DOCSLIB.ORG

MRI (1.5 and 3 Tesla) Sequence Optimization for Use in Orthopaedics

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
MRI (1.5 and 3 Tesla) Sequence Optimization for Use in Orthopaedics Instituto Politécnico de Coimbra Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde Coimbra MRI (1.5 and 3 Tesla) sequence optimization for use in Orthopaedics Cláudio Pereira Mestrado em Ciências Nucleares Aplicadas na Saúde 2016 Instituto Politécnico de Coimbra Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde Coimbra Mestrado em Ciências Nucleares Aplicadas na Saúde Dissertação MRI (1.5 and 3 Tesla) sequence optimization for use in Orthopaedics Cláudio Pereira Orientador: Professor Doutor Francisco Alves Coimbra, Dezembro, 2016 Information about the Author: Cláudio Leonel Duarte Pereira Bachelor of Radiography at Aveiro University, Portugal Master´s Student in Nuclear Sciences Applied in Health at College of Health Technologies of Coimbra, Portugal Senior MRI Radiographer at Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, Oxford University Hospital NHS Trust, UK Contact: 1. [email protected] 2. [email protected] 3. +44 (0)7925366332 Author’s note: Dedicated to whoever reads more than 50% of this work. I would happily read 5 pages of this work for every page that I didn’t had to write. Master in Nuclear Sciences Applied in Health December 2016 Associated Published Scientific Works Published Presentations & Posters related to the following dissertation 1. Pereira C, Partington K. “Reducing metal artefacts in MRI: a retrospective analysis of improved diagnostic quality and reporting confidence without the use of specialized commercial pulses/techniques”. Ed: ECR of. In. Vienna, Austria: European Society of Radiology; 2016. 2. Pereira C, Partington K. “Fast scans and better images at Zero cost in Clinical MRI”. Ed: ESMRMB Congress. In. Edinburgh, Scotland: European Society of Magnetic Resonance in Medicine and Biology; 2015. Cláudio Leonel Duarte Pereira iii Master in Nuclear Sciences Applied in Health December 2016 Index Index PUBLISHED PRESENTATIONS & POSTERS RELATED TO THE FOLLOWING DISSERTATION .......................................... III SCIENTIFIC ABSTRACT ......................................................................................................................... VIII RESUMO (PORTUGUESE VERSION OF SCIENTIFIC ABSTRACT) .......................................................................... IX ABBREVIATIONS ................................................................................................................................... X SECTION 1: EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND ................................................................... 1 DISSERTATION SYNOPSIS ........................................................................................................................ 1 SINOPSE DE DISSERTAÇÃO (PORTUGUESE VERSION OF THE SYNOPSIS) ............................................................... 3 INTRODUCTORY NOTE ............................................................................................................................ 4 1 OBJECTIVES ............................................................................................................................ 5 2 DISSERTATION ADVISORS........................................................................................................... 5 3 LOCATION .............................................................................................................................. 5 4 AUTHORIZATIONS .................................................................................................................... 5 SECTION 2: CONTEXTUALIZATION .................................................................................. 6 5 CONTEXTUALIZATION OF MRI IN TODAY’S CLINICAL SETTING ............................................................. 6 5.1 The interest and advantages of sequence optimization ...................................................................... 6 6 MRI’S PHYSICAL PRINCIPLES ...................................................................................................... 7 6.1 Nucleons, Spin and Stable Energy States ............................................................................................. 7 6.2 Resonance Principles and Precession Frequency ................................................................................. 8 6.3 Relaxation: Recover, Decay and Dephasing ........................................................................................ 9 6.4 Why Hydrogen-based MRI ................................................................................................................. 11 6.5 Technical and Technological Principles.............................................................................................. 12 6.5.1 RF pulses .................................................................................................................................. 12 6.5.2 Signal acquisition, Gradients and image encoding ................................................................... 13 6.5.3 Why use Echoes instead of FID? .............................................................................................. 14 6.5.4 MRI coils. .................................................................................................................................. 15 6.5.5 Sampling signal and the Nyquist Theorem ............................................................................... 17 7 BASIC IMAGE WEIGHTS: T1, T2, PD AND T2* ............................................................................. 17 8 MRI SEQUENCES ................................................................................................................... 