DOCSLIB.ORG

Bibliography of Acoustic Seabed Classification

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Bibliography of Acoustic Seabed Classification 1 A Bibliography of Acoustic Seabed Classification L.J. Hamilton(1)(2) (1) Defence Science and Technology Organisation (DSTO) PO Box 44, Pyrmont, NSW 2009, Australia Email: [email protected] (2) CRC For Coastal Zone, Estuary and Waterway Management Table of Contents Abstract .................................................................................................................................... 3 Introduction.............................................................................................................................. 3 Acknowledgements.................................................................................................................. 3 Acoustic Seabed Classification................................................................................................ 4 Scientific & Technical Papers On The Use Of Roxann From The Stenmar Website ........ 45 Papers Mostly Dealing With Roxann From The Sonavision Website ............................... 50 Multibeam.............................................................................................................................. 55 Parametric Arrays .................................................................................................................. 77 Sidescan Sonar ....................................................................................................................... 79 Sub Bottom Profiling ........................................................................................................... 102 References Not Incorporated Into Main Document............................................................. 103 NATO SACLANTCEN Conference on High Frequency Acoustics in Shallow- Water, Lerici, Italy, 30 June to 4 July, 1997. ................................................................... 103 Proceedings of the 4th European Conference on Underwater Acoustics, 1998............... 106 Selected abstracts from ECUA 2000 ................................................................................ 107 OCEANS 2000 MTS/IEEE Conference and Exhibition .................................................. 114 IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering Special Issue 2002............................................... 117 GAC Special Session SS8: Geology of Marine Habitat - Oral Presentations.................. 119 GAC Special Session SS8: Geology of Marine Habitat - Poster Presentations ............... 120 ISACS Reports ................................................................................................................. 121 Colloque "Caractérisation in-situ des fonds marins"........................................................ 128 2 Abstract This bibliography lists references to papers, reports, abstracts and proceedings dealing with seabed classification or habitat mapping using acoustic techniques. Classification of seabed type may be made by using conventional single beam echosounders, or by technically more complex swathe sidescan and multibeam sonars. The systems process acoustic echoes from the seabed stimulated by sonar pings to produces estimates of seabed type and bottom backscatter. A few references are included for parametric systems and sub-bottom profilers. Papers deal with all facets of seabed acoustics, including theory and techniques, but the bulk of the references report empirical calibration and mapping results. Introduction This document lists papers dealing with acoustic seabed classification, for normal incidence systems using conventional single beam echosounders, and for multibeam and sidescan swathe sonar systems. A few references on parametric systems and sub-bottom profiling are also included. Acoustic bottom classifiers process the return echoes received by echosounders or sonars to make an estimation of seabed type e.g. mud, sand, gravel, rock; or alternatively, of habitat characteristics. The bibliography is unannotated, and papers have not been scanned for relevance or scientific content. Although merely a bare listing, the scope covered by the references should be useful to those seeking information about acoustic bottom classification, or on habitation classification methods for single beam, sidescan and multibeam sonar systems. Publications cover the gamut of underwater acoustics, biology, geology, signal processing, computing, visualization, and engineering. The use of acoustics for seabed mapping is increasingly popular, and has spawned a growing number of papers, but is still an active field of research. Acknowledgements CSIRO Marine Laboratories Australia provided some references. Some others were obtained from the web published document: Kvitek, R., Iampietro, P., Sandoval, E., Castleton, M., Bretz, C., Manouki, T. and Green, A. (1999). ‘Early Implementation of Nearshore Ecosystem