Attachment 15 to PLA-6219 Environmental Studies in the Vicinity of the Susquehanna Steam Electric Station, 2005. Water Quality and Fishes, by Ecology III, Inc. 'February 2007

(NRC Document Request 52) ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES IN THE, VICINITY OF THE SUSQUEHANNA STEAM ELECTRIC STATION 2005 WATER QUALITY AND FISHES.

Ecology III, Inc.

*ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES

SUSQUEHANNA SES ENVIRONMENTAL LABORATORY 804 Salem Boulevard Berwick, PA 18603 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES I IN THE VICINITY OF THE I SUSQUEHANNA STEAM ELECTRIC STATION 2005 I WATER. QUALITY. AND FISHES

. l i p Preparedby Ecology Ill, Inc. I Susquehanna SES Environmental Laboratory 804 Salem Boulevard I Berwick, Pennsylvania 18603

I For I PPL Susquehanna, LLC 769 Salem Boulevard I Berwick, PA 18603-0467 I

February 2007 I .I I II

CONTENTS

Page SIN TROD U C TIO N - ......

WATER QUALITY by Lyle R. Harvey and Sharon A. Harrall...... 2 P rocedures ...... 2 []Results Results~~~~and..Discussionand Discussion ...... 6 ...... 3 River Flow and Tem perature ...... 3 River Water Quality at the Susquehanna SES ...... 3 Control and Indicator Site Comparisons ...... 4 1 C onclusion ...... 5

I FISHES byBrian P. Mangan ...... 6 P rocedures ...... 6 Electrofishing ...... 6 -1- "e riSeining...... 7 Statistical A nalysis...... 7 Results and Discussion ...... I 8 . E lectrofishing ...... 8 Seining ...... 9 BACI Results: Electrofishing ...... 10 BACI Results: Seining ...... 11

I .~~EFERENCES...... 12...... :..:...... II

I * I LIST OF TABLES

Page Table 1 Daily mean flow (cfs) of the at the Susquehanna SES Environmental Laboratory, 2005 ...... 16

Table.2 Daily mean temperature (C) of the Susquehanna River at the Susquehanna SES Environmental Laboratory, 2005 ...... 17

Table 3 Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection specific water quality criteria for the Susquehanna River in the vicinity of the Susquehanna Steam Electric Station, 2005...... 18

Table 4 Water quality data collected quarterly from the Susquehanna River and the Susquehanna SES blowdown, 2005 ...... 19

Table 5 Total concentrations from the Susquehanna River at the SSES sam pling site, 1973-2005 ...... 21

Table 6 Comparison of measured and calculated total mineral solids (tms) concentrations at Bell Bend on the Susquehanna River, 2005 ...... 22

Table 7 Comparison of measured and calculated total mineral solids (tms) concentrations at Bell Bend on the Susquehanna River, 1991-2005 ...... 22

Table 8 Descriptions of electrofishing (EL) and seining (SN) sites at SSES and Bell Bend on the Susquehanna River, 2005 ...... 23

Table 9 Fish species that were observed while electrofishing or collected by seining at SSES and Bell Bend on the Susquehanna River, 2005...... 24

Table 10 Number, mean, and percent total of fish observed while electrofishing at SSES on the Susquehanna River, 2005 ...... 25

Table 11 Number, mean, and percent total of fish observed while electrofishing at Bell Bend on the Susquehanna River, 2005 ...... 26

Table 12 Number, mean, and percent total of fish captured by seining at SSES and Bell Bend on the Susquehanna River, 2005 ...... 27

Table 13 P-values for fish species deemed significant by the BACI analysis, 1976-2005 ...... 28

Hi I LIST OF FIGURES Page

'Fig. I Sampling sites for water quality, electrofishing (EL), and seining (SN) 1 at -SSES and Bell Bend on the Susquehanna River, 2005 ...... 29

Fig. 2 The 2005 monthly mean flow of the Susquehanna River at the Susquehanna SES Environmental Laboratorycompared to the 44-year (1961-2004) mean ...... 30

Fig. 3 Volume of Susquehanna River flow at theSusquehanna SES Environmental Laboratory, 1961-2005 ...... 30 I I I I I I I I i I I i,, I 3,

INTRODUCTION

PPL Susquehanna, LLC (PPL) contracted Ecology 1ll, Inc. to conduct nonradiological i monitoring of the Susquehanna River in the vicinity of the Susquehanna Steam Electric

Station (Susquehanna SES) in 2005. The Susquehanna SES is a nuclear power station

with two boiling water reactors, each with a net electrical generating capacity of

approximately 1,220 megawatts. It is located on a 1,700-acre site in Salem Township,

I Luzerne County, 5 miles northeast of Berwick, Pennsylvania. PPL owns 90 percent of the

station and the Allegheny Electric Cooperative, Inc. owns 10 percent.

The objective of the nonradiological environmental monitoring program is to assess

I the impact of operating the Susquehanna SES on the Susquehanna River water quality and 9 relative abundance of fishes. This was accomplished in 2005 by comparing data at control and indicator stations and by evaluating results of preoperational (1971-1982) and

operational (1983-2005) studies (ichthyological Associates 1972-1985, Ecology III 1986-

2005). Monitoring was done at sites within a control station (SSES) upriver from the

Susquehanna SES river intake structure and indicator stations (Bell Bend and Bell Bend I)

I downriver from the diffuser.

To more objectively assess the impact of operating the Susquehanna SES on the

Susquehanna River, a statistical procedure called BACI (Before-After:Control-Impact)

I analysis was applied to preoperational and operational monitoring data. 3 This report presents results of water quality and fishes studies.

! 2- I WATER QUALITY

PROCEDURES

Water quality of the Susquehanna River relative to operation of the Susquehanna

SES 'was monitored throughout 2005 at two control sites, the Susquehanna SES

Environmental Laboratory and SSES; and one indicator site, Bell Bend. River flow and temperature were monitored continuously at the Environmental Laboratory located on the west river bank, 1,620 feet upriver from the nuclear power plant river intake. The SSES river site is located 750 feet upriver from the intake. The Bell Bend river site is 2,260 feet i downnver from the blowdown discharge (Fig. 1).

A cooling tower blowdown sample and SSES and Bell Bend river samples were I collected quarterly in 2005. These samples were analyzed by the Chemical Laboratory at q the PPL Systems Facility Center, Hazleton, Pennsylvania. Temperature and dissolved oxygen were measured by Ecology Ill. BIowdown is river water used in the nuclear power i plant cooling cycle and is discharged back to the river. It has high conductivity and dissolved solids concentrations because of evaporative loss in the cooling towers (13,000 gallons/minute/tower evaporation during operation). In 2005, the daily average blowdown i ranged from 13.3 to 17.8 cubic feet per second (cfs). Blowdown samples have been collected as part of this program since 1991. They were originally collected at the

Susquehanna SES sewage treatment plant automatic composite sampler (ACS; location code 6S7). Since November 1996 they have been collected at the 2S7 ACS (6W7 ACS is a backup site). The 2S7 ACS site is about 750 feet downstream from the cooling tower basin and the 6S7 ACS site is about 2,130 feet further •down the blowdown line (Fig. 1). q I -3-

*RESULTS AND DISCUSSION i River Flow and Temperature 3 In2005, Susquehanna River flow was above average in January, February, April, October, November and December (Fig. 2). There were 24 occurrences in 2005 when

daily mean river flow exceeded 50,000 cfs. Daily mean river flow ranged from 806 to 1 198,000 cfs (Table 1). An estimated 565 billion cubic feet of water passed by the Environmental Laboratory in 2005 (Fig. 3). This was the tenth highest flow in the last 45

I years.

River temperature was monitored throughout the year. River temperature ranged

from -0.2 C at 0800h on 27 January to 31.0 C at 1800h on 4 August. Daily mean river 1temperature ranged from 0.0 C on 14 December to 29.4 C on 20 July (Table 2). Monthly mean temperature was above average every month except March and December. The

monthly mean temperature for June, July and September were the warmest recorded for

respective months in our 31-year database. I those

River Water Quality at the Susquehanna SES

Control and indicator data were compared to PADEP water quality criteria (2001;

I Table 3). The parameters encompassed by the criteria were alkalinity, , 3 chloride, dissolved oxygen, fluoride, total and dissolved iron, manganese, nitrate, pH, sulfate, temperature and . Data for all parameters fell within the I criteria for the year at both the control and indicator river sites (Table 4). The basic quality of this section of the Susquehanna River continues to improve.

The most significant change noticed in this water quality program has been the decrease of I total iron in the Susquehanna River (Table 5). The source of iron to the river is drainage from abandoned coal mines in northeast Pennsylvania. The termination of anthracite coal mining upriver from the Susquehanna SES after Tropical Storm Agnes in 1972 is asspciated with this decrease. In the 1980's concentrations began to decrease. Of the 59 samples collected in the 1970's only 34% met the criterion. In the 1980's and 90's, 56% of

119 samples and 85% of 95 samples met the criterion, respectively. Of the 24 samples collected in the past 6 years, 92% have met the criterion. The annual mean concentration of total iron has been <1.5 mg/L since 1994.

Control and Indicator Site Comparisons

The dilutive effect of high river flow tends to equalize, values at the control and

indicator sites. Data for conductivity and total mineral solids were usually higher at the

indicator site than the control site in all samples•(Table 4).

Higher values at the indicator site are due to the high concentrations of solids in the

blowdown. This relationship is evident in the quarterly samples collected at SSES, Bell

Bend, and the blowdown (Tables 6 and 7).

Based on the mass balance of total mineral solids (tms),

Q1C1 + Q2C2 = Q3C3

where: Q1 - River flow at Environmental Lab C, = SSES tms . 02= Blowdown flow C2 = Blowdown tms Q3 =Q + Q2

the concentration is expected to be higher at the indicator site, especially during low river

flow. I -5-

I In 2005,. the measured tms at the Bell Bend indicator site was within 12-.3 mg/L of 'the expected tms for the quarterly samples (Table 6). 'Mass balancing has been used

since 1991 to check the measured vs. expected tms concentration at the Bell Bend

I indicator site. The average difference between the measured and calculated

concentrations in these 15 years has been 1.5 mg/L indicating that the operation of the

power plant is within design limitations (Table 7).