20 8.1 Types of sequences used in orthopaedic MRI. ................................................................................... 21 8.2 Spin Echo (SE) .................................................................................................................................... 22 8.2.1 Multi-echo Spin Echo ............................................................................................................... 23 8.2.2 Inversion Recovery (IR) ............................................................................................................ 24 8.2.3 RARE ......................................................................................................................................... 25 8.3 Gradient Echo (GE) ............................................................................................................................ 29 8.3.1 Multi-Echo Gradient Echo ........................................................................................................ 30 8.3.2 Spoiled Gradient Echo .............................................................................................................. 30 8.3.3 Steady State GE ........................................................................................................................ 31 8.3.4 Ultrafast Gradient Echo/Turbo Field Echo (TFE) ...................................................................... 32 Cláudio Leonel Duarte Pereira iv Master in Nuclear Sciences Applied in Health December 2016 Index 8.4 Hybrid Sequences .............................................................................................................................. 33 8.4.1 SE- EPI ...................................................................................................................................... 33 8.4.2 GRASE ....................................................................................................................................... 34 9 MRI PARAMETERS; ................................................................................................................ 35 9.1 Basic parameters; .............................................................................................................................. 35 9.1.1 Image Weight, TR, TE and Flip Angle ........................................................................................ 35 9.1.2 Phase encoding direction ......................................................................................................... 42 9.1.3 Slice Thickness and Slice Gap ................................................................................................... 43 9.1.4 Resolution: Field of View, Matrices and Pixels ......................................................................... 44 9.1.5 Oversampling/Fold-over suppression ...................................................................................... 46 9.1.6 Averages/NEX........................................................................................................................... 48 9.1.7 Saturation Bands ...................................................................................................................... 48 9.2 Advanced MRI parameters ................................................................................................................ 49 9.2.1 Turbo Factor ............................................................................................................................. 49 9.2.2 Echo Train ................................................................................................................................ 50 9.2.3 Echo Spacing ............................................................................................................................ 51 9.2.4 Concatenations/Packages ........................................................................................................ 51 9.2.5 Driven Equilibrium (DRIVE/RESTORE) .....................................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • No Ears to Hear, but Eyes to See?
    Jehoiada Nesnaj NO EARS TO HEAR, BUT EYES TO SEE? 1 No ears to hear, but eyes to see? Special thanks to the parties mentioned below, that have copyrights on the presented images, for their co-operation and contribution, making them available for publication. Their individual names can show up at the bottom of every Google Earth image presented ; © DigitalGlobe, permission granted by email Thu, 1 May 2008, by Amy Opperman, Corporate Image Manager, DigitalGlobe, Longmont Colorado, USA © Europa Technologies, permission granted by email Wed, 20 Aug 2008, by Jayne Parker, Marcomms Manager, Europa Technologies Ltd., UK © Terrametrics, permission granted by email Wed, 7 May 2008, by Julie Baxes, Customer Support, TerraMetrics Inc., Littleton, CO, USA © Tracks4Africa, permission granted by email Wed, 7 May 2008, by Johann Groenewald, Tracks4Africa, Stellenbosch, Rep. of South Africa © Furthermore all copyrighted images in this book as well as cover- image are presented under granted permissions by all individual copyright claiming parties and the Google Earth Pro license key JCPMT45K7L65GHZ therefore free of any other copyright claims. Also special thanks to graphic-illustrator Gary McIntyre at [email protected] for that final touch of cover- and interior-design and the processing into printing formats required for publication. Copyright ©2008 Jehoiada Nesnaj All rights reserved ISBN 143822737X EAN-13 9781438227375 Visit www.noearstohear.com to order additional copies. 2 Jehoiada Nesnaj Jehoiada Nesnaj No ears to hear, but eyes to see? The greatest archaeological discovery ever on Google Earth 7x7 miles wide! Belgium, September 2008 3 No ears to hear, but eyes to see? 4 Jehoiada Nesnaj Table of Contents page 9 Chapter 1.
