Culture of War
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Good Strategy, Bad Tactics: Limits, Challenges and Opportunities For
LIMITS, CHALLENGES, AND OPPORTUNITIES FOR MODERN COUNTERINSURGENCY by Natasha Schlenoff A thesis submitted to Johns Hopkins University in conformity with the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Global Security Studies Baltimore, Maryland August 2015 © 2015 Natasha Schlenoff All Rights Reserved ABSTRACT The overall goal of this thesis is to draw some conclusions about the kinds of strategies and tactics that those engaging in irregular warfare should employ. Given the increasing number of intrastate conflicts and future U.S. involvement in counterinsurgency, it is important for policy makers and strategists to be clear-eyed about viable ways to engage in irregular war. Thus, this paper’s analysis of previous counterinsurgency and stability operations, and estimate of the U.S. military’s institutional capacity to adapt to irregular warfare could serve as a useful guide for future force planning. The first and second chapters of this thesis examine divergent strategies in counterinsurgency and stability operations. Chapter One assesses whether indiscriminate force is strategically effective in national counterinsurgency campaigns. The findings of this chapter indicate that while indiscriminate force may be tactically effective in the near-term, indiscriminate force alone does not produce long-term success. Chapter Two assesses conditions for conflict and stability in Iraq, and why, despite similarly low levels of development and proximity to violence, some areas of Iraq are more stable than others. My research found the examined Shi’a and Kurdish communities in Iraq maintained stability as a result of ethnic homogenization and a capable local security force, rather than COIN and international development efforts. -
Insights from the Second Lebanon War
CHILDREN AND FAMILIES The RAND Corporation is a nonprofit institution that EDUCATION AND THE ARTS helps improve policy and decisionmaking through ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENT research and analysis. HEALTH AND HEALTH CARE This electronic document was made available from INFRASTRUCTURE AND www.rand.org as a public service of the RAND TRANSPORTATION Corporation. INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS LAW AND BUSINESS NATIONAL SECURITY Skip all front matter: Jump to Page 16 POPULATION AND AGING PUBLIC SAFETY SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Support RAND Browse Reports & Bookstore TERRORISM AND HOMELAND SECURITY Make a charitable contribution For More Information Visit RAND at www.rand.org Explore the RAND National Defense Research Institute View document details Limited Electronic Distribution Rights This document and trademark(s) contained herein are protected by law as indicated in a notice appearing later in this work. This electronic representation of RAND intellectual property is provided for non-commercial use only. Unauthorized posting of RAND electronic documents to a non-RAND website is prohibited. RAND electronic documents are protected under copyright law. Permission is required from RAND to reproduce, or reuse in another form, any of our research documents for commercial use. For information on reprint and linking permissions, please see RAND Permissions. This product is part of the RAND Corporation monograph series. RAND monographs present major research findings that address the challenges facing the public and private sectors. All RAND mono- graphs undergo rigorous peer review to ensure high standards for research quality and objectivity. All Glory Is Fleeting Insights from the Second Lebanon War Russell W. Glenn Prepared for the United States Joint Forces Command Approved for public release; distribution unlimited NATIONAL DEFENSE RESEARCH INSTITUTE The research described in this report was sponsored by the United States Joint Forces Command Joint Urban Operations Office. -
Urban/Rural Differences and the Culture War in the United States and Canada
