DOCSLIB.ORG

Monitoring and Diagnosis Systems to Improve Nuclear Power Plant Reliability and Safety. Proceedings of the Specialists` Meeting

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Monitoring and Diagnosis Systems to Improve Nuclear Power Plant Reliability and Safety. Proceedings of the Specialists` Meeting J — v ft INIS-mf—15B1 7 INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY NUCLEAR ELECTRIC Ltd. Monitoring and Diagnosis Systems to Improve Nuclear Power Plant Reliability and Safety PROCEEDINGS OF THE SPECIALISTS’ MEETING JOINTLY ORGANISED BY THE IAEA AND NUCLEAR ELECTRIC Ltd. AND HELD IN GLOUCESTER, UK 14-17 MAY 1996 NUCLEAR ELECTRIC Ltd. 1996 VOL INTRODUCTION The Specialists ’ Meeting on Monitoring and Diagnosis Systems to Improve Nuclear Power Plant Reliability and Safety, held in Gloucester, UK, 14 - 17 May 1996, was organised by the International Atomic Energy Agency in the framework of the International Working Group on Nuclear Power Plant Control and Instrumentation (IWG-NPPCI) and the International Task Force on NPP Diagnostics in co-operation with Nuclear Electric Ltd. The 50 participants, representing 21 Member States (Argentina, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Hungary, Japan, Netherlands, Norway, Russian Federation, Slovak Republic, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, UK and USA), reviewed the current approaches in Member States in the area of monitoring and diagnosis systems. The Meeting attempted to identify advanced techniques in the field of diagnostics of electrical and mechanical components for safety and operation improvements, reviewed actual practices and experiences related to the application of those systems with special emphasis on real occurrences, exchanged current experiences with diagnostics as a means for predictive maintenance. Monitoring of the electrical and mechanical components of systems is directly associated with the performance and safety of nuclear power plants. On-line monitoring and diagnostic systems have been applied to reactor vessel internals, pumps, safety and relief valves and turbine generators. The monitoring techniques include nose analysis, vibration analysis, and loose parts detection. Complicated signal analysis may be involved, e g. conversion into the frequency domain, application of correlation and pattern recognition methods, etc. Comparison to reference or “signature ” information and trending are important tasks. More recently, expert system methods have been introduced in order to improve the performance of such systems. The advantages of performance, therefore, cause computers to be increasingly used to enhance monitoring and diagnostic functions to make the methods applied more user friendly and to achieve the necessary user acceptance. Since the main goal of the diagnosis systems is the early detection of a developing mechanical and electrical deficiency, the importance for maintenance and inspection is obvious. Experience shows that due to findings of the on-line diagnosis systems, the preparation of repair actions can be considerably improved, and maintenance and inspection times can be reduced. Monitoring and diagnosis systems can be considered as a type of operator support systems (OSS) which provide more processed, integrated information than it is available from conventional instrumentation. They guide and advise operators and enable them to make better strategic decisions during both normal and abnormal operation. They also provide a capability for supervisory management during emergency conditions. Several factors have led to increased interest in operator support systems in NPPs like e g.: - Increasing complexity of nuclear power plants and increasing demands for higher productivity and safety, require the operator to be more aware of plant conditions so that correct actions can be taken; - Many of the originally installed plant information systems have come to the end of their lives. The need for replacement of these systems has stimulated a significant upgrading of their functionality for operator support; - From a technology viewpoint, developments in computers, such as in artificial intelligence, neural networks and display technology have identified opportunities for operator support that were not possible in the past. Some types of operator support systems received special emphasis during the meeting. a) Fault detection and diagnosis. This alerts operators to problems