DOCSLIB.ORG

Discourse of Conflict As Political Genre

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Discourse of Conflict As Political Genre View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE UNIVERSITY OF LODZ Interfaculty Interdisciplinary Doctoral Studies in the Humanities Faculty of Philology Institute of English Studies Department of Pragmatics Doctoral Thesis Discourse of conflict as political genre Paulina Królikowska Register No. 4116 Doctoral thesis written under the supervision of Prof. dr hab. Piotr Cap Łód ź 2015 UNIWERSYTET ŁÓDZKI Mi ędzywydziałowe Interdyscyplinarne Humanistyczne Studia Doktoranckie Wydział Filologiczny Instytut Anglistyki Zakład Pragmatyki J ęzykowej Praca doktorska Dyskurs konfliktu jako gatunek polityczny Paulina Królikowska Nr albumu 4116 Praca doktorska napisana pod kierunkiem Prof. zw. dra hab. Piotr Capa Łód ź 2015 To my Mother and Daniel CONTENTS Introduction 1 Chapter 1. Communicative genres 7 1. Communicative genres: Origins and developments 8 1.1. Bakhtin and speech genres 8 1.2. Genres in new rhetorical studies 12 1.3. Genres in Systemic Functional Linguistics 16 1.4. Genres in applied linguistics 20 1.5. Genres in Critical Discourse Studies 27 1.6. Genres in sociolinguistics 32 1.7. Genres in linguistic pragmatics 37 2. Characteristics of communicative genres 46 2.1. Genres as abstractions 47 2.2. Genres and situational contexts 49 2.3. Genres as flexible macrostructures 50 2.4. Genres are interrelated in social Fields 51 2.5. Genres assign interpersonal roles 52 Chapter 2. Political discourse and political genres 54 1. Political communication: a domain of life and a domain of research 55 1.1. ‘Political’ versus ‘communicative’ 55 1.2. Political communication and public communication 62 1.3. Political communication, Political Linguistics and the Analysis of Political Discourse 66 1.4. Challenges in the analysis of political discourse 70 2. Political genres: Challenges, characteristics, typologies 72 2.1. Challenges in the analysis of political genres 73 2.2. Criteria characterizing political genres 80 2.3. Typologies of political genres 88 Chapter 3. Around ‘Conflict’ 92 1. ‘Conflict’ in social sciences 94 2. ‘Conflict’ in linguistic research 105 3. The situation of Israel in the Middle East 121 3.1 Conflict in the Middle East 121 3.2. The Middle East peace process 126 3.3. Zionism 131 Chapter 4. Discourse of Conflict as Political Genre: Data and Methodology 136 1. Data 136 2. Methodology 141 3. The profile of this research in relation to potential future studies 154 Chapter 5. Discourse of Conflict as Political Genre: Analysis and Discussion 157 Part 1. Macro-criteria characterizing political genres 159 1. Discourse of conflict is a dynamic abstraction 164 2. Discourse of conflict may activate and realize contexts in a non-standard way 168 3. Discourse of conflict is a (flexible) macrostructure 174 4. Discourse of conflict is interrelated in and across social fields 180 5. Discourse of conflict manifests hierarchies of behavioral patterns 185 Part 2. 5 micro-criteria characterizing political genres 190 1. Discourse of conflict is defined based on, both, discursive and contextual properties 190 1.1.Content-related regularities in the entire corpus 192 1.2. Illustration of the mechanism of using the micro-contexts of the speeches to activate and realize the macro-context of the Middle East conflict 198 2. Discourse of conflict is realized by means of specific linguistic strategies 207 2.1. Deictic operation 208 2.2. Implicatures 213 2.3. Presuppositions 220 2.4. Forced construals 225 2.5. Assertion-directive pattern 230 2.6. Intertextuality 233 2.7. Historical analogy 239 3. Discourse of conflict is strategic in form and distribution of content 242 4. Discourse of conflict features a hierarchy of goals 249 Chapter 6. Outlook 256 References 266 Summary 286 Streszczenie 289 Appendix 1 292 INTRODUCTION In the very first words of the introduction to the volume Discourses of War and Peace (2013), Adam Hodges states that humans never engage in war without the mediating force of discourse. From the rhetorical saber rattling that precedes conflict through the diplomatic overtures that sue for peace, discourse plays an integral role in the outbreak, conduct and disputation of armed political