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Ukraine Nuclear Fuel Cycle Chronology
Ukraine Nuclear Fuel Cycle Chronology Last update: April 2005 This annotated chronology is based on the data sources that follow each entry. Public sources often provide conflicting information on classified military programs. In some cases we are unable to resolve these discrepancies, in others we have deliberately refrained from doing so to highlight the potential influence of false or misleading information as it appeared over time. In many cases, we are unable to independently verify claims. Hence in reviewing this chronology, readers should take into account the credibility of the sources employed here. Inclusion in this chronology does not necessarily indicate that a particular development is of direct or indirect proliferation significance. Some entries provide international or domestic context for technological development and national policymaking. Moreover, some entries may refer to developments with positive consequences for nonproliferation. 2003-1993 1 August 2003 KRASNOYARSK ADMINISTRATION WILL NOT ALLOW IMPORT OF UKRAINE'S SPENT FUEL UNTIL DEBT PAID On 1 August 2003, UNIAN reported that, according to Yuriy Lebedev, head of Russia's International Fuel and Energy Company, which is managing the import of spent nuclear fuel to Krasnoyarsk Kray for storage, the Krasnoyarsk administration will not allow new shipments of spent fuel from Ukraine for storage until Ukraine pays its $11.76 million debt for 2002 deliveries. —"Krasnoyarskiy kray otkazhetsya prinimat otrabotannoye yadernoye toplivo iz Ukrainy v sluchaye nepogasheniya 11.76 mln. dollarov dolga," UNIAN, 1 August 2003; in Integrum Techno, www.integrum.com. 28 February 2002 RUSSIAN REACTOR FUEL DELIVERIES TO COST $246 MILLION IN 2002 Yadernyye materialy reported on 28 February 2002 that Russian Minister of Atomic Energy Aleksandr Rumyantsev and Ukrainian Minister of Fuel and Energy Vitaliy Gayduk signed an agreement under which Ukraine will buy reactor fuel worth $246 million from Russia in 2002. -
Neural Network Based Microgrid Voltage Control Chun-Ju Huang University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee
University of Wisconsin Milwaukee UWM Digital Commons Theses and Dissertations May 2013 Neural Network Based Microgrid Voltage Control Chun-Ju Huang University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee Follow this and additional works at: https://dc.uwm.edu/etd Part of the Electrical and Electronics Commons Recommended Citation Huang, Chun-Ju, "Neural Network Based Microgrid Voltage Control" (2013). Theses and Dissertations. 118. https://dc.uwm.edu/etd/118 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by UWM Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of UWM Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. NEURAL NETWORK BASED MICROGRID VOLTAGE CONTROL by Chun-Ju Huang A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science in Engineering at The University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee May 2013 ABSTRACT NEURAL NETWORK BASED MICROGRID VOLTAGE CONTROL by Chun-Ju Huang The University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, 2013 Under the Supervision of Professor David Yu The primary purpose of this study is to improve the voltage profile of Microgrid using the neural network algorithm. Neural networks have been successfully used for character recognition, image compression, and stock market prediction, but there is no directly application related to controlling distributed generations of Microgrid. For this reason the author decided to investigate further applications, with the aim of controlling diesel generator outputs. Firstly, this thesis examines the neural network algorithm that can be utilized for alleviating voltage issues of Microgrid and presents the results. MATLAT and PSCAD are used for training neural network and simulating the Microgrid model respectively. -
Monitoring and Diagnosis Systems to Improve Nuclear Power Plant Reliability and Safety. Proceedings of the Specialists` Meeting
J — v ft INIS-mf—15B1 7 INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY NUCLEAR ELECTRIC Ltd. Monitoring and Diagnosis Systems to Improve Nuclear Power Plant Reliability and Safety PROCEEDINGS OF THE SPECIALISTS’ MEETING JOINTLY ORGANISED BY THE IAEA AND NUCLEAR ELECTRIC Ltd. AND HELD IN GLOUCESTER, UK 14-17 MAY 1996 NUCLEAR ELECTRIC Ltd. 1996 VOL INTRODUCTION The Specialists ’ Meeting on Monitoring and Diagnosis Systems to Improve Nuclear Power Plant Reliability and Safety, held in Gloucester, UK, 14 - 17 May 1996, was organised by the International Atomic Energy Agency in the framework of the International Working Group on Nuclear Power Plant Control and Instrumentation (IWG-NPPCI) and the International Task Force on NPP Diagnostics in co-operation with Nuclear Electric Ltd. The 50 participants, representing 21 Member States (Argentina, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Hungary, Japan, Netherlands, Norway, Russian Federation, Slovak Republic, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, UK and USA), reviewed the current approaches in Member States in the area of monitoring and diagnosis systems. The Meeting attempted to identify advanced techniques in the field of diagnostics of electrical and mechanical components for safety and operation improvements, reviewed actual practices and experiences related to the application of those systems with special emphasis on real occurrences, exchanged current experiences with diagnostics as a means for predictive maintenance. Monitoring of the electrical and mechanical components of systems is directly associated with the performance and safety of nuclear power plants. On-line monitoring and diagnostic systems have been applied to reactor vessel internals, pumps, safety and relief valves and turbine generators. The monitoring techniques include nose analysis, vibration analysis, and loose parts detection. -
