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The Abuse of Supermarket Buyers
The Abuse of Supermarket Buyer Power in the EU Food Retail Sector Preliminary Survey of Evidence Myriam Vander Stichele, SOMO & Bob Young, Europe Economics On behalf of: AAI- Agribusiness Accountability Initiative Amsterdam, March 2009 Colophon The Abuse of Supermarket Buyer Power in the EU Food Retail Sector Preliminary Survey of Evidence Myriam Vander Stichele (SOMO) & Bob Young (Europe Economics) March 2009 Funding: This publication is made possible with funding from The Dutch Ministry of Foreign Affairs via SOMO and DGOS (Belgian Directorate General for Development Cooperation) via Vredeseilanden (VECO). Published by: AAI - Agribusiness Action Initiatives, formerly called Agribusiness Accountability Initiative The authors can be contacted at: SOMO Sarphatistraat 30 1018 GL Amsterdam The Netherlands Tel: + 31 (20) 6391291 Fax: + 31 (20) 6391321 E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.somo.nl This document is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivateWorks 2.5 License. The Abuse of Supermarket Buyer Power in the EU Food Retail Sector 2 Contents Contents ..........................................................................................................................3 Summary .........................................................................................................................4 Introduction.....................................................................................................................6 1. Abusive buyer power problems are being discussed in many fora while a comprehensive -
Language Perceptions and Practices in Multilingual Universities
Language Perceptions and Practices in Multilingual Universities Edited by Maria Kuteeva Kathrin Kaufhold Niina Hynninen Language Perceptions and Practices in Multilingual Universities Maria Kuteeva Kathrin Kaufhold • Niina Hynninen Editors Language Perceptions and Practices in Multilingual Universities Editors Maria Kuteeva Kathrin Kaufhold Department of English Department of English Stockholm University Stockholm University Stockholm, Sweden Stockholm, Sweden Niina Hynninen Department of Languages University of Helsinki Helsinki, Finland ISBN 978-3-030-38754-9 ISBN 978-3-030-38755-6 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-38755-6 © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are solely and exclusively licensed by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, expressed or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. -
The Finnish Archipelago Coast from AD 500 to 1550 – a Zone of Interaction
The Finnish Archipelago Coast from AD 500 to 1550 – a Zone of Interaction Tapani Tuovinen [email protected], [email protected] Abstract New archaeological, historical, paleoecological and onomastic evidence indicates Iron Age settle- ment on the archipelago coast of Uusimaa, a region which traditionally has been perceived as deso- lated during the Iron Age. This view, which has pertained to large parts of the archipelago coast, can be traced back to the early period of field archaeology, when an initial conception of the archipelago as an unsettled and insignificant territory took form. Over time, the idea has been rendered possible by the unbalance between the archaeological evidence and the written sources, the predominant trend of archaeology towards the mainland (the terrestrical paradigm), and the history culture of wilderness. Wilderness was an important platform for the nationalistic constructions of early Finnishness. The thesis about the Iron Age archipelago as an untouched no-man’s land was a history politically convenient tacit agreement between the Finnish- and the Swedish-minded scholars. It can be seen as a part of the post-war demand for a common view of history. A geographical model of the present-day archaeological, historical and palaeoecological evi- dence of the archipelago coast is suggested. Keywords: Finland, Iron Age, Middle Ages, archipelago, settlement studies, nationalism, history, culture, wilderness, borderlands. 1. The coastal Uusimaa revisited er the country had inhabitants at all during the Bronze Age (Aspelin 1875: 58). This drastic The early Finnish settlement archaeologists of- interpretation developed into a long-term re- ten treated the question of whether the country search tradition that contains the idea of easily was settled at all during the prehistory: were perishable human communities and abandoned people in some sense active there, or was the regions. -
Transnational Finnish Mobilities: Proceedings of Finnforum XI
