DOCSLIB.ORG

Competition Between Lythrum Salicaria and a Rare Species: Combining Evidence from Experiments and Long-Term Monitoring

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Competition Between Lythrum Salicaria and a Rare Species: Combining Evidence from Experiments and Long-Term Monitoring Plant Ecol DOI 10.1007/s11258-006-9232-2 ORIGINAL PAPER Competition between Lythrum salicaria and a rare species: combining evidence from experiments and long-term monitoring Madlen Denoth Æ Judith H. Myers Received: 25 April 2006 / Accepted: 23 October 2006 Ó Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2006 Abstract The rare endemic plant Sidalcea Removal of Lythrum significantly improved the hendersonii (Henderson’s checker-mallow) oc- vegetative performance of Sidalcea compared to curs in tidal marshes of the Pacific Northwest the removal of randomly selected native plants and may be threatened by Lythrum salicaria and the control treatment in the first year. In the (purple loosestrife), a European invader plant. second year, the performance of Sidealcea did not We compared the abundances of Lythrum and differ significantly with treatment. Removals did Sidalcea in a wetland in British Columbia (Can- not influence the reproductive performance of ada) in 1999 to those measured in 1979 to track Sidalcea in either year. A one-year additive changes in both species. Although the frequency experiment, carried out in pots, compared the of Sidalcea decreased by more than 50%, and that competitive effect of Lythrum on Sidalcea with of Lythrum increased by almost 20%, there was that of two native species. Lythrum’s impact on no significant relationship between the changes of Sidalcea was not consistently stronger than that of the two species. We assessed the potential effects the native species. Collectively, these results do of competition by Lythrum on Sidalcea in field not indicate a strong impact of Lythrum on the and patio experiments. In the field, we measured reproduction or abundance of Sidalcea. the response of Sidalcea to the removal of Lythrum over a two-year period and compared Keywords Invasive plant Á Purple loosestrife Á this to the response of Sidalcea to the removal of Removal experiment Á Sidalcea hendersonii Á native species and in unmanipulated control plots. Tidal wetland M. Denoth (&) Á J. H. Myers Department of Zoology, The University of British Introduction Columbia, 6270 University Boulevard, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T 1Z4 e-mail: [email protected] The ecological and economic impacts of invasive species have been widely documented in terms of J. H. Myers e-mail: [email protected] their detrimental effects on native ecosystem processes, communities and populations (Vitousek Present Address: et al. 1996; Mack et al. 2000). Invasive plants could M. Denoth be particularly detrimental to rare and endemic De´partement de biologie, Unite´ d’e´cologie et e´volution, Universite´ de Fribourg, Chemin du species with small geographic ranges and popula- Muse´e 10, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland tion sizes, and high ecological specializations. 123 Plant Ecol However, it has been pointed out that the Lythrum is thought to be a strong competitor detrimental effect of invasive species may be due to its high total biomass, tall plant size, and exaggerated (Gurevitch and Padilla 2004) due to fast growth (e.g., Gaudet and Keddy 1988; the failure to disentangle the often simultaneous Farnsworth and Ellis 2001), and the rapid spread effects of species invasions and other problems, and high abundance of Lythrum in many invaded such as habitat destruction, exploitation, pollution, areas have led to concerns that the plant may inbreeding, pollen limitation and herbivory (e.g., outcompete native plant species and degrade the Kery and Matthies 2004; Lavergne et al. 2005). To value of infested areas for wildlife (e.g., Mal et al. date, only few studies have quantified the effects of 1997; Weihe and Neely 1997; Blossey et al. 2001). invasive species on rare native species (but see Consequently, a biological control program Walck et al. 1999; Thomson 2005). against Lythrum