La Armada De Sudafrica

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

La Armada De Sudafrica LA ARMADA DE SUDAFRICA Edmundo González Robles Teniente 1° Introducción nales mar1t1mos , defensa de sus propias aguas terr1tor1ales y de su zona económi• a Armada sudafricana es en ca exclusiva. la actualidad la Fuerza Arma­ da más pequeña de su país. Lo anterior tiene especial 1mportan­ comparativamente con su c1a para Sudáfrica. ya que el 50% de la poderoso E¡ército y su volu­ econom 1a de la republ1ca depende de la mi nosa Fuerza Aérea. Sin embargo, esta normal operación de sus puertos, a través moderna y eficiente Armada ha logrado de las 1mportac1ones y exportaciones Es­ encontrar su identidad. desempeñando to no solamente es vital para Sudáfrica, un rol de vital importancia en la defensa sino también para aquellos paises inde­ de puertos y en el control del espacio ma­ pendientes que se encuentran insertos en r1t1mo. El área de control mar1t1mo asigna­ el territorio. (Suaziland1a, Lesotho. Venda, da a la Armada comprende mas de dos Bophuthatswana, Transke1 y Ciskei) millones de kilómetros cuadrados y una costa de aproximadamente 1 600 mill as 11;Jut1cas. Una Armada autosuficiente y entre­ nada La estrategia y tácticas de la gue­ rra naval han cambiado considerablemen­ Para cumplir con estos requerimien­ te en los ult1mos decenios. En op1n1on del tos. la A rmada ha sido provista de un b uen autor, aquellos d1as en que las batallas elemento humano y material En efecto. el navales se dec1dian con el empleo de entrenamiento de sus Oficiales y Personal poderosos y grandes acorazados. son en es muy realista. por el permanente peligro la actualidad solo parte de la historia. de una guerra En la parte material. la Armada ha desarrol lado un plan de cons­ Hoy. la gran mayor1a de las Armadas trucc1on local de unidades a flote, dada la se 1ncl 1nan por co11stru1r o adqu1r1r peque- d1f1cultad de este país en adquirir material 11as pero poderosas unidades. con la ex­ bel1co en el extran1ero Producto de esto c epción del fundamental empleo de los ultimo, se ha logrado alcanzar niveles portaaeronaves Pese a no contar con tecnológicos en esta materia. realmente este ultimo tipo de unidades, la Armada admirables sudafricana se ha mantenido en vanguar­ dia en e l concepto del pode r nava l. con Sudáfrica se encuentra hoy en d ía unidades de tamaño reducido El enfas1s construyendo buques de g ue rra para sus ha sido puesto en la protecc1 on de term 1- propias r1eces1dades, siendo su primera 88 REVISTA DE MARINA 1/84 Z IMBABWE ~.(RHODESIA) /r" • ~\· ( _. q.Y.';t'/@'c.(/ ~2 ' ·.\ t <~ .. e ·. .,,,... ~ l : , \ BOSTW~NA f~ ~ ~ ; j ' I r '- '0:;;,'\~1::$, ~.- ~Pretor;a : o Walvis Ba v / / / ,,~, , . ~~~,,-r'"° 1 TA~S~;~~rurgo ,s.~ ¿ (Sudáfrica) ~ ..,_; - · ~~BOPHúÍ AFR IC A ~ ) .. J -- ./""" ~ .... SUDOCCIDENTAL (NAM IBIA) •~ v 'r ~..,(,,.··,,.. Estado Libre _) · ,: • Sishen ( de Orange .- -...../ Kimberley , : . s¡óemfontein • Kenhardt \ . • Pietermaritzburg Durban 1 Provincia del Cabo Saldaña SUDAFRICA exitosa experiencia el buque recuperad or maestranzas y talleres, para la construc­ de torpedos Fleur, en 1969, actualmente ción y mantención de sus unidades. en servic io. Asimismo, la Armada ha toma­ do la tarea de mantención y, en algunos La base naval más importante es la casos, modernización de sus unidades. d e Simonstown, desde la cual operan la Esto último fue demostrado en el progra­ fragata, flotilla de submarinos, flotilla de ma de modernización de las tres fragatas minadores , y patrulleros. Cuenta, a su tipo 12, las cuales fueron sometid as a un extenso rea-condicionamiento para equi­ vez, con diferentes centros de instru cción y repart iciones de apoyo terrestres para parlas con un helicóptero A / S Wasp. Con las mencionadas unidades. este p ropósito, se tuvo que retirar uno de los montajes limbo, construir el hangar con su pista y .reinstalar las dos ametral la­ Para las facilidades de reparación y doras Bofors 40/70 sobre el hangar. Como carena , Simonstown cuenta con un dique pa rt e, también, de este reacondiciona­ seco con capacidad para buques de has­ miento, se implementó un nuevo radar y ta 30.000 toneladas y con un moderno sistema de control de fuego. Synchrolift con una capacidad de levan­ tamiento de 2.000 toneladas. Este Syn­ chrolift iza al buque fuera del agua y lo