and aids diagnosis before the normal alarm limits are reached. This function is also valuable when simple alarm monitoring is impractical or where complex situations cannot be revealed by alarms or alarm logic. Examples are: _ V _ 1 - Fault monitoring of protection logic and associated electrical supplies, fuel pin failure detection and prediction; - Detection and identification of leakage, e g., in the primary circuit; - Model based fault detection for components (e g. pre-heaters) and measurement loops. b) Performance monitoring. This function calculates and monitors the efficiency and optimum operation of main pumps, turbine, generator, condenser steam generators, preheaters, etc. to detect developing anomalies. The reactor thermal energy as well as heat, electricity and mass heat balance can be calculated. c) Maintenance support. Several systems exist for specialists and maintenance staff. For example, vibration monitoring and analysis, loose parts monitoring and materials stress monitoring. Systems for on-line diagnosis were attempted in the early 1980s following initial developments at the Hal den project. The actual use of such systems was limited due to a number of reasons, including: - Complexity; - Inability to assure completeness of accident sequences and the combination of accident sequences; - The large effort needed for maintenance. The availability of fast, low cost computers, as well as new technologies such as expert systems have, however rekindled interest in on-line diagnosis and several such systems have been implemented or are under development. A wide range of monitoring diagnostic systems are under development and trial at many NPPs. Advanced diagnostic systems using expert system technology and modem computer technology have been attempted and are under development. Special attention was paid during the meeting to advanced techniques which can potentially improve the ability of monitoring and diagnosis systems to enhance nuclear power plant reliability and safety, like neural network, for example. In order to facilitate a structured discussion and not to omit important areas of interest, papers on the following subjects were considered to be within the scope of the Specialists ’ Meeting: - Diagnostic and monitoring systems: state of the art, practical experience and new developments; - Impact of diagnostic systems on NPP performance and safety; - Advanced techniques for safety and operational improvements; - Safety and licensing consideration, e g. matching of new systems to safety requirements, extending plant life cycle, applicability of existing safety standards. - 3 — CONTENTS INTRODUCTION Session I CURRENT APPROACHES Chairpersons: Mr. R.E. Uhrig, USA Mr. V. Beckett, UK. Mr. K. Welboume, UK. Enhancing the Functionality of Reactor Protection Systems to Provide Diagnostic and Monitoring Information: The IS AT ™ Approach J.A. Baldwin, C.D. Jones, BJ. Rowe Moderator Behaviour and Reactor Internals Integrity at Atucha 1 NPP S. Berra, M. Chocron, M. Guala, P.Herzovich, A. Lorenzo, Ma. del C. Rqffo Calderon , G. Urrutia Experience with an Expert System Technology for Real-Time Monitoring and Diagnosis Q.B. Chou, J. Mylopoulos, J. Opala Detection of Leaks in Steam Lines by Distributed Fibre-Optic Temperature Sensing (DTS) N.G. Craik Leak Detection System for RBMK Coolant Circuit Ju. M. Cherkashov, B.P. Strelkov, Yu. V. Korolev, A.P. Eperin, E.P. Kozlov, L.A. Belyanin, V.N. Vanukov Fault Detection Using Parameter Transfer Functions 7. Salamun, B. Mavko, A. Stritar Reliability of Operating WER Monitoring System M.A. Yastrebenetsky, VM. Goldrin,A.V. Garagulya Session 2 EXPERIENCES WITH MONITORING AND DIAGNOSIS SYSTEMS Chairpersons: Mr. M. DeVemo, Canada Mr. F. Binns, UK. Condition Monitoring of Rotormachinery in Nuclear Power Plants U. Sudmersen, J. Runkel, A. Vortriede, W. Reimche, D. Stegemann External Vibration Measurement of Reactor Components S.A. Rogers, J. Sugden Prophylactic and Thermovision Measurements of Electric Machines and Equipment R Jedlicka, L. Brestovansky Systems for Noise Diagnosis ofWWER Nuclear Power Plants G. Por TG 220 Mw Hydraulic Control System Diagnostic A. Svabak Diagnostic and Monitoring Systems Produced in VUJE G. Oksa, J. Bahna, V. Murin, P. Kucharek, $. Smutny 3 - Session 3 IMPACT ON NPP PERFORMANCE AND SAFETY Chairpersons: Mr. U. Sudmersen, Germany Mr. D.W. Anderson, UK. Data Fusion and Sensor Management for Nuclear Power Plant Safety 0. Cifticioglu, £. Tiirkcan