was initiated in North America Sidalcea hendersonii S. Wats., Henderson’s in the 1990s (Malecki et al. 1993). While there is checker-mallow (henceforth Sidalcea) is native evidence that the progam is successful in many to wet meadows and tidal marshes from south- circumstances, the tidal conditions in Ladner eastern Alaska to northwestern Oregon. The marsh prevent the establishment of the most majority of populations occur in Washington promising biological control organism, the leaf- state, with a few outlying occurrences in Oregon, feeding, chrysomelid beetle Galerucella calmari- British Columbia and Alaska (NatureServe 2005). ensis L. (Denoth and Myers 2005). Only 21–100 scattered populations of the plant The aim of this study was to measure the impact persist, and the species is therefore vulnerable to of Lythrum on Sidalcea in Ladner marsh in order extirpation or extinction across its range (Natu- to assess the risk posed by the invader on the rare reServe 2005). In a recent survey, 90% of the plant, and to evaluate the need for efficient control previously located populations in Oregon could measures. Our approach was three-tiered: First, not be refound (NatureServe 2005). Human we determined whether the abundance of encroachment into wetlands and displacement Lythrum had increased and was accompanied by by Lythrum salicaria L., purple loosestrife a decline of Sidalcea over a 20-year period in (henceforth Lythrum), a European invader plant, Ladner marsh; data from a previous study in are thought to contribute to the species’ rarity Ladner marsh (Bradfield and Porter 1982) allowed (Marshall 1998). However, the actual causes of a comparison of the abundance of the invader and the species’ decline are unknown. the native species in 1979 and in 1999. Second, we Only two large populations (>1,000 individu- measured the ability of Lythrum to suppress als) of Sidalcea are known from southwestern Sidalcea relative to co-occurring, native species British Columbia: one is at a tidal site near in Ladner marsh through a removal experiment. Duncan on Vancouver Island, where Lythrum Third, we carried out a competition experiment does not occur, and the other is in Ladner marsh with an additive design to evaluate the impact on (49°6¢ N, 123°5¢ W), a tidal wetland along the Sidalcea growth and reproduction of the exotic Fraser River (Marshall 1998). The water in species compared to that of two native species. Ladner marsh is mostly fresh except in the winter, The latter was done since removal experiments when brackish water may enter the marsh due to may result in biased measures of competition if the low discharge rate of the Fraser River. Tidal strong competition has led to spatial segregation of water levels may vary by up to 3 m during the the competitors (Freckleton and Watkinson 2000). growing season from May to September (Brad- field and Porter 1982). Fifty-five vascular plant species, mostly forbs and grasses, occur in Ladner Materials and methods marsh, and among them is Lythrum, which has invaded the wetland before 1979 (Bradfield and Natural history of Sidalcea Porter 1982); in some areas, the vegetation consists of high-density patches of the invader Sidalcea can grow conspicuously tall, reaching plant. 1.5 m in height, and can produce multiple stems 123 Plant Ecol with inflorescences in the first year. The plant is We applied three treatments: In the control gynodioecious, with both hermaphroditic, self- treatment, we carried out no manipulation; in the compatible flowers, and female flowers (Marshall Lythrum removal treatment, we killed all and Ganders 2001). Individuals flower from June Lythrum plants; and in the native-removal treat- through September and are pollinated by a ment, we killed randomly chosen native plants, variety of insects, including bumblebees and bees but not Lythrum, to compare the responses to (Marshall 1998). In 1995 and 1996, Marshall and removal of Lythrum to that of the removal of Ganders (2001) found that more than 20% of the native species. We used a randomized complete yearly seed production was consumed by two block design with nine blocks, totaling 27 exper- specialized weevils: by Macrorhoptus sidalcea imental plots. We established the blocks in eight Sleeper in Ladner marsh, and by Anthonomus different areas of the marsh that were at least melancholicus Dietz in Duncan, respectively. 