I Conclusion

Susquehanna River flow was above average in 2005; it was the tenth highest flow

in the last 45 years. Control and indicator data were similar throughout the year, with

indicator data relative to the mineral concentrations in the Susquehanna SES blowdown 9 somewhat higher. The higher indicator values were within PADEP criteria for the river and design limitations of the Susquehanna SES. II I I I I I I 9 ! I

FISHES I

PROCEDURES I Electrofishing Electrofishing samples were collected once each month in April, June, July, August iI and October in 2005. Sampling was done at four sites, and each site was approximately

1,100-yards long and parallel to the river shoreline. These sites have been consistently i sampled by boat electrofishing since 1976. Two sites were located upriver from the

Susquehanna SES river intake structure along each bank of the river, and two sites were downriver from the intake' (referred to as SSES and Bell Bend locations, respectively; Table

8, Fig. 1). Our electrofishing boat was operated with a 5-KW generator (direct current) I controlled by a variable-voltage pulsator. The electrofishing unit was outfitted on an 18-foot flat-bottomed boat, similar to the design of Novotny and Priegel (1974). In the interest of i continuity, this same electrofishing unit has been used since the inception of the sampling I program. During sampling, the boat was driven parallel to the shoreline usually within 30 feet I of the riverbank. For purposes of safety and sampling efficiency, all sampling was done at I river levels less than 493.1 feet above mean sea level (msl; equivalent to 10.1 feet) as measured at the Environmental Laboratory. Electrofishing was done only in the evening I and sampling began about one hour after sunset. Two observers stood in the bow of the I boat and identified and counted fish during each sample. Data were recorded using a cassette tape recorder. I -7-

Seining -7

Shoreline fishes were collected by seine during June and August. Sampling was

done when river levels were less than 490.2 feet above msl (equivalent to 7.2 feet at the

I Environmental Lab). High water prevented sampling in October. Similar to the

electrofishing sampling sites, two seine sites were above the Susquehanna SES river

intake structure along each shoreline and two were below,(Table 8, Fig. 1).

I To sample, one end of a 25-foot bag seine (0.257inch mesh) was kept stationary on 3 the riverbank while we extended the other end about 20 feet into the river or as far as

depth of the water allowed. The seine was then pulled upriver and onto shore. Two hauls

were made in the same location at each site and the catches from both hauls were

combined and considered one unit of effort. Captured fish were placed in 10% formalin in pthe field and returned to the laboratory. After at least two weeks in the formalin, the fish were rinsed with water, identified, enumerated, and finally preserved in 40% isopropanol.

Statistical Analysis

A statistical analysis known as the Before-After:Control-lmpact (BACI), was applied

I to the electrofishing (1976-2005) and seining data (1978-2005; Ecology Ill, Inc. 1990). 3 Twenty species or categories of fish were analyzed from the electrofishing data, as were

12 species from the seining data. These species or groups were chosen based on their

I abundance during the years before Susquehanna SES operation.

Two different electrofishing data sets were analyzed. The first set included all

months sampled by electrofishing through the years, and is referred to as the All-Data Set. 9 The second set, named the Summer-Data Set, included only the months from June through October, to reflect the reduced monitoring effort in place since 1986. Tme seining U data set analyzed by the BACI represents all of the months sampled by this r~iethod through the years.

Additionally, in 1990 Williams and Th6rarinsson recommended that the BACI analyses eventually be re-run to use February 1985 as the beginning of operational data.

(Williams and Th6rarinsson 1990). This reflects the time period between startup of Unit 1

(September 1982) and Unit 2 (February 1985), and replaces the existing beginning date of I

September 1982. For the purposes of this report the electrofishing data sets were analyzed using both the traditional.September 1982 date, as well as the extended time period (the 19 months between the startup dates were not used in the second BACI analysis).

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION* q EElectrofishina • I

Electrofishing at the SSES and Bell Bend locations in .2005 resulted in the

observation of 821 fish of 22 species (Tables 9 through 11). The total numbers of fish

collected above and below the SSES intake and discharge for the year were generally I

similar, as were most of the monthly totals. The range of sample sizes (differences 3

between minima and maxima) among the months at SSES was 125 fish, while the range at

Bell Bend was 99. Maximum monthly sample sizes occurred during August at both SSES

(147) and Bell Bend (146).

Smallmouth bass was the most abundant species observed at SSES and Bell Bend in 2005 (18% and 32% of the total, respectively). Smallmouth bass and quillback together q U I

'represented 34% of the fish observed at SSES and 47% of those at Bell Bend. Two additional sucker species, northern hog sucker and shorthead redhorse, compried an

additional 25% of total fish observed throughout 2005 at SSES. However, these same

species contributed only 2% of the total observed at Bell Bend. Quillback was the most

abundant species during most months at SSES, while smallmouth led most months at Bell

Bend.

Eighteen species were observed at SSES this year, as were 19 species at Bell 3 Bend. Species richness per month ranged from 6 to 15 at SSES and 10 to 12 at Bell Bend. Maximum species richness at SSES occurred in July (15 species), while the April,

June, and October samples at Bell Bend had 12 species each. Sucker and sunfish I species dominated richness in all months during 2005. p _

Seining

I. Seining at the SSES and Bell Bend locations in 2005 resulted in the capture-of 897 3 fish of 16 species (Tables 9 and 12). Spottail shiner was the most abundant species captured at SSES (30%), as was white sucker at Bell Bend (42%). Spotfin shiner, spottail I shiner, and white sucker comprised 76% and 86% of the fishes collected at SSES and Bell

I Bend, respectively.

Similar to previous years, the number of fishes captured at SSES was a fraction

I (38%) of those collected at Bell Bend. A similar discrepancy in fish numbers between the

I sites also occurred among the monthly samples. This may reflect the growing disparity.

between the upriver and downriver sites, particularly the SSES location on the west bank of

the river. In the past few years the SSES West site has become overgrown with I -10- vegetation, including the exotic invasive plant, purple loosestrife. Thick vegetation during U higher water levels at this site sometimes presents obktacles that can affect sainpling efficiency. Furthermore, it is also the deepest of the four sites.

Fourteen species were collected at SSES and 13 species were captured at Bell

Bend. At both stations, species in the minnow and sunfish families predominated. Species richness was greatest at both sampling sites during June.. Species numbers in a given month at SSES ranged from 7 to 13, while those at Bell Bend ranged from 8 to 11 species.

One unusual occurrence was the capture of both a northern pike and muskellunge in the

-same sample in June at the SSES West site.

BACI Results: Electrofishino "

Of the 20 species or categories of fish that were tested with the BACI analysis with q the 1982 operational start date, nine species from the All-Data and eight species from the

Summer-Data set showed significant or marginally significant differences in the numbers of fishes above versus below the power plant discharge (P<0.10, Table 13). Species in the

All-Data. set that indicated declines in their numbers at the downstream locations included

quillback, white sucker, northern hog sucker, shorthead redhorse, muskellunge, rock bass, I

smallmouth bass, and unidentified fish. Brown bullhead was also significantly different.

However, its numbers showed significant increase at Bell Bend compared to the upriver

sites. The Summer-Data set demonstrated decline or increase in all of the same species,

except white sucker. I

I -11-

PChanging the time period demarcating preoperational and operational data from 1982 to 198.5 made little difference in the outcome of the BACI analysis. Both data sets

indicated the same basic differences between upriver versus downriver fish numbers.

BACI Results: Seining

The results of the 12 seined species tested by BACI analysis indicated that spotfin

shiner were marginally significant in both the 1982 operational data set and the 1985 data

set (P=0.09). The. point estimates for these test results indicate that more spotfins were

collected at the downriver sites. Additionally, rock bass showed marginal significance in

the 1985 operational data set (P=0.08), indicating fewer specimens at the downriver U• locations.

I !

II I

I

I -12- REFERENCES , , |

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I I -16-

Table 1 4' Daily mean flow (cfs) of the Susquehanna River at the Susquehanna SES Environmental Laboratory, 2005. I DATE JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC I .1 .14900 14400 11900 96400 15300 3960 2350 1390 1570 996 24600 104000 2 153,00 14400 11900 96400 14900 3710 2560' 1210 5590 1570 22300 81400 3 15300, 13100 11500 169000 14400 3470 3470 1210 '8820 1940 21800 59400 I 4 20700 12300- 10700 198000 14000 3470 3000 1210 6490 1940 21300 44600 5 31900 13100 10300 173000 13100 .3230 2770 1210 4740 1750 18700 33900 I 6 33200 12300 9540 139000 11900 3230 3000 .1210 3470 1570 16200 27500 7 32600 11900 9540 104000 10700 3230 2560 996 2770 1570 14400 22900 8 31900 11900 11100 77300 9910 3470 2770 996 2350 2770 14400 19700 I 9 33200 12700 18700 .61200 9180 3470 3000 996 1940. 3710 14900 17700 10 30600 22900 21300 51800 8470 3230 3230 996 1940 7780 14900 15300

11 26300 43900 18700 43900 8120 3230 6180 897 1750 8470 19200 14400 I 12 24600 34600 16700 35900 7450 4480 5300 897 1570 7780 25200 14000 13 27500 28100 14900 30600 6800 6490 4480 897 1390 7780 22900 13100 14 80400 23500 14400 26300 6490 4740 3470 897 1210 10300 19200 11900 I 15 128000 22900 13500 23500 6490 4740 3000 996 1210 22300 16700 10300 16 93100 30600 12300 20200 6490 4210 3000 996 996 24000 16700 10300 q 17 75300 44600 11900 17700 5880 5590 3000 996 897 20200 26900 12300 18 60300 43100 11500. 15300 5590 5300 2770 1210 897 17700 40200 13100 19 46200 31900 11900 14000 5300 4740 2560 996 897 14900 38000 13500 20 33900 26300 12300 12700 5300 4740 2770 996 897 12300 30600 12300 I