URBAN/RURAL DIFFERENCES AND THE CULTURE WAR IN THE UNITED STATES AND CANADA By AARON A. SEGAERT, B.A., M.A. A Thesis Submitted to the School ofGraduate Studies in Partial Fulfilment ofthe Requirements for the Degree Doctor ofPhilosophy McMaster University © Copyright by Aaron A. Segaert, September 2008 DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY (2008) McMaster University (Sociology) Hamilton, Ontario TITLE: Urban/Rural Differences and the Culture War in the United States and Canada AUTHOR: Aaron A. Segaert, B.A. (University of Western Ontario), M.A. (University of Western Ontario). SUPERVISOR: Professor W. Peter Archibald COMMITTEE: Professor John Fox Professor Neil McLaughlin NUMBER OF PAGES: x, 112 ii ABSTRACT Recent national elections in the United States and Canada reveal an urban/rural cleavage in vote choice. This cleavage has been overshadowed by the red state/blue state analysis in the United States and dismissed as an artifact of demographic and regional differences in Canada; however, this voting gap appears to have emerged with the increasing salience of "culture war" issues in North American politics. Sociological theory suggests that there may be an affinity between urban and rural place of residence and the progressivist and traditionalist poles ofthe culture war which may explain urban/rural differences in vote choice. In the present study, urban/rural voting differences are assessed using election surveys from the Canadian Federal and United States Presidential Elections of 2004 and using aggregate data from Canadian Federal and United States Presidential Elections since 1920. The results show that the urban/rural gap has grown to its widest point in recent elections in both countries, coinciding with the reorganization of the right wing of Canadian party politics and the domination ofthe Republican Party by social conservatives in the United States. -
Unpopular Culture and Explore Its Critical Possibilities and Ramifications from a Large Variety of Perspectives
15 mm front 153 mm 8 mm 19,9 mm 8 mm front 153 mm 15 mm 15 mm TELEVISUAL CULTURE TELEVISUAL CULTURE This collection includes eighteen essays that introduce the concept of Lüthe and Pöhlmann (eds) unpopular culture and explore its critical possibilities and ramifications from a large variety of perspectives. Proposing a third term that operates beyond the dichotomy of high culture and mass culture and yet offers a fresh approach to both, these essays address a multitude of different topics that can all be classified as unpopular culture. From David Foster Wallace and Ernest Hemingway to Zane Grey, from Christian rock and country to clack cetal, from Steven Seagal to Genesis (Breyer) P-Orridge, from K-pop to The Real Housewives, from natural disasters to 9/11, from thesis hatements to professional sports, these essays find the unpopular across media and genres, and they analyze the politics and the aesthetics of an unpopular culture (and the unpopular in culture) that has not been duly recognized as such by the theories and methods of cultural studies. Martin Lüthe is an associate professor in North American Cultural Studies at the John F. Kennedy-Institute at Freie Universität Berlin. Unpopular Culture Sascha Pöhlmann is an associate professor in American Literary History at Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich. 240 mm Martin Lüthe and Sascha Pöhlmann (eds) Unpopular Culture ISBN: 978-90-8964-966-9 AUP.nl 9 789089 649669 15 mm Unpopular Culture Televisual Culture The ‘televisual’ names a media culture generally in which television’s multiple dimensions have shaped and continue to alter the coordinates through which we understand, theorize, intervene, and challenge contemporary media culture. -
Why Law and Society May Legitimately Prefer Heterosexuality
Case Western Reserve University School of Law Scholarly Commons Faculty Publications 2011 Straight Is Better: Why Law and Society May Legitimately Prefer Heterosexuality George W. Dent Jr. Case Western University School of Law, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarlycommons.law.case.edu/faculty_publications Part of the Civil Rights and Discrimination Commons Repository Citation Dent, George W. Jr., "Straight Is Better: Why Law and Society May Legitimately Prefer Heterosexuality" (2011). Faculty Publications. 506. https://scholarlycommons.law.case.edu/faculty_publications/506 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by Case Western Reserve University School of Law Scholarly Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Faculty Publications by an authorized administrator of Case Western Reserve University School of Law Scholarly Commons. TEXASFINAL STRAIGHT IS BETTER DENT FINAL AUG. UPDATE8/23/2011 3:15 PM STRAIGHT IS BETTER: WHY LAW AND SOCIETY MAY JUSTLY PREFER HETEROSEXUALITY GEORGE W. DENT, JR. * I. INTRODUCTION........................................................... 361 II. THE CONFLICT OVER HOMOSEXUALITY .................... 361 III. THE LEGITIMACY OF VALUE JUDGMENTS IN THE LAW ............................................................................ 363 IV. THE CATHOLIC NATURAL LAW PHILOSOPHY OF SEXUALITY ................................................................. 369 V. SOCIETY MAY LEGITIMATELY PREFER HETEROSEXUALITY AND TRADITIONAL MARRIAGE ... 371 A. The Intrinsic -