100 m apart. Plots within blocks were separated by at least 5 m. Densities of Lythrum and Sidalcea in Ladner To remove plants, we wiped all leaves of shoots marsh in 1979 and 1999 selected for removal once with Round-upÒ,a systemic, non-selective herbicide in July of 2000 In 1999, we estimated the abundance of Lythrum only. Round-upÒ kills the root system, thereby and Sidalcea, following the methodology of reducing both above- and below-ground compe- Bradfield and Porter (1982). We recorded the tition. In the native-removal treatment, we wiped presence and the ground cover of the two species one shoot of a native plant with Round-upÒ for in 100 1-m2 quadrats in seven transects, which we every shoot of Lythrum present in the plot. To laid out in approximately the same areas of the imitate the spatial pattern of Lythrum in the plots, wetland as in the previous study (see Fig. 1 in we only selected shoots of native species adjacent Bradfield and Porter 1982). We compared the average frequencies of Lythrum and Sidalcea in a 8 the seven transects between years by permutation C LR tests (Lunneborg 2000) that analyze the outcome 7.5 NR of paired t-tests. We also performed a permuta- tion test to assess the relationship (Pearson 7 correlation) between changes in frequencies of LS Means 6.5 the two species in the seven transects. We ln (shootlength) performed both analyses using the software 6 Resampling, which is available at the website: b 30 http://www.uvm.edu/~dhowell/StatPages/Resam- pling/Resampling.html. The number of iterations 25 was 10,000. 1/2 20 i) ( R 15 Competitor removal experiment in Ladner LS Means marsh 10 5 12 Experimental design years Experimental plots were 1 m2 and contained both Fig.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Developing Biogeographically Based Population Introduction Protocols for At-Risk Willamette Valley Plant Species
    Developing biogeographically based population introduction protocols for at-risk Willamette Valley plant species: Agrostis howellii (Howell’s bentgrass) Aster curtus (white-topped aster), Aster vialis (wayside aster), Delphinium leucophaeum (hot rock larkspur), Delphinium pavonaceaum (peacock larkspur), Erigeron decumbens var. decumbens (Willamette daisy), Horkelia congesta ssp. congesta (shaggy horkelia), Lomatium bradshawii (Bradshaw’s desert parsley), Lupinus sulphureus ssp. kincaidii (Kincaid’s lupine), Montia howellii (Howell’s montia), Sidalcea spp. (Willamette Valley checkermallows) Prepared by Steven D. Gisler Native Plant Conservation Program Oregon Department of Agriculture with contributions by Oregon Department of Agriculture staff for U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Grant OR-EP-2, segment 13 Acknowledgements: We would like to thank the many people who contributed to the completion of this report. Thanks to Andy Robinson and Kathy Pendergrass (USFWS) for providing funding and encouragement (Grant no. OR-EP-2, segment 13). Kelly Amsberry, Rebecca Currin, and R.J. Meinke contributed to text completion and review, and Melissa Carr provided invaluable assistance in compiling data. Thanks also to the staff, interns and students who provided plant and habitat photos, and to Erin Amsberry Abood for assistance in final report preparation. Contact Information: Robert J. Meinke Kelly Amsberry Native Plant Conservation Program Native Plant Conservation Program Oregon Department of Agriculture Oregon Department of Agriculture Dept. of Botany and Plant Pathology Dept. of Botany and Plant Pathology Oregon State University Oregon State University Corvallis, OR 97331 Corvallis, OR 97331 (541) 737-2317 (541) 737-4333 [email protected] [email protected] Report format: The following species are presented in alphabetical order: Agrostis howellii (Howell’s bentgrass), Aster curtus (white-topped aster), Aster vialis (wayside aster), Delphinium leucophaeum (hot rock larkspur), Delphinium pavonaceaum (peacock larkspur), Erigeron decumbens var.