21 27500 22300 13500 11100 5020 4740 2770 897 897 10300 24600 13100 22 24600 20200 17200 10300 4740 4740 2350 897 897 8820 21300 10300 I 23 20200 1"8700 18700 10300 4480 3960 1940 996 897 9180 19700 9910 24 15800 17200 21300 12300 4210 3470 1940 897 897 15300 18200 9180 897 25 14400 15800. 20700 22300 4210 3230 1940 806 26300 16700 9180 I 26 14900 14400 20700 27500 4210 3000 1750 806 897 55100 15300 12700 27 19200 13500 23500 24600 4480 2560 1570 806 897 86600 13500 18700 I 28 16700 12300 31300 20200 4480 2350 1570 806 806 '66700 12300 24600 29 15300 111000 17200 4480 2350 1570 897 806 49300 12300 25200 30 13100 142000 15800 4480 2350 1570 897 897 38000 34600' 33200 31 14400 116000 4210 1390 897 .30000 40200 I MEAN 33900 21500 25800 52600 7570 3850 2760 994 2010 18300 20900 24500 I I q I -17-

W Table 2

Daily mean temperature (C) of the Susquehanna River at the Susquehanna SES Environmental Laboratory, 2005.

DATý JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG' SEP OCT NOV DEC

I1 2.2 0.2. 1.2 4.9 11.9 20.3 28.4 27.9 24.3 18.7 8.3 8.0 2 2.4 0.2 .1.3 6.0 11.7 21.4 27.7 28.3 24.2 18.9 8,9 6.9 3 2.8 0.3 1.1 6.1 11.3 21.5 27.0 28.6 24.0 19.2 9.1 5.4 4 3.5 0.4 1.1 5.5 11.2 21.6 27.2 29.2 23.4 19.1 9.4 4.3 5 3.4 0.3 1.4 5.6 11.5 22.7 26.6 28.7 23.3 19.8 10.1 3.5

6" 2.6 0.4 1.7 6.3 12.3 24.0 26.3 27.9 23.6 20.1 10.6 3.2 7 2.3 0.5 2.6 7.4 12.8 24.7 25.6 27.4 24.0 20.5 10.9 2.4 8 2.3 0.5 2.9 '8.4 14.0 25.6 25.3,1 26.9 23.9 19.8 10.8 1.7 9 2.2 0.6 1.2 9.0 15.4 26.4 .24.8 26.6 23.7 18.2 10.6 1.2 10 2.3 0.6 0.7 9.6 17.0 26.6 25.1 27.1 23.6. 16.9 10.3 0.9

11 2.2 0.4 0.5 10.2 18.5 27.1 25.9 28.0 23.0 16.8 9.2 0.6 I 12 2.3 .0.4 0.9 10.3 19.0 27.8 27.1 28.2 23.1 16.5 8.2 0.9 13 2.9 0.8 2.0 10.4 18.3 28.0 27.9 28.6 23.8 16.1 7.9 0.3 14 4.4 0.9 2.7 10.8 18.5 28.7 27.9 28.9 23.8 16.0 8.1 0.0 15 3.1 1.5 ,3.0 11.1 19.4 28.2 28.2 28.3 24.9 15.8 8.3 0.1

16 2.0 2.0 3.4 11.4 19.5 26.9 28.3 27.4 25.6 15.2 9.5 0.3 17 1.3 1.9 3.8 11.9 18.8 25.1 2862 27.2 25.4 14.4 9.2 0.2 18 0.3 0.9 4.4 12.8 18.6 23.6 28.8 26.5 24.7 14.2 8.2 0.3 19 0.1 0.2 4.8 13.9 18.7 22.9 29.1 25.7 24.5 14.0 7.0 0.3 20 0.2 0.3 5.2 15.2 18.4 23.2 29.4 25.8 23.9 13.8 6.3 0.1

21 0.1 0.4 5.0 15.9 18.0 23.9 29.0 26.6 23.4 13.2 5.9 0.1 22 0.1 1.2 4.8 14.9 18.1 24.3 28.7 26.0 23.2 12.8 5.9 0.2 23 0.2 1.9 4.6 13.9 17.9 24.1 28.3 25.1 23.2 12.3 5.0 0.3 24 0.1 1.7 3.8 12.7 17.5 24.5 27.5 25.1 22.3 11.3 4.2 0.5 25 0.3 1.5 4.0 11.3 16.5 25.6 27.5 24.7 21.5 10.2 2.9 0.8

26 0.3 1.4 4.5 10.8 16.6 26.8 28.1 24.5 21.5 8.9 2.6 1.3 27 0.1 1.2 5.2 11.3 17.4 27.7 28.2 23.5 21.2 8.1 2.5 1.5 28 0.1 1.4 5.1 11.7 17.6 28.7 27.7 23.5 20.2 7.9 3.3 1,4 29 0.1 3.6 11.8 18.1 28.8 27.3 24.2 19.7 7.6 5.7 1.9 30 0.3 3.3 12.0 18.5 28.7 27.4 24.4 19.0 7.5 7.9 2.3 31 0.2 3.7 19.2 27.7 24.4 7.8 2.1

MEAN 1.5 0.9 3.0 10.4 16.5 25.3 27.5 26.6 23.2 14.6 7.6 1.7 I.

I S-18- 1

Table 3

Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection specific water quality criteria for the Susquehanna River in the vicinity of the Susquehanna Steam Electric Station, 2005. 3

PARAMETER UNIT PERIOD CRITERIA AVERAGE Minimum Maximum I

Alkalinity as CaCO3 mglL 20 Ammonia Nitrogen mglL 4.56 Chloride mg/L 250 I Dissolved oxygen - mg/L August 1 - January 31 4.0 Daily Average 5.0 February 1 - July 31 5.0 Daily Average 6.0 I

Fluoride mg/L Daily 2.0 Iron Total mg/L 30-Day 1.5 Dissolved mg/L 0.3 I Manganese mg/L 1.0 ug/L 1000 I Nitrite plus Nitrate as N mg/L 10 pH 6.0 9.0 Sulfate mg/L 250 UI

Temperature C January 1-31 4.4 February 1-29 4.4 March 1-31 7.8 I April 1-15 11.1 April 16-30 14.4 I May 1-15 17.8 May 16-31 22.2 I, June 1-15 26.7 June 16-30 28.9 July 1-31 30.6 I August 1-15 30.6 August 16-31 30.6 September 1-15 28.9 I September16-30 25.6 October 1-15 22.2 October 16-31 18.9 I November 1-15 14.4 November 16-30 10.0 December 1-31 5.6 I

Total Dissolved Solids mg/L Monthly 750 500 a I Table 4

Water quality data collected quaheriy from the Susquehanna River and the Susquehanra SES blowdown, 2005. River sites were SSES (control) and Bell Bend (indicator). Analyses were performed by the PPL Chemical Laboratory, Hazieton, PA. N.D. = Not Detected

BLOW BELL BLOW BELL PARAMETER UNITS SSES DOWN BEND' SSES DOWN BEND

Date 2/24/2005 2/24/2005 2/24/2005 5/9/2005 5/9/2005 5/9/2005 Time 0815 0819 0825 0819 0820 0816 River level ft 493.1 489.1 Temperature C 1.5 17.5 1.5 14 19 14 Dissolved oxygen mg/L 14 9.2 14 10.8 8.5 11.2 pH. lab 7.65 8.63 7.61 8.63 8.85 8.62 Conductivity, lab jimho 225. 663 226 267 872 269 Total alkalinity mg/L 47 136 48 64 228 66 Phenolphthalein alkalinity mg/L 0 0 0 2 16 2 Total suspended solids mg/L 6.6 51.2 6.6 <1.0 21.5 3.5 Ammonia as N mg/L <0.10 <0.10 <0.10 <0.10 <0.10 <0.10 Silicon dioxide mg/L 5.05 16.25 5.09 0.5 5.1 0.5 as CaCO3 mg/L 57.3 166 58.6 73.2 239 75.6 Carbonate by calculation mg/L 0 0 0 2.4 19.2 2.4' Chloride mg/L 23.8 80.7 23.7 23.7 89.6 23.9 Fluoride mg/L <0.10 0.14 <0.10 <0.10 0.21 <0.10 Nitrate as N03 mg/L 3.5 12.4 3.5 1.7 7.3 1.8 Nitrate ion as N mg/L 0.8 2.8 0.8 0.4 1.6 0.4 Phosphorus as P04 mg/L 0.061 2.883 0.245 0.123 2.577 .0.061 Sulfate mg/L 19.2 59.7 21.3 25.7 88.4 25.9 Aluminum, dissolved ug/L N.D. N.D. N.D. N.D. <100 N.D. Aluminum, total ug/L 155 1110 143 <100 625 <100 Barium, total ugIL 27 88 27 23 107 23 , dissolved mg/L 21.4 65.2 21.3 27.8 99 28.2 Calcium, total mg/L 21.3 65.3 21.3 27.9 101 28 Copper, dissolved ug/L <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 N.D. Copper, total ug/L <10 <10 <10 N.D. <10 N.D. Iron, dissolved mTgL 0.1 0.28 0.09 0.13 0.47 0.16 mg/L 0.62 3.18 0.61 0.5 2.49 0.5 ,Iron, total dissolved mg/L 4.72 14 4.71 6.32 21.7 6.39 Magnesium, total mg/L 4.73 14.3 4.75 6.36 22.3 6.37 Manganese, dissolved ugIL 69 56 68 61 57 59 Manganese, total ug/L 75 199 75 88 223 88 Nickel, total ug/L N.D. <20 N.D. N.D. <20 N.D. Potassium, dissolved mg/IL 1.22 4.02 1.21 1.23 4.7 1.31 , total mg/L 1.21 4.08 1.23 1.27 4.83 1.32 I Silver, total ug/L N.D. N.D. N.D. N.D. N.D. N.D. , dissolved mgtL 13.7 45.7 13.7 14.1 54 14.3 Sodium, total mg/L 13.6 45.4 13.6 14.1 54.5 14.2 Strontium, total ug/L 74 229 75 101 355 101 Vanadium, total ug/L N.D. N.D. N.D. N.D. N.D. N.D. I Zinc, dissolved ug/I N.D. N.D. N.D, N.D. <20 N.D. Zinc, total ug/L N.D. <20 N.D. N.D. <20 <20 Beryllium, total ug/L N.D. N.D. N.D. N.D. N.D. N.D. I Cadmium, total II ug/L N.D. N.D. N.D. N.D. N.D. N.D. Chromium, total ug/L N.D. <10 N.D. N.D. N.D. N.D. Lead, total ug/t. N.D. <5 N.D. N.D. <5 N.D. Thallium, total ug/L N.D. N.D. N.D. N.D. N.D. N.D. Arsenic, total ug/L <1.0 2.2 <1.0 <1.0 1.8 <1.0 Selenium, total ug/L N.D. <1.0 N.D. N.D. <1.0 N.D. Antimony, total ug/L N.D. N.D. N.D. N.D. N.D. N.D. Total mineral solids mg/L 120.79 379.57 123.31 139.45 506.6 141.9 Calcium hardness (C) mg/L 53.4 162.8 53.2 69.4 247.2 70.4 I Total hardness (C) mg/L 72.7 222 72.7 95.9 344 96.1 "20-