Bases navales transporta sobre rieles a una de las siete estaciones de reparación disponibles, en La Armada cuenta con dos grandes donde pueden realizarse en seco todos bases navales, dotadas de astilleros, los trabajos necesarios. LA ARMADA DE SUDAFRICA 89 Las maestranzas y talleres de esta Las ventajas de estas unidades son base fueron considerablemente incre­ su reducido ta maño (58 metros de eslora), mentados el año 1969, con la puesta en una dotación de sólo 4J hombres, extre­ marcha del programa para submarinos madamente rápidas -con velocidades clase Oaphne. Como parte, también, de superiores a los 30 nudos - y capaces de este programa, fue finalizada reciente­ destruir parcial o totalmente a una unidad mente la construcción del edificio de la mayor con un solo misil . La mantención y flotilla de submarinos, lugar en donde reparación de las misileras son mín imas, y funciona el comando de esta fuerza, toda pueden operar desde cualquier puerto. el área administrativa y acomodaciones completas para las dotaciones de los Aunque la protección de la ruta ma­ submarinos. rítima frente al Africa sudoccidental (Namibia) ya no es un rol especifico de la La base naval de Ourban es la se­ Armada, la flotil la de misileras tiene esta­ gunda en importancia en el país, y desde blecido un verdadero récord de asistencia ella opera la flotilla de misileras y algunos y permanencia en dicha zona. patrulleros. Todas las instalaciones te­ rrestres en este lugar son de apoyo a las lanchas misileras, contándose con cen­ Actualmente , la Armada cuenta con tros de instrucción, maestranzas, ta lleres ocho lanchas misileras, encontrándose especializados, arsenales y acomodacio­ las tres primeras en conservación en la nes Para las facilidades de reparación base de Simonstown y las cinco restantes y carena de las lanchas, Durban cuenta operando como flotilla desde la base de también con un Synchrolift, el que será Durban puesto en operación a comienzos del año 1984 Los astilleros Sandock Austral, en - P 1561, Jan Smuts (Constru ida donde se construyen las misileras, están en Haifa; puesta en servicio en Set. 1977; fuera de la base naval y cercanos a la ciu­ dad de Ourban. Dichos astilleros locales - P 1562, Pieter W. Botha (Cons­ son de administración civil, pero cuen tan truida en Haifa; puesta en servicio en Dic. con un equipo técnico asesor de ia Arma­ 1977; da, en lo referente a las lanchas misileras. - P 1563, Frederic Creswell (Cons­ truida en Haifa; puesta en servicio en May. 1978); Flotilla de misileras - P 1564, Jim Fouche (Construida Estas unidades de ataque, de la en Durban; puesta en servicio en Dic. clase Saar 4 (Reshef), con su velocidad, 1978; maniobrabilidad y capacidad ofensiva han modernizado considerablemente a - P 1565, Frans Erasmus (Construi­ esta Armada. Las misileras han demostra­ da en Durban; puesta en servicio en Jul. do ser ideales en el empleo de protección 1979. de las 200 millas por Armadas pequeñas, y su poder ofensivo es similar al de unida­ - P 1566, Oswald Pirow (Construi­ des navales que las superan en más del da en Durban, puesta en servicio en Mar. triple de su tonelaje. Están equipadas con 1980. complejos equipos electrónicos y dotadas de los más modernos sistemas de armas, - P 1567, Hendrik Mentz (Construi­ incluyendo 8 misiles superficie-superficie da en Durban; puesta en servicio en Mar. Skorpioen, de similares características al 1982; Gabriel 2. Las unidades son tr ipuladas por personal muy joven, con un promedio de - P 1568, Kobie Coetsee (Construi­ 25 años de edad, mediante una estricta da en Ourban, puesta en servicio en Set. selección . 1982. 90 REVISTA DE MAR IN A 1/84 La intención de la Armada es llegar a o reemplazar a otro en sus funciones con operar con 12 misileras, con lo que se simil ar rendimiento. El entrenamiento es estima que la construcción de la novena realizado en la Escuela de Submarinos lancha se podría iniciar en 1983. Hugo Biermann, en Simonstown, por me­ dio de un simulador de submarino y los más avanzados métodos de enseñanza. En efecto, el alumno, al finalizar su curso, Flotilla de submarinos se encuentra totalmente fami liarizado con los equipos y el submarino, antes de for­ Al igual que la flotilla de misileras, la mar parte de su dotación. flotilla de submarinos es considerada en esta Armada como un cuerpo se lecto y altamente