conflict around the world. (Hodges 2013: 1) This short, yet meaningful quote underlines the essential role of discourse in social relations and, most importantly, the practice of conflict as an expressed struggle between at least two parties who contend with each other over specific values, power or resources. Although Hodges focuses here on armed conflicts, his observation signals the importance of discourse even before the outbreak of war or any other instances of military violence, and indicates that every conflict, irrespective of its dynamics, is assisted and shaped by specific discursive processes. Hence, the conflicting parties and other sides directly or indirectly involved in the struggle participate in the production and negotiation of meanings about the very process of struggling and the issues at stake to discursively (re)construct the reality they live in and to manage their actions. Such a perception of discourse and its influence on various types of conflicts is also accentuated by some – although not many – scholars who are not directly affiliated with linguistics (cf. Ramsbotham, Miall and Woodhouse 2011), but who adopt different perspectives to investigate conflicts through a focus on their dimensions such as peace- building processes, reconciliation, reaction to terror, gender issues, ethics of intervention, dialogue, discourse, the influence of culture, etc. In such studies, discourse is viewed as “the chief linguistic form of intense political conflict once conflict parties have formed” (Ramsbotham, Miall and Woodhouse 2011: 378), which entails that it develops with the antagonistic relations between the conflicting sides and serves as a tool in the struggle for supremacy. Interestingly, however, the label of “discourse of conflict” is still to a large extent unpopular in the wide panorama of multidisciplinary (including linguistic) research on various types of conflicts. As the very title suggests, this dissertation comes as an attempt to increase the academic applicability and visibility of this label, although it primarily implies that discourse of conflict is approached here using strictly linguistic terms, i.e. as political genre. Nevertheless, the motivation for this has its source in the exact idea behind the role of 1 discourse that I described above and that can – and shall – be treated as an essential element of the practice of conflicts irrespective of the disciplinary affiliation of the analyst. Following from that, in this research I assume that a long-lasting political/social conflict is a phenomenon determining potentially all communicative events in which political speakers representing the conflicted parties participate, irrespective of the individual time and place of these communicative events. The conflict that I deal with here is the Middle East conflict and, more specifically, the official Israeli stance in the Israeli-Palestinian/Israeli-Arab struggle, as represented by the Prime Minister of Israel Benjamin Netanyahu in his 2009-2014 rhetoric. This is done on the assumption that, after over sixty years of conflict following the establishment of the state of Israel in 1948, the parties engaged have developed their own, distinguishing ways in which they discursively (re)construct the situation in the Middle East, and that investigating their official voices might help trace major regularities that these discursive representations feature. Scholars such as Gelvin (2009), although – again – they are not affiliated with linguistics – argue that all sides to this conflict rely on similar means of expression and have created narratives that illustrate the uninterrupted origins of their nations to legitimize their right of statehood and actions taken as part of their struggle for recognition. Although the limitations of this dissertation make it possible to focus on the discourse of the Israeli side only, this research simultaneously signals the need to devote equal attention to the discourses of other sides of this long-lasting conflict in the future. As far as these regularities in the discourse of conflict are concerned, the motivation for investigating them comes also from my previous studies in the Israeli political discourse (Królikowska 2009, 2011), which revealed repeatable patterns of persuasion and