Database Project. Final Report. Task 2: Habitat metadata catalog. Task 3: Review of procedures, protocols, technologies and providers for nearshore marine habitat mapping’. SIVA Resource Centre, Institute for Earth Systems Science and Policy, California State University, Monterey Bay 100 Campus Center, Seaside, CA 93955, USA. 131pp. [http://seafloor.Monterey.edu/~cahabmap/html%202%20web/finalreport.htm] 3 Acoustic Seabed Classification Acoustic Seabed Classification Ainslie, M.A. (2005). The effect of centimetre scale impedance layering on the normal-incidence seabed reflection coefficient. Boundary influences in high frequency, shallow water acoustics University of Bath, UK 5th-9th September 2005. [http://acoustics2005.bath.ac.uk/Abstracts/abstracts.html] Alexandrou, D. and Pantzartzis, D. (1993). A methodology for acoustic seafloor classification. IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering, 18(2): 81-86, Apr 1993. Altenburg, R.A., K.W. Rehnn, and N.P. Chotiros. (1995). Sediment Classification and Bathymetry Data Acquired from the AN/UQN-4 Depth Sounder in Support of MTEDS. Austin, TX: University of Texas, Austin, Applied Research Laboratories, 25 October 1995. 55p. Anderson, A., Butzi L., Lyons A., Abegg F., and Orsi T. (1994). Modelling acoustic interaction with as gassy seafloor including examples from Eckernförde Bay. Gassy Mud Workshop, 90-94. Anderson, A.L., Abegg, F., Hawkins, J.A., Duncan, M.E. and Lyons, A.P. (1998). Bubble populations and acoustic interaction with the gassy floor of Eckernförde Bay. Continental Shelf Research, 18(14-15): 1807-1838. Anderson A. L., Lyons A. P., Abegg F., Duncan M. E., Hawkins J. A. and Weitz R. A. (1995). Modeling acoustic volume scattering by a bubbly mud seafloor with examples from Eckernförde Bay. Workshop Modelling Methane-Rich Sediments of Eckernförde Bay, 243-245. Anderson, J.T. (2001). Classification of marine habitats using submersible and acoustic seabed techniques. Spatial Processes and Management of Marine Populations, Alaska Sea Grant College Program, AK-SG-01-02. Anderson, J.T., Gregory R.S. and Collins W.T. (2002). Acoustic classification of marine habitats in coastal Newfoundland. ICES Journal of Marine Science, February 2002, vol. 59, iss. 1, pp. 156-167. [QTC] Andrieux, N., Delachartre P., Vray D., Gimenez G. and Dziedzic A. (1995). Lake-bottom recognition using a wideband sonar system and time frequency analysis. J. Acoust. Soc. Am., 98(1) p.552-559. Anon (1995). Mapping fresh-water sediments with an acoustic bottom-discrimination system. Lake and Reservoir Management. Anonymous (1995). Automatic Detection and Mapping of Submerged Aquatic Vegetation - the SAV Early Warning System (SAVEWS) - U.S. Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station Information Package, Vicksburg, MS. 3pp Applied Physics Laboratory (1984). APL-UW-8407. Applied Physics Laboratory, University of Washington, Seattle. Applied Physics Laboratory (1989). High Frequency Ocean Environmental Acoustic Models. Technical Report APL-UW TR-8907, November 1989. Applied Physics Laboratory, University of Washington, Seattle. Applied Physics Laboratory (1994). APL-UW High Frequency Ocean Environmental Acoustic Models Handbook. Technical Report APL-UW TR-9407, October 1994. Applied Physics Laboratory, University of Washington, Seattle. 4 Acoustic Seabed Classification Aquatic Services Unit. (1998). Distribution of maerl beds in Irish waters and their potential for sustainable extraction-mapping using the RoxAnn system. Irish Hydrodata Limited, Bellygarvan, Cork. Auster, P.J., C. Michalopoulos, R. Robertson, P.C. Valentine, K. Joy, and V. Cross. (1998). Use of acoustic methods for classification and monitoring of seafloor habitat complexity: description of approaches, in N.W. Munro and J.H.M. Willison (eds), Linking Protected Areas with Working Landscapes, Conserving Biodiversity. Science and Management of Protected Areas Association, Wolfville, Nova Scotia, pp 186-197. Baffi, S.T., R.H. Wilkens, M.D. Richardson, S.S. Fu and S.R. Griffin. In situ acoustic dispersion in shallow carbonate sands, 20-100 kHz. Submitted Journal of the Acoustical Society of America. Baker, A.C., Anastasiadis, K. and Humphrey, V.F. (1988). The non-linear pressure field of a plane circular piston: theory and experiment. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 1988, 84 (4), pp.1483-1487. Bakiera, D. and Stepnowski, A. (1996). Method of the sea bottom classification with a division of the first echo signal. Proceedings of the XIIIth Symposium on Hydroacoustics, Gdynia- Jurata, 55-60. Bates, C.R. and Whitehead, E.J. (2001). ECHOplus measurements in Hopavagen Bay, Norway. The Oceanography Society, Biennial Scientific Meeting, April 2001. Bates, R., Davies, J. and B. Foster-Smith. (2001). Using
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Marine Mammals Around Marine Renewable Energy Devices Using Active Sonar