Table 4 (cont.)

BLOW BELL BLOW BELL PARAMETER UNITS SSES DOWN BEND SSES DOWN BEND

Date 8/11/2005 8/11/2005 8/11/2005 11/17/2005 11/17/2005 11/17/2005 Time 0713 0750 0718 0757 0915 0802 River level ft 485.9 492.1 Temperature C 27 26.8 27.2 8.8 35V9* 8.7 Dissol'ed oxygen mg/L 7.4 6.8 7.3 10.4 6.9 10.2 pH, lab 8.03 8.77 8.13 7.64 8.63 7.69 Conductivity, lab iimho 467 1670 510 201 627 200 3 Total alkalinity mg/L. 82 206 87 50 163 50 Phenolphthalein alkalinity mg/L .0 13 0 0 7 0 Total suspended solids mg/L 9.5 27.2 11 8.6 67 9.1 Ammonia as N mg/L <0,10 <0.10 <0.10 <0.10 <0o10 <0.10 I Silicon dioxide mg/L 8 18 8.7 3.8 11.5 3.9 Bicarbonate as CaCO3 mg/L 100 220 106 61 182 61 Carbonate by calculation mg/L 0 15.6 0 0 8.4 0 Chloride mg/L 47.9 197 52.9 16.4 58.6 16.4 1 Fluoride mg/L <0.10 0.43 0.11 <0.10 <0.20 <0.10 Nitrate as N03 mg/L 0.6 8.3 0.9 2,1 7.7 2.1 Nitrate ion as N mg/L 0.1 1.9 0.2 0.5 1.7 0.5 Phosphorus as P04 mg/L. 0 Sulfate mg/L 69.7 1.442397 0,03180.3 0.24518.9 3.681'66.8 0.09218.9

Aluminum, dissolved ug/L N.D. N.D. N.D. N.D. N.D. N.D. Aluminum, total ug/L <100 253 <100 145 893 Barium, total ug/L 33 155 37 25 80 14426 Calcium, dissolved mg/L 40 160 44.1 21 70.4 21 Calcium, total mg/L 40.1 162 44.4 20.7 70.2 20.9 Copper, dissolved ug/L N.D. <10 N.D. N.D. <10 Copper, total ug/L N.D. <10 N.D. N.D. <10 N.D. Iron, dissolved mg/L 0.05 0.2 .0.05 0.1 0.33 0.1 Iron, total mg/L 0.64 1.7 0.7 0.53 2.86 0.54 Magnesium, dissolved mg/L 13.6 52.8 14.9 3.97 13.4 3.97 Magnesium, total mg/L 13. 53.5 15.1 3.95 13,7 3.98 Manganese, dissolved ug/L 6 24 4 41 34 75 Manganese, total ug/L 268 712 284 56 276 57 Nickel, total ug/L N.D. <20 N.D. N.D. <20 N.D. Potassium, dissolved mg/L. 2.57 11.1 2.87 1.59 4.47 1.55 Potassium, total mg/L 2.64 11.2 2.93 1.61 4.51 1.58 Silver, total ug/L N.D. N.D. N.D. N.D. N.D. N.D. Sodium, dissolved mg/L 28.5 116 31.4 10.1 35.1 10.1 Sodium, total mg/L 28.5 119 31.6 9.86 35.1 9.94 Strontium, total ug/L 236 922 260 66 231 66 Vanadium, total u4/I. N.D. <10 N.D. N.D. N.D. N.D. Zinc, dissolved I ug/L <20 <20 <20 <20 <20 <20 Zinc, total ug/L N.D. <20 N.D. <20 <20 <20

Beryllium, total ug/L <1 N.D. N.D. N.D. N.D. N.D. Cadmium, total I ug/L N.D. N.D. N.D. N.D. N.D. N.D. Chromium, total ug/L N.D. N.D. N.D. N.D. N.D. N.D. Lead, total ug/L N.D. N.D. N.D. N.D. <5 N.D. Thallium, total ug/L N.D. N.D. N.D. N.D. N.D. N.D. m Arsenic, total ug/L <1.0 3.8 <1.0 <1.0 4.5 <1.0 Selenium, total * ug/. N.D. N.D. N.D. N.D. N.D. N.D. Antimony, total ug/L N.D. N.D. N.D. N.D. N.D. N.D. Total mineral solids mg/L 260.07 1083.8 288.27 107.86 365.76 107.97 3 Calcium hardness (C) mg/L 99.9 399.5 110,1 52.4 175.8 52.4 Total hardness (C) mg/L 157 625 173 68 232 68.6 q Temperature measured unusually high due to sampler malfunction. I I I -21-

. I Table 5

Total iron concentrations from the Susquehanna River at the SSES-sampling site, 1973-2005. Samples were collected monthly from 1975 through 1998 and quarterly since 1997. Analyses were performed by the PPL Chemical Laboratory, Hazleton, PA.

NO. SAMPLES NO. SAMPLES % SAMPLES YEAR Collected <1.50 mg/L <1.50 mg/L ANNUAL MEAN

1975 12 2 16.7 3.55 1976 12 3 25.0 3.08 1977 11 5 45.5 1.71 1978 .12 5 41.7 1.48 1979 12 5 41.7 3.13

1980 12 5 41.7 1.74 1981 12 9 75.0 1.31 1982 12" 7 58.3 2.37 1983 11 6 54.5 1.41 1984 12 4 33.3 .1.71 1985 12 5 41.7 1.61 1986 12 .7 58.3 1.82 1987 12 8 66.7 1.96 1988 12 7 58.3 1.28 1989 12 9 75.0 1.45 1990 12 10 83.3 1.41 1991 12 10 83.3 0.98 I 1992 12 12 100.0 0.92 1993 12 8 66.7 1.55 1994 11 8 72.7 1.46 I 1995 12 12 100.0 0.89 1996 12 9 75.0 1.42 1997 4 4 100.0 0.55 I .1998 4 4 100.0 0.65 1999 4 4 100.0 0.60 2000 4 4 100.0 0.70 I 2001. 4 4 100.0 0.74 2002 4 4 100.0 0.62 2003 4 3 75.0 1.43 I 2004 4 3 75.0 0.94 U 2005 4 4. 100.0 0.57

I -22- I Table 6 4 Comparison of measured and calculated total mineral solids (tims) concentrations at Bell Bend on the Susquehanna River, 2005. Data from SSES and blowdown samples were mass balanced to calculate the Bell Bend concentration. I

DATE SSES BLOWDOWN BELL BEND DIFFERENCE II Flow tims Flow tms Measured Calculated tms % (cfs) (mg/L) (cfs) (mg/L) tims tms (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L)

24 Feb 17200 120.8 16.2 379.6 123.3 121.0 .2.3 1.8 9 May 9180 139.5 17.8 508.6 141.9 140.2 1.7 1.2 I 11 Aug 897 260.1 17.6 1083.8 288.3 276.0 12.3 4.3 17 Nov 26900 107.9 13.3 365.8 108.0 108.0 0.0 0.0 I

Table 7 Ii

Comparison of measured and calculated total mineral solids (tims) concentrations at Bell Bend on the Susquehanna River, 1991-2005. Data from SSES and blowdown samples were mass balanced to I calculate the Bell Bend concentration. U DATE SSES BLOWDOWN BELL BEND DIFFERENCE Flow tins Flow tms Measured Calculated tms % (cfs) (mg/L) (cfs) (mg/L) tins tIms (mg/L) (mg/IL.) (mg/L) U

1991 12600 197.3 14.6 711.8 203.7 200.9 2.8 1.4 I 1992 13400 155.3 7.5 600.3 156.4 155.6 0.8 0.5 1993 23700 202.8 13.1 636.2 204.4 204.4 0.0 0.0 1994 19200 174.9 13.9 660.9 175.3 175.9 -0.6 -0.3 I 1995 10200 196.7 12.9 643.9 198.8 199.3 -0.5 -0.3 1996 24000 151.8 19.5 438.4 152.6 152.5 0.1 0.1 1997 6490 239.0 16.9 787.7 248.6 242.3 6.3 2.5 I 1998 11200 242.2 19.2 649.3 247.9 245.6 2.3 0.9 1999 19300 181.6 14.8 594.8 182.8 183.0 -0.2 -0.1 I 2000 15000 190.6 15.8 632.7 193.8 192.5 1.3 0.7 2001 7190 180.2 20.8 572.5 183.9 184.3 -0.4 -0.2 2002 12200 136.2 17.7 523.4 142.5 137.9 4.6 3.2 I 2003 26900 131.3 18.7 459.0 132.5 132.3 0.2 0.2 2004 12200 134.1 18.3 446.6 136.3 134.7 1.6 1.2 2005 13500 157.0 16.2 583.9 165.4 161.3 4.1 2.5 I MEAN 16415 178.1 16.6 596.1 181.7 180.2 1.5 0.8 q I -23-

Table 8 Descriptions of electrofishing (EL) and seining (SN) sites at SSES and Bell Bend on the Susquehanna River, 2005.