    [Show full text]
  • Outline of Angiosperm Phylogeny
    Outline of angiosperm phylogeny: orders, families, and representative genera with emphasis on Oregon native plants Priscilla Spears December 2013 The following listing gives an introduction to the phylogenetic classification of the flowering plants that has emerged in recent decades, and which is based on nucleic acid sequences as well as morphological and developmental data. This listing emphasizes temperate families of the Northern Hemisphere and is meant as an overview with examples of Oregon native plants. It includes many exotic genera that are grown in Oregon as ornamentals plus other plants of interest worldwide. The genera that are Oregon natives are printed in a blue font. Genera that are exotics are shown in black, however genera in blue may also contain non-native species. Names separated by a slash are alternatives or else the nomenclature is in flux. When several genera have the same common name, the names are separated by commas. The order of the family names is from the linear listing of families in the APG III report. For further information, see the references on the last page. Basal Angiosperms (ANITA grade) Amborellales Amborellaceae, sole family, the earliest branch of flowering plants, a shrub native to New Caledonia – Amborella Nymphaeales Hydatellaceae – aquatics from Australasia, previously classified as a grass Cabombaceae (water shield – Brasenia, fanwort – Cabomba) Nymphaeaceae (water lilies – Nymphaea; pond lilies – Nuphar) Austrobaileyales Schisandraceae (wild sarsaparilla, star vine – Schisandra; Japanese
    [Show full text]
  • Circumscription of Apiaceae Tribe Oenantheae
    South African Journal of Botany 2004, 70(3): 393–406 Copyright © NISC Pty Ltd Printed in South Africa — All rights reserved SOUTH AFRICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY ISSN 0254–6299 Circumscription of Apiaceae tribe Oenantheae TM Hardway1, K Spalik2, MF Watson3, DS Katz-Downie1 and SR Downie1* 1 Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801, United States of America 2 Department of Plant Systematics and Geography, Warsaw University, Aleje Ujazdowskie 4, 00-478 Warsaw, Poland 3 Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, 20A Inverleith Row, Edinburgh EH3 5LR, Scotland, United Kingdom * Corresponding author, email: [email protected] Received 18 August 2003, accepted in revised form 17 November 2003 Previous molecular systematic investigations into the Sium and Trepocarpus. Relationships inferred from higher-level relationships of Apiaceae subfamily phylogenetic analyses of nuclear rDNA ITS sequences Apioideae have revealed a strongly supported clade from 64 accessions representing all 17 genera reveal recognised as tribe Oenantheae Dumort. These plants that four genera are not monophyletic. Bifora and may have clusters of fibrous or tuberous-thickened Cryptotaenia have members that fall outside of the tribe; roots, corky-thickened fruits, and other adaptations for Berula and Sium each comprise two or more lineages existence in wet or aquatic habitats. In some species, within Oenantheae. The St Helena endemics, Sium the leaves may be finely dissected or linear-septate and bracteatum and S. burchellii, ally with African Berula much reduced. We have initiated collaborative studies erecta; this clade is sister to the African endemic to produce a comprehensive estimate of phylogeny of species Sium repandum and Afrocarum imbricatum, the tribe, but such investigations are thwarted because and this entire group is allied closely with north tem- information on the composition of the tribe is lacking.
    [Show full text]
  • Biological Resources Report City of Fort Bragg Wastewater Treatment Plant Upgrade
    BIOLOGICAL RESOURCES REPORT CITY OF FORT BRAGG WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT UPGRADE 101 West Cypress Street (APN 008-020-07) Fort Bragg Mendocino County, California prepared by: William Maslach [email protected] August 2016 BIOLOGICAL RESOURCES REPORT CITY OF FORT BRAGG WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT UPGRADE 101 WEST CYPRESS STREET (APN 008-020-07) FORT BRAGG MENDOCINO COUNTY, CALIFORNIA PREPARED FOR: Scott Perkins Associate Planner City of Fort Bragg 416 North Franklin Street Fort Bragg, California PREPARED BY: William Maslach 32915 Nameless Lane Fort Bragg, California (707) 732-3287 [email protected] Contents Executive Summary ...................................................................................................................................... iv 1 Introduction and Background ............................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Purpose ......................................................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Scope of Work ............................................................................................................................... 1 1.3 Location & Environmental Setting ................................................................................................ 1 1.4 Land Use ........................................................................................................................................ 2 1.5 Site Directions ..............................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Oenanthe Sarmentosa
    Oenanthe sarmentosa COMMON NAME American horsebane FAMILY Apiaceae AUTHORITY Oenanthe sarmentosa DC. FLORA CATEGORY Vascular – Exotic STRUCTURAL CLASS Herbs - Dicotyledons other than Composites BRIEF DESCRIPTION Sprawling floating marginal perennial aquatic plant up to 1.5 m tall. Foliage is divided but less so than horsebane, stems are hollow and green in colour. Oenanthe sarmentosa. Photographer: Trevor James (AgResearch) DISTRIBUTION Locally common in the vicinity of Greymouth, Westland. HABITAT Stream edges and swamps. FEATURES Biennial to perennial sprawling herb up to 1.5 m tall, with floating stems hollow, grooved, green, usually rooting at the nodes. Emergent leaves bipinnate, tripinnate on lower branches with segments up 10-35 mm long, segments lobed. Submerged leaves absent. Flowers in an umbel, either terminal or opposite a leaf 2-5 cm diameter, with 10-20 rays. Subtending bracts 1 or lacking. Flowers white c. 2 mm diameter. Fruit cylindric 2.5-3.5 mm long, prominantly ribbed. SIMILAR TAXA Horsebane (Oenanthe aquatica) and water celery (Apium nodiflorum). Horsebane has more divided leaves with shorter segments. Water celery has less divided (pinnate) leaves. FLOWERING Summer Flowers of Oenanthe sarmentosa. FLOWER COLOURS Photographer: Trevor James (AgResearch) White FRUITING Summer-autumn LIFE CYCLE Vegetative spread by stoloniferous growth and by floating seeds. YEAR NATURALISED 1975 ORIGIN W. North America REASON FOR INTRODUCTION Unknown, possibly a seed contaminant CONTROL TECHNIQUES Not controlled in New Zealand. ETYMOLOGY sarmentosa: Twiggy ATTRIBUTION Factsheet prepared by Paul Champion and Deborah Hofstra (NIWA). REFERENCES AND FURTHER READING Johnson PN, Brooke PA (1989). Wetland plants in New Zealand. DSIR Field Guide, DSIR Publishing, Wellington.