Canadian CANDU Plant Data Systems for Technical Surveillance and Analysis M. DeVemo, J. de Grosbois, M Bosnich, H. Pothier, C. Xian Process Variables Consistency at Atucha 1 NPP E. Arostegui, Aparicio, P. Herzovich, G. Urrutia, J. Wenzel Session 4 ADVANCED TECHNIQUES Chairpersons: Ms. J. Baldwin, UK. Mr. G.B. Moutiy, UK. Instrument Surveillance and Calibration Verification Through Plant Wide Monitoring Using Autoassotiative Neural Networks DJ. Wrest, J.W. Hines, REUhrig Development of Nuclear Power Plant Monitoring System with Neural Network Using On-line PWR Plant Simulator K. Nabeshima, K. Suzuki, S. Nose, fC Kudo An Object-Oriented-Database-System to Assist Control Room Staff G.H. Schildt New Technologies in Nuclear Power Plant Monitoring and Diagnostics E. Tiirkcan, 0. Ciftcioglu, J.P. Verhoef General Knowledge Structure for Diagnosis T.S. Brendeford Advanced Software Tools for Digital Loose Part Monitoring Systems Y. Ding Session 5 PANEL
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Neural Network Based Microgrid Voltage Control Chun-Ju Huang University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee
    University of Wisconsin Milwaukee UWM Digital Commons Theses and Dissertations May 2013 Neural Network Based Microgrid Voltage Control Chun-Ju Huang University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee Follow this and additional works at: https://dc.uwm.edu/etd Part of the Electrical and Electronics Commons Recommended Citation Huang, Chun-Ju, "Neural Network Based Microgrid Voltage Control" (2013). Theses and Dissertations. 118. https://dc.uwm.edu/etd/118 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by UWM Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of UWM Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. NEURAL NETWORK BASED MICROGRID VOLTAGE CONTROL by Chun-Ju Huang A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science in Engineering at The University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee May 2013 ABSTRACT NEURAL NETWORK BASED MICROGRID VOLTAGE CONTROL by Chun-Ju Huang The University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, 2013 Under the Supervision of Professor David Yu The primary purpose of this study is to improve the voltage profile of Microgrid using the neural network algorithm. Neural networks have been successfully used for character recognition, image compression, and stock market prediction, but there is no directly application related to controlling distributed generations of Microgrid. For this reason the author decided to investigate further applications, with the aim of controlling diesel generator outputs. Firstly, this thesis examines the neural network algorithm that can be utilized for alleviating voltage issues of Microgrid and presents the results. MATLAT and PSCAD are used for training neural network and simulating the Microgrid model respectively.
    [Show full text]
  • Molten Salts As Blanket Fluids in Controlled Fusion Reactors [Disc 6]
    r1 0 R N L-TM-4047 MOLTEN SALTS AS BLANKET FLUIDS IN CONTROLLED FUSION REACTORS W. R. Grimes Stanley Cantor .:, .:, .- t. This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by the United States Government. Neither the United States nor the United States Atomic Energy Commission, nor any of their employees, nor any of their contractors, subcontractors, or their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. om-TM- 4047 Contract No. W-7405-eng-26 REACTOR CHENISTRY DIVISION MOLTEN SALTS AS BLANKET FLUIDS IN CONTROLLED FUSION REACTORS W. R. Grimes and Stanley Cantor DECEMBER 1972 OAK RIDGE NATIONAL LABORATORY Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830 operated by UNION CARBIDE CORPORATION for the 1J.S. ATOMIC ENERGY COMMISSION This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by the United States Government. Neither the United States nor the United States Atomic Energy Commission, nor any of their employees, nor any of their contractors, subcontractors, or their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, com- pleteness or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. i iii CONTENTS Page Abstract ............................. 1 Introduction ........................... 2 Behavior of Li2BeFq in a Eypothetical CTR ............3 Effects of Strong Magnetic Fields .............5 Effects on Chemical Stability .............5 Effects on Fluid Dynamics ...............7 Production of Tritium ..................