    TRACKING MARINE MAMMALS AROUND MARINE RENEWABLE ENERGY DEVICES USING ACTIVE SONAR GORDON HASTIE URN: 12D/328: 31 JULY 2013 This document was produced as part of the UK Department of Energy and Climate Change's offshore energy Strategic Environmental Assessment programme © Crown Copyright, all rights reserved. 1 SMRU Limited New Technology Centre North Haugh ST ANDREWS Fife KY16 9SR www.smru.co.uk Switch: +44 (0)1334 479100 Fax: +44 (0)1334 477878 Lead Scientist: Gordon Hastie Scientific QA: Carol Sparling Date: Wednesday, 31 July 2013 Report code: SMRUL-DEC-2012-002.v2 This report is to be cited as: Hastie, G.D. (2012). Tracking marine mammals around marine renewable energy devices using active sonar. SMRU Ltd report URN:12D/328 to the Department of Energy and Climate Change. September 2012 (unpublished). Approved by: Jared Wilson Operations Manager1 1 Photo credit (front page): R Shucksmith (www.rshucksmith.co.uk) 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS Table of Contents ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3 Table of Figures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 5 1. Non technical summary --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 9 2. Introduction ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 12
    [Show full text]
  • REPORT on the CONDUCT of the 2021 WORLD HYDROGRAPHY DAY CELEBRATION in NIGERIA-1.Pdf
    Advancements and the Future Outlook of Charting the Nigerian Navigation Channel Chukwuemeka C. Onyebuchi1, Franklin E. Onyeagoro2 and Peter O. Aimah3 1Polaris Integrated and Geosolutions Limited, [email protected] 2Federal University of Technology Owerri, [email protected] 3Polaris Integrated and Geosolutions Limited, [email protected] ABSTRACT The need for achieving safe waterways for navigation, engineering, exploration, security and other marine operations cannot be overemphasized and should be attained using precise methods and equipment. The Hydrographic process still remains the only systematic means through which spatial information about our marine environment (oceans, seas, rivers etc.) are acquired for charting purposes so as to aid analysis and decision making. In Nigeria today, most marine operations and mostly the Nigerian Navy is dependent on the Hydrographic process for smooth operations required for security, trading, engineering etc. therefore maintaining the integrity of the hydrographic process is of uttermost importance. To maintain the integrity of the hydrographic process used for charting our navigational channels, the progressive evolution of this process shall be assessed: from the earliest methods that directly sounded navigational channels using weighted lead lines and graduated poles to provide water depths to Wire Drag methods used to identify physical features on the marine environment, then to the 1930s when acoustic waves were applied in the Echo Sounder to indirectly ascertain seabed profile, and the use of instruments like Multi Beam Echo Sounders, Magnetometer, Side Scan Sonar, etc. for detailed Bathymetric and Geophysical Survey Projects, and presently to the use of Remotely Operated Vehicles (ROV) and satellites in space to monitor sea level rise.
    [Show full text]
  • Chapter 5 Water Levels and Flow
    253 CHAPTER 5 WATER LEVELS AND FLOW 1. INTRODUCTION The purpose of this chapter is to provide the hydrographer and technical reader the fundamental information required to understand and apply water levels, derived water level products and datums, and water currents to carry out field operations in support of hydrographic surveying and mapping activities. The hydrographer is concerned not only with the elevation of the sea surface, which is affected significantly by tides, but also with the elevation of lake and river surfaces, where tidal phenomena may have little effect. The term ‘tide’ is traditionally accepted and widely used by hydrographers in connection with the instrumentation used to measure the elevation of the water surface, though the term ‘water level’ would be more technically correct. The term ‘current’ similarly is accepted in many areas in connection with tidal currents; however water currents are greatly affected by much more than the tide producing forces. The term ‘flow’ is often used instead of currents. Tidal forces play such a significant role in completing most hydrographic surveys that tide producing forces and fundamental tidal variations are only described in general with appropriate technical references in this chapter. It is important for the hydrographer to understand why tide, water level and water current characteristics vary both over time and spatially so that they are taken fully into account for survey planning and operations which will lead to successful production of accurate surveys and charts. Because procedures and approaches to measuring and applying water levels, tides and currents vary depending upon the country, this chapter covers general principles using documented examples as appropriate for illustration.