    [Show full text]
  • Differential Nitrogen and Phosphorus Recovery by Five Aquatic Garden
    JOBNAME: horts 43#3 2008 PAGE: 1 OUTPUT: April 23 09:13:23 2008 tsp/horts/163067/02647 HORTSCIENCE 43(3):868–874. 2008. amount of pollutant that a water body can receive from point and nonpoint sources and still maintain its designated use and value Differential Nitrogen and Phosphorus (e.g., drinking water, fish and wildlife habitat, recreation, and so on). The Clean Water Act Recovery by Five Aquatic Garden (U.S. EPA, 1994) lists nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) as potential pollutants of Species in Laboratory-scale impaired water bodies. Offsite movement of – nitrate–nitrogen (NO3 ) and soluble reactive – 2– 3– phosphate (H2PO4 , HPO4 , and PO4 ) from Subsurface-constructed Wetlands nursery and greenhouse operations may lead Robert F. Polomski1,6, Douglas G. Bielenberg3, and Ted Whitwell5 to excessive algal and aquatic plant growth Department of Horticulture, Clemson University, 254 Poole Agricultural in surface waters, resulting in accelerated eutrophication. In general, freshwater systems Center, Clemson, SC 29634-0319 are P-limited and more prone to P inputs, Milton D. Taylor2 whereas N often limits primary production in estuarine and marine environments InsectiGen, Inc., 425 River Road, Athens, GA 30602 (Carpenter et al., 1998). 4 The maximum contaminant level for William C. Bridges – –1 NO3 in drinking water is 10 mgÁL Department of Applied Economics and Statistics, Clemson University, (National Academy of Sciences, 1977). No Clemson, SC 29634-0313 federal limits on P contamination in fresh- 4 water have been established as a result of Stephen J. Klaine variations in size, hydrology, and depth of Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson Institute of Environmental rivers and lakes and regional differences in Toxicology, P.O.
    [Show full text]
  • Vascular Plants of Humboldt Bay's Dunes and Wetlands Published by U.S
    Vascular Plants of Humboldt Bay's Dunes and Wetlands Published by U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service G. Leppig and A. Pickart and California Department of Fish Game Release 4.0 June 2014* www.fws.gov/refuge/humboldt_bay/ Habitat- Habitat - Occurs on Species Status Occurs within Synonyms Common name specific broad Lanphere- Jepson Manual (2012) (see codes at end) refuge (see codes at end) (see codes at end) Ma-le'l Units UD PW EW Adoxaceae Sambucus racemosa L. red elderberry RF, CDF, FS X X N X X Aizoaceae Carpobrotus chilensis (Molina) sea fig DM X E X X N.E. Br. Carpobrotus edulis ( L.) N.E. Br. Iceplant DM X E, I X Alismataceae lanceleaf water Alisma lanceolatum With. FM X E plantain northern water Alisma triviale Pursh FM X N plantain Alliaceae three-cornered Allium triquetrum L. FS, FM, DM X X E leek Allium unifolium Kellogg one-leaf onion CDF X N X X Amaryllidaceae Amaryllis belladonna L. belladonna lily DS, AW X X E Narcissus pseudonarcissus L. daffodil AW, DS, SW X X E X Anacardiaceae Toxicodendron diversilobum Torrey poison oak CDF, RF X X N X X & A. Gray (E. Greene) Apiaceae Angelica lucida L. seacoast angelica BM X X N, C X X Anthriscus caucalis M. Bieb bur chevril DM X E Cicuta douglasii (DC.) J. Coulter & western water FM X N Rose hemlock Conium maculatum L. poison hemlock RF, AW X I X Daucus carota L. Queen Anne's lace AW, DM X X I X American wild Daucus pusillus Michaux DM, SW X X N X X carrot Foeniculum vulgare Miller sweet fennel AW, FM, SW X X I X Glehnia littoralis (A.