    [Show full text]
  • The Shameful Wrong That Must Be Righted
    This Year’s Nobel Prize in Medicine The Shameful Wrong That Must Be Righted This year the committee that awards The Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine did the one thing it has no right to do: it ignored the truth. Eminent scientists, leading medical textbooks and the historical facts are in disagreement with the decision of the committee. So is the U. S. Patent Office. Even Alfred Nobel’s will is in disagreement. The com- mittee is attempting to rewrite history. The Nobel Prize Committee to Physiology or Medicine chose to award the prize, not to the medical doctor/research scientist who made the breakthrough discovery on which all MRI technology is based, but to two scientists who later made technological improvements based on his discovery. WHAT EMINENT SCIENTISTS AND AUTHORS SAY “I was stunned to learn that the Nobel Committee has apparently become so political that it is willing to overlook documented evidence (1971) for the first discovery of the substantial T1 and T2 tissue differences discovered by Damadian, which have become the foundation of all NMR imaging.”— John Throck Watson, Ph. D., Professor of Biochemistry and Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan "We are perplexed, disappointed and angry about the incomprehensible exclusion of Professor Raymond Damadian, M.D., from this year's Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. MRI's entire development rests on the shoulders of Damadian's discovery of NMR proton relaxation differences among normal and diseased tissues and his proposal of external scanning of NMR relaxation differences in the human body, published in Science in 1971” -— Eugene Feigelson, Senior Vice President for Biomedical Education and Research, Dean of the College of Medicine, Distinguished Service Professor, SUNY Downstate Medical Center "Egg on the Nobel for Medicine's face."— V.
    [Show full text]
  • Nasty Priority Disputes the Problem Is That the Scientific Reward System Often Does Not Get It Right
    BOOK REVIEW Nasty priority disputes The problem is that the scientific reward system often does not get it right. Meyers recounts many other stories in brief to illustrate the Prize Fight: The Race and the weaknesses of peer review, the inadequacies of processes by which Rivalry to be the First in Science prize winners are selected and the inaccuracies of merit systems that link scientific work to tenure, promotion, grants and prestige. In fact, Morton A. Meyers Meyers’s tales suggest that the reward system itself may be largely at Palgrave Macmillan, 2012 fault. The scientists portrayed here showed no signs early in their 262 pp., hardcover, $27.00 careers of being motivated by glory, fame and wealth. To the contrary, they were wildly excited about their discoveries and showed little inter- ISBN: 9780230338906 est in external rewards. It is only when their work began to show signs Reviewed by Melissa S Anderson of propelling them toward commercial success or consideration for major awards that the researchers’ motives became more complicated. Lead scientists then took steps to secure their own priority status at the expense of others. They began interpreting the events that led to their scientific breakthroughs in ways that emphasized their own roles Scientists are only human and research is messy. That is the central and minimized their collaborators’ contributions, making it difficult message of Morton A. Meyers’s Prize Fight: The Race and the Rivalry to to reconstruct the actual role each person had. For the most part, the be the First in Science, a lively account of scientists’ striving for recogni- stories in Meyers’s book have played out in the spotlight of celebrity, tion and credit for their discoveries.
    [Show full text]
  • 2021 New Leaf Publishing Group Catalog
    TABLE OF CONTENTS NEW RELEASES Master Books ........................................... 3 BACKLIST Master Books Curriculum .................... 26 Master Books ........................................... 39 New Leaf Press ...................................... 54 Attic Books ............................................. 59 Answers in Genesis .................................. 6 1 Available At Call: 1-800-444-4484 Email: [email protected] Online: www.AnchorDistributors.com Now Available! Online Ordering for Businesses • Create an Account • Purchase at Resale Discounts • PC, Tablet, & Mobile Friendly • Exclusive Offers & Specials • 24/7 Easy Access to Entire Product Line • Search by Imprint, Price, Topic, Author, and More • Copy and Paste Product Information & Images Get started at www.nlpg.com/reseller Be Equipped To Give Answers To Today’s Toughest questions 7x9, Paper, 96 pages 978-1-68344-202-8 $12.99 RELIGION/ Christian Theology/ Apologetics RELIGION/ Religion & Science Available: Now Book Information Selling Points Author Platform The collapse of the Christian Quick Answers to Social Issues worldview in America and provides answers for some of the the West is happening, to the toughest questions of the day utter shock of Christians. Why? regarding: They’ve been blind to the enemy’s stealth attack on biblical Marriage and sexuality from For 13 years BRYAN OSBORNE history and authority, which God’s Word taught Bible history in a public has led multiple generations to school, and for nearly 20 years abandon God’s Word as their Response to the LGBTQ+ he has been teaching Christians foundation. When our culture community to defend their faith. Bryan’s asks the questions dealt with love of the gospel and passion in this book — and our kids Animal rights and the green for revealing the truth of God’s parrot these questions and ideas movement Word is contagious.