    [Show full text]
  • The 10Th EAA International Symposium on Hydroacoustics Jastrzębia Góra, Poland, May 17 – 20, 2016
    ARCHIVES OF ACOUSTICS Copyright c 2016 by PAN – IPPT Vol. 41, No. 2, pp. 355–373 (2016) DOI: 10.1515/aoa-2016-0038 The 10th EAA International Symposium on Hydroacoustics Jastrzębia Góra, Poland, May 17 – 20, 2016 The 10th EAA International Symposium on Hy- Dr. Christopher Jenkins: Backscatter from In- droacoustics, which is also the 33rd Symposium on • tensely Biological Seabeds – Benthos Simulation Hydroacoustics in memory of Prof. Leif Børnø orga- Approaches; nized in Poland, will take place from May 17 to 20, Prof. Eugeniusz Kozaczka: Technical Support for 2016, in Jastrzębia Góra. It will be a forum for re- • National Border Protection on Vistula Lagoon and searchers, who are developing hydroacoustics and re- Vistula Spit; lated issues. The Symposium is organized by the Prof. Andrzej Nowicki et al.: Estimation of Ra- Gdańsk University of Technology and the Polish Naval • dial Artery Reactive Response using 20 MHz Ul- Academy. trasound; The Scientific Committee comprises of the world – Prof. Jerzy Wiciak: Advances in Structural Noise class experts in this field, coming from, among others, • Germany, UK, USA, Taiwan, Norway, Greece, Russia, Reduction in Fluid. Turkey and Poland. The chairman of Scientific Com- All accepted papers will be published in the periodical mittee is Prof. Eugeniusz Kozaczka, who is the Pres- “Hydroacoustics”. ident of Committee on Acoustics Polish Academy of Sciences and Chairman of Technical Committee Hy- droacoustics of European Acoustics Association. Abstracts The Symposium will include invited lectures, struc-
    [Show full text]
  • Acoustic Seabed and Target Classification Using Fractional
    University of New Orleans ScholarWorks@UNO University of New Orleans Theses and Dissertations Dissertations and Theses 12-15-2006 Acoustic Seabed and Target Classification using rF actional Fourier Transform and Time-Frequency Transform Techniques Madalina Barbu University of New Orleans Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.uno.edu/td Recommended Citation Barbu, Madalina, "Acoustic Seabed and Target Classification using rF actional Fourier Transform and Time-Frequency Transform Techniques" (2006). University of New Orleans Theses and Dissertations. 480. https://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/480 This Dissertation is protected by copyright and/or related rights. It has been brought to you by ScholarWorks@UNO with permission from the rights-holder(s). You are free to use this Dissertation in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s) directly, unless additional rights are indicated by a Creative Commons license in the record and/ or on the work itself. This Dissertation has been accepted for inclusion in University of New Orleans Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks@UNO. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Acoustic Seabed and Target Classication using Fractional Fourier Transform and Time-Frequency Transform Techniques A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the University of New Orleans in partial fulllment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Engineering and Applied Sciences by Madalina Barbu B.S./MS, Physics, University of Bucharest, Romania, 1993 MS, Electrical Engineering, University of New Orleans, 2001 December, 2006 c 2006, Madalina Barbu ii To my family iii Acknowledgments I would like to express my appreciation to Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • Depth Measuring Techniques
    EM 1110-2-1003 1 Jan 02 Chapter 9 Single Beam Acoustic Depth Measurement Techniques 9-1. General Scope and Applications Single beam acoustic depth sounding is by far the most widely used depth measurement technique in USACE for surveying river and harbor navigation projects. Acoustic depth sounding was first used in the Corps back in the 1930s but did not replace reliance on lead line depth measurement until the 1950s or 1960s. A variety of acoustic depth systems are used throughout the Corps, depending on project conditions and depths. These include single beam transducer systems, multiple transducer channel sweep systems, and multibeam sweep systems. Although multibeam systems are increasingly being used for surveys of deep-draft projects, single beam systems are still used by the vast majority of districts. This chapter covers the principles of acoustic depth measurement for traditional vertically mounted, single beam systems. Many of these principles are also applicable to multiple transducer sweep systems and multibeam systems. This chapter especially focuses on the critical calibrations required to maintain quality control in single beam echo sounding equipment. These criteria are summarized in Table 9-6 at the end of this chapter. 9-2. Principles of Acoustic Depth Measurement Reference water surface Transducer Outgoing signal VVeeloclocityty Transmitted and returned acoustic pulse Time Velocity X Time Draft d M e a s ure 2d depth is function of: Indexndex D • pulse travel time (t) • pulse velocity in water (v) D = 1/2 * v * t Reflected signal Figure 9-1. Acoustic depth measurement 9-1 EM 1110-2-1003 1 Jan 02 a.
