mathematical analysis of tomographic image reconstruction, unaware of RadonCs work. 2 1972: Godfrey Hounsfield develops first CT system, unaware of either Radon or CormackCs work, develops his own reconstruction method. 2 1979 Hounsfield and Cormack receive the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. Note: so far all we can see is a projection across the patient: Radon Cormack Hounsfield Computed Tomography: Concept Computed Tomography: Past and Present History: Ultrasound Ultrasound: Present Image from the Siemens Siretom CT scanner, ca. 1975 1942: Dr. Karl Theodore Dussik,2 128x128 matrix. Engineering Advances Engineering Advances 1st x-ray (1895) x-ray today 1978, British Journal of Radiology, 51, 921-922 @ transmission ultrasound investigation of the brain early CT (1975) CT today NOVEMBER 1978 Short communications Human whole body line-scan imaging by NMR 1955: Holmes and Howry By P. Mansfield, I. L. Pykett, and P. G. Morris Department of Physics, University of Nottingham and R. E. Coupland @ SuBject suBmerged in water tank to achieve good acoustic coupling Department of Human Morphology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham {Received July, 1978) Historically, the first nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) fast line-scanning adaptation (Mansfield et al., 1976) is the pictures demonstrating live human anatomy were produced basis of the technique reported in this paper. The thickness recently (Mansfield and Maudsley, 1976; 1977) using a line- of the cross-sectional slice examined was set to approxi- scanning technique. The original specimens studied were mately four cm in these first experiments. Selected lines of limited in object size to cross-sectional views through material across the slice are scanned from one edge of the fingers. A number of other approaches to imaging by NMR subject to the other and the subsequent data sets for each are also being developed and are compared, discussed and scanned line are stored in a computer for subsequent display referred to elsewhere (Brunner and Ernst, 1978; Pykett and as a picture (Baines and Mansfield, 1976). Large signals Mansfield, 1978). which produce the bright zones in the images come in Recent development and expansion of our imaging general from high concentrations of mobile protons con- apparatus has now allowed us to examine objects of the tained within or near the various tissues and organs. By image of normal neck dimensions of the whole human body. In this paper we wish mobile protons, we have in mind those associated with the M. Lustig, EECS UC Berkeley to reporM.t th Lustig,e first NMEECSR UCline-sca Berkeleyn medical image of a thin free water, fat or oil containe3Dd in or distributeUltrasoundd throughout cross-sectional slice of a live human body. the various tissues and organs of the body. 9 Our work should be seen in the general context of other The whole body image shown in Fig. 1 is a transvers10e medical imaging schemes (Hounsfield, 1973; Hill, 1976; section through the abdominal region (of PM) at the level of Budinger, 1974), where improvements in techniques and the third and lower part of the second lumbar vertebrae. picture quality have recently achieved very high standards. Figure 2 is a line tracing of Fig. 1 labelling the recognizable NMR imaging, however, is in its infancy, but nevertheless morphological features. The liver is visible as a well-defined has merit as a non-invasive and, we believe, non-hazardous mass mainly on the right of the picture and blends with the technique. There is also the possibility of using NMR imag- abdominal wall at the periphery. The vertebrae are identi- ing in conjunction with other measurable NMR parameters fiable in the mid-line and the kidneys lie in the mid-lateral Engineering Advances for Engineeringnormal and abnormal