entrenado. Los submarinistas La Armada tiene en la actualidad tres son elegidos por sus habilidades de fácil submarinos de la clase Daphne, construi­ adaptación, por su espíritu de conviven­ dos en Fran cia: cia y por sus capacidades fís icas e inte­ lectuales, las que finalmente determinan - S. 97, Maria van Riebeeck (Puesto cuán eficiente será el desempeño del per­ en servicio en Jun 1970); sonal en espacios reducidos y por largos períodos en la mar. - S 98, Emily Hobhouse (Puesto en servicio en Ene. 1971 ); Los submarinistas sudafricanos son entrenados de tal forma, que son capaces - S 99 , Johanna van der Merwe de desempeñar eficientemente su puesto (Puesto en servicio en Jul. 1971 ). SUBMARI NO DE LA CLASE DAPH NE SO BREVOLADO POR UN ALOUETTE 111 DE LA FUERZA AEREA LA ARMADA DE SU DAFRICA 91 Esta clase de submarinos fue elegi­ - M . 1214. Walv1sbaai (Puesto en da por la Armada debido a su efic1enc1a servicio en 1959), de operación en aguas sudafricanas, siendo unidades pequeñas pero con una - M .
Recommended publications
  • Complete Dissertation
    VU Research Portal Itineraries Rousseau, N. 2019 document version Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Link to publication in VU Research Portal citation for published version (APA) Rousseau, N. (2019). Itineraries: A return to the archives of the South African truth commission and the limits of counter-revolutionary warfare. General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. • Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. • You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain • You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal ? Take down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. E-mail address: [email protected] Download date: 09. Oct. 2021 VRIJE UNIVERSITEIT Itineraries A return to the archives of the South African truth commission and the limits of counter-revolutionary warfare ACADEMISCH PROEFSCHRIFT ter verkrijging van de graad Doctor aan de Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, op gezag van de rector magnificus prof.dr. V. Subramaniam, in het openbaar te verdedigen ten overstaan van de promotiecommissie van de Faculteit der Geesteswetenschappen op woensdag 20 maart 2019 om 15.45 uur in de aula van de universiteit, De Boelelaan 1105 door Nicky Rousseau geboren te Dundee, Zuid-Afrika promotoren: prof.dr.
    [Show full text]
  • PRENEGOTIATION Ln SOUTH AFRICA (1985 -1993) a PHASEOLOGICAL ANALYSIS of the TRANSITIONAL NEGOTIATIONS
    PRENEGOTIATION lN SOUTH AFRICA (1985 -1993) A PHASEOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF THE TRANSITIONAL NEGOTIATIONS BOTHA W. KRUGER Thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts at the University of Stellenbosch. Supervisor: ProfPierre du Toit March 1998 Stellenbosch University http://scholar.sun.ac.za DECLARATION I, the undersigned, hereby declare that the work contained in this thesis is my own original work and that I have not previously in its entirety or in part submitted it at any university for a degree. Signature: Date: The fmancial assistance of the Centre for Science Development (HSRC, South Africa) towards this research is hereby acknowledged. Opinions expressed and conclusions arrived at, are those of the author and are not necessarily to be attributed to the Centre for Science Development. Stellenbosch University http://scholar.sun.ac.za OPSOMMING Die opvatting bestaan dat die Suid-Afrikaanse oorgangsonderhandelinge geinisieer is deur gebeurtenisse tydens 1990. Hierdie stuC.:ie betwis so 'n opvatting en argumenteer dat 'n noodsaaklike tydperk van informele onderhandeling voor formele kontak bestaan het. Gedurende die voorafgaande tydperk, wat bekend staan as vooronderhandeling, het lede van die Nasionale Party regering en die African National Congress (ANC) gepoog om kommunikasiekanale daar te stel en sodoende die moontlikheid van 'n onderhandelde skikking te ondersoek. Deur van 'n fase-benadering tot onderhandeling gebruik te maak, analiseer hierdie studie die oorgangstydperk met die doel om die struktuur en funksies van Suid-Afrikaanse vooronderhandelinge te bepaal. Die volgende drie onderhandelingsfases word onderskei: onderhande/ing oor onderhandeling, voorlopige onderhande/ing, en substantiewe onderhandeling. Beide fases een en twee word beskou as deel van vooronderhandeling.