legitimization used by Israeli political leaders, and which inspired me to approach the image of conflict in the Israeli rhetoric holistically – as a cluster of conventionalized goal-oriented discursive forms. This has brought me to the linguistic scholarship on genres in political communication and, in particular, to the most recent theoretical developments in this domain (cf. Cap and Okulska 2013), which label discursive structures that follow some recognizable patters and suit the accomplishment of identifiable goals as political genres. This way, the very title of this dissertation presupposes my thesis statement, according to which in this research I list and analyze specific and (more or less) stable structural, content-related and functional characteristics of the discourse of conflict as typical for political genres and, thus, as features that enable to classify, analyze and interpret the discourse of conflict as a (potentially new) genre in political communication. This entails that in my study I take these regularities as constitutive of a potentially new generic
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Israel Resource Cards (Digital Use)
    WESTERN WALL ַה ּכֹו ֶתל ַה ַּמ ַעָר ִבי The Western Wall, known as the Kotel, is revered as the holiest site for the Jewish people. A part of the outer retaining wall of the Second Temple that was destroyed by the Romans in 70 CE, it is the place closest to the ancient Holy of Holies, where only the Kohanim— —Jewish priests were allowed access. When Israel gained independence in 1948, Jordan controlled the Western Wall and all of the Old City of Jerusalem; the city was reunified in the 1967 Six-Day War. The Western Wall is considered an Orthodox synagogue by Israeli authorities, with separate prayer spaces for men and women. A mixed egalitarian prayer area operates along a nearby section of the Temple’s retaining wall, raising to the forefront contemporary ideas of religious expression—a prime example of how Israel navigates between past and present. SITES AND INSIGHTS theicenter.org SHUK ׁשוּק Every Israeli city has an open-air market, or shuk, where vendors sell everything from fresh fruits and vegetables to clothing, appliances, and souvenirs. There’s no other place that feels more authentically Israeli than a shuk on Friday afternoon, as seemingly everyone shops for Shabbat. Drawn by the freshness and variety of produce, Israelis and tourists alike flock to the shuk, turning it into a microcosm of the country. Shuks in smaller cities and towns operate just one day per week, while larger markets often play a key role in the city’s cultural life. At night, after the vendors go home, Machaneh Yehuda— —Jerusalem’s shuk, turns into the city’s nightlife hub.
    [Show full text]
  • International Co-Operation in the Use of Elite Military
    INTERNATIONAL CO-OPERATION IN THE USE OF ELITE MILITARY FORCES TO COUNTER TERRORISM: THE BRITISH AND AMERICAN EXPERIENCE, WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THEIR RESPECTIVE EXPERIENCES IN THE EVOLUTION OF LOW-INTENSITY OPERATIONS BY JOSEPH PAUL DE BOUCHERVILLE TAILLON A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE DEPARTMENT OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY THE LONDON SCHOOL OF ECONOMICS AND POLITICAL SCIENCE LONDON, ENGLAND, 1992 UMI Number: U615541 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Dissertation Publishing UMI U615541 Published by ProQuest LLC 2014. Copyright in the Dissertation held by the Author. Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. ProQuest LLC 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 F 7 0 XJl\lbj6S3 ABSTRACT J. Paul de B. Taillon "International Co-operation in the Employment of Elite Military Forces to Counter-Terrorism: The British and American Experience With Special Reference to Their Respective Experiences in the Evolution of Low-Intensity Operations." This thesis examines the employment of elite military forces in low-intensity and counter-terrorist operations, and in particular, placing the principal emphasis on the aspect of international co-operation in the latter. The experiences of Great Britain and the United States in such operations are the main elements of the discussion, reflecting their heavy involvement in such operations.