    [Show full text]
  • Nuclear Space Power Safety and Facility Guidelines Study
    NUCLEAR SPACE POWER SAFETY AND FACILITY GUIDELINES STUDY (SEPTEMBER 1995) rss Has NUCLEAR SPACE POWER SAFETY AND FACILITY GUIDELINES STUDY (11 September 1995) Prepared for: Department of Energy Office of Procurement Assistance and Program Management HR-522.2 Washington, D.C. 20585 by: William F. Mehlman The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory Johns Hopkins Road Laurel, Maryland 20723-6099 in response to: Department of Energy grant to The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory DE-FG01-94NE32180 dated 27 September 1994 DISCLAIMER This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States Government. Neither the United States Government nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsi- bility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Refer- ence herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recom- mendation, or favoring by the United States Government or any agency thereof. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States Government or any agency thereof. IfH DISTRIBUTION OF THIS DOCUMENT IS UNLIMITED DISCLAIMER Portions of this document may be illegible in electronic image products. Images are produced from the best available original document. TABLE OF CONTENTS 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 PURPOSE ...1 1.2 BACKGROUND 1 1.3 SCOPE 3 2.0 NUCLEAR SPACE SAFETY GUIDELINES AND CONSIDERATIONS .
    [Show full text]
  • Cooling Wide-Bandgap Materials in Power Electronics
    Cooling Wide-Bandgap Materials in Power Electronics By Josh Perry Marketing Communications Specialist Advanced Thermal Solutions, Inc. (ATS) Engineers are always looking for an edge in their designs to extract as much power and performance as possible from a system, while attempting to meet industry trends in miniaturization. In the power electronics industry, this has required an examination of the materials being used to overcome inherent limitations from heat, voltage, or switching speed. Engineers are using wide-bandgap materials to expand the capabilities of power electronics, pushing them beyond the thermal and electrical limits of silicon-based components. (Background image created by Xb100 – Freepik.com) For years, silicon was the answer for the power electronics market, but in the past decade there has been a growing movement towards wide-bandgap materials, particularly silicon carbide (SiC) and gallium nitride (GaN). Wide-bandgap materials have higher breakdown voltage and perform more 1 efficiently at high temperatures than silicon-based components. [1] Recent research indicated, “For commercial applications above 400 volts, SiC stands out as a viable near-term commercial opportunity especially for single-chip current ratings in excess of 20 amps.” [2] This efficiency allows systems to consume less power, charge faster, and convert energy at a higher rate. A recent article from Electronic Design explained that SiC power devices “operate at higher switching speeds and higher temperatures with lower losses than conventional silicon.” SiC has an internal resistance that is 100 times lower than silicon and a breakdown electric field of 2.8 MV/cm, which is far higher than silicon’s 0.3 MV/cm, meaning that SiC components can handle the same level of current in smaller packages.
    [Show full text]
  • Community Energy White Paper April 2014 Contents
    Community Energy White Paper April 2014 Contents Letter from the CEO .............................................................................. 3 Executive Summary ............................................................................. 4 Redefining energy ............................................................................... 5 Today’s challenges .............................................................................. 8 The future of energy .......................................................................... 11 A solution: Decentralisation ............................................................... 14 Why focus on communities? .............................................................. 15 What can we learn from other countries? ........................................ 20 A platform for success ...................................................................... 24 How will it work? ............................................................................... 25 Government support ......................................................................... 26 Appendix: The UK Government’s community energy strategy ....... 27 Bibliography ....................................................................................... 29 2 Letter from the CEO All industries evolve. If they don’t, they die out or are supplanted by something different. Evolution can take many forms - value for money, customer service, product innovation, operational efficiency. But one way or another, change means survival and growth.