    [Show full text]
  • Cetacean Population Density Estimation from Single Fixed Sensors Using Passive Acoustics
    Cetacean population density estimation from single fixed sensors using passive acoustics Elizabeth T. Ku¨sela) and David K. Mellinger Cooperative Institute for Marine Resources Studies (CIMRS), Oregon State University, Hatfield Marine Science Center, Newport, Oregon 97365 Len Thomas Centre for Research into Ecological and Environmental Modelling, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews KY16 9LZ, Scotland Tiago A. Marques Centro de Estatı´stica e Aplicac¸o˜es da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal David Moretti and Jessica Ward Naval Undersea Warfare Center Division, Newport, Rhode Island 02841 (Received 17 December 2010; revised 18 March 2011; accepted 30 March 2011) Passive acoustic methods are increasingly being used to estimate animal population density. Most density estimation methods are based on estimates of the probability of detecting calls as functions of distance. Typically these are obtained using receivers capable of localizing calls or from studies of tagged animals. However, both approaches are expensive to implement. The approach described here uses a MonteCarlo model to estimate the probability of detecting calls from single sensors. The passive sonar equation is used to predict signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) of received clicks, which are then combined with a detector characterization that predicts probability of detection as a func- tion of SNR. Input distributions for source level, beam pattern, and whale depth are obtained from the literature. Acoustic propagation modeling is used to estimate transmission loss. Other inputs for density estimation are call rate, obtained from the literature, and false positive rate, obtained from manual analysis of a data sample. The method is applied to estimate density of Blainville’s beaked whales over a 6-day period around a single hydrophone located in the Tongue of the Ocean, Baha- mas.
    [Show full text]
  • Assessment of Natural and Anthropogenic Sound Sources and Acoustic Propagation in the North Sea
    UNCLASSIFIED Oude Waalsdorperweg 63 P.O. Box 96864 2509 JG The Hague The Netherlands TNO report www.tno.nl TNO-DV 2009 C085 T +31 70 374 00 00 F +31 70 328 09 61 [email protected] Assessment of natural and anthropogenic sound sources and acoustic propagation in the North Sea Date February 2009 Author(s) Dr. M.A. Ainslie, Dr. C.A.F. de Jong, Dr. H.S. Dol, Dr. G. Blacquière, Dr. C. Marasini Assignor The Netherlands Ministry of Transport, Public Works and Water Affairs; Directorate-General for Water Affairs Project number 032.16228 Classification report Unclassified Title Unclassified Abstract Unclassified Report text Unclassified Appendices Unclassified Number of pages 110 (incl. appendices) Number of appendices 1 All rights reserved. No part of this report may be reproduced and/or published in any form by print, photoprint, microfilm or any other means without the previous written permission from TNO. All information which is classified according to Dutch regulations shall be treated by the recipient in the same way as classified information of corresponding value in his own country. No part of this information will be disclosed to any third party. In case this report was drafted on instructions, the rights and obligations of contracting parties are subject to either the Standard Conditions for Research Instructions given to TNO, or the relevant agreement concluded between the contracting parties. Submitting the report for inspection to parties who have a direct interest is permitted. © 2009 TNO Summary Title : Assessment of natural and anthropogenic sound sources and acoustic propagation in the North Sea Author(s) : Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • Hydrographic Surveys Specifications and Deliverables
    HYDROGRAPHIC SURVEYS SPECIFICATIONS AND DELIVERABLES March 2019 U.S. Department of Commerce National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Ocean Service Contents 1 Introduction ......................................................................................................................................1 1.1 Change Management ............................................................................................................................................. 2 1.2 Changes from April 2018 ...................................................................................................................................... 2 1.3 Definitions ............................................................................................................................................................... 4 1.3.1 Hydrographer ................................................................................................................................................. 4 1.3.2 Navigable Area Survey .................................................................................................................................. 4 1.4 Pre-Survey Assessment ......................................................................................................................................... 5 1.5 Environmental Compliance .................................................................................................................................. 5 1.6 Dangers to Navigation ..........................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Sonar: Empire, Media, and the Politics of Underwater Sound
    Sonar: Empire, Media, and the Politics of Underwater Sound John Shiga Ryerson University ABSTRACT This article traces the development of acoustic navigation media, or “sonar,” in the first half of the twentieth century, focusing on the relationships forged between underwater sound, electric media, and new techniques of listening. The central argument is that sonar shaped, and was shaped by, the expansion of warfare and capital underwater, and that this expansion came to be conceptualized by nautical organizations as dependent upon the con - trol of underwater sound. Through analysis of key episodes in the conquest of subsea space, the author explores scientific, military, and commercial efforts to sense underwater objects and demonstrates how these efforts helped reconceptualize oceanic water as a component of undersea acoustic media and led to the material reorganization of the ocean’s acoustic field. KEYWORDS Sonar; Military communication; Materiality; Subjectivity RÉSUMÉ Cet article retrace le développement de médias acoustiques de navigation ou « sonars » dans la première moitié du vingtième siècle en mettant l’accent sur les rapports créés entre les sons sous-marins, les médias électriques et les nouvelles techniques d’écoute. L’argument central de l’article est qu’il y a eu une influence réciproque entre le sonar et l’expansion sous-marine de la guerre et du capital, et que les organisations nautiques ont commencé à concevoir cette expansion comme nécessitant le contrôle des sons sous-marins. Au moyen d’une analyse d’épisodes clés dans la conquête de l’espace sous-marin, l’auteur explore les efforts scientifiques, militaires et commerciaux pour repérer les objets sous l’eau et démontre comment ces efforts ont aidé à réaliser une nouvelle conception de l’eau océanique comme composante des médias acoustiques sous-marins, menant à une réorganisation matérielle du champ acoustique de l’océan.
