ROLL 1 NSDAP Hauptparteileitung, Ed., Nationalsozialistisches
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Armenian Genocide and the Jewish Holocaust: from Impunity to Retributive Justice*
The Historical and Legal Interconnections Between the Armenian Genocide and the Jewish Holocaust: From Impunity to Retributive Justice* Vahakn N. Dadrian I. INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................. 504 II. THE HISTORICAL BACKGROUND AND AFTERMATH OF THE ARMENIAN GENOCIDE ............... 507 A. Outlines of the Problem .......................................................................... 507 B. Conflict in the U.S. Government Regarding the Lausanne Treaty ........................ 511 M. COMPARATIVE ASPECTS OF THE TwO CASES ........................................................... 517 A. The Historical Vulnerability of the Jews and Armenians to Victimization ............... 517 B. The Factorsof Power and Opportunity........................................................ 519 C. Strategiesfor Taking Advantage of the Opportunity Structure ............................ 521 1. The Use of Wartime Emergency Powers by the Executive ......................... 521 2. The Role of PoliticalParties ........................................................... 524 3. Trial Balloons ............................................................................. 529 IV. THE ARMENIAN GENOCIDE AS A PRECEDENT AND A PRECURSOR OF THE HOLOCAUST ........... 531 A. Nazi Germany's Knowledge of the Fate of the Armenians ................................. 532 B. Hitler'sAppreciation of the Armenian Genocide............................................. 537 C. The Legacy of Genghis Kum as a Functional -
Chapter 5. Between Gleichschaltung and Revolution
Chapter 5 BETWEEN GLEICHSCHALTUNG AND REVOLUTION In the summer of 1935, as part of the Germany-wide “Reich Athletic Com- petition,” citizens in the state of Schleswig-Holstein witnessed the following spectacle: On the fi rst Sunday of August propaganda performances and maneuvers took place in a number of cities. Th ey are supposed to reawaken the old mood of the “time of struggle.” In Kiel, SA men drove through the streets in trucks bearing … inscriptions against the Jews … and the Reaction. One [truck] carried a straw puppet hanging on a gallows, accompanied by a placard with the motto: “Th e gallows for Jews and the Reaction, wherever you hide we’ll soon fi nd you.”607 Other trucks bore slogans such as “Whether black or red, death to all enemies,” and “We are fi ghting against Jewry and Rome.”608 Bizarre tableau were enacted in the streets of towns around Germany. “In Schmiedeberg (in Silesia),” reported informants of the Social Democratic exile organization, the Sopade, “something completely out of the ordinary was presented on Sunday, 18 August.” A no- tice appeared in the town paper a week earlier with the announcement: “Reich competition of the SA. On Sunday at 11 a.m. in front of the Rathaus, Sturm 4 R 48 Schmiedeberg passes judgment on a criminal against the state.” On the appointed day, a large crowd gathered to watch the spectacle. Th e Sopade agent gave the setup: “A Nazi newspaper seller has been attacked by a Marxist mob. In the ensuing melee, the Marxists set up a barricade. -
The Development and Character of the Nazi Political Machine, 1928-1930, and the Isdap Electoral Breakthrough
Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses Graduate School 1976 The evelopmeD nt and Character of the Nazi Political Machine, 1928-1930, and the Nsdap Electoral Breakthrough. Thomas Wiles Arafe Jr Louisiana State University and Agricultural & Mechanical College Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses Recommended Citation Arafe, Thomas Wiles Jr, "The eD velopment and Character of the Nazi Political Machine, 1928-1930, and the Nsdap Electoral Breakthrough." (1976). LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses. 2909. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses/2909 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses by an authorized administrator of LSU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. INFORMATION TO USERS This material was produced from a microfilm copy of the original document. While the most advanced technological means to photograph and reproduce this document have been used, the quality is heavily dependent upon the quality of the original submitted. « The following explanation of techniques is provided to help you understand markings or patterns which may appear on this reproduction. 1.The sign or "target" for pages apparently lacking from the document photographed is "Missing Page(s)". If it was possible to obtain the missing pega(s) or section, they are spliced into the film along with adjacent pages. This may have necessitated cutting thru an image and duplicating adjacent pages to insure you complete continuity. 2. When an image on the film is obliterated with a large round black mark, it is an indication that the photographer suspected that the copy may have moved during exposure and thus cause a blurred image. -
HBO and the HOLOCAUST: CONSPIRACY, the HISTORICAL FILM, and PUBLIC HISTORY at WANNSEE Nicholas K. Johnson Submitted to the Facul
HBO AND THE HOLOCAUST: CONSPIRACY, THE HISTORICAL FILM, AND PUBLIC HISTORY AT WANNSEE Nicholas K. Johnson Submitted to the faculty of the University Graduate School in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Master of Arts in the Department of History, Indiana University December 2016 Accepted by the Graduate Faculty, Indiana University, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts. Master’s Thesis Committee __________________________________ Raymond J. Haberski, Ph.D., Chair __________________________________ Thorsten Carstensen, Ph.D. __________________________________ Kevin Cramer, Ph.D. ii Acknowledgements First, I would like to thank the members of my committee for supporting this project and offering indispensable feedback and criticism. I would especially like to thank my chair, Ray Haberski, for being one of the most encouraging advisers I have ever had the pleasure of working with and for sharing his passion for film and history with me. Thorsten Carstensen provided his fantastic editorial skills and for all the times we met for lunch during my last year at IUPUI. I would like to thank Kevin Cramer for awakening my interest in German history and for all of his support throughout my academic career. Furthermore, I would like to thank Jason M. Kelly, Claudia Grossmann, Anita Morgan, Rebecca K. Shrum, Stephanie Rowe, Modupe Labode, Nancy Robertson, and Philip V. Scarpino for all the ways in which they helped me during my graduate career at IUPUI. I also thank the IUPUI Public History Program for admitting a Germanist into the Program and seeing what would happen. I think the experiment paid off. -
Luxembourg Resistance to the German Occupation of the Second World War, 1940-1945
LUXEMBOURG RESISTANCE TO THE GERMAN OCCUPATION OF THE SECOND WORLD WAR, 1940-1945 by Maureen Hubbart A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree MASTER OF ARTS Major Subject: History West Texas A&M University Canyon, TX December 2015 ABSTRACT The history of Luxembourg’s resistance against the German occupation of World War II has rarely been addressed in English-language scholarship. Perhaps because of the country’s small size, it is often overlooked in accounts of Western European History. However, Luxembourgers experienced the German occupation in a unique manner, in large part because the Germans considered Luxembourgers to be ethnically and culturally German. The Germans sought to completely Germanize and Nazify the Luxembourg population, giving Luxembourgers many opportunities to resist their oppressors. A study of French, German, and Luxembourgian sources about this topic reveals a people that resisted in active and passive, private and public ways. ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank Dr. Elizabeth Clark for her guidance in helping me write my thesis and for sharing my passion about the topic of underground resistance. My gratitude also goes to Dr. Brasington for all of his encouragement and his suggestions to improve my writing process. My thanks to the entire faculty in the History Department for their support and encouragement. This thesis is dedicated to my family: Pete and Linda Hubbart who played with and took care of my children for countless hours so that I could finish my degree; my husband who encouraged me and always had a joke ready to help me relax; and my parents and those members of my family living in Europe, whose history kindled my interest in the Luxembourgian resistance. -