    [Show full text]
  • The Seven Seas Tattler Issue 1.6 - November 2017
    The Seven Seas Tattler Issue 1.6 - November 2017 Good Day all members of the Seven Seas Club. Here is your November edition - I trust that you will find items of interest (Ed - [email protected]) From the Chairman The Navy has been very quiet over the last while except for SAS SPIOENKOP and SAS MANTATISI sailing every now and then for some training. The Durban based OPVs (Strikecraft) have conducted patrols along the coastline, stopping over in Simon's Town for fuel and a bit of R&R. They have returned to their base in Durban. SAS AMATOLA is currently getting ready for Exercise OXIDE, which is a search and rescue exercise with the French based at Reunion. The exercise will be conducted in Durban. Talking of the French, their ship the FLOREAL sustained some damage in Durban from the storm recently and will remain in Durban for a while to effect repairs. We welcome new members and wish all those with upcoming birthdays a very special day and a great year ahead. Report from The Treasurer Financial results for September were, once again, most pleasing, with our sales target achieved and bottom line exceeded. Thanks for the great support! Our Club Manager has been particularly vigilant and has managed to keep costs down, especially controllable costs such as water, electricity and stationery / printing and we are indebted to him. The targets for October are a little more challenging, but we are confident that they will be achieved if the current support from members continues. The signs are already there.
    [Show full text]
  • The Apartheid Divide
    PUNC XI: EYE OF THE STORM 2018 The Apartheid Divide Sponsored by: Presented by: Table of Contents Letter from the Crisis Director Page 2 Letter from the Chair Page 4 Committee History Page 6 Delegate Positions Page 8 Committee Structure Page 11 1 Letter From the Crisis Director Hello, and welcome to The Apartheid Divide! My name is Allison Brown and I will be your Crisis Director for this committee. I am a sophomore majoring in Biomedical Engineering with a focus in Biochemicals. This is my second time being a Crisis Director, and my fourth time staffing a conference. I have been participating in Model United Nations conferences since high school and have continued doing so ever since I arrived at Penn State. Participating in the Penn State International Affairs and Debate Association has helped to shape my college experience. Even though I am an engineering major, I am passionate about current events, politics, and international relations. This club has allowed me to keep up with my passion, while also keeping with my other passion; biology. I really enjoy being a Crisis Director and I am so excited to do it again! This committee is going to focus on a very serious topic from our world’s past; Apartheid. The members of the Presidents Council during this time were quite the collection of people. It is important during the course of this conference that you remember to be respectful to other delegates (both in and out of character) and to be thoughtful before making decisions or speeches. If you ever feel uncomfortable, please inform myself or the chair, Sneha, and we will address the issue.
    [Show full text]
  • The Referendum in FW De Klerk's War of Manoeuvre
    The referendum in F.W. de Klerk’s war of manoeuvre: An historical institutionalist account of the 1992 referendum. Gary Sussman. London School of Economics and Political Science. Thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Government and International History, 2003 UMI Number: U615725 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Dissertation Publishing UMI U615725 Published by ProQuest LLC 2014. Copyright in the Dissertation held by the Author. Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. ProQuest LLC 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 T h e s e s . F 35 SS . Library British Library of Political and Economic Science Abstract: This study presents an original effort to explain referendum use through political science institutionalism and contributes to both the comparative referendum and institutionalist literatures, and to the political history of South Africa. Its source materials are numerous archival collections, newspapers and over 40 personal interviews. This study addresses two questions relating to F.W. de Klerk's use of the referendum mechanism in 1992. The first is why he used the mechanism, highlighting its role in the context of the early stages of his quest for a managed transition.