SITE LOCATION

SSES (Control)

EL-1 East bank, 426 feet upriver from gas-line crossing to 1,082 feet upriver from a point opposite the center of the Susquehanna SES intake structure

EL-2 West bank from gas-line crossing to a point 820 feet upriver from the center of the Susquehanna I SES intake structure SN-I East bank, 1,837 feet upriver from a point opposite the center of the Susquehanna SES intake I structure (33 feet upriver from the mouth of Little Wapwallopen Creek) SN-2 West bank, 1,312.feet upriver from the center of the Susquehanna SES intake struicture (328 feet I downriver from the boat dock at the Susquehanna SES Environmental Laboratory) p BELL BEND (Indicator)

U EL-3 East bank, 1,279 feet downriver from a point opposite the Susquehanna SES intake structure to a point 1,640 feet upriver from the mouth of Wapwallopen Creek

EL-4 West bank, 1,246 feet downriver from the Susquehanna SES intake structure (558 feet downriver I from the discharge diffuser) toa point near the southeastern boundary of PPL's Nature Area

I SN-3 East bank, 8,528 feet (1.6 miles) downriver from a point opposite the Susquehanna SES intake structure, at the launching ramp of the Berwick Boat Club

SN-4 West bank, 4,264 feet (0.8 miles) downriver from the Susquehanna SES intake structure, near I the southeastern boundary of PPL's Wetlands Nature Area I I. I p I -24- 'I

Table 9 Fish species that were observed while electrofishing or collected by seining at SSES and Bell Bend on the' Susquehanna River, 2005. Names of fishes and order of listing conform to Nelson et at. (2004). I I COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME I Herrings Clupeidae Gizzard shad Dorosoma cepedianum I Carps and Minnows Cyprinidae Spotfin shiner Cyprinella spiloptera Common carp Cyprinus carpio I Comely shiner Notropis amoenus Spottall shiner Notropis-hudsonius Bluntnose minnow Pimephales notatus Fallfish Semotilus corporalis I Suckers Catostomidae Quillback Carpiodes cyprinus White sucker Catostomus commersonii Northern hog sucker Hypentelium nigricans I, Shorthead redhorse Moxostoma macrolepidotum

North American Catfishes Ictaluridae Yellow bullhead Ameiurus natalis Brown bullhead Ameiurus nebulosus Channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus

Pikes Esocidae Northern pike Esox lucius Muskellunge Esox masquinongy I Chain pickerel Esox niger I Trouts Salmonidae Brown trout Salmo trutta

Sunfishes Centrarchldae I Rock bass Ambloplites rupestris Redbreast sunfish Lepomis auritus . Green sunfish Lepomis cyane/lus I Pumpkinseed Lepomis gibbosus Bluegill Lepomis macrochirus Smallmouth bass Micropterusdolomieu I Perches Percidae Tessellated darter Etheostoma olmstedi Banded darter Etheostoma zonate I Yellow perch Perca flavescens Walleye Sander vitreus I 91 I M m--i-- m ------Ir -

Table 10

Number, mean, and percent total of fish observed while electrofishing at SSES on the Susquehanna River, 2005.

SPECIES 28 Apr 15 Jun 13 Jul, 10 Aug 31 Oct OVERALL

East West Mean %Total East West Mean %Total East West Mean %Total East West Mean• %Total East West Mean %Total Mean % Total

Gizzard shad 0 1.0 3.6 0 0.0 0.0 0 1 0.5 1.1 0 0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.8 Common carp 0 2.0 7.1 0 0.0 0.0 1 1 1.0 2.2 0 0 0.0 0.0 1 0 0.5 4.5 0.7 1.8 Fallfish 0 0.0 0.0 1 0.5 1.2 10 2 1.0 2.2 0 0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0.0- 0.3 0.8 12 Ouillback 8.5 30.4 2 5.0 11.9 10 14 12.0 26.7 "11 1 6.0 8.2 1 1- 1.0 9.1 6.5 16.3 White sucker 0 1.5 5., 0 0.0 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0.0 - 0.3 0,8 16 Northern hog sucker 0 0.0 0.0 7 6.0 14.3 3 7 5.0 11.1 6 22 14.0 19.0 0 0 0.0 0.0 5.0 12.5 Shorthead redhorse 16 8.5 30.4 1 4.5 10.7 2 0 1.0 2.2 -16 2 9.0 12.2 3 0 1.5 13.6 4.9 12.3 Sucker spp. 0 0.0 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0.0 2 0 1.0 1.4 0 -0 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.5 1 Yellow bullhead 0 0.0 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 0 0.5 1.1 0 0 0.0 0,0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.3 Channel catfish 0 0.0 0.0 1 1.0 2.4 3 1 2.0 4.4 1 4 2.5 3.4 0 0 0.0 0.0 1.1 2.8 Northern pike 0 0.0 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0.0 1 0 0.5 4.5 .0.1 0.3 Muskellunge 1 0.5 1.8. 0 2.0 4.8 0 0 0.5 1.1 0 0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.6 - 1.5 Pike spp. 0 .0.0 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 0 .0 0.0 0.0 0 2 1.0 1.4 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.5 Brown trout 1 0.5 1.8 0 0.0 0.0 0. 0.0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.3 Rock bass 0 0.0 0.0 8 7.5 17.9 3 12 7.5 16.7 2 4 3.0 4.1 0 o 0.0 0.0 3.6 9.0 Redbreast sunfish 0 0.0 0.0 0 0.5 1.2 1 1 1.0 2.2 0 0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.8 Pumpkinseed 0 0.0 0.0 1 0.5 112 0 1 0.5 *1.1 0 0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0:0 0.0 0.2 0.5 Btuegill 0 0.0 0.0 3 1.5 3.6 1 4 . 2.5 5.6 1 0 0.5 0.7 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.9 2.3 Smallmouth bass 2 1.5 5.4 4 5.5 13.1 4 2 3.0 6.7 18 28 23.0 31.3 4 1 2.5 22.7 7.1 17.8 Sunfish spp. 0 0.0 0.0 4 2.0 4.8 3 1 2.0 4.4 0 2 1.0 1.4 0 0 0.0 0.0 1.0. 2.5 *Walleye 2 1.0 3.6 1 2.0 4.8 2 0 1.0 2.2 6 7 6.5 8.8 -5 1 3.0 27.3 2.7 - 6.8 Fish (unidentified) 5 3.0 10.7 4 3.5 8.3 4 4 4.0 8.9 6 6 6.0 8.2 3 1 2.0 18.2 3.7 -9.3

TOTAL 40 16 28.0 47 37 42.0 39 51 45.0 . 69 78 73.5 18 4 11.0 39.9

TOTAL 40 16 28.0 47 37 42.0 39 51 45.0 . 69 78 73.5 18 4 11.0 39.9 Table 11

Number, mean, and percent total of fish observed while electrofishing at Bell Bend on the Susquehanna River, 2005:

SPECIES 28 Apr 15 Jun 13 Jul 10Aug 31 Oct OVERALL

East West Mean %Total East West Mean %Total East West Mean %Total East West Mean %Total East West Mean %Total Mean % Total

Gizzard shad 0 1 0.5 1.0 0 0.0 0.0 0 0. 0.0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.2 Common carp 10 7 8.5 16U8 0 0.5 1.5 4 •1 .2.5 8.1 0 3 1.5 2.1 1 0 0.5 2.1 2.7 6.4 4.0 Fallfish 3 1 2.0 1 0.5 1.5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0.0 1 1 1.0 4.3 0.7 1.7 Quillback 6 32 19.0 37.6 0 2.0 6.1. 9 0 4.5 14.5 4 5 4.5 6.2 1 1 1.0 4.3 6.2 14.7 White sucker 2 2 2.0 4.0 0 0.5 1.5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0.0 1 0 0.5 2.1 0.6 1.4 1 Northern hog sucker 0 0.5 1.0 0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0 3 1.5 2.1 1 0 0.5 2.1. 0.5 1.2 Shorthead redhorse 2 1 1.5 3.0 0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0 .0 0.0 0.0 1 1 1.0 4.3 0.5 1.2 Sucker spp. 0 0 0.0 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 0 1 0.5 1.6 0 0 0:0 0.0 2 .0 1.0 4.3 0.3 0.7 Brown bullhead 0 0 0.0 0.0 1 0.5 1.5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.2 Channel catfish 0 0 0.0 0.0 1 0.5 1.5 1 0 0.5 1.6 ..I 1 1.0 1.4 0 1 0.5 2.1 0.5 1.2 Northern pike 0 1 0.5 1.0 0 0.5 1.5 0 0 0.0 0.0 *0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.5 0 Musketlunge 0 3. 1.5 3.0 0 0.0 0.0 0 0. 0.0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0.0 I 1 1.0 4.3 0.5 1.2 Chain pickerel 0. 0 0.0 0.0 1 0.5 1.5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0 0 .0.0 0.0 0.1 0.2 Pike spp. 1 0 0.5 1.0 1 0.5 1.5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0 0 .0.0 0.0 0 0 0.0. 0.0 0.2 0.5 Rock bass 2 3 2.5 5.0 9 7.0 21.2 8 4 6.0 19.4 3 6 4.5 6.2 1 0 0.5 2.1 4.1 9.7 *. Redbreast sunfish 0 0 0.0 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 1 0 0.5 1.6 0 0.5 0.7 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.5 M) Green sunfish 0 0 .0.0 0.0 0 0.5 1.5 1 0 0.5 1.6 2 0 1.0 1.4 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.4 0.9 Bluegill 0 0 0.0 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 2 2 2.0 6.5 5 1 3.0 4.1 0 0 0.0 0.0 1.0 2.4 Smallmouth bass 8 4 6.0 11.9 11 10.0 30.3 5 6 5.5 17.7 41 33 37.0 50.7 5 13 .9.0 38.3 13.5 32.0 Sunfish spp. 0 0 0.0 0.0 4 2.5 *7-6 4 4 4.0. 12.9 7 4 5.5 7.5 0 -2 1.0 4.3 2.6 6.2 Yellow perch 0 0 0.0 0.0+ 0 0.0 0.0 0 1 0.5 1.6 0 0 0.0 0.0 -0 1- 0.5 2.1 0.2 0.5 Walleye 1 2 1.5 3.0 6 3.5 10.6 2 0 1.0 3.2 5 6 5.5 7.5 2 6 4.0 17.0 3.1 7.3 Fish (unidentified) 6 2 4.0 7.9 2 3.5 10.6 4 2 3.0 9.7 5 10 7.5 - 10.3 0 3 1.5 6.4 3.9 9.2