    [Show full text]
  • Underwater 3D Data Collection ______
    Worcester Polytechnic Institute Electrical and Computer Engineering Program Mechanical Engineering Program Underwater 3D Data Collection __________________________________________________________ A Major Qualifying Project Report Submitted to the Faculty of WORCESTER POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Bachelor of Science by: Noah Budris, ME Tyler LaCroce, ECE Daniel Pelaez, ECE __________________________________________________________________ Project Advisor: Professor William Michalson Date: March 6, 2020 Abstract: Each year, thousands of pounds of marine litter are lost at sea. This litter consists primarily of lost cargo containers, lost fishing gear, and general garbage. This marine litter not only causes harm to the aquatic ecosystem, but makes up billions of dollars of lost revenue. With methods of 3D data collection becoming cheaper and more prevalent, a solution to recover lost items is more possible than ever. This report outlines our contribution to solving this problem by providing a detailed analysis of a constructed prototype that utilizes sonar in conjunction with a visualization program, an amplification circuit, and a mobile floatation platform to map the bottom of a water body. Ideally, man-made discrepancies discovered by this device will alert the end user, allowing for them to continually manage the amount of marine litter that ends up lost, and prevent it from getting larger. 1 Acknowledgements: This research was supported by Worcester Polytechnic Institute. We would like to thank our advisor, Professor William Michalson of Worcester Polytechnic Institute for his continued support and guidance throughout our research and the MQP process as a whole. We would like to thank Nicholas Pulsone, John Pietrzyk, and Paul Ryu from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology for providing us with one of the sonar devices used for initial testing and understanding of sonar functionality.
    [Show full text]
  • Landsat Continuing to Improve Everyday Life
    How Landsat Helps: BATHYMETRY Avoiding Rock Bottom: How Landsat Aids Nautical Charting | Laura E.P. Rocchio On the most recent nautical chart of territorial waters in the U.S. Exclusive hydrographic surveying capabilities (the Above: Chart inlay of the Dry Tortugas, a grouping of islands Economic Zone (EEZ), a combined area ability to measure and map water depths). Tortugas Harbor which that lies seventy miles west of Key West, of 3.4 million square nautical miles that The job is sizable and expensive. While the Florida, Landsat data provided the extends 200 nautical miles offshore from Army Corps of Engineers is responsible surrounds Garden Key where estimated water depths for areas too the nation’s coastline. The U.S. has the for maintaining the depth of shipping Fort Jefferson is located. shallow and difficult to be reached by the largest EEZ of all nations in the world channels, providing bathymetry everywhere The depth measurements around the key (within National Oceanographic and Atmospheric but, as of 2015, it ranked behind 18 other else in U.S. waters is NOAA’s duty. } Administration’s (NOAA) surveying ships. nations in the number of vessels with the thick purple line) were made using Landsat data. It was sometime between 1840 and 1939 that the sections of water surrounding In-page: The most recent the islands were last formally surveyed. NOAA nautical chart of Since that time, Dry Tortugas National Florida’s Dry Tortugas Park was established and the park—along (Chart 11438). The purple with its hundreds of shipwrecks, pristine polygons, including the area beaches, and clear water—has become around Garden Key where popular with recreational boat cruisers.
    [Show full text]