    [Show full text]
  • Yoni) Netanyahu
    Heroism Science Volume 5 Issue 2 Special Issue - The Downside of Article 5 Heroism 2020 A Lion’s Blues: Heroism, Heroic Self-Representations, and Emotional Distress in the Life and Character of Yonatan (Yoni) Netanyahu Golan Shahar Ben-Gurion University, [email protected] Raz Bauminger Ben-Gurion University, [email protected] Shai Itamar Ben-Gurion University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarship.richmond.edu/heroism-science Part of the Clinical Psychology Commons, and the Leadership Studies Commons Recommended Citation Shahar, Golan; Bauminger, Raz; and Itamar, Shai (2020) "A Lion’s Blues: Heroism, Heroic Self- Representations, and Emotional Distress in the Life and Character of Yonatan (Yoni) Netanyahu," Heroism Science: Vol. 5 : Iss. 2 , Article 5. DOI: 10.26736/hs.2020.02.05 Available at: https://scholarship.richmond.edu/heroism-science/vol5/iss2/5 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by UR Scholarship Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Heroism Science by an authorized editor of UR Scholarship Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. 1 SHAHAR, BAUMINGER, & ITAMAR YONI NETANYAHU Heroism Science: An Interdisciplinary Journal (ISSN 2573- 7120) https://scholarship.richmond.edu/heroism-science/ Vol. 5 No. 2 (2021) pp. 1-47 A Lion’s Blues: Heroism, Heroic Self- Representations, and Emotional Distress in the Life and Character of Yonatan (Yoni) Netanyahu GOLAN SHAHAR 1 RAZ BAUMINGER SHAI ITAMAR Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel [email protected] Please address correspondence to Golan Shahar, Ph.D., The Stress, Self & Health Lab (STREALTH), Department of Psychology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 800 Ben-Gurion Avenues, Beer- Sheva 84105, Israel.
    [Show full text]
  • Profiles in Modern Jewish Courage
    CHAPTER VI Profiles in Modern Jewish Courage In 1965 Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., is presented an award by his old friend Rabbi Jack Rothschild who organized the first official interracial dinner in Atlanta, in honor of King’s winning the Nobel Peace Prize (Courtesy of the Ida Pearle and Joseph Cuba Community Archives and Genealogy Center of the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum) TABLE OF CONTENTS, CHAPTER VI Profiles in Modern Jewish Courage A. Cultures of Heroism • Courage, Bravery and Cowardice: Definitions and Famous Quotations . 238 • The Rabbis’ Heroism: Self-Conquest. 239 by Yeshayahu Leibowitz Raoul Wallenberg • The Changing Face of the Rabbis’ Hero. 241 by Noam Zion • The Greek Tragic Hero . 242 by Bernard Knox • The Crisis of Heroism in Contemporary Society: Everyone’s Need to be a Hero. 245 by Ernest Becker • The Righteous Gentiles: The Psychology of the Rescuers and the Origins of Moral Courage . 246 by Samuel and Pearl Oliner and Krzysztof Konarzewski • The “Ordinariness” of the Righteous Gentiles. 252 by Samuel and Pearl Oliner B. In the Cause of Human Rights: Acts of Civil Courage 1. The Prophetic Preacher: Jack Rothschild and the Temple Bombing (segregationist Atlanta, 1958). 255 by Melissa Fay Greene Marshall Meyer 2. The Community Organizer, Saul Alinsky: “Let Them Call Me Rebel” (the Chicago Slums, the 1960s) . 263 by Sanford Horwitt 3. “Silence is Deadly:” Marshall Meyer and Argentina’s Reign of Terror (Buenos Aires, 1976-1983) . 272 234 C. In the Service of Human Needs: Tzedakah Heroes and Miracle Workers 4. Beit Shalva’s Founders: Malky and Kalman Samuels and the Dream House for Special Needs Children Yossi & Kalman Samuels (Jerusalem, 1999) .
    [Show full text]
  • Seconds to Success
    - Insights ▷ February 2018 VOLUME 72 - 2018 February Saving Lives – Seconds to Success The Synergia Foundation is in collaboration with the Bangalore City Police, the Railway Police Force, The Fire and Home Guards and ELCITA (The Electronic City Industrial Township Authority) and NPA (the National Police Academy)... US blocks The Syrian China, again dilemma The U.S. Securities and Exchange Doctors in the Ghouta region of Commission (SEC) has barred the Syria have been forced to use proposed sale of the Chicago Stock expired drugs on their patients Exchange to a group of Chinese-led as relentless airstrikes have investors. continued over the region in the span of 48 hours. The new South Netanyahu's African cabinet legacy New South African President Israeli police have recommended Cyril Ramaphosa reshuffled his indicting Prime Minister Benjamin cabinet on Monday. Ramaphosa Netanyahu in connection to two was sworn in earlier this month corruption cases. after former president Zuma stepped down. Palestine Will India requests Russia intervene in to take over Maldives? Palestinian President Mahmoud As a political and constitutional Abbas is expected to request crisis continues to unfold in Russia to help form an international Maldives, the opposition has multilateral mechanism. requested India to intervene against President Yameen.1 - Insights ▷ February 2018 spaces like railway stations, airports, malls etc. The training also helped officers understand the gaps that existed in training modules. Assessment Our assessment is that such training is extremely important, to prepare first responders to meet security challenges. We feel most security officers do not wish to face such eventualities as they fear for their lives – understandably so.