TOTAL 42 59 50.5 29 37 33.0 41 21 31.0 74 72 73.0 17 30 23.5 42.2

Sa - - - m £ - -I m m M-- OA I -27- b Table 12

Number, mean, and percent total of fish captured by seining at SSES and Bell Bend on the Susquehanna River, 2005.

I SPECIES 15 Jun 30 Aug OVERALL I East West Mean % Total East West Mean % Total Mean % Total SSES

Spotfin shiner 24 2 13.0 13.5 4 22 13.0 45.6 13.0 20.9 I Comely shiner 1 0 0.5 0.5 0 0 0.0" 0.0 0.3 0.4 Spottail shiner 25 41 33.0 34.4 1 9 5.0 17:5 19.0 30.5 Bluntnose minnow 2 9 5.5 5.7 0 1 0,5 .1.8 3.0 4.8 Falifish 8 0 .4.0 4.2 0 0 0.0 0.0 2.0 3.2 I White sucker 35 26 30.5 31.8 0 .0 0.0 0.0 15.3 24.5 Northern pike 0 1 0.5 0.5 0 0 0:0 0.0 0.3 0.4 Muskellunge 1 1 1.0 1.0 0 1 0.5 1.8 0.8 1.2 Rock bass 0 1 0.5 0.5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.4 Bluegill 0 0 - 0.0 0.0 5 10 7,5 26.3 3.8 6.0 I Smallmouth bass 3 6 4.5 .4.7 3 0 1.5 5.3 3.0 4.8 Tessellated darter 0 3 1.5 1.6 0 1 0.5 1.8 1.0 1.6 Banded darter 1 0 0.5 0.5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.4 I Walleye 0 2 1.0 1.0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.5 0.8 TOTAL 100 92 96.0 13 44 28.5 62.3 I BELL BEND Spotfin shiner 0 14 7.0 3.5 171 50 110.5 89.1 58.8 36.3 Comely shiner 0 1 0.5 0.3 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.2 Spottail shiner 13 22 17.5 8.8 3 9 6.0 4.8 11.8 7.3 9 Bluntnose minnow 29 9 19.0 9.5 2 2 2.0 1.6 10.5 6.5 Quillback 4 1 2.5 1.3 0 0 0.0 0.0 1.3 0.8 White sucker 94 179 136.5 68.3 0 0 .0.0 0.0 68.3 42.1 Rock bass 0 1 0.5 0.3 0 3 .1.5 1.2 1.0 0.6 I Bluegill. 0 0 0.0 0.0 0 4 2.0 1.6 1.0 0.6 Smallmouth bass 5 6 5.5 2.8 2 0 1.0 0.8 3.3 2.0 Tessellated darter 4 6 5.0 2.5 0 1 0.5 0.4 2.8 1.7 Banded darter 0 2 1.0 0.5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.5 0.3 Yellow perch 0 0 0.0 0.0 0 1 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 I Walleye 4 6 5.0 2.5 0 0 0.0 0.0 2.5 1.5 I TOTAL 153 247 200.0 178 70 124.0 162.0 I I I I 9 I -28- I

Table 13

P-values for fish species deemed significant by the BACI analysis,.1 976-2005 I associated with the four temporal (a 0.05). Columns depict the p-values categories of data analyzed; All Data represents all months sampled, Summer Data denotes samples collected from June through October; annual dates U represent the beginning operation of SSES (ns indicates that a species was not I, significant in that data set).

ALL DATA SUMMER ALL DATA, SUMMER DATA I SPECIES 1982 DATA 1985 1982 1985 I I I 0.002 Quillback 0.010 0.002 0.014 I 4 1 4. 1 White sucker 0.042 ns 0.042 ns I Norther n hog sucker 0.002 0.020 0.009 0.037 <0.001 Shorthead redhorse <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 II Brown bullhead*4 0.005 0.046 0.015 0.067 U Muskellunge 0.001 0.006 0.004 0.006

Rock bass 0.006 0.018 0.003 0.012 i Smallmouth bass 0.058 0.004 0.057 .0.005

Unidentified fish 0.018 <0.001 0.024 0.002

*Brown bullhead numbers increased at Bell Bend relative to those collected at SSES. I I I I U I I -29-

I

GAS-LINE CROSSING I SUSQUEHAN.NA STEAM ELECTRIC STATION 3 SPRAY EL SUSOUEIIANNA SES ; - SSES I (CONTROL) LITTLE I CREEK COOLING I TOWERS I DISCHARGE NORTH

SAMPLING SITES

ELECTROFISHING SEINING I EEL WALLS I 0 WATER QUALITY 0 984

FEET BELL I SN-4 BEND (INDICATOR) I

WAPWALLOPEN I CREEK

I SN-3

I Fig. 1

Sampling sites for water quality, electrofishing (EL), and seining (SN) at SSES and Bell Bend on 2005. Ib the Susquehanna River, I! -30- I

55 RIVER FLQW, 2005 -1961-2004 d 45 I 35 I C) 25 10 I 15 10 .I• 5 0 I: JAN FEB MAR. APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC Fig. 2 I The 2005 monthly mean .flow of the Susquehanna River at the Susquehanna SEP Environmental Laboratory compared to the forty-four year (1961-2004) mean.' The means were calculated from U.S. Geological Survey and Environmental Laboratory data. I 4 8 RIVER VOLUME 7

6

x 5 I :3~ a 4 I 3 I 2 1961 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 00 2005 i Fig. 3 Volume of Susquehanna River flow at the Susquehanna SES Environmental Laboratory, 1961-2005. The volumes were calculated from U.S. Geological Survey and Environmental I Laboratory data.

I Attachment 16 to PLA-6219 Meiser and Earl, Inc. .Backup Water Supply, Hydrogeologic Feasibility Analysis. October 26, 2000

(NRC Document Request 54) MEISER &EARL, INC. Hydrogeologists Phone 814-234-0813 1512 W. COLLEGE AVENUE FAX 814-234-1693 E-Mail [email protected] I'. STATE COLLEGE, PENNSYLVANIA 16801•

October 26,2000 RECEIVED

Mr. Joe Nachtwey. [OCT 2 7O20 PPL Susquehanna, LLC ENVIRONMENTAL Two North Ninth Street, Mail Stop AI-2 SERVICES Allentown, PA 18101-11179

Re: Backup water supplyfor Susquehanna Steam Electric Station, Berwick; PA

Dear Mr. Nachtwey:•

Enclosed are two copies of my ground-water feasibility study for the Susquehanna Steam Electric Station (SSES) in Berwick, PA. This work was done to satisfy the Phase I portion of our proposal to you' dated October 19, 1999 and revised on September 6, 2000. 1 have also sent a copy of the report to Jerry Fields.

If you have any questions concerning this report, please contact me. We look forward to assisting PPL in developing additional sources of ground water.

Sincerely,

Thomas A. Earl, Ph.D., P.G. Attachments

GROUND-WATER GEOLOGY * ENGINEERING GEOLOGY * GROUND-WATER GEOCHEMISTRY Hydrogeologic Feasibility Analysis for Backup Water Supply

Susquehanna Steam Electric Station

Berwick, Pennsylvania

October 26, 2000 I#*

Thomas A. Earl, Ph.D., P.G.

U

MEISER & EARL, INC. Hydrogeologists

3 1512 W.COLLEGE AVENUE, STATE COLLEGE, PENNSYLVANIA 16801 Phone:814-234-081 FAX:814-234-1693 E-mail: wetrodw@aoLcm.. INTRODUCTION.

Purpose and Scope

The Susquehanna Steam Electric Station (SSES) in Berwick, PA relies in part on ground water for its water supply source. The purpose of this study and report is to determine the feasibility of developing a backup ground-water supply of approximately 150 gallons per minute (gpm), which would be able to replace the present supply, Well TW-2. This is a shallow, screened well located immediately north of the plant. The desired new supply well or wells would be developed on the SSES property, and would be derived preferably from a different aquifer than the glacial system in which TW-2 is developed. There are several constraints on where any new. water supply can be developed for the SSES, including: the need to stay outside the security perimeter, but within the SSES property; the initial goal of staying west of US Routel 1; the thickness and lateral extent of glacial deposits; the location of existing facilities such as buildings, overhead and underground utilities outside the secured area; and the proximity to existing wells. The scope became somewhat wider than originally expected when I recently learned of the existence of one or more screened test wells on the plain east of US Route 1.1; I reviewed these wells during a second site visit.