    [Show full text]
  • Brown's Island Plants
    Brown’s Island Plants A photographic guide to wild plants of Brown’s Island Regional Preserve Sorted by Scientific Name Photographs by Wilde Legard Botanist, East Bay Regional Park District Revision: February 23, 2007 More than 2,000 species of native and naturalized plants grow wild in the San Francisco Bay Area. Most are very difficult to identify without the help of good illustrations. This is designed to be a simple, color photo guide to help you identify some of these plants. The selection of plants displayed in this guide is by no means complete. The intent is to expand the quality and quantity of photos over time. The revision date is shown on the cover and on the header of each photo page. A comprehensive plant list for this area (including the many species not found in this publication) can be downloaded at the East Bay Regional Park District’s wild plant download page at: http://www.ebparks.org. This guide is published electronically in Adobe Acrobat® format to accommodate these planned updates. You have permission to freely download, distribute, and print this pdf for individual use. You are not allowed to sell the electronic or printed versions. In this version of the guide, the included plants are sorted alphabetically by scientific name. Under each photograph are four lines of information, based on upon the current standard wild plant reference for California: The Jepson Manual: Higher Plants of California, 1993. Scientific Name Scientific names revised since 1993 are NOT included in this edition. Common Name These non-standard names are based on Jepson and other local references.
    [Show full text]
  • Wild Plants of the East Bay Regional Park District
    Wild Plants of the East Bay Regional Park District A Photographic Guide Sorted by Family Name Photographs by Wilde Legard Botanist, East Bay Regional Park District Revision: February 23, 2007 More than 2,000 species of native and naturalized plants grow wild in the San Francisco Bay Area. Most are very difficult to identify without the help of good illustrations. This is designed to be a simple, color photo guide to help you identify some of these plants. The selection of plants displayed in this guide is by no means complete. The intent is to expand the quality and quantity of photos over time. The revision date is shown on the cover and on the header of each photo page. A comprehensive plant list for this area (including the many species not found in this publication) can be downloaded at the East Bay Regional Park District’s wild plant download page at: http://www.ebparks.org. This guide is published electronically in Adobe Acrobat® format to accommodate these planned updates. You have permission to freely download, distribute, and print this pdf for individual use. You are not allowed to sell the electronic or printed versions. In this version of the guide, the included plants are sorted alphabetically by scientific family name, and by scientific name within each family. Under each photograph are four lines of information, based on upon the current standard wild plant reference for Cali- fornia: The Jepson Manual: Higher Plants of California, 1993. Scientific Name Scientific names revised since 1993 are NOT included in this edition. Common Name These non-standard names are based on Jepson and other local references.