Advancestissue characterization and for region with the spleen adjacent on the left. The central physiological studies including blood flow measurements. circular images probably correspond to the abdominal aorta, Our NMR imaging technique, based on selective excita- with the pancreas lying anterior, inferior vena cava and duo- tion in switched magnetic field gradients, was first described denum. We believe that the variable dense anterior central early ultrasound (1959) ultrasound today by Garroway et al. (1974). A slightly modified version of the Modern CT image acquired with a Siemens scannerearly MRI (1978) MRI today 1959: Automatic scanner, 2Glasgow512x512 matrix MRI today FIG. 1. FIG. 2. Cross-sectional line-scan NMR image through the abdomen Labelled image of Fig. 1. A = aorta, C = colon, D = duo- at L2-3. Arrow indicates mid-line posterior. Left side lies to denum, G = gall-bladder, I = inferior vena cava, K = the left of the illustration. Bright zones correspond in general kidneys, L = liver, P = pancreas, S = spleen, SI = stomach to high mobile proton content. See Fig. 2 for labelled and intestines, V=vertebra. Abdominal muscles and retro- Intravasulardetails. peritonea ultrasoundl fat (MF) are seen adjacent to the vertebra. M. Lustig, EECS UC Berkeley M. Lustig, EECS UC Berkeley 921 Doppler ultrasound twin gestation sacs (s) and bladder (B). 11 12 Projection X-Ray Computed Tomography (CT) Pneumonia abdominal CT • Projection Format • Tomographic • Small Dose • Fast • Fast • High-Res • Inexpensive • Moderate dose • ~1M$ Projection Many Projections M. Lustig, EECS UC Berkeley M. Lustig, EECS UC Berkeley 13 14 Computed Tomography Computed Tomography • Gantry rotation Sinogram cross-section FBP x-ray source M. Lustig, EECS UC Berkeley M. Lustig, EECS UC Berkeley http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4gklQHM19aY&feature=related 15 16 Ultrasound Anatomy vs Function Echo • Real-time • Inexpensive • No-radiation • Many applications • Low contrast and penetration M. Lustig, EECS UC Berkeley M. Lustig, EECS UC Berkeley 17 18 Nuclear Medicine Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) brain metabolism • Specific metabolic • NMR: Nuclear Magnetic Resonance information (function) • MRI : Magnetic Resonance Imaging • Low-res – please don’t say MRI imaging! • High dose • MRI is VERY VERY VERY different from CT! • 1-2M$ PET • Cost: 1M-3M, mainly because of the Magnet • SPECT: Gamma radiation • PET: Positron-> Gamma M. Lustig, EECS UC Berkeley M. Lustig, EECS UC Berkeley 19 20 History History • 1975 - Ernst proposed key concepts. • 1946 - Felix Bloch (Stanford) Edward Purcell Nobel prize (Chemistry) 1991. (Harvard) independently discovered NMR. Nobel Prize (Physics) in 1952. • 1970’s - Mansfield contributes key ideas • 1971 - Raymond Damadian showed changes in MR (slice selection) parameters (T1 and T2) in cancer. People • 1982 - Widespread clinical MRI begins. started thinking about medical NMR 2003 - Lauterbur/Mansfield receive Nobel applications. • prize (Medicine) for their contributions. • 1972 - Invention of CT by Hounsfield and Cormack. Nobel Prize (Medicine) in 1979. • 1973 - Lauterbur described MRI in a similar way to CT M. Lustig, EECS UC Berkeley M. Lustig, EECS UC Berkeley 21 22 MR Imaging Neuro Examples • Magnetic resonance imaging has revolutionized medicine PD T1 T2 • Directly visualizes soft tissues in 3D • Wide range of contrast mechanisms – Tissue character (solid, soft, liquid, fat, ...) – Diffusion – Temperature – Flow, velocity Many different contrasts available – Oxygen Saturation K. Pauly, G. Gold M. Lustig, EECS UC Berkeley M. Lustig, EECS UC Berkeley Stanford Rad 220 23 24 Clinical Example Body Examples PrecontrastPrecontrastNo Contrast Agent PostcontrastPostcontrastContrast
Load more

Recommended publications
  • No Ears to Hear, but Eyes to See?