Method of Investigation

To complete this investigation, I did the following: 1) reviewed two Dames and Moore reports on the existing wells, and a three-volume Final Safety Analysis Report; 2) assembled and reviewed all published reports on the site geology done by the Pennsylvania Geologic Survey; 3) reviewed aerial photographs of the site area; and 4) met with Jerry Fields twice at the site to inspect the site and surrounding area, and to look for the test. wells along the Susquehanna River. HYDROGEOLOGIC SETTING

Glacial Geologv

The SSES site was covered with a glacial ice sheet several times during the Pleistocene Epoch (Williams & Eckhardt, 1987), beginning about 500,000 years ago. The last ice advance was about 15,000 years ago, and this ice sheet deposited a variety of sediments both beneath it and adjacent to it as it advanced then melted and receded. The direction of ice movement was S70W near the SSES site, as shown by striations on exposed bedrock (Inners, 1978). The glacial till which was pushed into place beneath the ice typically is very poorly sorted, ranging in size from clay to boulders, and does not serve as an aquifer. The material that washed off the glacier as it melted is usually and gravel, which is capable of storing and yielding usable quantities of ground water.

The thickness of the glacial deposits at the SSES site has been determined by several generations of test drilling done for the plant construction, and ranges from less than ten feet to over 100 feet. Most of the glacial deposits are less than about 30 feet thick, with the only known area of thick 'deposits being along a buried valley located just: north of the plant; TW-2 is drilled in this area.

The bedrock beneath the glacial deposits at the SSES site is all part of the Mahantango Formation (see Figure 1), which consists of claystone and shaly limestone. top Th'is formation is about 1500 feet thick (Inners). The SSES site is located close to the of this formation, so nearly the full thickness underlies the plant property. The upper 10- 40 feet of bedrock tend to be more weathered than the deeper bedrock, although there are joints and bedding planes in the upper 200-300 feet through which ground water can move. These discontinuities close up with depth due to the weight of the overlying material, so yield decreases with depth.

Structural Geology

* The bedding planes in the Mahantango Formation are inclined, or dip, to the north at about 10-20* beneath the site. The strike, or direction of a horizontal line on a bedding plane, is generally east-northeast in the site area. The bedrock layers between the Susquehanna River and the ridge north of the site have been folded into an anticline, or upfold, whose axis trends east-northeast and is located about 4000 feet north of the Susquehanna River and about:3000 feet south of the SSES site. to The joints that cut through the bedrock occur in sets that are oriented parallel the strike, perpendicular to strike, and at an angle to the strike. The most prominent joint set near the site is the dip joints, which are oriented N15-25W, with steep to verticaldips (Inners). The joints are important because they comprise the main avenues for movement of ground water in rocks such as the Mahantango Formation, which has little primary porosity. However, The typical spacing for joints in the Mahantango is 1-3 feet (Inners). in all rock types there can be zones of increased fracturing where the joint spacing becomes much closer, and the movement of ground water is correspondingly enhanced. These zones of fracture concentration can be detected on aerial photographs as "fracture traces", which are photolinear features that usually directly overlie vertical zones of increased fracturing in the bedrock. Fracture traces can be used even where there is some glacial overburden. I examined several sets of photographs of the site area to see if fracture traces would be useful for selecting bedrock well locations. Several rather faint fracture traces are visible on each set of photographs, but I saw no prominent examples.

Potential Auifeis

There are three sources from which ground water can be developed at the SSES site; I) the glacial deposits on the site, 2) the flood plain deposits along the Susquehanna River and 3) the underlying bedrock of the Mahantango Formation.

10/26/00 smrepa. 2 The extensive drilling data available from the various reports supplied to me indicate that the only, likely area where the glacial deposits are thick enough and well- sorted enough to comprise a usable aquifer i's the east-west trending, buried valley north of the plant, in Which TW-1 and TW-2 were drilled. The investigations done by Dames and Moore in 198,6 and 1993 strongly suggest that this aquifer is probably fully utilized and should not be considered for further well drilling, especially for a large redundant supply. It may be possible to pump additional quantities on a short-term basis, however, and a program of mionitoring ground-water levels may be appropriate to justify this.

South of the plant itself there is an area where there has been little drilling done, since there was no geotechnical data needed for construction, but where there is some indication that the sand and gravel may be thick enough to extend below the water table. However, it would require an extensive drilling program to confirm whether this outwash deposit was extensive enough and contained sufficient saturated thickness to be .... considered for ground-water development. The thickness of the glacial outwash in this area is suggested by the exposed sand and gravel in the pit along the township road parallel to US Route 11, just south of the SSES property line.

The second possible source of ground water available to the SSES facility is the flood plain sediments along the Susquehanna River. This aquifer was considered during plant construction in 1973, when there was hope that a series of Ranney collector wells could be developed capable of supplying all the plant water needs of some 80 million gallons per day (mgd). Four test wells were drilled along the river, but only one well showed promise of yielding up to 10 mgd if reconstructed as a collector well. This test well had a 48-hour pumping test run at about 400 gpm, following which the well was capped and it remains in place today. The well should be evaluated as a possible supply.

The third source of ground water is the Mahantango Formation beneath the glacial overburden. This geologic unit has generally "Poor to fair aquifer potential..." (Inners), and often only can supply a few gpm to wells drilled to depths of 200 feet. Wells located on fracture zones, or intersections of fracture zones, can yield up to perhaps 50 gpm, but the relatively low porosity of this rock, especially below the weathered zone, means that wells would need to be spaced fairly far apart to avoid drawdown interference during long-term pumping. Should it be possible to find three wells having yields of 50 gpm, I estimate that these wells pumping 150. gpm would need a ground-watershed of perhaps •300 acres or more to provide the long-term recharge potential for such a sustained withdrawal. The area for development of bedrock wells should also be located at some distance from the present well field, since the alluvial aquifer and the ground water in the bedrock are part of the same flow system, and pumping from TW-2 in the glacial aquifer may be causing some water to be removed from the bedrock in response to changes in hydraulic gradient. 0

• vr .... 10/26/00v Directions of Ground-water Flow

The glacial overburden is only saturated with ground water along the overdeepened buried valley near TW-2, and the water table in this aquifer has been measured in several test wells. The directions of ground-water flow in this aquifer are to the east, along the trend of the valley and toward the flood plain of the Susquehanna River.

In the bedrock there is less information, especially'in the southern portion of the site, however a June 1971 map (PP&L, 1999) shows the ground-water contours closely following the topography in the central portion of the site. The general flow directions are to the east, although I expect that further south on the site the flow will turn to the south, toward the river, which is the regional ground-water discharge zone.

Ground-water Quality in Glacial and Bedrock Aquifers

The stated goal of a non-potable water supply allows somewhat.more flexibility. in prospecting for ground water, :however there may be constraints on the amount of treatment that PPL wishes to undertake for unforeseen future uses. The ground water in the Mahantango Formation tends to have elevated iron approaching 1.part per million W (ppm), and may also contain hydrogen sulfide, which causes a*characteristic "rotten-egg" smell (Newport, 1977).

The ground water within the glacial overburden is typically softer than that from the bedrock, but it also tends to have similarly elevated iron (Williams & Eckhardt; PP&L). Furthermore, the fact that it is near the surface and is in permeable sand and gravel deposits means that there is a much higher risk of contamination in the glacial aquifer from surface spills.

The ground water in the flood plain deposits as sampled during the 1973 drilling program was low in total dissolved solids but high in iron, with a reported value of over 3 ppm. The adjacent river water during the pumping test had about 1 ppm of iron.

RESULTS OF INVESTIGATION

Conceptual Discussion

There are several non-geologic aspects to the development of a second water supply for the SSES that figure. into the decision about how to proceed. These include the feasibility of relatively long runs of piping and wiring that would be needed to connect multiple wells that must be located some distance away from the pump station and also from each other, to avoid interference. The possibility of developing the old Ranney test well C (see Figure 1) located north of the Ecology III lab on the flood plain

...... 4 10/26/00 SCSM- introduces the need to convey water acro ss US Route II and the railroad right-of-,way, which has apparently been done in the past only for emergencies. the site.area The water quality in any of the three possible aquifers available in would may be generally suitable for some anticipated uses, but the expected high iron most likely require -treatment. The flood plain sediments and the glacial deposits are both shallow and therefore more at risk for ground-water contamination imposed by various land uses nearby, when compared to the bedrock aquifer.

Target Aquifer&

The only known aquifer that could be developed beneath the SSES property itself is the bedrock of the Mahantango Formation. Prospecting for ground water in this setting would require a detailed analysis of aerial photographs to map fracture traces. Wells drilled on such features generally have significantly higher yield than randomly located wells. The dominant orientation of the fracture traces mapped by Inners on the Berwick had USGS quadrangle was north-northwest, and the aerial photographs I examined all fracture traces trending north-northwest. The fracture zones implied by these photolinear features would have preferential areas of pumping influence that are similarly oriented.

Existing Wells

The possibility should be investigated of testing and perhaps using the remaining Ray screened test well that was left over from the Ranney well exploration program. Mr. McNamara (personal communication).recalled that this well (Site C) was left in place documents because it was the only one with significant yield, and this was borne out by that I subsequently reviewed provided by Jerome Fields from the PP&L archives. The be original pumping test suggested that the yield was 400-500 gpm, which would sufficient for the stated purposes.

CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

Existing -Wells flood plain If access across the railroad and US Route 11 is feasible, so that the be to run test well at Site C could be considered, we recommend that the first step would a borehole video survey of the well bore to check for any corrosion or other deterioration that might have occurred in the last 27 years. This well should then be test pumped at several hundred gpm and sampled for water quality, to see if this well could provide sufficient quantity and suitable-quality water for production purposes. PPL should in this consider whether it could feasibly treat the expected 3-4 ppm of iron that was seen well in 1973.