    [Show full text]
  • The Extent of Affirmative Action in the Real Estate Industry Within The
    The Extent ofAffirmative Action in the Real Estate industry within the Western Cape. By Alan B Phillips This thesis is submitted in fulfillment ofthe requirements for the degree Magister Technologiae (Human Resource Management) in the Faculty ofManagement at the Cape Technikon Supervisor: Prof. AD Slabbert September 2003 Declaration I hereby declare that the contents of this thesis represents my own work. This thesis, or any part of this document, has not been previously submitted for academic evaluation towards any qualification. The views, oplllions and conclusions expressed and contained herein belong to those of the author. These views, opinions and conclusions therefore do not necessarily reflect those of the Cape Technikon or any ofthe Cape Technikon's staff. Signature: . 11 Dedication I dedicate this thesis to: • My loving wife, Heather Colleen, for her sterling support and understanding throughout this study. Also for the back rubs and litres oforange juice during the typing ofthis document. • My sons, Geoffrey and Morgan, for their patience and for always asking ifthey could assist in any way. • My Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ in Whom all things are possible. For all that I have is not my own but came from Him. iii Acknowledgements This academic work would not have been possible without the encouragement and assistance of the following persons. I am deeply indebted to them and I want to thank: • My supervisor, Prof. AD Slabbert, who gave me much needed support and guidance but mostly because he believed in me. • Lynette Slabbert who, on many occasions, enquired about my progress and my sanity. • Rolf Proske, for friendly servIce and for being available with the necessary research materials and resources.
    [Show full text]
  • The Case for the Prosecution of Apartheid Criminals in Canada
    THE CASE FOR THE PROSECUTION OF APARTHEID CRIMINALS IN CANADA MUNYONZWE HAMALENGWA A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF GRADUATE STUDIES, IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY GRADUATE PROGRAM IN LAW YORK UNIVERSITY TORONTO, ONT ARIO MAY2013 © MUNYONZWE HAMALENGWA, 2013 ABSTRACT Given what happened in South Africa in support of apartheid, this dissertation explores the various approaches to justice that have been, and might be employed to deal with the enormity of the crimes committed. The notion of universal jurisdiction is explored as a way of expanding the discussion to include not just actions to be taken in South Africa but also possible action that could be taken by other countries. The dissertation looks at what was done and not done, particularly by the United Nations and Canada during the apartheid era and after and as well in South Africa after the ending of apartheid. In this context it discusses the Truth and Reconciliation Commission, its structure, actions and shortcomings. It looks at the United Nations efforts, analyzing the genesis and import of the various declarations, principles and conventions that deal with either crimes against humanity in general and apartheid related crimes in particular. In this context, it also looks at the various war crimes/crimes against humanity trials that have been or are in progress. Finally, it looks at Canada as a case study. The focus is Canada's various responses to crimes against humanity. The dissertation discusses not only what Canada has done and not done, but what it could and might do.
    [Show full text]
  • Mandela from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia (Redirected from Mandela) Jump To: Navigation, Search "Mandela" Redirects Here
    Nelson Mandela From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Redirected from Mandela) Jump to: navigation, search "Mandela" redirects here. For other uses, see Mandela (disambiguation). Page semi-protected His Excellency Nelson Mandela OM AC CC OJ GCStJ QC GColIH RSerafO NPk BR MRCSI Nelson Mandela on his 90th birthday in Johannesburg, South Africa, in May 2008. Mandela in May 2008 President of South Africa In office 10 May 1994 14 June 1999 Deputy Thabo Mbeki F. W. de Klerk Preceded by F. W. de Klerk Succeeded by Thabo Mbeki Secretary General of Non-Aligned Movement In office 2 September 1998 14 June 1999 Preceded by Andrés Pastrana Arango Succeeded by Thabo Mbeki Personal details Born Rolihlahla Mandela 18 July 1918 (age 94) Mvezo, South Africa Nationality South African Political party African National Congress Spouse(s) Evelyn Ntoko Mase (19441957) Winnie Madikizela (19571996) Graça Machel (1998present) Children Madiba Thembekile Makgatho Lewanika Makaziwe Maki Zenani Zindziswa Residence Houghton Estate, Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa Alma mater University of Fort Hare University of London External System University of South Africa University of the Witwatersrand Religion Christianity (Methodism) Signature Signature of Nelson Mandela Website www.nelsonmandela.org Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela (Xhosa pronunciation: [xo'li??a?a man'de?la]; born 18 July 1918) is a South African anti-apartheid activist, revolutionary and politic ian who served as President of South Africa from 1994 to 1999, the first to be e lected in a fully representative, multiracial election. His administration focus ed on dismantling apartheid's legacy, and cutting racism, poverty and inequality . Politically a democratic socialist, he served as president of the African Nati onal Congress (ANC) political party from 1991 to 1997.
