The Archaeology of Late Antique 'Paganism'

THE ARCHAEOLOGY OF LATE ANTIQUE ‘PAGANISM’ LATE ANTIQUE ARCHAEOLOGY Editorial Board SERIES EDITOR LUKE LAVAN COMMITTEE MEMBERS Albrecht Berger Will Bowden Kim Bowes Averil Cameron Beatrice Caseau Alexandra Chavarrìa James Crow Simon Ellis Sauro Gelichi Lale Özgenel Jean-Pierre Sodini Bryan Ward-Perkins Enrico Zanini VOLUME 7 – 2009 THE ARCHAEOLOGY OF LATE ANTIQUE ‘PAGANISM’ EDITED BY LUKE LAVAN and MICHAEL MULRYAN LEIDEN • BOSTON 2011 Cover illustration: Interior visualisation of the Alacami (Richard Bayliss). This book is printed on acid-free paper. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data The archaeology of late antique “paganism”/edited by Luke Lavan and Michael Mulryan. p. cm. — (Late antique archaeology ; v. 7) Papers from the conference “The Archaeology of Late Antique Paganism” held in 2005 in Leuven. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-90-04-19237-9 (hardback : alk. paper) 1. Rome—Religion—Congresses. 2. Temples—Rome—Congresses. 3. Paganism—Rome—Congresses. 4. Christianity and other religions—Roman— Congresses. 5. Classical antiquities—Congresses. I. Lavan, Luke. II. Mulryan, Michael. III. Title. IV. Series. BL805.A73 2011 200.937—dc22 2010053581 ISBN 1570-6893 ISBN 978 90 04 19237 9 Copyright 2011 by Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, The Netherlands. Koninklijke Brill NV incorporates the imprints Brill, Global Oriental, Hotei Publishing, IDC Publishers, Martinus Nijhoff Publishers and VSP. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, translated, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior written permission from the publisher. Authorization to photocopy items for internal or personal use is granted by Koninklijke Brill NV provided that the appropriate fees are paid directly to The Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Suite 910, Danvers, MA 01923, USA. Fees are subject to change. CONTENTS Acknowledgements ..................................................................... ix List of Contributors .................................................................... xi Introduction ................................................................................ xv Luke Lavan Bibliographic Essays ‘Paganism’ in Late Antiquity: Thematic Studies ....................... 3 Koen Demarsin ‘Paganism’ in Late Antiquity: Regional Studies and Material Culture .................................................................................... 41 Michael Mulryan The Development of Paganism in Late Antiquity Eusebius of Caesarea and the Concept of Paganism ................ 89 Peter Van Nuffelen Late Antique Paganism: Adaptation under Duress ................... 111 Béatrice Caseau The ‘End’ of Roman Senatorial Paganism ................................ 135 David M. Gwynn Temples in the West Temples in Late Antique Gaul .................................................. 165 Penelope J. Goodman Fana, Templa, Delubra Destrui Praecipimus: The End of the Temples in Roman Spain ...................................................... 195 Javier Arce vi contents The Temple of Flora or Venus by the Circus Maximus and the New Christian Topography: The ‘Pagan Revival’ in Action? .................................................................................... 209 Michael Mulryan The Fate of the Temples in North Africa ................................. 229 Gareth Sears Temples in the East Late Paganism and Christianisation in Greece ......................... 263 Helen G. Saradi with the contribution of Demetrios Eliopoulos Late Paganism on the Aegean Islands and Processes of Christianisation ................................................................... 311 Georgios Deligiannakis The Fate of Temples in Late Antique Anatolia ........................ 347 Peter Talloen and Lies Vercauteren The Fate of the Temples in Late Antique Egypt ...................... 389 Jitse H. F. Dijkstra ‘Pagan’ Statues Political Talismans? Residual ‘Pagan’ Statues in Late Antique Public Space ............................................................................ 439 Luke Lavan Religious Intolerance and Pagan Statuary ................................ 479 Béatrice Caseau Sacred Deposits Religious Rituals at Springs in the Late Antique and Early Medieval World .......................................................................... 505 Eberhard W. Sauer contents vii Wells and Belief Systems at the End of Roman Britain: A Case Study from Roman London ...................................... 551 James Gerrard Iconography in Material Culture From Pagan to Christian: Religious Iconography in Material Culture from Sagalassos ......................................................... 575 Peter Talloen Abstracts in French ..................................................................... 