The Strategic Assessment Model (STRATAM): Studying and Preventing Strategic Failure
Publications 2014 The Strategic Assessment Model (STRATAM): Studying and Preventing Strategic Failure Hans-Joachim Klaus Ruff-Stahl Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://commons.erau.edu/publication Part of the Military History Commons Scholarly Commons Citation Ruff-Stahl, H. K. (2014). The Strategic Assessment Model (STRATAM): Studying and Preventing Strategic Failure. Journal of Military Studies, 5(2). https://doi.org/10.1515/jms-2016-0192 Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal. This Article is brought to you for free and open access by Scholarly Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Publications by an authorized administrator of Scholarly Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. 1 Hans-Joachim Klaus Ruff-Stahl, LtCol in the Political Directorate at the German Ministry of Defence and Asst. Professor at Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University THE STRATEGIC ASSESSMENT MODEL (STRATAM) STUDYING AND PREVENTING STRATEGIC FAILURE Keywords Operational art, strategy, organizational failure Abstract The purpose of this study is to introduce the Strategic Assessment Model (STRATAM), a model designed to assist in the prevention of strategic failure. STRATAM aids firstly in the assessment of a strategy, as well as its crafting and evolution; secondly, it aims to enable and possibly streamline civil-military strategic debates on military operations. It is argued that strategic blunders in many cases result from latent organizational failures on one’s own side. -
On the Commander-In-Chief Power
Georgetown University Law Center Scholarship @ GEORGETOWN LAW 2008 On the Commander-In-Chief Power David Luban Georgetown University Law Center, [email protected] Georgetown Public Law and Legal Theory Research Paper No. 1026302 This paper can be downloaded free of charge from: https://scholarship.law.georgetown.edu/facpub/598 http://ssrn.com/abstract=1026302 81 S. Cal. L. Rev. 477-571 (2008) This open-access article is brought to you by the Georgetown Law Library. Posted with permission of the author. Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarship.law.georgetown.edu/facpub Part of the Constitutional Law Commons ON THE COMMANDER IN CHIEF POWER ∗ DAVID LUBAN BRADBURY: Obviously, the Hamdan decision, Senator, does implicitly recognize that we’re in a war, that the President’s war powers were triggered by the attacks on the country, and that [the] law of war paradigm applies. That’s what the whole case was about. LEAHY: Was the President right or was he wrong? BRADBURY: It’s under the law of war that we . LEAHY: Was the President right or was he wrong? BRADBURY: . hold the President is always right, Senator. —exchange between a U.S. Senator and a Justice Department 1 lawyer ∗ University Professor and Professor of Law and Philosophy, Georgetown University. I owe thanks to John Partridge and Sebastian Kaplan-Sears for excellent research assistance; to Greg Reichberg, Bill Mengel, and Tim Sellers for clarifying several points of American, Roman, and military history; to Marty Lederman for innumerable helpful and critical conversations; and to Vicki Jackson, Paul Kahn, Larry Solum, and Amy Sepinwall for helpful comments on an earlier draft. -
Israeli Intellectual and Modern Focus 43