    [Show full text]
  • Ÿþm Icrosoft W
    General Assembly Security Council General Assembly Security Council Distr GENERAL A/44/22 S/20901 25 October 1989 ORIGINAL: ENGLISH GENERAL ASSEMBLY Forty-fourth session SECURITY COUNCIL Forty-fourth year REPORT OF THE SPECIAL COMMITTEE AGAINST APARTHEID* * This is a mimeographed version of the report of the Special Committee against Apartheid, which will be issued in printed form as Official Records of the General Assembly Forty-fourth Session, Supplement No. 22 (A/44/22) 89-25839 1317-18j (E) UNITED NATIONS AS I q, LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL 12 October 1989 Sir I have the honour to send you herewith the reports of the Special Committee against Apartheid - the annual report and the report on recent developments concerning relations between Israel and South Africa - which were adopted unanimously by the Special Committee on 11 October 1989- These reports are submitted to the General Assembly and the Security Council in accordance with the relevant provisions of General Assembly resolution 2671 (XXV) of 8 December 1970 and 43/50 A to K of 5 December 1988 Accept, Sir, the assurances of my highest consideration. (Signed) Glodys ST -PHARD Acting Chairman Special Committee against Apartheid His Excellency Mr Javier Perez de Cuellar Secretary-General United Nations New York New York CONTENTS Paragraphs Page PART ONE ANNUAL REPORT OF THE SPECIAL COMMITTEE 1 - 275 7 1 INTRODUCTION 1 - 4 8 II REVIEW OF DEVELOPMENTS IN SOUTH AFRICA 5 - 94 9 A. General political conditions 5 - 15 9 B. Repression of the population 16 - 47 11 1. Overview 16 11 2 Political trials, death sentences and executions 17 - 24 11 3 Detention without trial 25 - 28 13 4 Vigilante groups, death squads and covert activities 29 - 35 14 5 Security laws, banning and restriction orders 36 - 39 16 6 Forced population removals 40 - 45 17 7 Press censorship 46 - 47 18 C.
    [Show full text]
  • AFRIKAANSE OORLOGSKEPE, 1922-2002 Andre
    JOERNAAUJOURNAL WESSELS ONWAARSKYNLIKE AMBASSADEURS: VLAGVERTOONVAARTEDEURSUID­ AFRIKAANSE OORLOGSKEPE, 1922-2002 Andre Wessels1 Summary Although the primary role of the South African Navy will always be to defend the Republic of South Africa. its citizens, and its interests, the Navy has an equally important role to play in times ofpeace, for example to conduct a variety ofassistance operations. including diplomatic support in the form ofJlag­ showing cruises. During the first 80 years of the history of the South African Navy, i.e. from 1922 to 2002, its warships and submarines took part in 86 such peace-lime flag-showing cruises to foreign countries, visiting about 100 ports in nearly 50 countries on all six continents. Jn this article a review is given ofthe flag-showing cruises by South Africa's naval vessels (grey diplomats) from J April 1922 to I April 2002, and nine phases have been identified. The overall aim is lo determine the nature, extent and value of the South African Navy's di'plomatic role. INLEIDING Op I April 2002 was die Suid-Afrikaanse Vloot (SAV) 80 jaar oud,. maar die geleentheid het feitlik ongesiens verhygegaan - anders as die 7 Sste herdenking van die ontstaan van die Vloot wat in I 997 op luisterryke wyse gevier is. Weliswaar was daar van 22-24 Maart 2002 'n Vlootfees in Simonstad, maar geen verrigtinge elders nie. Aan die begin van 2002 was die Vloot uiteraard we! reeds besig om geleidelik voor te berei vir die aankoms van vier nuwe fregatte2 en drie nuwe duikbote. By die herdenking van die SA V se tagtigste bestaansjaar behoort daar wel besin te word oor die geskiedenis van die Vloot.