    [Show full text]
  • Rescue at Entebbe” (PAGES 14-17) Lesson at a Glance LESSON PLAN by ANN R
    “Rescue at Entebbe” (PAGES 14-17) Lesson at a Glance LESSON PLAN BY ANN R. BERMAN Students will create a defini- tion of a hero and decide how CONCEPTS AND OBJECTIVES that definition applies k Students will define the word hero as an individual who uses his/her talents for to different characters in the the betterment of society, often enduring personal risk to do so. Entebbe story. Students will k Students will understand the chain of events that led to the rescue operation have the opportunity to review at Entebbe. the events of the Entebbe raid MOTIVATION AND DEVELOPMENT and link the rescue mission to a 1. Before reading the article, define “hero.” Ask students to list the names of people quotation from Psalms. that they think of as heroes. Accept any names, even fictitious ones, and list them on the board. Then ask students to identify what characteristics apply in general to these heroes. Students will thereby develop a working definition of a hero as a person who uses his or her talents for the good of society, often enduring personal risk to do so. Keep the list on the board, and erase the characteristics that are not generally applicable BabagaNewz.com to most heroes. Connections 2. Define “hijacking.” This story represents a particularly riveting piece of modern Experience the Entebbe Raid history, not just Jewish history. Since the raid on Entebbe, there have been very few hijackings. Before reading the story, find out what the students know. During the 1970s, most hijackers presented a list of demands in exchange for the hostages.
    [Show full text]
  • 1 Schlaglicht Israel Nr. 12/16 Aktuelles Aus Israelischen Tageszeitungen
    Schlaglicht Israel Nr. 12/16 Aktuelles aus israelischen Tageszeitungen 16.-30. Juni Die Themen dieser Ausgabe 1. Israel und Türkei legen Disput ad acta ............................................................................................................ 1 2. Brexit ............................................................................................................................................................... 2 3. Kritik gegen Netanyahu .................................................................................................................................... 4 4. Medienquerschnitt ............................................................................................................................................ 6 1. Israel und Türkei legen Disput ad acta or unjustly. (…) What is our sin here? Israel’s rela- tionship with Turkey is important to us, just as Tur- Sechs Jahre nach dem Zwischenfall auf der Mavi key’s relationship with Israel is important to them. Marmara, einem türkischen Passagierschiff, das mit (…) His position is not set in stone and should be humanitären Hilfsgütern auf dem Weg zum taken with a grain of salt; when Germany recognized Gazastreifen war, einigten sich Jerusalem und the Armenian genocide, Erdoğan huffed and puffed Ankara auf die Wiederaufnahme voller diplomati- for a bit before calming down, but when it comes to scher Beziehungen. Israel zahlt den Familien der Israel, he knows we can be pushed around. (…) türkischen Aktivisten, die bei den Auseinander- What about a little
    [Show full text]
  • Chapter Three
    Chapter Three When David Get Lost: Is it Still Good to Die for the Country? 82 83 3.1 The 1973 Yom Kippur War and the Political Mahapach Overturn of the Seventies …Why they never told us that is going to be a bloody battle? Why they left us alone those who were sitting in the upper floors 1?... (from The Song of David , poem composed by a soldier on the Budapest outpost on the Suez Canal, 1973) From the post-1967 Euphoria to the 1973 Hysteria Unlike the relatively stable cease-fire agreements which followed the War of Independence and the 1956 Sinai Campaign, the 1967 Six Day War was followed by Egypt’s war of Attrition against Israel (1967-1970). This war consisted of sporadic yet constant military clashes along the cease- fire border by the Suez Canal, as well as guerrilla and terrorist activity on behalf of the different Palestinian organizations, which operated mainly from Jordan and the occupied territories of the West Bank and Gaza Strip. The intermittent military and guerrilla activities continued until the next major war in October 1973, which is referred to in Israel as the Yom Kippur War,2 for the Jewish Day of Atonement. With the 1973 war, Israel was strategically surprised by a coordinated attack by Egypt and Syria from north and south. Egyptian and Syrian forces crossed ceasefire lines to enter the Israeli-held Sinai Peninsula and Golan Heights respectively, which had been Fig. 3.1 Territories occupied by Israel after 1967 Six Day War. מדוע לא אמרו לנו שכאן יהיה קרב דמים ? מדוע נטשונו אלה שישבו בחלונות הגבוהים ? :1In the original version in Hebrew 2 Mil ẖemet Yom Kipur ) is also known as the 1973 Arab-Israeli , מלחמת יום כיפור The Yom Kippur War (in Hebrew War and the Fourth Arab-Israeli War, October War or Ramadan War, because the war coincided that year with the Muslim month of Ramadan.