2. Ausgabe 2021
Griesstätter Gemeindeblatt 2. Ausgabe 2021 Erscheinungstag: 13. März 2021 Termine vom 13. März bis 25. April 2021 Foto: Hilde Fuchs "Frühlingsbote Zwerg-Iris" Seite 2 Ausgabe 2 - 2021 Ausgabe 2 - 2021 Seite 3 Inhalt: Seite Grußwort des 2. Bürgermeisters Aus dem Rathaus FFP2-Masken-Pflicht am Wertstoffhof Impressum .........................................................................2 Sehr geehrte Mitbürgerinnen und Wir bitten alle Bürgerinnen und Bürger um Beachtung, Grußwort des 2. Bürgermeisters .......................................2 Mitbürger, Stellenangebote dass das Betreten des Griesstätter Wertstoffhofes nur mit FFP2-Maske erlaubt ist. Das Personal des Wertstoffhofes Aus dem Rathaus ...........................................................3-6 da der Redaktionsschluss für die Die Gemeindeverwaltung sucht zum nächstmöglichen wurde angewiesen, den Besuch des Wertstoffhofes nur Aus den Sitzungen des Gemeinderates ..........................6-8 März-Ausgabe unseres Gemein- Zeitpunkt eine/n Verwaltungsfachangestellte/n (m/w/d) mit FFP2-Maske zuzulassen. deblattes in die Urlaubszeit des 1. Soziales ......................................................................... 9-10 in Vollzeit als Mutterschutz- und Elternzeitvertretung. Wei- Bürgermeister fällt, darf ich dieses tere Informationen zum Stellen- und Anforderungsprofil Aus der Gemeindebücherei .............................................11 Mal einige Worte an Sie richten. Gemeindeverwaltung nach wie vor geschlossen bzw. zu den Einstellungsvoraussetzungen finden Sie auf -
51 20 Sommerfaltkarte EN.Indd
Want to see the towns and villages on the map? Please turn over! 1 Good to know 2 Region & people 1.1 Tourism Boards Long-distance hiking MTB Climbing Families X 1.2 Travelling to Tirol 2.1 Tirol‘s Mountains XX 2.3 Food & Drink Telephone number & Towns and villages in this region e-mail address Webseite Region good for ARRIVING BY TRAIN coming from Switzerland Tirol is a land of mountains, home to more than 500 summits International Intercity via St. Anton am Arlberg. over 3,000 metres. The northern part of Tirol is dominated by 1 Achensee Tourismus Achenkirch, Maurach, Pertisau, +43.5246.5300-0 www.achensee.com trains run by the ÖBB Drivers using Austrian the Northern Limestone Alps, which include the Wetterstein Steinberg am Rofan [email protected] (Austrian Federal Rail- motorways must pay a and Kaiser Mountains, the Brandenberg and Lechtal Alps, the ways) are a comfortable way toll charge. Toll stickers Karwendel Mountains and the Mieming Mountains. The Sou- 2 Alpbachtal Alpbach, Brandenberg, Breitenbach am Inn, +43.5337.21200 www.alpbachtal.at to get to Tirol. The central (Vignetten) can be bought Brixlegg, Kramsach, Kundl, Münster, Radfeld, [email protected] thern Limestone Alps run along the borders with Carinthia Rattenberg, Reith im Alpbachtal train station in Innsbruck from Austrian automobile and Italy. They comprise the Carnic and Gailtal Alps as well serves as an important hub associations as well as at as the Lienz Dolomites. The Limestone Alps were formed long 3 Erste Ferienregion Aschau, Bruck am Ziller, Fügen, Fügenberg, +43.5288.62262 www.best-of-zillertal.at im Zillertal Gerlos, Hart, Hippach, Hochfügen, Kaltenbach, [email protected] and so do the stations at petrol stations and border ago by sediments of an ancient ocean. -
Nationalsozialistische Schulverwaltung in Hamburg. Vier Führungspersonen