    Jehoiada Nesnaj NO EARS TO HEAR, BUT EYES TO SEE? 1 No ears to hear, but eyes to see? Special thanks to the parties mentioned below, that have copyrights on the presented images, for their co-operation and contribution, making them available for publication. Their individual names can show up at the bottom of every Google Earth image presented ; © DigitalGlobe, permission granted by email Thu, 1 May 2008, by Amy Opperman, Corporate Image Manager, DigitalGlobe, Longmont Colorado, USA © Europa Technologies, permission granted by email Wed, 20 Aug 2008, by Jayne Parker, Marcomms Manager, Europa Technologies Ltd., UK © Terrametrics, permission granted by email Wed, 7 May 2008, by Julie Baxes, Customer Support, TerraMetrics Inc., Littleton, CO, USA © Tracks4Africa, permission granted by email Wed, 7 May 2008, by Johann Groenewald, Tracks4Africa, Stellenbosch, Rep. of South Africa © Furthermore all copyrighted images in this book as well as cover- image are presented under granted permissions by all individual copyright claiming parties and the Google Earth Pro license key JCPMT45K7L65GHZ therefore free of any other copyright claims. Also special thanks to graphic-illustrator Gary McIntyre at [email protected] for that final touch of cover- and interior-design and the processing into printing formats required for publication. Copyright ©2008 Jehoiada Nesnaj All rights reserved ISBN 143822737X EAN-13 9781438227375 Visit www.noearstohear.com to order additional copies. 2 Jehoiada Nesnaj Jehoiada Nesnaj No ears to hear, but eyes to see? The greatest archaeological discovery ever on Google Earth 7x7 miles wide! Belgium, September 2008 3 No ears to hear, but eyes to see? 4 Jehoiada Nesnaj Table of Contents page 9 Chapter 1.
    [Show full text]
  • The Shameful Wrong That Must Be Righted
    This Year’s Nobel Prize in Medicine The Shameful Wrong That Must Be Righted This year the committee that awards The Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine did the one thing it has no right to do: it ignored the truth. Eminent scientists, leading medical textbooks and the historical facts are in disagreement with the decision of the committee. So is the U. S. Patent Office. Even Alfred Nobel’s will is in disagreement. The com- mittee is attempting to rewrite history. The Nobel Prize Committee to Physiology or Medicine chose to award the prize, not to the medical doctor/research scientist who made the breakthrough discovery on which all MRI technology is based, but to two scientists who later made technological improvements based on his discovery. WHAT EMINENT SCIENTISTS AND AUTHORS SAY “I was stunned to learn that the Nobel Committee has apparently become so political that it is willing to overlook documented evidence (1971) for the first discovery of the substantial T1 and T2 tissue differences discovered by Damadian, which have become the foundation of all NMR imaging.”— John Throck Watson, Ph. D., Professor of Biochemistry and Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan "We are perplexed, disappointed and angry about the incomprehensible exclusion of Professor Raymond Damadian, M.D., from this year's Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. MRI's entire development rests on the shoulders of Damadian's discovery of NMR proton relaxation differences among normal and diseased tissues and his proposal of external scanning of NMR relaxation differences in the human body, published in Science in 1971” -— Eugene Feigelson, Senior Vice President for Biomedical Education and Research, Dean of the College of Medicine, Distinguished Service Professor, SUNY Downstate Medical Center "Egg on the Nobel for Medicine's face."— V.
    [Show full text]
  • Nasty Priority Disputes the Problem Is That the Scientific Reward System Often Does Not Get It Right
    BOOK REVIEW Nasty priority disputes The problem is that the scientific reward system often does not get it right. Meyers recounts many other stories in brief to illustrate the Prize Fight: The Race and the weaknesses of peer review, the inadequacies of processes by which Rivalry to be the First in Science prize winners are selected and the inaccuracies of merit systems that link scientific work to tenure, promotion, grants and prestige. In fact, Morton A. Meyers Meyers’s tales suggest that the reward system itself may be largely at Palgrave Macmillan, 2012 fault. The scientists portrayed here showed no signs early in their 262 pp., hardcover, $27.00 careers of being motivated by glory, fame and wealth. To the contrary, they were wildly excited about their discoveries and showed little inter- ISBN: 9780230338906 est in external rewards. It is only when their work began to show signs Reviewed by Melissa S Anderson of propelling them toward commercial success or consideration for major awards that the researchers’ motives became more complicated. Lead scientists then took steps to secure their own priority status at the expense of others. They began interpreting the events that led to their scientific breakthroughs in ways that emphasized their own roles Scientists are only human and research is messy. That is the central and minimized their collaborators’ contributions, making it difficult message of Morton A. Meyers’s Prize Fight: The Race and the Rivalry to to reconstruct the actual role each person had. For the most part, the be the First in Science, a lively account of scientists’ striving for recogni- stories in Meyers’s book have played out in the spotlight of celebrity, tion and credit for their discoveries.