609 Indices ......................................................................................... 617 Themes .................................................................................... 617 Index of People, Historical and Biblical ................................ 629 Index of Places ........................................................................ 636 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The editing and publication of this collection of studies on late antique ‘paganism’ has inevitably incurred many debts. The original conference that inspired this volume met in Leuven in 2005, under the title “The Archaeology of Late Antique Paganism”. The conference was organised by Luke Lavan, in conjunction with Peter Talloen, Ine Jacobs and Lies Vercauteren. Financial support came from the Faculty of Arts of KULeuven, which also provided a lecture room, whilst Pro- fessor Marc Waelkens sponsored a dinner for the speakers. Our thanks also go out to the many people with whom we have discussed differ- ent aspects of this project for their advice and encouragement, and to the referees who must remain anonymous but who gave generously of their time to read the articles and offer many helpful comments. Finally, we are grateful to Gera van Bedaf and Marcella Mulder at Brill for their help in overseeing the submission and page-setting of this book. Luke Lavan and Michael Mulryan LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS Javier Arce is Professor of Roman Archaeology at the University Charles-de-Gaulle Lille 3. He specialises in Late Roman History and Archaeology. His recent publications include El último siglo de la España Romana, 284–409 (2nd edition 2009); Bárbaros y romanos en Hispania (400–507), (2nd ed. 2007) and “Esperando a los árabes”: el período visigodo en Hispania, 507–711 (forthcoming). He is currently preparing a book on Imperial Residences in Late Antiquity (IV-VI centuries): Urban Image and Administrative Functions. Béatrice Caseau is associate professor at the University of Paris IV-Sorbonne in Byzantine History. She is a member of the CNRS Research unit Orient-Méditérranée (UMR 8167). She specialises in the study of religions in Late Antiquity, material culture, iconoclasm and Christian liturgical practices. She has co-edited Pèlerinages et Lieux saints dans l’Antiquité et le Moyen Age, (2006) and Pratiques de l’eucharistie dans les Églises d’Orient et d’Occident (Antiquité et Moyen Âge) (2009). Georgios Deligiannakis is Lecturer in Roman and Late Roman His- tory at the Open University of Cyprus. He specialises in the history and archaeology of the Aegean region in Late Antiquity. He has pub- lished various articles on late antique archaeology, epigraphy, religion, and economic history. His current research activities include the study of late antique inscriptions from Cyprus and Northern Macedonia, and the systematic archaeological study of an Early Christian basilica near Limassol, Cyprus. Koen Demarsin is research and teaching assistant at the Catholic Uni- versity of Leuven. His research concentrates on the late antique burial practices in Rome, the interactions between Christians and pagans in Late Antiquity, and on the survival of classical customs and symbols in the Early Christian world. Jitse H. F. Dijkstra is Associate Professor of Classics at the University of Ottawa. His research focuses on various aspects of the process of religious transformation in Late Antiquity, especially in Egypt. He is a xii list of contributors member of the Swiss-Egyptian Archaeological Mission at Aswan. His recent publications include Philae and the End of Ancient Egyptian Religion. A Regional Study of Religious Transformation (298–642 CE) (2008) and the edited volume Myths, Martyrs, and Modernity. Studies in the History of Reli- gions in Honour of Jan N. Bremmer (2010). James Gerrard is a Research Associate in the McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research at the University of Cambridge. He has worked extensively in developer-funded archaeology and specialises in the end of Roman Britain, with particular reference to its social and economic impact. Recent publications include: “The Temple of Sulis Minerva at Bath and the End of Roman Britain” (Antiquaries Journal 87 (2007)) and “Finding the Fifth Century” (Britannia 41 (2010)). Penelope J. Goodman is Lecturer in Roman History at the Univer- sity of Leeds. She specialises in the analysis of ancient urban space, with particular interests in religious architecture and the processes of cultural change in the provinces. Her publications include The Roman City and its Periphery: from Rome to Gaul (2007) and two articles on the architecture and spatial distribution of temples in Gaul. David M. Gwynn

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