Johanna Leinonen and Auvo Kostiainen (Eds.) Johanna Leinonen and Auvo Kostiainen This volume is based on a selection of papers presented at Johanna Leinonen and Auvo Kostiainen (Eds.) the conference FinnForum XI: Transnational Finnish Mobili- ties, held in Turku, Finland, in 2016. The twelve chapters dis- cuss two key issues of our time, mobility and transnational- ism, from the perspective of Finnish migration. The volume is divided into four sections. Part I, Mobile Pasts, Finland and Beyond, brings forth how Finland’s past – often imagined TRANSNATIONAL as more sedentary than today’s mobile world – was molded by various short and long-distance mobilities that occurred FINNISH MOBILITIES: both voluntarily and involuntarily. In Part II, Transnational Influences across the Atlantic, the focus is on sociocultural PROCEEDINGS OF transnationalism of Finnish migrants in the early 20th cen- tury United States. Taken together, Parts I and II show how FINNFORUM XI mobility and transnationalism are not unique features of our FINNISH MOBILITIES TRANSNATIONAL time, as scholars tend to portray them. Even before modern communication technologies and modes of transportation, migrants moved back and forth and nurtured transnational ties in various ways. Part III, Making of Contemporary Finn- ish America, examines how Finnishness is understood and maintained in North America today, focusing on the con- cepts of symbolic ethnicity and virtual villages. Part IV, Con- temporary Finnish Mobilities, centers on Finns’ present-day emigration patterns, repatriation experiences, and citizen- ship practices, illustrating how, globally speaking, Finns are privileged in their ability to be mobile and exercise transna- tionalism. Not only is the ability to move spread very uneven- ly, so is the capability to upkeep transnational connections, be they sociocultural, economic, political, or purely symbol- ic. -
Jukuri, Open Repository of the Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke)
Jukuri, open repository of the Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke) This is an electronic reprint of the original article. This reprint may differ from the original in pagination and typographic detail. Author(s): Ari Nikula, Juho Matala, Ville Hallikainen, Jyrki Pusenius, Antti Ihalainen, Tuomas Kukko & Kari T. Korhonen Title: Modelling the effect of moose Alces alces population density and regional forest structure on the amount of damage in forest seedling stands Year: 2020 Version: Published version Copyright: The Author(s) 2020 Rights: CC BY 4.0 Rights url: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Please cite the original version: Nikula, A., Matala, J., Hallikainen, V., Pusenius, J., Ihalainen, A., Kukko, T. and Korhonen, K.T. (2020), Modelling the effect of moose Alces alces population density and regional forest structure on the amount of damage in forest seedling stands. Pest Manag Sci. doi:10.1002/ps.6081 All material supplied via Jukuri is protected by copyright and other intellectual property rights. Duplication or sale, in electronic or print form, of any part of the repository collections is prohibited. Making electronic or print copies of the material is permitted only for your own personal use or for educational purposes. For other purposes, this article may be used in accordance with the publisher’s terms. There may be differences between this version and the publisher’s version. You are advised to cite the publisher’s version. Research Article Received: 15 May 2020 Revised: 27 August 2020 Accepted article published: 10 September 2020 Published online in Wiley Online Library: (wileyonlinelibrary.com) DOI 10.1002/ps.6081 Modelling the effect of moose Alces alces population density and regional forest structure on the amount of damage in forest seedling stands Ari Nikula,a* Juho Matala,b Ville Hallikainen,a Jyrki Pusenius,b Antti Ihalainen,c Tuomas Kukkod and Kari T Korhonenb Abstract BACKGROUND: Moose (Alces alces L.) populations and moose damage in forests are debated in Nordic countries with dense moose populations. -
Eyes on the Price International Supermarket Buying Groups in Europe
SUPPLYING IBGs: A BUMPY RIDE TARGET EXPANSION INTERNATIONAL BUYING GROUP (IBG) Suppliers reveal Suppliers competing detailed information internationally Umbrella Supplier contract ? yummy-juice.com yummy-juice.com ice.com yummy-ju yummy-juice.com Suppliers exposed Detailed negotiations to UTPs with individual IBG members yummy-juice.com yum my- uice.com j com e. uic j y- yumm yummy-juice.com Eyes on the price International supermarket buying groups in Europe SOMO Paper | March 2017 European retailers are in fierce competition with and suppliers are highly dependent on supermarkets to each other over market share. They are continuously sell their products. The number of corporations in the food expanding the number of stores, attempting to reduce supply chain varies from country to country; yet the hour- operational costs, developing private label products glass shaped form of the Dutch retail market roughly applies (a retailer’s own brand), or taking over competitors to countries across Europe (see Figure 1). The model nationally and internationally. In this process, super illustrates that there are just a few retailers through which markets have gained extensive buying power,* which food finds its way from a large number of farmers to a gives them leverage to extract ever lower prices from smaller number of suppliers and on to millions of consumers. their suppliers. One strategy through which super In the case of the Netherlands, many smaller supermarkets markets aim to increase their buyer power is to work together in a national buying group with the result cooperate in crossborder buying groups. that just five companies effectively control practically all food retailing in this country.5 Supermarkets in Europe have a powerful position in the food supply chain because they are often the single most Unfair trading practices important food retail outlet. -