    [Show full text]
  • 2021 New Leaf Publishing Group Catalog
    TABLE OF CONTENTS NEW RELEASES Master Books ........................................... 3 BACKLIST Master Books Curriculum .................... 26 Master Books ........................................... 39 New Leaf Press ...................................... 54 Attic Books ............................................. 59 Answers in Genesis .................................. 6 1 Available At Call: 1-800-444-4484 Email: [email protected] Online: www.AnchorDistributors.com Now Available! Online Ordering for Businesses • Create an Account • Purchase at Resale Discounts • PC, Tablet, & Mobile Friendly • Exclusive Offers & Specials • 24/7 Easy Access to Entire Product Line • Search by Imprint, Price, Topic, Author, and More • Copy and Paste Product Information & Images Get started at www.nlpg.com/reseller Be Equipped To Give Answers To Today’s Toughest questions 7x9, Paper, 96 pages 978-1-68344-202-8 $12.99 RELIGION/ Christian Theology/ Apologetics RELIGION/ Religion & Science Available: Now Book Information Selling Points Author Platform The collapse of the Christian Quick Answers to Social Issues worldview in America and provides answers for some of the the West is happening, to the toughest questions of the day utter shock of Christians. Why? regarding: They’ve been blind to the enemy’s stealth attack on biblical Marriage and sexuality from For 13 years BRYAN OSBORNE history and authority, which God’s Word taught Bible history in a public has led multiple generations to school, and for nearly 20 years abandon God’s Word as their Response to the LGBTQ+ he has been teaching Christians foundation. When our culture community to defend their faith. Bryan’s asks the questions dealt with love of the gospel and passion in this book — and our kids Animal rights and the green for revealing the truth of God’s parrot these questions and ideas movement Word is contagious.
    [Show full text]
  • 2019 Fall Catalog.Indd
    TABLE OF CONTENTS NEW RELEASES Master Books ........................................... 3 TOP TEN .................................................. 7 BACKLIST Master Books Curriculum .................... 9 Master Books ........................................... 19 New Leaf Press ...................................... 34 Attic Books ............................................. 41 Answers in Genesis ............................. 42 Available At Call: 1-800-444-4484 Email: [email protected] Online: www.AnchorDistributors.com Now Available! Online Ordering for Businesses • Create an Account • Purchase at Resale Discounts • PC, Tablet, & Mobile Friendly • Exclusive Offers & Specials • 24/7 Easy Access to Entire Product Line • Search by Imprint, Price, Topic, Author, and More • Copy and Paste Product Information & Images Get started at www.nlpg.com/reseller God’s truth bridges a painful man-made divide! 6 x 9, Paper, 196 pages 978-1-68344-203-2 $13.99 RELIGION/ Religion & Science RELIGION/ Christian Theology / Apologetics Available: Now Book Information Selling Points Author Platform This revised and updated book Upends misleading and faulty KEN HAM is the president/ reveals the origins of the horrors paradigms of “race” with God’s CEO and founder of of discrimination and the biblical enduring truth Answers in Genesis - U.S., truth of “interracial” marriage, the acclaimed Creation as well as the proof revealed in Presents a positive 15-step plan Museum, and the popular the Bible that God created only for Christians to address the Ark Encounter with over one one race. Explore the science of issues million visitors annually. As one of genetics, melanin and skin tone, the most in-demand speakers in affected by the history of the Includes thought-provoking North America, he has authored Tower of Babel and the origin of questions for personal and dozens of apologetic resources people groups around the world.