    [Show full text]
  • Magnox Electric Plc's Strategy for Decommissioning Its Nuclear
    A review by HM Nuclear Installations Inspectorate Magnox Electric plc’s strategy for decommissioning its nuclear licensed sites A review by HM Nuclear Installations Inspectorate Magnox Electric plc’s strategy for decommissioning its nuclear licensed sites Published by the Health and Safety Executive February 2002 Further copies are available from: Health and Safety Executive Nuclear Safety Directorate Information Centre Room 004 St Peter’s House Balliol Road, Bootle Merseyside L20 3LZ Tel: 0151 951 4103 Fax: 0151 951 4004 E-mail: [email protected] Available on the Internet from: http://www.open.gov.uk/hse/nsd ii FOREWORD This report sets out the findings of a review by the Health and Safety Executive’s Nuclear Installation Inspectorate, in consultation with the environment agencies, of the Magnox Electric plc (Magnox Electric) decommissioning and waste management strategies for its nuclear licensed sites. The review was undertaken in accordance with the 1995 White Paper “Review of Radioactive Waste Management Policy: Final Conclusions”, Cm 2919, which stated that the Government would ask all nuclear operators to draw up strategies for the decommissioning of their redundant plant and that the Health and Safety Executive (HSE) would review these strategies on a quinquennial basis in consultation with the environment agencies. The Magnox Electric strategy upon which this review is based was prepared subsequent to the merger of Magnox Electric with British Nuclear Fuels plc (BNFL) but whilst it still remained a separate nuclear site licensee under the Nuclear Installations Act 1965 (as amended). This report therefore considers Magnox Electric’s decommissioning and waste management strategies as of April 2000 for its nuclear licensed sites at: Berkeley, Bradwell, Dungeness A, Hinkley Point A, Hunterston A, Oldbury, Sizewell A, Trawsfynydd and Wylfa; and at the Berkeley Centre; and for the financial liabilities for waste and decommissioning on other nuclear licensed sites (e.g.
    [Show full text]
  • Endless Trouble: Britain's Thermal Oxide Reprocessing Plant
    Endless Trouble Britain’s Thermal Oxide Reprocessing Plant (THORP) Martin Forwood, Gordon MacKerron and William Walker Research Report No. 19 International Panel on Fissile Materials Endless Trouble: Britain’s Thermal Oxide Reprocessing Plant (THORP) © 2019 International Panel on Fissile Materials This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial License To view a copy of this license, visit ww.creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0 On the cover: the world map shows in highlight the United Kingdom, site of THORP Dedication For Martin Forwood (1940–2019) Distinguished colleague and dear friend Table of Contents About the IPFM 1 Introduction 2 THORP: An Operational History 4 THORP: A Political History 11 THORP: A Chronology 1974 to 2018 21 Endnotes 26 About the authors 29 About the IPFM The International Panel on Fissile Materials (IPFM) was founded in January 2006 and is an independent group of arms control and nonproliferation experts from both nuclear- weapon and non-nuclear-weapon states. The mission of the IPFM is to analyze the technical basis for practical and achievable pol- icy initiatives to secure, consolidate, and reduce stockpiles of highly enriched uranium and plutonium. These fissile materials are the key ingredients in nuclear weapons, and their control is critical to achieving nuclear disarmament, to halting the proliferation of nuclear weapons, and to ensuring that terrorists do not acquire nuclear weapons. Both military and civilian stocks of fissile materials have to be addressed. The nuclear- weapon states still have enough fissile materials in their weapon stockpiles for tens of thousands of nuclear weapons. On the civilian side, enough plutonium has been sepa- rated to make a similarly large number of weapons.