    [Show full text]
  • Three Israeli Heroes Temple B’Nai Shalom Braintree, Massachusetts Rabbi Van Lanckton April 13, 2013 - 3 Iyar 5773
    Three Israeli Heroes Temple B’nai Shalom Braintree, Massachusetts Rabbi Van Lanckton April 13, 2013 - 3 Iyar 5773 Monday is Yom Hazikaron. Tuesday is Yom Ha’atzma’ut. The Day of Remembrance. The Day of Independence. On Monday we pay our respects to the heroes who died so that Israel could live. On Tuesday we dance in celebration because Israel came into existence as an independent nation in 1948 and because Israel not only exists but thrives. I have stories of three Israeli heroes. I know the names of two of them, though I never met them. The third one is no less a hero, and I did meet him, but I do not know his name. Our first hero is David Daniel Marcus, known as Mickey Marcus. I count Mickey Marcus as an Israeli hero, though he was not an Israeli. Marcus was born in 1901 on Hester Street on Manhattan's Lower East Side. His parents were immigrants to America from Romania. Marcus graduated from West Point in 1924. After completing his active duty requirement, he became a lawyer. He served as an Assistant United States Attorney in New York and then Commissioner of the Department of Correction for the City of New York. He continued his army service as a reserve ofcer in the Judge Advocate General's Corps. After Pearl Harbor, Marcus returned to active duty. Despite having no paratrooper training, Marcus volunteered for the D-Day invasion and parachuted into Normandy. He helped draw up the surrender terms for Italy and Germany. He was subsequently the chief of the War Crimes Division, planning legal and security procedures for the Nuremberg trials.