    [Show full text]
  • Vegetation Classification for San Juan Island National Historical Park
    National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior Natural Resource Stewardship and Science San Juan Island National Historical Park Vegetation Classification and Mapping Project Report Natural Resource Report NPS/NCCN/NRR—2012/603 ON THE COVER Red fescue (Festuca rubra) grassland association at American Camp, San Juan Island National Historical Park. Photograph by: Joe Rocchio San Juan Island National Historical Park Vegetation Classification and Mapping Project Report Natural Resource Report NPS/NCCN/NRR—2012/603 F. Joseph Rocchio and Rex C. Crawford Natural Heritage Program Washington Department of Natural Resources 1111 Washington Street SE Olympia, Washington 98504-7014 Catharine Copass National Park Service North Coast and Cascades Network Olympic National Park 600 E. Park Ave. Port Angeles, Washington 98362 . December 2012 U.S. Department of the Interior National Park Service Natural Resource Stewardship and Science Fort Collins, Colorado The National Park Service, Natural Resource Stewardship and Science office in Fort Collins, Colorado, publishes a range of reports that address natural resource topics. These reports are of interest and applicability to a broad audience in the National Park Service and others in natural resource management, including scientists, conservation and environmental constituencies, and the public. The Natural Resource Report Series is used to disseminate high-priority, current natural resource management information with managerial application. The series targets a general, diverse audience, and may contain NPS policy considerations or address sensitive issues of management applicability. All manuscripts in the series receive the appropriate level of peer review to ensure that the information is scientifically credible, technically accurate, appropriately written for the intended audience, and designed and published in a professional manner.
    [Show full text]
  • Pedate Checker-Mallow
    Sidalcea pedata pedate checker-mallow 5-Year Review: Summary and Evaluation Sidalcea pedata (pedate checker-mallow) Photocredit: Scott Eliason (USFS). U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Carlsbad, CA March 18, 2011 2011 5-Year Review for Sidalcea pedata 5-YEAR REVIEW Sidalcea pedata (pedate checker-mallow) I. GENERAL INFORMATION Purpose of 5-Year Reviews: The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Service) is required by section 4(c)(2) of the Endangered Species Act (Act) to conduct a status review of each listed species at least once every 5 years. The purpose of a 5-year review is to evaluate whether or not the species’ status has changed since it was listed. Based on the 5-year review, we recommend whether the species should be removed from the list of endangered and threatened species, be changed in status from endangered to threatened, or be changed in status from threatened to endangered. Our original listing of a species as endangered or threatened is based on the existence of threats attributable to one or more of the five threat factors described in section 4(a)(1) of the Act, and we must consider these same five factors in any subsequent consideration of reclassification or delisting of a species. In the 5-year review, we consider the best available scientific and commercial data on the species, and focus on new information available since the species was listed or last reviewed. If we recommend a change in listing status based on the results of the 5-year review, we must propose to do so through a separate rule-making process defined in the Act that includes public review and comment.
    [Show full text]
  • Introduction of Sidalcea Hendersonii to Dean Creek ACEC, Coos Bay District BLM
    Introduction of Sidalcea hendersonii to Dean Creek ACEC, Coos Bay District BLM Final Report Andrea S. Thorpe Institute for Applied Ecology A Cooperative Challenge Cost Share Project funded jointly by Bureau of Land Management, Coos Bay District and Institute for Applied Ecology, Corvallis, Oregon PREFACE This report is the result of an agreement between the Institute for Applied Ecology (IAE) and the USDI Bureau of Land Management. IAE is a non-profit organization dedicated to natural resource conservation, research, and education. Our aim is to provide a service to public and private agencies and individuals by developing and communicating information on ecosystems, species, and effective management strategies and by conducting research, monitoring, and experiments. IAE offers educational opportunities through 3-4 month internships. Our current activities are concentrated on rare and endangered plants and invasive species. Questions regarding this report or IAE should be directed to: Andrea S. Thorpe, Conservation Research Program Director Institute for Applied Ecology PO Box 2855 Corvallis, Oregon 97339-2855 phone: 541-753-3099, ext. 401 fax: 541-753-3098 email: [email protected] ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The authors gratefully acknowledge the contributions and cooperation by the Coos Bay District Bureau of Land Management, especially Jennie Sperling and Tim Rodenkirk. Work was assisted by IAE staff and volunteers: Alexis Brickner, Mathilde DeCosta (volunteer), Jody Einerson, John Grotefend, Denise Giles-Johnson, Tom Kaye, Nick Lowry, Rob Massatti, Rachel Schwindt, Sarah Stevens, and Shell Whittington. Cover photographs: Sidalcea hendersonii flowers from introduced plants at Yellow Flag at Dean Creek ACEC. Except where noted, all photos by Andrea S. Thorpe. Please cite this report as: Thorpe, A.S.
    [Show full text]