FINNISH STUDIES EDITORIAL and BUSINESS OFFICE Journal of Finnish Studies, Department of English, 1901 University Avenue, Evans 458 (P.O
JOURNAL OF INNISH TUDIES F S Volume 19 Number 1 June 2016 ISSN 1206-6516 ISBN 978-1-937875-94-7 JOURNAL OF FINNISH STUDIES EDITORIAL AND BUSINESS OFFICE Journal of Finnish Studies, Department of English, 1901 University Avenue, Evans 458 (P.O. Box 2146), Sam Houston State University, Huntsville, TX 77341-2146, USA Tel. 1.936.294.1420; Fax 1.936.294.1408 SUBSCRIPTIONS, ADVERTISING, AND INQUIRIES Contact Business Office (see above & below). EDITORIAL STAFF Helena Halmari, Editor-in-Chief, Sam Houston State University; [email protected] Hanna Snellman, Co-Editor, University of Helsinki; [email protected] Scott Kaukonen, Assoc. Editor, Sam Houston State University; [email protected] Hilary Joy Virtanen, Asst. Editor, Finlandia University; hilary.virtanen@finlandia. edu Sheila Embleton, Book Review Editor, York University; [email protected] EDITORIAL BOARD Börje Vähämäki, Founding Editor, JoFS, Professor Emeritus, University of Toronto Raimo Anttila, Professor Emeritus, University of California, Los Angeles Michael Branch, Professor Emeritus, University of London Thomas DuBois, Professor, University of Wisconsin Sheila Embleton, Distinguished Research Professor, York University Aili Flint, Emerita Senior Lecturer, Associate Research Scholar, Columbia University Titus Hjelm, Reader, University College London Daniel Karvonen, Senior Lecturer, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis Andrew Nestingen, Associate Professor, University of Washington, Seattle Jyrki Nummi, Professor, Department of Finnish Literature, University of Helsinki Juha -
Finnország 100. Évfordulója 100Th Anniversary of Finland
Nagykövetek írják Finnország 100. évfordulója 100th Anniversary of Finland 6th December is the National Day of Finland. On that day in 1917 Finland's Independence from Russia was declared. On the occasion of the 100th anniversary of the independence H.E. Tuomi-Nikula, Finland’s Ambassador to Hungary held a reception at the Embassy premises for the representatives of Hungarian political and social life, the members of the diplomatic corps and the friends of Finland. The Am- bassador spoke highly of the anniversary in his speech. „Dear Friends, You are all guests of honour tonight. At the same time I would like to draw your attention to our two special guests, Emil Nestor Setälä and Onni Talas were both members of the senate who made a decision about Finland’s independ- December 6. a finn nép nemzeti ünne- 1000 éve kezdődött, amikor a Svéd Birodalom ence exactly 100 years ago. Nothing can show pe. 1917-ben ezen a napon kiáltották ki része volt. Évszázadokon át finn származású Hungary's importance better than the fact that Finnország elszakadását Oroszországtól. államférfiak, tudósok és katonák sora volt nagy later they both worked as ambassadors in Bu- A függetlenség 100. évfordulója alkalmá- hatással Svédország és egész Európa sorsára. dapest. I took the liberty to invite these two ból őexc. Petri Tuomi-Nikula, Finnország Az 1809-ben elvesztett háború következmé- statesmen to this event, although we cannot see magyarországi nagykövete fogadást adott nyeként Finnországot autonóm nagyhercegség- them in reality, but maybe we can feel the pres- a nagykövetségen a magyar politikai és ként az Orosz Birodalomhoz csatolták. -
Finnish Grocery Trade 2009–2010 CONTENTS
Finnish Grocery Trade 2009–2010 CONTENTS For the reader. ...................................................................... 3 Grocery trade market in Finland, 2008.......................... 5 Grocery trade as part of society ...................................... 6 Key indicators for 2008 ...................................................... 8 Finnish Grocery Trade Association ...............................10 Deregulation for the benefit of the consumer .........11 Responsible supply chain benefits the consumer .....................................................................12 Best operating practices of the store ..........................13 FGTA supports its member companies in environmental affairs ..................................................14 Retail chains more dominant, procurement more centralised .....................................16 HoReCa wholesales as part of comprehensive service ....................................................22 HoReCa wholesalers prosper alongside their customers ..............................................23 Private labels ......................................................................24 Structural change in grocery trade ..............................27 Store types and definitions ...........................................30 Village grocery stores ......................................................32 Kiosk trade ..........................................................................33 Department store sales ...................................................34 Clothing -
FINNISH GROCERY TRADE 2008–2009 Päivittäis Päivittäis Tavara Tavara KAUPPA KAUPPA