    [Show full text]
  • Against Apartheid
    REPORT OF THE SPECIAL COMMITTEE AGAINST APARTHEID GENERAL ASSEMBLY OFFICIAL RECORDS: FORTY-FOURTH SESSION SUPPLEMENT No. 22 (A/44/2~) UNITED NATIONS New York, 1990 NOTE Symbols of United Nations documents are composed ofcapital letters combined with figures. Mention of sl!ch a symbol indicates a reference to a United Nations document. The present. report was also submitted to the Security Council under the symbol S/20901. ISSN 0255-1845 1111 iqlllllll l~uqllHh) I!i li'alHlltHy 19~O 1 CONTENTS LBTTER OF TRANSMITTAL •••••••••••••••••••••••••••• l1li •• l1li ••••••••••••••••••••••• PART ONE ~~AL RBPORT OF THE SPECIAL COMMITTEE •...•....••............... 1 275 2 I • INTRODUCTION ••••••••••.•••.••.••.......•.......•. l1li •••••••• 1 1 3 11. RBVIBW OF DEVELOPMENTS IN SOUTH AFRICA .........•.......... [, q4 1 A. General political conditions !l 15 4 B. Repression of the r~pulation .......................... 1.6 4" () 1.. Overview ...•.......•.............................. 1(; fi 2. Political trials, death sentences and executions .. I.., - 7.4 r; 3. Detention without trial ?!l 7.11 IJ 4. Vigilante groups, death squads and covert activities .. ' . 29 35 y 5. Security laws, banning and restriction or(\ers ..... lfi :19 11 6. Forced population removals ..••....••...•.......... 10 .. 45 12 7. Press censorship I ••••••••• 46 - 47 13 C. Resistance to apartheid .•.......•..................... 411 .. 03 13 1. Organizing broader fronts of resistance .....•..... 40 5n 11 2. National liberation movements . !i9 1;1 I. t) 3. Non-racial trade union movement Ij tl 1;9 l" 4. Actions by religious, youth and student gr Il\lllt~ ••.. "10 .,., III 5. Whites in the resistance . "111 1I:cl ),0 1)4 D. Destabilization and State terrorism . " 'I 7.2 Ill. EXTERNAL RELATIONS OF SOUTH AFRICA , .
    [Show full text]
  • Irisch-Südafrikanische Unabhängigkeitsbestrebungen, Ihre Verflechtungen Und Ihr Beitrag Zur Transformation Des Empires, 1899–1949
    „Travelling the same painful road“? Irisch-südafrikanische Unabhängigkeitsbestrebungen, ihre Verflechtungen und ihr Beitrag zur Transformation des Empires, 1899–1949 Inaugural-Dissertation zur Erlangung des Grades eines Doktors der Philosophie des Fachbereichs Geschichte und Kulturwissenschaften der Philipps-Universität Marburg vorgelegt von Katja Fortenbacher-Nagel Marburg (2017) Vom Fachbereich Geschichte und Kulturwissenschaften der Philipps-Universität Marburg als Dissertation angenommen am: 23.05.2017 Tag der Disputation: 09.02.2018 Erster Gutachter: Prof. Dr. Benedikt Stuchtey Zweiter Gutachter: Prof. Dr. Eckart Conze Originaldokument gespeichert auf dem Publikationsserver der Philipps-Universität Marburg http://archiv.ub.uni-marburg.de Dieses Werk bzw. Inhalt steht unter einer Creative Commons Namensnennung Keine kommerzielle Nutzung Keine Bearbeitungen 4.0 International Lizenz. Die vollständige Lizenz finden Sie unter: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/ Dank Diese Arbeit wurde durch die Gerda Henkel Stiftung, das Deutsche Historische Institut London und die Prof. Dr. Adolf Schmidtmann-Stiftung gefördert. Ihnen gilt mein tiefster Dank für die finanzielle und ideelle Unterstützung, ohne die dieses Vorhaben nicht möglich gewesen wäre. Meinem Doktorvater Prof. Dr. Benedikt Stuchtey, der meinem Interesse viel Aufmerksamkeit geschenkt hat, danke ich für die fachliche Begleitung, sein Engagement und die vielfältige Unterstützung. Auf meinem Weg durfte ich eine Vielzahl großzügiger und interessierter Menschen kennenlernen,
    [Show full text]