    [Show full text]
  • Minnesota Academic Standards Science
    Working Draft: September 4, 2003 Minnesota Academic Standards Science You are accessing word files of the drafts that include public comments. All public comments will appear in red, following the notation, public comment: Specific comments to a particular standard will be added directly under that standard. General comments to a grade level or strand area will be added just under the first grade level strand area reference. Comments of a general nature, (for example, comments on the process or the timeline) will be added at the very end of the draft documents and will not be grouped by type or category. MDE staff are working diligently to add your comments to the annotated versions and intend to update these files every week. Please note, due to time and staff limits, public comments will be copied and pasted directly from the survey. Spelling, grammatical and/or other errors will appear as submitted. Public comments on the Science or Social Studies Standards First Drafts are being collected online from the Minnesota Department of Education (MDE) Web site, www.education.state.mn.us or can be faxed, 651-582-8728 or mailed, 1500 Highway 36 West, Roseville, MN 55113, attn: N. Prouty. The public is also encouraged to attend one of the public hearings throughout our state and submit their comments directly. Grade Strand Sub-Strand Standard Benchmarks Level KINDER I. HISTORY AND B. Scientific The student will raise questions Students will observe and describe common objects using simple tools. GARTEN NATURE OF Inquiry about the world around them, make Students will follow appropriate safety rules concerning the use of goggles, SCIENCE careful observations, and seek heat sources, electricity, glass, and chemicals and biological materials.
    [Show full text]
  • The Impact of NMR and MRI
    WELLCOME WITNESSES TO TWENTIETH CENTURY MEDICINE _____________________________________________________________________________ MAKING THE HUMAN BODY TRANSPARENT: THE IMPACT OF NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE AND MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING _________________________________________________ RESEARCH IN GENERAL PRACTICE __________________________________ DRUGS IN PSYCHIATRIC PRACTICE ______________________ THE MRC COMMON COLD UNIT ____________________________________ WITNESS SEMINAR TRANSCRIPTS EDITED BY: E M TANSEY D A CHRISTIE L A REYNOLDS Volume Two – September 1998 ©The Trustee of the Wellcome Trust, London, 1998 First published by the Wellcome Trust, 1998 Occasional Publication no. 6, 1998 The Wellcome Trust is a registered charity, no. 210183. ISBN 978 186983 539 1 All volumes are freely available online at www.history.qmul.ac.uk/research/modbiomed/wellcome_witnesses/ Please cite as : Tansey E M, Christie D A, Reynolds L A. (eds) (1998) Wellcome Witnesses to Twentieth Century Medicine, vol. 2. London: Wellcome Trust. Key Front cover photographs, L to R from the top: Professor Sir Godfrey Hounsfield, speaking (NMR) Professor Robert Steiner, Professor Sir Martin Wood, Professor Sir Rex Richards (NMR) Dr Alan Broadhurst, Dr David Healy (Psy) Dr James Lovelock, Mrs Betty Porterfield (CCU) Professor Alec Jenner (Psy) Professor David Hannay (GPs) Dr Donna Chaproniere (CCU) Professor Merton Sandler (Psy) Professor George Radda (NMR) Mr Keith (Tom) Thompson (CCU) Back cover photographs, L to R, from the top: Professor Hannah Steinberg, Professor
    [Show full text]
  • Functional Neuroimaging Information: a Case for Neuro Exceptionalism
    Florida State University Law Review Volume 34 Issue 2 Article 6 2007 Functional Neuroimaging Information: A Case For Neuro Exceptionalism Stacey A. Torvino [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://ir.law.fsu.edu/lr Part of the Law Commons Recommended Citation Stacey A. Torvino, Functional Neuroimaging Information: A Case For Neuro Exceptionalism, 34 Fla. St. U. L. Rev. (2007) . https://ir.law.fsu.edu/lr/vol34/iss2/6 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by Scholarship Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Florida State University Law Review by an authorized editor of Scholarship Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY LAW REVIEW FUNCTIONAL NEUROIMAGING INFORMATION: A CASE FOR NEURO EXCEPTIONALISM Stacey A. Torvino VOLUME 34 WINTER 2007 NUMBER 2 Recommended citation: Stacey A. Torvino, Functional Neuroimaging Information: A Case for Neuro Exceptionalism, 34 FLA. ST. U. L. REV. 415 (2007). FUNCTIONAL NEUROIMAGING INFORMATION: A CASE FOR NEURO EXCEPTIONALISM? STACEY A. TOVINO, J.D., PH.D.