    [Show full text]
  • Evaluation of Aqueductal Stenosis by 3D
    Published December 15, 2011 as 10.3174/ajnr.A2833 Evaluation of Aqueductal Stenosis by 3D Sampling Perfection with Application-Optimized Contrasts Using Different Flip Angle Evolutions Sequence: Preliminary Results with 3T MR ORIGINAL RESEARCH Imaging O. Algin BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Diagnosis of AS and periaqueductal abnormalities by routine MR imag- B. Turkbey ing sequences is challenging for neuroradiologists. The aim of our study was to evaluate the utility of the 3D-SPACE sequence with VFAM in patients with suspected AS. MATERIALS AND METHODS: PC-MRI and 3D-SPACE images were obtained in 21 patients who had hydrocephalus on routine MR imaging scans and had clinical suspicion of AS, as well as in 12 control subjects. Aqueductal patency was visually scored (grade 0, normal; grade 1, partial obstruction; grade 2, complete stenosis) by 2 experienced radiologists on PC-MRI (plus routine T1-weighted and T2- weighted images) and 3D-SPACE images. Two separate scores were statistically compared with each other as well as with the consensus scores obtained from general agreement of both radiologists. RESULTS: There was an excellent correlation between 3D-SPACE and PC-MRI scores (␬ ϭ 0.828). The correlation between 3D-SPACE scorings and consensus-based scorings was higher compared with the correlation between PC-MRI and consensus-based scorings (r ϭ 1, P Ͻ .001 and r ϭ 0.966, P Ͻ .001, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: 3D-SPACE sequence with VFAM alone can be used for adequate and successful evaluation of the aqueductal patency without the need for additional sequences and examinations. Noninvasive evaluation of the whole cranium is possible in a short time with high resolution by using 3D-SPACE.
    [Show full text]
  • 2019 Fall Catalog.Indd
    TABLE OF CONTENTS NEW RELEASES Master Books ........................................... 3 TOP TEN .................................................. 7 BACKLIST Master Books Curriculum .................... 9 Master Books ........................................... 19 New Leaf Press ...................................... 34 Attic Books ............................................. 41 Answers in Genesis ............................. 42 Available At Call: 1-800-444-4484 Email: [email protected] Online: www.AnchorDistributors.com Now Available! Online Ordering for Businesses • Create an Account • Purchase at Resale Discounts • PC, Tablet, & Mobile Friendly • Exclusive Offers & Specials • 24/7 Easy Access to Entire Product Line • Search by Imprint, Price, Topic, Author, and More • Copy and Paste Product Information & Images Get started at www.nlpg.com/reseller God’s truth bridges a painful man-made divide! 6 x 9, Paper, 196 pages 978-1-68344-203-2 $13.99 RELIGION/ Religion & Science RELIGION/ Christian Theology / Apologetics Available: Now Book Information Selling Points Author Platform This revised and updated book Upends misleading and faulty KEN HAM is the president/ reveals the origins of the horrors paradigms of “race” with God’s CEO and founder of of discrimination and the biblical enduring truth Answers in Genesis - U.S., truth of “interracial” marriage, the acclaimed Creation as well as the proof revealed in Presents a positive 15-step plan Museum, and the popular the Bible that God created only for Christians to address the Ark Encounter with over one one race. Explore the science of issues million visitors annually. As one of genetics, melanin and skin tone, the most in-demand speakers in affected by the history of the Includes thought-provoking North America, he has authored Tower of Babel and the origin of questions for personal and dozens of apologetic resources people groups around the world.
    [Show full text]
  • Unprecedented Echo Times for Diffusion MRI Using Connectom Gradients, Spiral Readouts and Field Monitoring
    MAGNETOM Flash (74) 3/2019 Neurology · Clinical Unprecedented Echo Times for Diffusion MRI Using Connectom Gradients, Spiral Readouts and Field Monitoring Lars Mueller; Chantal MW Tax; Derek K Jones Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), Cardiff, UK The challenge of diffusion MRI Summary The introduction of diffusion-weighted imaging [3] • Using a unique combination of the ultra-strong into the armoury of quantitative MRI techniques, has (300 mT/m) magnetic field gradients provided revolutionised our understanding of tissue properties on the MAGNETOM Connectom1 scanner, a in vivo across a wide range of organs. Characterizing the diffusion-weighted MRI sequence with spiral anisotropic diffusion of water in tissue, allows properties EPI read-out, and a field camera to monitor and such as density, shape, size, and orientation of different correct for deviations from prescribed k-space tissue compartments to be inferred [e.g., 1, 2, 6, 9]. trajectories, we present high quality images with unprecedented short echo times for diffusion A successful diffusion MRI sequence has two key MRI in the living human brain components: • For b = 1000 s/mm2, the echo time is 21.7 ms 1. The application of sufficient diffusion-weighting • These short echo times confer two advantages: (through the application of magnetic field gradients • Enhanced signal to noise ratio (SNR) due to for a finite duration) that makes the sequence reduced T2-weighted signal loss (which makes sensitive to microscopic displacements. measurement of tissue with short T2, e.g., 2. A very rapid read-out of the image, to effectively muscle, more robust) ‘freeze’ the physiological motion (macroscopic • Sensitivity to species previously ‘invisible’ in displacements) that would otherwise corrupt the diffusion MRI, e.g., the myelin water, opening diffusion-weighted image.