    [Show full text]
  • Reform Zionism a Way of Life
    Reform Zionism A Way of Life ציונות רפורמית דרך חיים 0 Table of Contents Introduction 3 Acknowledgements 4 MODELS OF UNDERSTANDING REFORM ZIONISM & NETZER IDEOLOGY 5 Definition of Reform Zionism & the Netzer Extended Interpretation 6 Netzer Olami Platform (14 Principals) 7 The Concentric Circles of Tikun Diagram 12 Model of Three pillars 14 The Netzer Symbol- What does it all mean? 15 PROGRESSIVE JUDAISM 16 Progressive Judaism – then and now; from Netzer South Africa's Tochen Hinuch 71 A Statement of Principles for Reform Judaism, adopted at the 1999 Pittsburgh Convention, Central Conference of American Rabbis 23 SOURCES AND RESOURCES ON ZIONIST HISTORY AND IDEOLOGY 27 The Development of the Zionist Ideal (taken from Netzer South Africa's Tochen Hinuch) 28 A Timeline of Zionist History 30 The Original Basel Program (1897) 35 The Declaration of the Establishment of the State of Israel (1948) 36 The Jerusalem Program (1968) 39 The New Jerusalem Program (2004) 45 SOURCES ON REFORM ZIONISM 46 A Short history of the Progressive Jewish Movement Regarding its Position and Commitment to Zionism 47 The Progress of Progressive Attitudes to Zionism and Israel 50 Reform Judaism and Zionism, A Centenary Perspective – The Miami Platform (1997) 51 Zion and Other National Concepts by Martin Buber 54 Hebrew Humanism by Martin Buber 58 The Negation of the Diaspora by Ahad Ha Am 63 Priest and Prophet by Ahad Ha-Am 69 PROGRESSIVE RABBINIC ARTICLES ON REFORM ZIONISM 75 Stories of Homeland: My Israel by Rabbi Andrew Davids 76 Principled Zionism by Rabbi Tony
    [Show full text]
  • Israel-Africa Relations: What Can We Learn from the Netanyahu Decade?”, Études De L’Ifri, Ifri, November 2020
    Études de l’Ifri ISRAEL-AFRICA RELATIONS What Can We Learn from the Netanyahu Decade? Benjamin AUGÉ November 2020 Sub-Saharan Africa Center The French Institute for International Relations (Ifri) is a research center and a forum for debate on major international political and economic issues. Headed by Thierry de Montbrial since its founding in 1979, Ifri is a non- governmental, non-profit organization. As an independent think tank, Ifri sets its own agenda, publishing its findings regularly for a global audience. Taking an interdisciplinary approach, Ifri brings together political decision- makers and internationally recognized experts to animate its debate and research activities. The opinions expressed in this paper are the responsibility of the author alone. ISBN: 979-10-373-0345-5 © All rights reserved, Paris, Ifri, 2020 Cover: © Peter Buxbaum/Shutterstock.com How to cite this publication: Benjamin Augé, “Israel-Africa Relations: What Can We Learn from the Netanyahu Decade?”, Études de l’Ifri, Ifri, November 2020. Ifri 27 rue de la Procession 75740 Paris Cedex 15 – FRANCE Tel.: +33 (0)1 40 61 60 00 – Fax: +33 (0)1 40 61 60 60 Email: [email protected] Website: Ifri.org Author Benjamin Augé has been an Associate Research Fellow at Ifri since June 2010. He has a PhD in geography from the French Institute of Geopolitics (University Paris 8). He is also Editor-in-Chief of the Africa Energy Intelligence newsletter (published by Indigo Publications). He teaches African diplomacy and oil and gas geopolitics at the diplomatic academy of the Netherlands (Clingendael) and for HEC executive master programs.
    [Show full text]
  • Abbas, Netanyahu, and the Abandonment of Moderation in Modern Israeli-Palestinian Relations
    They Talk of Days for Which They Sit and Wait: Abbas, Netanyahu, and the Abandonment of Moderation in Modern Israeli-Palestinian Relations Research Thesis Presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for graduation with research distinction in International Studies in the undergraduate colleges of The Ohio State University by Tophie Fisher The Ohio State University July 2017 Project Advisors: Professor Anthony Mughan, Department of International Studies Professor Donald Sylvan, Department of Political Science Introduction 2016 was perhaps one of the most divisive years in recent memory. From the elections that saw the rise of Donald Trump to the presidency of the United States, to the vote to begin the exit of Britain from the European Union, to the rise of rightwing nationalist groups throughout the world generally and in the West specifically, we have witnessed a clear political polarization of democratic society.1 A number of factors can account for this shift: increased dissatisfaction among the working class with liberal elites and establishment conservatives, greater support for populist and rightwing nationalist parties, the fear of changing ethnic demographics, the perception that existing systems of government exclude large swathes of the population, and so on. But whatever the reasons, the inevitable result of increased societal polarization is that democratic states become increasingly more difficult to govern, such that “consensus and political power-sharing among all parties becomes impossible.”2 The primary aim of this thesis is to explore what influences governability in polarized societies; specifically, why democratic leaders move from moderation to intransigence on policy proposals. It argues that there are two main factors making for un-governability in polarized societies.
    [Show full text]