South-Ukraine NPP Implements Radics Digital Safety System DIGITAL CONTROL SYSTEM SOLUTIONS
South-Ukraine NPP Implements RadICS Digital Safety System DIGITAL CONTROL SYSTEM SOLUTIONS Organization Curtiss-Wright has partnered with Radics, LLC — an international nuclear engineering South-Ukraine NPP, a nuclear power company specializing in advanced, customized I&C solutions — to bring the RadICS plant operating in Ukraine. digital instrumentation platform to the U.S. nuclear power market. Challenge Aging safety systems were becoming Part of the South Ukrainian Energy Complex, the South-Ukraine Nuclear Power less reliable and more difficult to repair. Plant (NPP) is located near the city of Yuzhnoukrainsk in the Mykolaiv region, Solution approximately 350 kilometers south of Kiev. It is the second largest of five Implementation of an Engineered nuclear power stations in Ukraine, all of which are owned and operated by the Safety Factors Actuation System (ESFAS) and implementation of a State Enterprise National Nuclear Energy Generating Company, also known as Reactor Trip System (RTS) based on the “Energoatom,” with three VVER-1000 pressurized water reactors and a net RadICS digital safety platform. generation capacity of 3,000 megawatts. Construction of the plant began in 1975 Results and the first power unit was commissioned December 31, 1982, with the second The plant has had no failures and and third units being commissioned on January 6, 1985 and September 20, 1989 no reactor shutdowns due to system respectively. errors since the new EFAS and RTS systems were installed. AGING ELECTRONICS Prior to this modernization initiative, South-Ukraine NPP utilized a Kaskad Unified Logic Control Unit, an analog T-1000R I&C system, and a unified electrical hardware complex (AKESR). -
Community Energy White Paper April 2014 Contents
Community Energy White Paper April 2014 Contents Letter from the CEO .............................................................................. 3 Executive Summary ............................................................................. 4 Redefining energy ............................................................................... 5 Today’s challenges .............................................................................. 8 The future of energy .......................................................................... 11 A solution: Decentralisation ............................................................... 14 Why focus on communities? .............................................................. 15 What can we learn from other countries? ........................................ 20 A platform for success ...................................................................... 24 How will it work? ............................................................................... 25 Government support ......................................................................... 26 Appendix: The UK Government’s community energy strategy ....... 27 Bibliography ....................................................................................... 29 2 Letter from the CEO All industries evolve. If they don’t, they die out or are supplanted by something different. Evolution can take many forms - value for money, customer service, product innovation, operational efficiency. But one way or another, change means survival and growth. -
Magnox Electric Plc's Strategy for Decommissioning Its Nuclear
A review by HM Nuclear Installations Inspectorate Magnox Electric plc’s strategy for decommissioning its nuclear licensed sites A review by HM Nuclear Installations Inspectorate Magnox Electric plc’s strategy for decommissioning its nuclear licensed sites Published by the Health and Safety Executive February 2002 Further copies are available from: Health and Safety Executive Nuclear Safety Directorate Information Centre Room 004 St Peter’s House Balliol Road, Bootle Merseyside L20 3LZ Tel: 0151 951 4103 Fax: 0151 951 4004 E-mail: [email protected] Available on the Internet from: http://www.open.gov.uk/hse/nsd ii FOREWORD This report sets out the findings of a review by the Health and Safety Executive’s Nuclear Installation Inspectorate, in consultation with the environment agencies, of the Magnox Electric plc (Magnox Electric) decommissioning and waste management strategies for its nuclear licensed sites. The review was undertaken in accordance with the 1995 White Paper “Review of Radioactive Waste Management Policy: Final Conclusions”, Cm 2919, which stated that the Government would ask all nuclear operators to draw up strategies for the decommissioning of their redundant plant and that the Health and Safety Executive (HSE) would review these strategies on a quinquennial basis in consultation with the environment agencies. The Magnox Electric strategy upon which this review is based was prepared subsequent to the merger of Magnox Electric with British Nuclear Fuels plc (BNFL) but whilst it still remained a separate nuclear site licensee under the Nuclear Installations Act 1965 (as amended). This report therefore considers Magnox Electric’s decommissioning and waste management strategies as of April 2000 for its nuclear licensed sites at: Berkeley, Bradwell, Dungeness A, Hinkley Point A, Hunterston A, Oldbury, Sizewell A, Trawsfynydd and Wylfa; and at the Berkeley Centre; and for the financial liabilities for waste and decommissioning on other nuclear licensed sites (e.g. -