PÄIVITTÄIS PÄIVITTÄIS TAVARA TAVARA KAUPPA KAUPPA FINNISH GROCERY TRADE 2008–2009 PÄIVITTÄIS PÄIVITTÄIS TAVARA TAVARA KAUPPA KAUPPA PÄIVITTÄIS TAVARA KAUPPA List of Contents Responsible trade takes consumers into account ...........................................................3 Deregulation Improves Service ....................................................................................................4 Grocery trade and society .................................................................................................................7 Grocery trade and groceries ...........................................................................................................9 Grocery trade groups ........................................................................................................................11 Key indicators for 2007 .................................................................................................................... 17 Structural change in the grocery trade ...............................................................................18 • Grocery store sales and change in volume and value in 1993–2007 ................................................................................................................................19 • Number of grocery stores by type and group in 2007 ...................................19 • Sales of groceries by type of store in 2000–2007 ...............................................19 • Sales of groceries by chain in 2007 ................................................................................20 -
National Action Plan for the Prevention of Violent Radicalisation and Extremism 2019–2023
Internal security | Publications of the Ministry of the Interior 2020:3 NATIONAL ACTION PLAN FOR THE PREVENTION OF VIOLENT RADICALISATION AND EXTREMISM 2019–2023 Government resolution 19 December 2019 Publications of the Ministry of the Interior 2020:3 NATIONAL ACTION PLAN FOR THE PREVENTION OF VIOLENT RADICALISATION AND EXTREMISM 2019–2023 Government resolution 19 December 2019 Ministry of the Interior, Helsinki 2020 Ministry of the Interior ISBN: 978-952-324-625-6 Layout: Government Administration Department, Publications Helsinki 2020 Description sheet Published by Ministry of the Interior 27 April 2020 Authors Ministry of the Interior NATIONAL ACTION PLAN FOR THE PREVENTION OF VIOLENT RADICALISATION AND EXTREMISM 2019–2023 Title of publication Government resolution 19 December 2019 Series and publication Publications of the Ministry of the Interior number 2020:3 Register number SMDno-2019-227 Subject Internal security ISBN PDF 978-952-324-625-6 ISSN (PDF) 2490-077X Website address http://urn.fi/URN:ISBN:978-952-324-625-6 (URN) Pages 89 Language English Keywords violent radicalisation, extremism, prevention, extremist movements Abstract Violent radicalisation and extremism are a cross-border threat to safety and security, sense of security, people’s well-being and sense of participation, democracy as well as human and fundamental rights. The National Action Plan for the Prevention of Violent Radicalisation and Extremism was prepared in broad cooperation with the authorities (national and local authorities), organisations, communities and researchers. The results and recommendations of the outside assessment, published in April 2019, of the earlier Action Plan, which was confirmed in 2016, have been taken into consideration in the current Action Plan. -
B1988 Juni 2011
REPORT Initiatives on prevention of food waste in the retail and wholesale trades Financed by Nordic Council of Ministers Åsa Stenmarck – IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute, Sweden Ole Jörgen Hanssen - Östfoldforskning, Norway Kirsi Silvennoinen & Juha-Matti Katajajuuri – MTT Agrifood Research Finland Mads Werge – PlanMiljö, Denmark B1988 Juni 2011 Rapporten godkänd: 2011-06-30 John Munthe Vice President, Research Organization Report Summary IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute Ltd. Project title Initiatives on prevention on the retail Address and wholesale trades P.O. Box 21060 SE-100 31 Stockholm Project sponsor Telephone Nordic council of Ministers +46 (0)8-598 563 00 Author Åsa Stenmarck, Ole Jörgen Hanssen, Kirsi Silvennoinen & Juha-Matti Katajajuuri, Mads Werge Title and subtitle of the report Initiatives on prevention of food waste in the retail and wholesale trades Summary This project was initiated by the Nordic Council of Ministers and its waste prevention group. The project has been focusing on the following issues: Amounts of food waste from the retail and wholesale sector Causes for food waste generation Initiatives to reduce the amounts of food waste Recommendations for measures that could be taken to change the present situation The results are based on a literature review and interviews with representatives from the retail and wholesale sector in the Nordic countries. Amounts In all countries there exists detailed information from retail and wholesale chains but from Denmark and Sweden these data have not been made available for the project as they are not public. In Norway detailed data have been made available through the ForMat project. In Finland some chains have provided data within the project and an estimation of the total value has been made.