Israeli Intellectual and Modern Focus 43 Chapter 2 Israeli Intellectual and Modern Focus In this chapter it is argued, first, that throughout the years the IDF has suffered from lack of intellectualism, which has sometimes had a detrimental effect on its performance. From the 1990s to 2006 the IDF emulated an RMA-inspired American doctrine, which has come at the expense of its originality and inno- vation, and Israeli military thinking has been affected by false intellectualism and intellectual pretense. These negative trends, however, have been balanced, at least to some extent, by a number of positive aspects, such as vibrant mili- tary thinking during Israel’s formative years; the relative popularity of military history; the existence of great debates on operational and buildup issues; intel- lectual efforts to understand attrition; and a more critical attitude toward American thought after 2006. Second, it is argued that as far as the modern focus of Israeli military thought is concerned, the IDF has been late to adapt to LIC challenges; it has had a strong tactical orientation, although since the 1980s/early 1990s it has eventu- ally recognized the importance of the operational and the grand-strategic levels; it has developed a cult of technology; its traditional force multipliers have been eroded; and logistics has been ascribed a different logic. Finally, moral and legal considerations have become an integral part of Israeli military thought, something that has been typical of the Western world in general. Intellectual Weakness Symptoms of Poor Intellectualism in the Military After having attributed Israeli commanders’ successes during the War of Independence to their intellectual skills, among other factors,1 Prime Minister and Defense Minister David Ben-Gurion expressed his concern in the 1950s about the lack of “intellectual openness” among IDF commanders.2 And indeed, symptoms of anti-intellectualism in the IDF could be detected through- out the years. -
Middle East Security Issues in the Shadow of Weapons of Mass Destruction Proliferation
Middle East Security Issues In the Shadow of Weapons of Mass Destruction Proliferation Editor BARRY R. SCHNEIDER Air University Press Maxwell Air Force Base, Alabama December 1999 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Middle East security issues: in the shadow of weapons of mass destruction prolifera- tion/Barry R. Schneider, editor. p. c.m ISBN 1-58566-077-0 1. Middle East—Strategic aspects. 2. Weapons of mass destruction—Middle East. 3. National security—Middle East. 4. United States—Military policy. I. Schneider, Barry R. UA832.M5225 1999 355’.033056—dc21 99-0588978 Disclaimer Opinions, conclusions, and recommendations expressed or implied within are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of Air University, the United States Air Force, the Department of Defense, or any other US government agency. Cleared for public release: distribution unlimited. ii Contents Chapter Page DISCLAIMER . ii PREFACE . v 1 NBC and Missile Proliferation Issues in the Middle East . 1 Lawrence Scheinman 2 Recent Military Developments in the Persian Gulf . 27 Anthony H. Cordesman 3 Arab Perspectives on Middle Eastern Security . 61 Ibrahim A. Karawan 4 Regional Security and Arms Control in the Middle East: The Nuclear Dimension . 77 Avner Cohen 5 The Egyptian-Israeli Confrontation over the Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty . 109 W. Andrew Terrill CONTRIBUTORS . 135 iii THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK Preface The Middle East is an international flashpoint, a place where open warfare could erupt at any time. It is the home of numerous countries possessing some combination of weapons of mass destruction (WMD) (nuclear, biological, or chemical weapons), and is an area where states are developing an increasing capability to deliver such WMD by missiles and/or aircraft. -
Is There a Culture War? a Dialogue on Values and American Public Life
Is There A Culture War? A Dialogue on Values and American Public Life Is America at war with itself over cultural issues? Or does the conflict exist primarily in the minds of pol- itical activists and pundits? In a new collection of essays entitled Is There a Culture War?, two leading scholars examine the cultural divides within American society and their implications for American poli- tics. James Davison Hunter is a professor of sociology at the University of Virginia, where he also is exec- utive director of the Institute for Advanced Studies in Culture. Alan Wolfe is a professor of political sci- ence at Boston College, where he directs the Boisi Center for Religion and American Public Life. This exec- utive summary, drawn from the book’s introduction and essays, summarizes their arguments. The volume is part of the Pew Forum Dialogues on Religion and Public Life, a series of books edited by E.J. Dionne Jr. of the Brookings Institution and Michael