    [Show full text]
  • Standardization of Radioanalytical Methods for Determination of 63Ni and 55Fe in Waste and Environmental Samples
    NKS-356 ISBN 978-87-7893-440-6 Standardization of Radioanalytical Methods for Determination of 63Ni and 55Fe in Waste and Environmental Samples Xiaolin Hou 1) Laura Togneri 2) Mattias Olsson 3) Sofie Englund 4) Olof Gottfridsson 5) Martin Forsström 6) Hannele Hironen 7) 1) Technical university of Denmark, DTU Nutech 2) Loviisa Power Plant, Fortum Power, Finland 3) Forsmarks Kraftgrupp AB, Sweden 4) OKG Aktiebolag, Sweden 5) Ringhals AB, Sweden 6) Studsvik Nuclear AB, Sweden (7) Olkiluoto Nuclear Power Plant, Finland January 2016 Abstract This report presents the progress on the NKS-B STANDMETHOD project which was conduced in 2014-2015, aiming to establish a Nordic standard methods for the determination of 63Ni and 55Fe in nuclear reactor process- ing water samples as well as other waste and environmental samples. Two inter-comparison excercises for determination of 63Ni and 55Fe in waste samples have been organized in 2014 and 2015, an evaluation of the results is given in this report. Based on the the results from this project in 2014-2015, Nordic standard methods for determination 63Ni in nuclear reactor processing water and for simultaneous determination of 55Fe and 63Ni in other types of waste and environmental samples respectively are proposed. Meanwhile an analytical method for determination of 55Fe in reactor water samples is also recommended. In addition, some procedures for sequential separation of actinides are presented for the simultaneous determinaiton of isotopes of actinides in waste samples are presented. Key words Radioanalysis; 63Ni; 55Fe; standard method; reactor water NKS-356 ISBN 978-87-7893-440-6 Electronic report, January 2016 NKS Secretariat P.O.
    [Show full text]
  • Industry Background
    Appendix 2.2: Industry background Contents Page Introduction ................................................................................................................ 1 Evolution of major market participants ....................................................................... 1 The Six Large Energy Firms ....................................................................................... 3 Gas producers other than Centrica .......................................................................... 35 Mid-tier independent generator company profiles .................................................... 35 The mid-tier energy suppliers ................................................................................... 40 Introduction 1. This appendix contains information about the following participants in the energy market in Great Britain (GB): (a) The Six Large Energy Firms – Centrica, EDF Energy, E.ON, RWE, Scottish Power (Iberdrola), and SSE. (b) The mid-tier electricity generators – Drax, ENGIE (formerly GDF Suez), Intergen and ESB International. (c) The mid-tier energy suppliers – Co-operative (Co-op) Energy, First Utility, Ovo Energy and Utility Warehouse. Evolution of major market participants 2. Below is a chart showing the development of retail supply businesses of the Six Large Energy Firms: A2.2-1 Figure 1: Development of the UK retail supply businesses of the Six Large Energy Firms Pre-liberalisation Liberalisation 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
    [Show full text]
  • The Long Term Storage of Advanced Gas-Cooled Reactor (Agr) Fuel Xa9951796 P.N
    IAEA-SM-352/28 THE LONG TERM STORAGE OF ADVANCED GAS-COOLED REACTOR (AGR) FUEL XA9951796 P.N. STANDRING Thorp Technical Department, British Nuclear Fuels pic, Sellafield, Seascale, Cumbria, United Kingdom Abstract The approach being taken by BNFL in managing the AGR lifetime spent fuel arisings from British Energy reactors is given. Interim storage for up to 80 years is envisaged for fuel delivered beyond the life of the Thorp reprocessing plant. Adopting a policy of using existing facilities, to comply with the principles of waste minimisation, has defined the development requirements to demonstrate that this approach can be undertaken safely and business issues can be addressed. The major safety issues are the long term integrity of both the fuel being stored and structure it is being stored in. Business related issues reflect long term interactions with the rest of the Sellafield site and storage optimisation. Examples of the developement programme in each of these areas is given. 1. INTRODUCTION British Nuclear Fuels (BNFL) has been contracted to manage the lifetime irradiated AGR fuel arisings from British Energy reactors1. The agreement formulated is a mixture of reprocessing (covering the planned life of the Thorp reprocessing plant) and interim storage for the remainder of the fuel arisings. Interim storage is projected to be up to 80 years to comply with direct disposal acceptance criteria and projected repository availability. Eighty years represents a significant increase in storage times compared to current operational experience; of around 18 years. Confidence that AGR fuel can be stored safely for extended periods has been provided by our experience of storing AGR fuel to date and the supporting research and development programmes initiated in the late 1970's for wet storage and 1990's in the case of Scottish Nuclear (SNL) dry storage project.