Endless Trouble: Britain's Thermal Oxide Reprocessing Plant
Endless Trouble Britain’s Thermal Oxide Reprocessing Plant (THORP) Martin Forwood, Gordon MacKerron and William Walker Research Report No. 19 International Panel on Fissile Materials Endless Trouble: Britain’s Thermal Oxide Reprocessing Plant (THORP) © 2019 International Panel on Fissile Materials This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial License To view a copy of this license, visit ww.creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0 On the cover: the world map shows in highlight the United Kingdom, site of THORP Dedication For Martin Forwood (1940–2019) Distinguished colleague and dear friend Table of Contents About the IPFM 1 Introduction 2 THORP: An Operational History 4 THORP: A Political History 11 THORP: A Chronology 1974 to 2018 21 Endnotes 26 About the authors 29 About the IPFM The International Panel on Fissile Materials (IPFM) was founded in January 2006 and is an independent group of arms control and nonproliferation experts from both nuclear- weapon and non-nuclear-weapon states. The mission of the IPFM is to analyze the technical basis for practical and achievable pol- icy initiatives to secure, consolidate, and reduce stockpiles of highly enriched uranium and plutonium. These fissile materials are the key ingredients in nuclear weapons, and their control is critical to achieving nuclear disarmament, to halting the proliferation of nuclear weapons, and to ensuring that terrorists do not acquire nuclear weapons. Both military and civilian stocks of fissile materials have to be addressed. The nuclear- weapon states still have enough fissile materials in their weapon stockpiles for tens of thousands of nuclear weapons. On the civilian side, enough plutonium has been sepa- rated to make a similarly large number of weapons. -
Industry Background
Appendix 2.2: Industry background Contents Page Introduction ................................................................................................................ 1 Evolution of major market participants ....................................................................... 1 The Six Large Energy Firms ....................................................................................... 3 Gas producers other than Centrica .......................................................................... 35 Mid-tier independent generator company profiles .................................................... 35 The mid-tier energy suppliers ................................................................................... 40 Introduction 1. This appendix contains information about the following participants in the energy market in Great Britain (GB): (a) The Six Large Energy Firms – Centrica, EDF Energy, E.ON, RWE, Scottish Power (Iberdrola), and SSE. (b) The mid-tier electricity generators – Drax, ENGIE (formerly GDF Suez), Intergen and ESB International. (c) The mid-tier energy suppliers – Co-operative (Co-op) Energy, First Utility, Ovo Energy and Utility Warehouse. Evolution of major market participants 2. Below is a chart showing the development of retail supply businesses of the Six Large Energy Firms: A2.2-1 Figure 1: Development of the UK retail supply businesses of the Six Large Energy Firms Pre-liberalisation Liberalisation 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 -
TENEX Public Annual Report 2018 001 Публичный Годовой Отчет АО «Техснабэкспорт» 2018 002 8
TENEX Public Annual Report 2018 001 Публичный годовой отчет АО «Техснабэкспорт» 2018 002 8 Approved by the resolution of the Board of Directors dated 28.05.2019 Director General Sergey Polgorodnik TENEX Public Annual Report 2018 2 Key Indicators of 2018 3 Key Indicators of 2018 Uranium contracting Financial results 107.0 Revenue RUB billion Contracts 18 concluded 21.1 Net profit RUB billion Total value 2.0 of concluded Earnings US $ billion contracts before Interest, 33.4 Taxes, RUB billion Depreciation and Amortization Number (EBITDA) 12 of customers Uranium sales HR and social policy Sales Average staff number Social volume programs 1.7 324 15.6 funding US $ billion people RUB million Funds directed on charity Number 4.0 80 of supplies RUB billion Number of country- 11 recipients TENEX Public Annual Report 2018 4 Stakeholder Public Assurance 5 Stakeholder Public Assurance1 Full name Company and position Signature Full name Company and position Signature Akisheva Оlga Deputy Director General for Economics and Finance, JSC “UECC” Head of Department for NFC Lifecycle Projects Integration with Koryakin Konstantin Sectorial Policies System, ROSATOM Deputy Director for International Operation — Director Belyaeva Marina of International Cooperation Department, ROSATOM Krupnik Pavel Director of International Programs, Centrus Energy Corp. Bochkin Oleg Strategic Communications Director, LLC Rusatom Overseas Deputy Head, Department for Safety Regulation of Nuclear Lavrinovich Andrey Fuel Cycle Facilities, Nuclear Power Plants for Ships and Radiation-hazardous -