5 10/26/00 bsumpt...... e A remote-reading, level-monitoring program could be instituted for TW-2, and perhaps some surrounding observation wells, to see if Somewhat higher pumping rates could be used on either a short-term or long-term basis without causing adverse dewatering impacts. This would follow the findings of the Dames & Moore ground- water model (Dames & Moore, 1993).

Test Drilling

The PPL staff should consider the advantages and disadvantages of drilling three or four test wells into the bedrock on the southern portion of the SSES site. There is a high likelihood that the yield of each bedrock well. will be only 50 gpm at the most, so it may take several wells to achieve the desired total yield. Furthermore, the ground- watershed necessary to supply 150 gpm of long-term yield to wells in this formation would probably be at least 300 acres at the expected rate of average annual ground-water recharge, and it does not appear that this much area is available on the SSES property close to the pump station. Furthermore, the area that should be considered for any bedrock well development should be as far as possible from the present alluvial aquifer along the north side of the plant, to avoid impacting the flow system in the bedrock near the alluvial aquifer. Although not proven as a contributor to the yield of the alluvial wells, there was enough uncertainty raised by the Dames & Moore work about the possibility of some ground water coming out of the buried bedrock valley walls into the that I suggest this flow system be preserved.

6 10/26/0() £

REFERENCES

Dames & Moore. 1986. Environmental / feasibility Study for ground-water supply. PP&L's Susquehanna Steam Electric Station. Pennsylyania Power & Light Company. Sept. 24, 1986. 21 p.

1993. Aquifer performance and evaluation study for groundvater supply. Susquehanna Steam Electric Station. Pennsylvania Power & light Company, Berwick, Pennsylvania. February 11, 1993. 17 p.

Inners, J.D. 1978. Geology and mineral resources of the Berwick quadrangle, Luzerne and Columbia Counties, Pennsylvania. Pennsylvania Topographic and Geologic Survey. Atlas 174c. 34 p.

MacNamara, Ray. 2000.personal communication. October 18, 2000.

Newport, T.G. 1977. Summary ground-water resources of Luzeme County, Pennsylvania. Pennsylvania Topographic and Geologic Survey. Water Resource Report 40. 63 p.

PP&L. 1999. Final Safety Analysis Report. Volumes 2,3,4.

Williams, J.14. & D.A. Eckhardt. 1987. Groundwater resources of the Berwick- Bloomsburg-Danville area, east-central Pennsylvania. Pennsylvania Topographic and Geologic Survey. Water Resource Report 61. 76 p.

10/26/01 ss,,rep,.ta 7 0 FIGURE 1 Site Features Map P'PL - Susquehanna Steam Electric Station Salem Township, Luzeme County, PA

Flood Plain

I a

Test Well "C",

.t4

l1

-sible Bedr•ck Well o l

.-4, -. v.

SAHANTANG0- . FORMATIONI i~ILI

From: USGS 7.5-Min. Berwick, Pennsylvania MEIJSER & EARL, INC. HYDROGEOLOGISTS Phone: (814) 234-0813 doI Quadrangle, 1955, PR 1989. 1512 West College Avenue FAX: (814) 234-1693 State College, PA 16801 E-Mail: [email protected] Attachment 17 to PLA-6219 PreparednessPrevention and Contingency (PPC) Plan, Attachment 22A, Revision 9

(NRC Document Request 55) PPC Plan Section 22 / Revision 9

* 22.0 POLLUTION INCIDENT HISTORY

22.1 Pollution Incident Table

The table in Attachment 22A has been established to record all significant pollution incidents. These are incidents that had the potential of endangering human health or the environment and required the immediate notification of the PA DEP, U.S. EPA, etc. NPDES noncompliances are not considered to be significant pollution incidents. The Pollution Incident Table includes the following:

1. Pollution incident description 2. The date 3. The material or waste spilled 4. The approximate amount spilled 5. The environmental damage 6. The action taken to prevent a recurrence

22.2 Spill Event Log

Attachment 22B is a log sheet that can be used for recording the steps that were taken to respond to and clean up a spill. The information on this form can then be used for follow-up reports and resolutions, for providing information to outside agencies, and for updating the pollution incident table.

22-1 Attachment 22A PPC Plan Section 22 / Revision 9

MATERIAL ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION TO PREVENT POLLUTION INCIDENT DATE SPILLED AMOUNT DAMAGE RECURRENCE

Chromate spill from Aug. 14-18,1980 Disodium 168 lbs. Determined by DER to be 1. Locked valves. residual heat exchanger Chromate insignificant. eventually to the S-1 and 2. No longer have S-2 sedimentation Disodium Chromate and Lake Took-a-While. onsite.

Chlorine spilled into storm Nov. 18,1981 Sodium 36.5 lbs. (much Insignificant (below the 1. Alarms installed. drain instead of cooling Hypochlorite less than originally 100-lb. reportable quantity tower basin from clarified expected) established by the Clean 2. Annunciators installed. water tank. Water Act).

Caustic spill from piping Feb. 5,1986 Sodium Hydroxide 396 lbs. Spill material was below 1. PVC Pipe that associated with a 1,000-lb. reportable ruptured was replaced circulating water chemical quantity. Material was with stainless steel treatment system. cleaned up and disposed pipe that should not of. The Pa DER was rupture. notified.

Oil spill from tank being Sept. 5,1986 Oil 40 lbs. Oil was spilled on road 1. Tanks will be cleaned transported offsite. surface. Spilled material out prior to transport. was absorbed and cleaned up. No environmental damage occurred.

Oil leaked from a PCB Feb. 23,1987 PCB Oil 0.10 gallon Oil leaked into Panel and 1. The Topaz Inverter Capacitor on the HPCI Topaz Inverter. Because was removed and Topaz Inverter. oil contained PCB's, the replaced. EPA was notified. No environmental damage occurred.

22A-1 Attachment 22A PPC Plan Section 22 / Revision 9

MATERIAL ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION TO PREVENT POLLUTION INCIDENT DATE SPILLED AMOUNT DAMAGE RECURRENCE

Oil spill from temporary March 7, 1988 Non-PCB Approximately Tank fell off flatbed trailer- 1. Tank trucks are not storage tank containing Transformer Oil 1,000 gallons on east side of LLRWH used for temporary oil Unit 2 "B"Main Step-up Facility contaminating storage. Transformer oil. stone-covered area and underlying soil. Oil was prevented from reaching nearby rock spillway and drainage.

Sulfuric acid leaked from August 7, 1988 Diluted Sulfuric 1,700 gallons of Acid leaked from a pipe 1. Sulfuric acid is no an acid injection line Acid (1.0 to 2.5%) concentrated acid flange into the soil longer used for between the with 68,000 reaching the Peach Stand circulating water Acid/Chlorination Building gallons of water Pond via surface water treatment. and the Unit 1 Cooling drainage. Some dilute Tower. acid reached Lake Took- A-While but caused no observable environmental damage. Soil was neutralized quickly. Some was landfilled. The pH of runoff was monitored and neutralized. PP&L notified PaDER which inspected the spill area.

A 1,000 volt capacitor Feb. 1, 1989 PCB oil Approximately- 1 lb. Spill confined to the panel 1. PCB capacitors. in ruptured in the Unit 2 Vital (1 pint) and adjacent walls and panel replaced by uninterruptible power floor of one room. No non-PCB capacitors. supply electrical panel. environmental damage.

22A-2 Attachment 22A

- PPC Plan Section 22 / Revision 9

MATERIAL ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION TO PREVENT POLLUTION INCIDENT DATE SPILLED AMOUNT DAMAGE RECURRENCE

2. Similar PCB equipment scheduled for changeout. A surge capacitor Feb. 7, 1989 PCB oil Approximately Spill confined to the box 1. PCB capacitors in ruptured in a Unit 1 3 lbs. (1 quart) and nearby floor in a junction box replaced condensate pump motor limited access room. No by non-PCB junction box.. environmental damage. capacitors.

Two 1000-volt capacitors August 15, 1989 PCB oil Approximately Spill confined to the box 1. PCB:capacitors in ruptured in the Unit 2 Vital 3 lbs. (1 quart) and nearby floor in a junction box-replaced uninterruptable power limited access room. No by non-PCB supply electrical panel. environmental damage. capacitors.

Sulfuric acid leaked from January 31, 1990 Diluted sulfuric 50 gallons Acid contaminated soil in 1. More guidance will be sump drain pipe damaged acid excavation pit. Liquid was provided during future during excavation. pumped out and excavations onsite. surrounding soil was neutralized and placed in 55-gallon drum.

Diesel fuel spilled from June 20, 1991 Diesel fuel oil #2 150 gallons Fuel leaked onto driveway Storage tank permanently tank in groundskeeping and into grass-covered removed from garage. contractor storage garage area adjacent to near U.S. Route 11. pavement. Contaminated soil was excavated and placed in rolloffs.

22A-3 Attachment 22A PPC Plan Section 22 /Revision 9

MATERIAL ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION TO PREVENT POLLUTION INCIDENT DATE SPILLED AMOUNT DAMAGE RECURRENCE

The canal adjacent to the August, 1991 Copper sulfate Not documented 47 fish were killed. Algae and weed cohtrol recreational pond was will be performed earlier in treated with copper sulfate the season, to permit the- in order to control weed use of less copper sulfate. and algae growth. An unintentional overdose of copper sulfate was used.

A drum of surplus de-icing August 25, 1994 50% ethylene 520 lb. None. However, at the The seams of the berm solution failed and glycol solution time of the spill, ethylene were refurbished. discharged ethylene glycol had a statutory. RQ glycol into a bermed area. of 1 lb., so the spill was *The solution then leaked reportable. through the seams of the berm into the surrounding soil.

The Unit 1 batch oil tank March 28, 1995 Gulfcrest 32 About 400 gallons None; the spill was The level instrumentation was overfilled. The oil completely contained in the tank was spilled onto the gravel in within the berm. recalibrated. Also, Station the berm around the tank. However, the incident was reportability procedures reported to DEP as a were revised. precaution.

22A-4