H H H F HF Hamburger Historische Forschungen | Band 1 Hamburger Historische Forschungen | Band 12 Uwe Schmidt Nationalsozialistische Schul- verwaltung in Hamburg Nach dem Machtwechsel in Hamburg Neben Karl Witt waren dies die Prote- wurde am 8. März 1933 die Schulver- gés des Gauleiters und Reichsstatthal- Vier Führungspersonen waltung dem Deutschnationalen und ters Karl Kaufmann Wilhelm Schulz, späteren Nationalsozialisten Karl Witt Albert Henze und Ernst Schrewe. Ihre unterstellt. Umgestellt auf das natio- Nähe zum Machtzentrum um Kauf- nalsozialistische Führungsprinzip wur- mann führte zu sehr unterschiedlichen de sie in zunehmendem Maße für die formalen wie informellen Verankerun- Durchsetzung nationalsozialistischer gen in den Mechanismen des poly- Erziehungsvorstellungen instrumen- kratischen nationalsozialistischen talisiert. Diese wurden vor allem über Systems. Der politische Druck, der von die Personen durchgesetzt, welche die der Spitze der Schulverwaltung auf die Behörde leiteten oder aber durch in- Schulen ausgeübt wurde, verstärkte formell ausgeübte Macht dominierten. sich seit Kriegsbeginn und erreichte sei- Verdeutlicht wird daher die Position nen Höhepunkt in der Machtfülle und der vier schulbezogenen Funktionsträ- rücksichtslosen Machtausübung des ger im Macht- und Herrschaftssystem nationalsozialistischen Senatsdirektors des Hamburger Nationalsozialismus. und Gauschulungsleiters Albert Henze. Nationalsozialistische Schulverwaltung in Hamburg ISBN 978-3-937816-49-4 ISSN 1865-3294 2 Hamburg University Press Nationalsozialistische -
Die Deutsche Jugendbewegung
Deinz S. Rosenbusch Die deutsche Jugendbewegung in ihren pädagogischen Formen und Wirkungen dipa-Verlag Frankfurt am Main INHALT Seite Vorbemerkung 7 Abkürzungen 9 Einleitung 11 Erstes Kapitel 15 Die Phasen der deutschen Jugendbewegung I. Die gesellschaftliche Situation für die Entstehung der 15 Jugendbewegung 11. Die Schule als besonderer Kritikpunkt 19 III. Ludwig Gurlitts Bedeutung für die frühe Jugendbewegung 22 IV. Der geschichtliche Ablauf der Jugendbewegung 24 V. Topologische Darstellung der Jugendbewegung 37 VI. Das Verhältnis zur Schule 39 VII. Das Verhältnis der Jugendbewegung zu Parteien 44 VIII. Das Menschenbild der Jugendbewegung 50 Zweites Kapitel 63 Praxis und Prinzipien jugendbewegter Erziehung I. Erziehung als tertiäre, partikularistische Kategorie in der 63 vital-regressiven Phase 11. Hans Breuers Vorstellungen von der Erziehung zum Wandervogel- 67 deutschen III. Das Prinzip der Sel~sterziehung in der introversiv-reflektorischen 69 Phase 1. Die Erziehungsvorstellungen der studentischen Verbände 69 a) Die Akademischen Freischaren 69 b) Die Akademischen Vereinigungen 71 2_ Die Erziehungsvorstellungen des Wandervogels 72 3. Die DefInition der Selbsterziehung durch Bruno Lemke 73 4. P'adagogische Betrachtung der Meißnerformel 75 IV. Erziehung als gesellschaftliche Aufgabe in der utopisch-progressiven 76 Phase 1. Die Erfahrungen mit der Selbsterziehung im Krieg 76 2. Erziehung als gesellschaftlich defmiertes Engagement 78 3. Erziehungspolitische Forderungen der Jenaer Tagung - Erziehung 80 als Instrument der Revolution v. Der pädagogische Aktivismus der resignativ-sektiererischen Phase 83 VI. Die Gemeinschaft in ihrer Erziehungsfunktion ' 84 Drittes Kapitel 91 Das Führerturn als wichtige erzieherische Konponente der Jugendbewegung I. Vorbemerkungen 91 ll. Funktionsdifferenzierung der Führerrollen 92 llI. Führertypen der vital-regressiven Phase und die Bedeutung von 93 Führern flir die Entwicklung der Jugendbewegung überhaupt IV. -
Shirt Movements in Interwar Europe: a Totalitarian Fashion
Ler História | 72 | 2018 | pp. 151-173 SHIRT MOVEMENTS IN INTERWAR EUROPE: A TOTALITARIAN FASHION Juan Francisco Fuentes 151 Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain [email protected] The article deals with a typical phenomenon of the interwar period: the proliferation of socio-political movements expressing their “mood” and identity via a paramilitary uniform mainly composed of a coloured shirt. The analysis of 34 European shirt movements reveals some common features in terms of colour, ideology and chronology. Most of them were consistent with the logic and imagery of interwar totalitarianisms, which emerged as an alleged alternative to the decaying bourgeois society and its main political creation: the Parliamentary system. Unlike liBeral pluralism and its institutional expression, shirt move- ments embody the idea of a homogeneous community, based on a racial, social or cultural