    [Show full text]
  • Minnesota Academic Standards Science
    Working Draft: September 4, 2003 Minnesota Academic Standards Science You are accessing word files of the drafts that include public comments. All public comments will appear in red, following the notation, public comment: Specific comments to a particular standard will be added directly under that standard. General comments to a grade level or strand area will be added just under the first grade level strand area reference. Comments of a general nature, (for example, comments on the process or the timeline) will be added at the very end of the draft documents and will not be grouped by type or category. MDE staff are working diligently to add your comments to the annotated versions and intend to update these files every week. Please note, due to time and staff limits, public comments will be copied and pasted directly from the survey. Spelling, grammatical and/or other errors will appear as submitted. Public comments on the Science or Social Studies Standards First Drafts are being collected online from the Minnesota Department of Education (MDE) Web site, www.education.state.mn.us or can be faxed, 651-582-8728 or mailed, 1500 Highway 36 West, Roseville, MN 55113, attn: N. Prouty. The public is also encouraged to attend one of the public hearings throughout our state and submit their comments directly. Grade Strand Sub-Strand Standard Benchmarks Level KINDER I. HISTORY AND B. Scientific The student will raise questions Students will observe and describe common objects using simple tools. GARTEN NATURE OF Inquiry about the world around them, make Students will follow appropriate safety rules concerning the use of goggles, SCIENCE careful observations, and seek heat sources, electricity, glass, and chemicals and biological materials.
    [Show full text]
  • The Impact of NMR and MRI
    WELLCOME WITNESSES TO TWENTIETH CENTURY MEDICINE _____________________________________________________________________________ MAKING THE HUMAN BODY TRANSPARENT: THE IMPACT OF NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE AND MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING _________________________________________________ RESEARCH IN GENERAL PRACTICE __________________________________ DRUGS IN PSYCHIATRIC PRACTICE ______________________ THE MRC COMMON COLD UNIT ____________________________________ WITNESS SEMINAR TRANSCRIPTS EDITED BY: E M TANSEY D A CHRISTIE L A REYNOLDS Volume Two – September 1998 ©The Trustee of the Wellcome Trust, London, 1998 First published by the Wellcome Trust, 1998 Occasional Publication no. 6, 1998 The Wellcome Trust is a registered charity, no. 210183. ISBN 978 186983 539 1 All volumes are freely available online at www.history.qmul.ac.uk/research/modbiomed/wellcome_witnesses/ Please cite as : Tansey E M, Christie D A, Reynolds L A. (eds) (1998) Wellcome Witnesses to Twentieth Century Medicine, vol. 2. London: Wellcome Trust. Key Front cover photographs, L to R from the top: Professor Sir Godfrey Hounsfield, speaking (NMR) Professor Robert Steiner, Professor Sir Martin Wood, Professor Sir Rex Richards (NMR) Dr Alan Broadhurst, Dr David Healy (Psy) Dr James Lovelock, Mrs Betty Porterfield (CCU) Professor Alec Jenner (Psy) Professor David Hannay (GPs) Dr Donna Chaproniere (CCU) Professor Merton Sandler (Psy) Professor George Radda (NMR) Mr Keith (Tom) Thompson (CCU) Back cover photographs, L to R, from the top: Professor Hannah Steinberg, Professor
    [Show full text]
  • Functional Neuroimaging Information: a Case for Neuro Exceptionalism
    Florida State University Law Review Volume 34 Issue 2 Article 6 2007 Functional Neuroimaging Information: A Case For Neuro Exceptionalism Stacey A. Torvino [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://ir.law.fsu.edu/lr Part of the Law Commons Recommended Citation Stacey A. Torvino, Functional Neuroimaging Information: A Case For Neuro Exceptionalism, 34 Fla. St. U. L. Rev. (2007) . https://ir.law.fsu.edu/lr/vol34/iss2/6 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by Scholarship Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Florida State University Law Review by an authorized editor of Scholarship Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY LAW REVIEW FUNCTIONAL NEUROIMAGING INFORMATION: A CASE FOR NEURO EXCEPTIONALISM Stacey A. Torvino VOLUME 34 WINTER 2007 NUMBER 2 Recommended citation: Stacey A. Torvino, Functional Neuroimaging Information: A Case for Neuro Exceptionalism, 34 FLA. ST. U. L. REV. 415 (2007). FUNCTIONAL NEUROIMAGING INFORMATION: A CASE FOR NEURO EXCEPTIONALISM? STACEY A. TOVINO, J.D., PH.D.* I. INTRODUCTION............................................................................................ 415 II. FMRI: A BRIEF HISTORY ............................................................................. 419 III. FMRI APPLICATIONS ................................................................................... 423 A. Clinical Applications............................................................................ 423 B. Understanding Racial Evaluation......................................................