Global Nuclear Markets – Market Arrangements and Service Agreements
INL/EXT-16-38796 Global Nuclear Markets – Market Arrangements and Service Agreements Brent Dixon Leilani Beard June 2016 The INL is a U.S. Department of Energy National Laboratory operated by Battelle Energy Alliance DISCLAIMER This information was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the U.S. Government. Neither the U.S. Government nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, expressed or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness, of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. References herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trade mark, manufacturer, or otherwise, does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the U.S. Government or any agency thereof. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the U.S. Government or any agency thereof. INL/EXT-16-38796 Global Nuclear Markets – Market Arrangements and Service Agreements Brent Dixon Leilani Beard June 2016 Idaho National Laboratory Nuclear Systems Design & Analysis Division Idaho Falls, Idaho 83415 Prepared for the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Energy Policy and Systems Analysis Under U.S. Department of Energy-Idaho Operations Office Contract DE-AC07-05ID14517 Forward The U.S. Department of Energy’s Office of Energy Policy and Systems Analysis (EPSA) requested an assessment of global nuclear markets, including the structure of nuclear companies in different countries and the partnerships between reactor vendors and buyers. -
Too Much to Handle Radioactive Waste Management in the Post Nuclear Accident Country Ukraine
Too much to handle Radioactive waste management in the post nuclear accident country Ukraine Kyiv, 2017 Too much to handle Radioactive waste management in the post nuclear accident country Ukraine Olexi Pasyuk Centre of Environmental Initiatives ‘Ecoaction’ www.ecoaction.org.ua [email protected] This paper is a contribution to the publication: Achim Brunnengräber, Maria Rosaria Di Nucci, Ana María Isidoro Losada, Lutz Mez, Miranda Schreurs (Eds.). Nuclear Waste Governance: An International Comparison. Vol. II, to ap- pear in Springer VS, c. 300 pp We gratefully acknowledge language editing effort by Jess Wallach. Abstract In 1986, Ukraine experienced a major nuclear accident at the Chornobyl nuclear power plant (NPP); over three decades later, this event continues to define Ukraine’s waste management situation. Today, radioactive waste at the Chornobyl NPP site and surrounding exclusion zone constitutes over 98% of total solid radioactive waste. Spent nuclear fuel is excluded from this figure as it has special legal status and is not considered to be radioactive waste. Following Ukraine’s independence from the Soviet Union, its institutional system to manage nuclear waste problems has continually changed and has not reached the state of clear responsibilities and distribution of roles between various institutions. However, the need for this clarity is recognized by experts and proposals have been made to centralise the management system. EU and IAEA funding enables research on the waste management system most suitable for Ukraine, including deep geological disposal (DGD), regulatory system improvements and physical infrastructure. Adaptation of the Ukrainian standards and practices to the European standards will be ac- celerated in view of the EU-Ukraine Association Agreement. -
Annual Report 2017 (Hereinafter Federal Contests: According to Expert RA • TOP 100 (Rank 36 Ahead of All • in November 2018
Table of Contents Adress of the Chairman of the Board of Directors Alexander Lokshin. 2 4 .2 . Financial Capital . 62 APPROVED BY Adress of the Director General Vladimir Verkhovtsev . 3 4 .2 .1 . Financial Management . 62 the resolution of the Board of Directors of JSC Atomredmetzoloto Adress of the President of the Veteran Council Nikolay Petrukhin . 4 4 .2 .2 . Financial Management Performance . 63 10 Years: Sustainable Development Trajectory . 4 4 .2 .3 . Investments . 65 (Minutes No.209 dd. May 25, 2018) 2017 Key Events. 6 4 .3 . Intellectual Capital . 67 2017 Key Indicators . 7 4 .3 .1 . Intellectual Capital Management . 68 4 .3 .2 . Innovative Performance . .. 70 1 . INFORMATION ABOUT JSC ATOMREDMETZOLOTO . 8 4 .3 .3 . Digital Economy Performance. .. 70 This Report has been pre-approved by 1 .1 . About the Company. .. 9 4 .4 . Natural Capital . .71 1 .1 .1 . General Information .. 9 4 .4 .1 . Natural Capital Management Environmental Policy . 71 the Director General, JSC Atomredmetzoloto 1 .1 .2 . Holding Structure . .. 9 4 .4 .2 . Natural Capital Management Performance: . 71 (order No. 003/124-П dd. May 14, 2018) 1 .1 .3 . Mission and Values . 10 4 .4 .2 .1 . Protection of Land Resources and Biodiversity . 71 1 .2 . Market Presence . 10 4 .4 .2 .2 . Protection of Water Resources . 72 1 .3 . Our Role in ROSATOM’s Production Cycle .. 11 4 .4 .2 .3 . Air Protection . 73 1 .4 . Supply Chain . 11 4 .4 .2 .4 . Waste Management . 74 1 .5 . Value Chain and Business Model . .. 13 4 .4 .2 .5 . Environmental Costs . 75 1 .5 .1 .