* I. INTRODUCTION............................................................................................ 415 II. FMRI: A BRIEF HISTORY ............................................................................. 419 III. FMRI APPLICATIONS ................................................................................... 423 A. Clinical Applications............................................................................ 423 B. Understanding Racial Evaluation......................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Book Guide.Xlsx
    Quiz NumberLanguage Title Author 5976 EN 1984 Orwell, George 5976 EN 1984 Orwell, George 5976 EN 1984 Orwell, George 118288 EN 11-Sep-01 Schier, Helga 124054 EN 10 Greatest Threats to Earth, The Reaume, Christopher J. 134959 EN 10 Inventors Who Changed the World Gifford, Clive 133278 EN 10 Leaders Who Changed the World Gifford, Clive 104417 EN 101 Questions About Sex and Sexuality: With AnswersBrynie, for the Faith Curious, Hickman Cautious, and Confused 28974 EN 101 Questions Your Brain Has Asked... Brynie, Faith 105551 EN 13 1/2 Lives of Captain Bluebear, The Moers, Walter 26051 EN 14th Dalai Lama: Spiritual Leader of Tibet, The Stewart, Whitney 100663 EN 1900-1919 Tames, Richard 56505 EN 1900-20: New Horizons Hayes, Malcolm 40855 EN 1900-20: The Birth of Modernism Gaff, Jackie 109883 EN 1900s from Teddy Roosevelt to Flying Machines (RevisedFeinstein, Edition), Stephen The 109884 EN 1910s from World War I to Ragtime Music (Revised Edition),Feinstein, The Stephen 87106 EN 1918 Influenza Pandemic, The Peters, Stephanie True 44513 EN 1920-40: Realism and Surrealism Gaff, Jackie 107762 EN 1920s from Prohibition to Charles Lindbergh (RevisedFeinstein, Edition), StephenThe 121177 EN 1929 Stock Market Crash, The Gitlin, Martin 107763 EN 1930s from the Great Depression to the Wizard of OzFeinstein, (Revised StephenEd), The 100665 EN 1930s, The Tames, Richard 106752 EN 1940s from World War II to Jackie Robinson (RevisedFeinstein, Edition), TheStephen 36116 EN 1940s from World War II to Jackie Robinson, The Feinstein, Stephen 106753 EN 1950s from
    [Show full text]
  • Hungry Hearts Middle East
    INSTITUTE FOR CREATION RESEARCH www.icr.org MAY 2015 ACTSVOL. 44 NO. 5 FACTS Hungry Hearts& in the Middle East page 5 Snake Venom, Genetic Entropy, and Adam’s Curse page 14 Do Stars Still Form Today? page 15 Raymond Damadian, Inventor of Magnetic Resonance Imaging page 18 A Secret Weapon for Apologetics page 20 NOW IN ITS 2ND EDITION! Español This new edition of Unlocking the Mysteries of Genesis contains English closed captions and subtitles in English, Spanish, Chinese, and Korean! Groundbreaking 12-DVD series at this special price! $99.00 DUTMG01 Plus shipping and handling. Includes one viewer guide—additional viewer guides sold separately. Unlocking the Mysteries of Genesis supports a biblical worldview with scientific evidence and offers defensible answers to the most controversial questions of faith and science. Unlocking the Mysteries of Packed with cutting-edge research and dynamic Genesis Student Guide visuals, each 22-minute episode takes viewers on Get the companion Student Guide a journey through the most fascinating topics in for only $14.99! creation science, ranging from the origins of life BUTMGSG to evolution to the age of the universe and Noah’s Buy two for $22.00! Flood. (regular price $29.98) SBUTMGSG This is a fantastic resource to use with small Filled with dozens of educational groups, Bible studies, or as a church-wide series. activities and cool facts about cre- Get equipped with powerful answers to defend ation, our new Student Guide equips your faith! viewers with even more knowledge about every episode of Unlocking the Mysteries of Genesis. Designed to provide exactly what you need to make creation science Please add shipping and handling to all orders.