    [Show full text]
  • Accident Source Terms for Light-Water Nuclear Power Plants: High Burnup and Mixed Oxide Fuels
    ERIINRC 02-202 ACCIDENT SOURCE TERMS FOR LIGHT-WATER NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS: HIGH BURNUP AND MIXED OXIDE FUELS Draft Report: June 2002 Final Report: November 2002 Energy Research, Inc. - P.O. Box 2034 Rockville, Maryland 20847-2034 Work Performed Under the Auspices of the United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission Office of Nuclear Regulatory Research Washington, D.C. 20555 ERL/NRC 02-202 ACCIDENT SOURCE TERMS FOR LIGHT-WATER NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS: HIGH BURNUP AND MIXED OXIDE FUELS Draft Report: June 2002 Final Report: November 2002 Energy Research, Inc. P. 0. Box 2034 Rockville, Maryland 20847-2034 Work performed under the auspices of United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission Washington, D.C. Under Contract Number NRC-04-97-040 I This page intentionally left blank PREFACE performed by a This report has been prepared by Energy Research, Inc. based on work Office panel of experts organized by the United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission, if necessary, of Nuclear Regulatory Research, to develop recommendations for changes, to high burnup to the revised source term as published inlNUREG-1465, for application and mixed oxide fuels. the panel facilitator, and Dr. Brent Boyack of Los Alamos National Laboratory served as of the final report. Energy Research, Inc. has been responsible for the preparation Individual contributors to this report include: Executive Summary M. Khatib-Rahbar Section 1 M. Khatib-Rahbar Section 2 H. Nourbakhsh Section 3 B. Boyack Section 4 M. Khatib-Rahbar A. Hidaka of the Japan Substantial technical input was provided to the panel, by Mr. Evrard of the Institut de Atomic Energy Research Institute (JAERI), and Mr.
    [Show full text]
  • New Nuclear Power Industry Procurement Markets
    Research Monograph 2014-01 2014 Edited by Edited Geoffrey Rothwell Geoffrey and Nam Ilchong New Nuclear Power Industry Procurement Markets: International Edited by Ilchong Nam and Experiences Geoffrey Rothwell korea develoPMeNt INstItute International Experiences International Markets: Procurement Industry Power Nuclear New ISBN 978-89-8063-902-1 연구시리즈_남일총_Procurement_최종.indd 1 2014.12.23 2:22:19 PM Research- Monograph 2014-01 New Nuclear Power Industry Procurement Markets: International Experiences Edited by Ilchong Nam and Geoffrey Rothwell ⓒ December 2014 Korea Development Institute 15, Giljae-gil, Sejong-si 339-007, Korea ISBN 978-89-8063-902-1 (93320) Price: =8,600 ▌ Preface ▌ Despite the uncertainties about the cost and nuclear reactor melt- downs, nuclear power remains one of the major energy sources in many industrialized countries. Nuclear power is one of the major low carbon energy sources that many developing countries hope to de- pend on in the future. Ensuring the safety and efficiency of nuclear power generation is vital to the economic performance of many countries and their citizens. Efficiency and safety of this technology depends on many factors. One of the crucial safety and efficiency factors of nuclear power generation is the performance of the pro- curement market in which parts, components, and services to build and operate nuclear power plants are traded. In particular, perfor- mance of the market in which safety related parts and components are traded is crucial to the efficiency and safety of nuclear power generation. Despite the importance of the procurement market for nuclear power generation, there have been few economic studies on this issue.
    [Show full text]