    [Show full text]
  • A Simulation Study Investigating Potential Diffusion-Based MRI Signatures of Microstrokes
    bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.08.19.257741; this version posted August 20, 2020. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. A Simulation Study Investigating Potential Diffusion-based MRI Signatures of Microstrokes Rafat Damseh1,2*, Yuankang Lu1,2, Xuecong Lu1,2, Cong Zhang2,3, Paul J. Marchand1,2, Denis Corbin1, Philippe Pouliot1,2, Farida Cheriet4, and Frederic Lesage1,2 1Laboratory of Optical and Molecular Imaging, Ecole´ Polytechnique de Montreal,´ 2900 Edouard Montpetit Blvd, Montreal´ (Quebec),´ Canada, H3T 1J4 2Montreal Heart Institute, 5000 Rue Belanger,´ Montreal´ (Quebec),´ Canada, H1T 1C8 3Universite´ de Montreal, 2900 Edouard Montpetit Blvd, Montreal´ (Quebec),´ Canada, H3T 1J4 4Department of Computer and Software Engineering, Ecole´ Polytechnique de Montreal,´ 2900 Edouard Montpetit Blvd, Montreal´ (Quebec),´ Canada, H3T 1J4 *[email protected] ABSTRACT Recent studies suggested that cerebrovascular micro-occlusions , i.e. microstokes, could lead to ischemic tissue infarctions and cognitive deficits. Due to their small size, identifying measurable biomarkers of these microvascular lesions remains a major challenge. This work aims to simulate potential MRI signatures combining arterial spin labeling (ASL) and multi-directional diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI). Driving our hypothesis are recent observations demonstrating a radial reorientation of microvasculature around the micro-infarction locus during recovery in mice. Synthetic capillary beds, randomly- and radially- oriented, and optical coherence tomography (OCT) angiograms, acquired in the barrel cortex of mice (n=5) before and after inducing targeted photothrombosis, were analyzed.
    [Show full text]
  • MRI-Derived Measurements of Human Subcortical, Ventricular
    NeuroImage 46 (2009) 177–192 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect NeuroImage journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/ynimg MRI-derived measurements of human subcortical, ventricular and intracranial brain volumes: Reliability effects of scan sessions, acquisition sequences, data analyses, scanner upgrade, scanner vendors and field strengths Jorge Jovicich a,⁎, Silvester Czanner b, Xiao Han c, David Salat d,e, Andre van der Kouwe d,e, Brian Quinn d,e, Jenni Pacheco d,e, Marilyn Albert h, Ronald Killiany i, Deborah Blacker g, Paul Maguire j, Diana Rosas d,e,f, Nikos Makris d,e,k, Randy Gollub d,e, Anders Dale l, Bradford C. Dickerson d,f,g,m,1, Bruce Fischl d,e,n,1 a Center for Mind–Brain Sciences, Department of Cognitive and Education Sciences, University of Trento, Italy b Warwick Manufacturing Group, School of Engineering, University of Warwick, UK c CMS, Inc., St. Louis, MO, USA d Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, USA e Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA f Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA g Gerontology Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA h Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, USA i Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, USA j Pfizer Global Research and Development, Groton, CT, USA k Center for Morphometric Analysis, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA l University of California San Diego, CA, USA m Division of Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA n CSAIL/HST, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA article info abstract Article history: Automated MRI-derived measurements of in-vivo human brain volumes provide novel insights into normal Received 19 August 2008 and abnormal neuroanatomy, but little is known about measurement reliability.
    [Show full text]