    [Show full text]
  • MRI (1.5 and 3 Tesla) Sequence Optimization for Use in Orthopaedics
    Instituto Politécnico de Coimbra Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde Coimbra MRI (1.5 and 3 Tesla) sequence optimization for use in Orthopaedics Cláudio Pereira Mestrado em Ciências Nucleares Aplicadas na Saúde 2016 Instituto Politécnico de Coimbra Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde Coimbra Mestrado em Ciências Nucleares Aplicadas na Saúde Dissertação MRI (1.5 and 3 Tesla) sequence optimization for use in Orthopaedics Cláudio Pereira Orientador: Professor Doutor Francisco Alves Coimbra, Dezembro, 2016 Information about the Author: Cláudio Leonel Duarte Pereira Bachelor of Radiography at Aveiro University, Portugal Master´s Student in Nuclear Sciences Applied in Health at College of Health Technologies of Coimbra, Portugal Senior MRI Radiographer at Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, Oxford University Hospital NHS Trust, UK Contact: 1. [email protected] 2. [email protected] 3. +44 (0)7925366332 Author’s note: Dedicated to whoever reads more than 50% of this work. I would happily read 5 pages of this work for every page that I didn’t had to write. Master in Nuclear Sciences Applied in Health December 2016 Associated Published Scientific Works Published Presentations & Posters related to the following dissertation 1. Pereira C, Partington K. “Reducing metal artefacts in MRI: a retrospective analysis of improved diagnostic quality and reporting confidence without the use of specialized commercial pulses/techniques”. Ed: ECR of. In. Vienna, Austria: European Society of Radiology; 2016. 2. Pereira C, Partington K. “Fast scans and better images at Zero cost in Clinical MRI”. Ed: ESMRMB Congress. In. Edinburgh, Scotland: European Society of Magnetic Resonance in Medicine and Biology; 2015. Cláudio Leonel Duarte Pereira iii Master in Nuclear Sciences Applied in Health December 2016 Index Index PUBLISHED PRESENTATIONS & POSTERS RELATED TO THE FOLLOWING DISSERTATION .........................................
    [Show full text]
  • Master Books Curriculum Overview Faith-Building
    table of contents 5 CURRICULUM OVERVIEW Faith Building, Trusted, Effective, Engaging, Practical, and Flexible 6 Coverabout image the providedcover by Jeana @welcometoourcabin SCOPE + SEQUENCE on Instagram. Jeana is a valued member of our Find curriculum sets for each subject and grade level Moms of Master Books Facebook group: MasterBooks.com/moms 10 BASIC 4 SUBJECT SETS An easy way to get started 12 EARLY LEARNING The Journey Begins 13 MATHEMATICS 17 LANGUAGE ARTS 23 HISTORY 29 SCIENCE 43 ELECTIVES 50 ADDITIONAL RESOURCES For Everyone 63 MY WISH LIST Making a list... *Prices & availability subject to change *Free shipping on orders over $75 applies to contiguous US addresses only ordering & information Master Books 100% Faith Grower Guarantee MasterBooks.com For over 40 years, the mission of Master Books, an imprint of New Leaf Publishing Group, has been, “Ink on Paper to Impact Eternity.” 800-999-3777 [email protected] Our desire is to publish books and resources that will grow an individual’s faith in their Creator and His Word in a way that will have a lasting and eternal impact. We know that when we place a Master Books title into someone’s hands, their faith in God and His Word is going to grow. It’s been proven, time and time again. MASTERB In fact, we are so certain of it that we are offering a 100% Faith Grower Guarantee, or your money back. Cover image provided by Jeana @welcometoourcabin on Instagram. Jeana is a valued member of our Moms of Master Books Facebook group: MasterBooks.com/moms announcing THE APP Join the Master Books Community #MASTERBOOKSINACTION Let’s Get Be sureSocial to tag your posts so we can see you too! PHOTOORDERS PROVIDED OVER $75 BY 4THEARTOFUNSCRIPTED.COMFREE SHIPPING* master books curriculum overview faith-building We ensure that a biblical worldview is integral to all of our curriculum.
    [Show full text]