Cromartie of the Ethics & Public Policy Center. n 1991, University of Virginia Professor sexuality, Work, the Right, the Left and Each Other. James Davison Hunter published a book that Wolfe argued that if there was a culture war, Iwas destined to change the national debate most Americans weren’t taking sides. “Amer- over cultural politics. In Culture Wars: the icans believed in both traditional religious val- Struggle to Define America, Hunter argued that ues and personal freedom,” he says now, “and it there was a battle raging between “traditional- was not always easy for them to decide which ists,” who were committed to moral ideals was more important.” inherited from the past, and “progressivists,” who idealized change and flexibility. -
History (HIS) 1
History (HIS) 1 HIS 212 The United States: A General Survey Since 1865 3 HISTORY (HIS) First semester: to 1865. Second semester: since 1865. MAC: MAC Diversity and Equity HIS 101 Contemporary World 3 CIC: CIC College Writing This course explores the historical background behind major issues of HIS 213 Topics in American History 3 the contemporary world, including: colonialism/decolonization; the Cold Selected topics in American history at an introductory level. Topics may War and other global conflicts; genocide; religious fundamentalism; and vary from colonial era through the twentieth century. This course stresses the role of women. the analysis and interpretation of primary sources. MAC: MAC Foundations MAC: MAC Diversity and Equity HIS 203 History of Africa to 1870 3 HIS 215 The Civilizations of Asia 3 Early African empires, the spread of Islam, European exploration, the History, institutions, and culture of India, China, and Japan, from earliest Atlantic slave trade and its effects, slavery in Africa, white settlement in times to about 1700. Limited reference to Southeast Asia, Central Asia, South Africa. and Korea. MAC: MAC Global and Intercultural HIS 216 The Civilizations of Asia 3 HIS 204 History of Africa since 1870 3 Impact of West on Asia and Asia's response; development of nationalism Colonial partition, missionaries, wars of resistance, styles of colonial and Communism. Focus is on India, China, and Japan in nineteenth and rule, development and underdevelopment, independence movements and twentieth centuries. de-colonization, neo-colonialism, capitalism and socialism, civil wars, MAC: MAC Global and Intercultural apartheid in South Africa. MAC: MAC Global and Intercultural HIS 217 The World in the Twentieth Century 3 Political, social, and economic forces affecting Africa, the Americas, Asia, HIS 206 Topics in Premodern Western History 3 and Europe. -
Family Values, Courts, and Culture War: the Case of Abstinence- Only Sex Education
William & Mary Bill of Rights Journal Volume 18 (2009-2010) Issue 4 Symposium: Families, Fundamentalism, Article 10 & the First Amendment May 2010 Family Values, Courts, and Culture War: The Case of Abstinence- Only Sex Education John E. Taylor Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarship.law.wm.edu/wmborj Part of the Constitutional Law Commons, and the First Amendment Commons Repository Citation John E. Taylor, Family Values, Courts, and Culture War: The Case of Abstinence-Only Sex Education, 18 Wm. & Mary Bill Rts. J. 1053 (2010), https://scholarship.law.wm.edu/wmborj/ vol18/iss4/10 Copyright c 2010 by the authors. This article is brought to you by the William & Mary Law School Scholarship Repository. https://scholarship.law.wm.edu/wmborj FAMILY VALUES, COURTS, AND CULTURE WAR: THE CASE OF ABSTINENCE-ONLY SEX EDUCATION John E. Taylor* In the context of a symposium on “Families, Fundamentalism, & the First Amendment,” the topic of abstinence-only sex education is a natural. In teaching that sex should be limited to “mutually faithful monogamous relationship[s] in [the] context of [heterosexual] marriage,”1 abstinence-only sex education promotes a specific normative vision of what families should be. Because this vision is so rec- ognizably part of a religiously conservative worldview, the policy might be described as an expression of “fundamentalism.”2 Completing the circle, any government policy born of “fundamentalism” and supported by “fundamentalists” might be thought to implicate, and perhaps to violate, the First Amendment’s Establishment Clause. The * Visiting Professor, University of North Carolina School of Law; Professor, West Virginia University College of Law.