identity, and defend the streets, not the Ballot Boxes, as a new source of legitimacy. They perfectly mirror the overwhelming presence of the “brutalization of politics” (Mosse) and “senso-propaganda” (Chakhotin) in interwar Europe. Keywords: fascism, Nazism, totalitarianism, shirt movements, interwar period. Resumo (PT) no final do artigo. Résumé (FR) en fin d’article. “Of all items of clothing, shirts are the most important from a politi- cal point of view”, Eugenio Xammar, Berlin correspondent of the Spanish newspaper Ahora, wrote in 1932 (2005b, 74). The ability of the body and clothing to sublimate, to conceal or to express the intentions of a political actor was by no means a discovery of interwar totalitarianisms. Antoine de Baecque studied the political dimension of the body as metaphor in eighteenth-century France, paying special attention to the three specific func- tions that it played in the transition from the Ancien Régime to revolutionary France: embodying the state, narrating history and peopling ceremonies. -
Gregor-Strasser-And-The-Organisation-Of-The-Nazi-Party-1925-32
I This dissertation has been microfilmed exactly as received 66—14,650 DIXON, Joseph Murdock, 1932- GREGOR STRASSER AND THE ORGANIZATION OF THE NAZI PARTY, 1925-32. Stanford University, Ph.D., 1966 History, modem University Microfilms, Inc.,Ann Arbor, Michigan Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. GREGOR STRASSER AND THE ORGANIZATION OF THE NAZI PARTY, 1925-32 A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY AND THE COMMITTEE ON THE GRADUATE DIVISION OF STANFORD UNIVERSITY IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY By Joseph Murdock Dixon June 1966 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. I certify that I have read this thesis and that in my opinion it is fully adequate, in scope and quality, as a dissertation for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. cfY'<?L(rr< / A , . C. I certify that I have read this thesis and that in my opinion it is fully adequate, in scope and quality, as a dissertation for the degree - ™ ™ •’ 7 I certify that I have read this thesis and that in my opinion it is fully adequate, in scope and quality, as a dissertation for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Approved for the University Committee on the Graduate Division: /r. Dean of/theo 7 Graduate Division ii Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. TABLE OF CONTENTS Section Page I. GREGOR STRASSER AND THE NSDAP PRIOR TO 1925 . 1 II. THE NORTHERN ORGANIZATION PRIOR TO STRASSER . 45 HI. -
Werner Jochmann Nationalsozialismus Und
*1. rtllu'xr:" i;;g# P ; Z i H Wissenschaft liche Einrichtung an der Universität Hamburg Beim Schlump 83 20'144 Hamburg Nutzungsbedingungen der retrodigitalisierten Veröffenfl ichungen der Forschungsstelle für Zeitgeschichte in Hamburg Die retrodigitalisierten Veröffentlichungen der Forschungsstelle für Zeitgeschich- te in Hamburg (FZH) werden zur nichtkommerziellen Nutzung gebührenfrei an- gebotdn. Die digitalen Medien sind im lnternet frei zugänglich und können für persönliche und wissenschaftliche Zwecke heruntergeladen und verwendet wer- den. Jede Form der kommerziellen Verwendung (einschließlich elektronischer For- men) bedarf der vorherigen schriftlichen Zustimmung der FZH, vorbehalflich des Rechtes, die Nutzung im Einzelfall zu untersagen. Dies gilt insbesondere für die Aufnahme in kommerzielle Datenbanken. Die Verwendung zusammenhängender Teilbestände der retrodigitalisierten Ver- öffentlichungen auf nichtkommerziellen webseiten bedarf gesonderter Zustim- mung der FZH. Wir behalten uns das Recht vor, im Einzelfall die Nutzung auf Webseiten und in Publikationen zu untersagen. Es ist nicht gestattet, Texte, Bilder, Metadaten und andere lnformationen aus den retrodigitalisierten Veröffentlichungen zu ändern, an Dritte zu lizenzieren oder zu verkaufen. Mit dem Herunterladen von Texten und Daten erkennen Sie diese Nutzungs- bedingungen an. Dies schließt die Benutzerhaftung für die Einhaltung dieier Bedingungen beziehungsweise bei missbräuchlicher Verwendung jedweder Art ein. Kontakt: Forschungsstelle für Zeitgeschichte in Hamburg Beim