HIS6934-09 State, Society, and Rebellion in Modern Germany

Prof. Nathan Stoltzfus EUH 4465, Fall 06 447 Bel, [email protected] T 2:00 Bel 0048

COURSE DESCRIPTION The colloquium examines state and society in modern Germany to review the question of whether Germans have been as politically docile in history as in stereotypes. Within the various political structures that characterize modern Germany, how have ordinary Germans and society as a whole expressed influence, how important were popular uprisings in bringing about political reform, and how does this compare with the experiences of other European states? We will trace developments of the public political sphere in relationship to social disturbances and unrest, paying particular attention to the politics of the street, that public space of potential influence for ordinary people with little access to levers of power, whether within empire, regime, or democracy.

REQUIREMENTS Each student must: 1) Read all the common reading assignments in advance of class. 2) Write a 500-word précis of the common reading and email it to the entire class by Monday noon in advance of Tuesday’s meetings. The précis should summarize a book or article’s thesis and identify its key points (rather than critically evaluating it). However, in addition you must each include in this email to the others two or more questions that will help the class critically evaluate the reading for that week. 3) Constructively and regularly contribute to seminar discussions. 4) Write one 5-page historiographic essay on one of the weekly course topics, distribute a copy of the essay to each student in class, and make an oral presentation of the material to the class. The essay and presentation will identify the prominent interpretive issues and explore the differences in scholarly views on the topic in significant detail (see the course guidelines for historiographic essays). Your oral presentations should provoke questions for class discussions that you will lead. 5) By the end of the term, complete either a 5000-word historiographic essay or research paper. Your historiographic essay may become a springboard for your final paper, whether an expanded historiographic essay or research-oriented project. In a research project, you may rely on your historiographic essay as a departure point for identifying the significance of your own research. You may use it to identify how your essay

challenges or supports other works. We may from time to time discuss your topics for and development of your papers in class. 6) Attend individual meetings with the instructor per the syllabus.

GRADE COMPONENTS Weekly précis 10% Class discussion 35% Historiographic essay and presentation 20% Final Paper 35%

OBJECTIVES Course objectives are to 1) provide a base of historical and historiograhic knowledge, 2) develop your abilities to think critically and write like a good historian, and 3) develop research, discussion, and oral presentation skills.

Week 1 August 29 Scope and Organization of the Course

Week II September 5: The Problem of Revolution in Germany Reinhard Rurup, ed., The Problem of Revolution in Germany (Berg, 2000)

Week III September 12 Individual meetings with Instructor Please bring a list of three potential topics for your final paper

Week IV September 19: 19th Century Germany Theodore Hamerow, Restoration, Revolution, Reaction (Princeton Univ., 1966)

Week V September 26 Individual meetings Bring description of the topic for your final paper

Week VI October 3 Socialism and WW I Eric Weitz, Creating German Communism, 1890-1990 (Princeton Univ. 1996)

Week VII October 10 Individual meetings Bring beginning of your bibliographic work for your paper

Week VIII October 17 Weimar, Women Renate Pore, A Conflict of Interest (Greenwood Press, 1981)

Week IX October 24 Individual meetings Includes Paper Progress Report: Discussion of Problems

Week X October 31 Nazi Germany Detlev J.K. Peukert Inside Nazi Germany (Yale Univ., 1989)

Week XI November 7 Individual Meetings Includes Paper Progress Report

Week XII November 14 The Federal Republic of Germany Nick Thomas, Protest Movements in 1960s West Germany (Berg 2003)

Week XIII November 21 Individual Meetings/work on paper

Week XIV November 28 The Democratic Republic of Germany Mary Fulbrook, Anatomy of a Dictatorship (Oxford 1997)

Week XV December 5 Final Papers Due

FURTHER READING ON WEEKLY TOPICS

The Problem of Revolution in Germany T.C.W. Blanning, The French Revolution in Germany: Occupation and resistance in the Rhineland, 1792-1802 (Oxford: 1983)

Harold James, A German Identity: 1770 to the Present Day (Phoenix, 1994)

Rosa Luxembourg, Reform or Revolution? http://www.marxists.org/archive/luxemburg/1900/reform-revolution/index

Andrezj Nieuwazny, “The Napoleonic legacy in the Rhineland and the politics of reform in restoration Prussia” in Napoleon’s Legacy, David Laven and Lucy Riall, eds., (Berg 2000)

Brendan Simms, The struggle for mastery in Germany, 1779-1850 (St. Martin’s 1998).

Richard Tilly’s chapter on Germany in Charles, Louise, and Richard Tilly, The Rebellious Century (Harvard Univ. 1975).

Anthony Aufrere, The cannibals' progress, or, The dreadful horrors of French invasion as displayed by the Republican officers and soldiers, in their perfidy, rapacity, ferociousness and brutality exercised towards the innocent inhabitants of Germany (London 1798)

Nineteenth Century Germany books Rudolf Stadelmann, Social and Political History of the German 1848 Revolution (Ohio Univ. 1975)

Jonathan Sperber, Rhineland Radicals: the Democratic movement and the Revolution of 1848-1849 (Princeon Univ. 1991)

Karl Marx, Friedrich Engles, The revolution of 1848-49; articles from the Neue rheinische Zeitung (International, 1972)

Wolfram Sieman, The German Revolution of 1848-49 (St. Martin’s 1998)

Michael Gross, The war against Catholicism: Liberalism and the anti-Catholic imagination in nineteenth-century Germany (The University of Michigan 2004)

George S. Williamson, The longing for myth in Germany : religion and aesthetic culture from romanticism to Nietzsche (Univ. of Chicago Press, 2004)

Erik Grimer-Solem, the Rise of Historical Economics and Social Reform in Germany, 1864-1894 (Oxford, 2003).

Harold Mah, Enlightenment Phantasies: Cultural Identity in France and Germany 1750—1914 (Cornell Univ. 2003) articles Theodore S. Hamerow, History and the German Revolution of 1848, The American Historical Review, Vol. 60, No. 1 (Oct., 1954)

Dietrich Orlow, 1918/19: A German Revolution German Studies Review, Vol. 5, No. 2 (May, 1982)

Jonathan Sperber, Festivals of National Unity in the German Revolution of 1848-1849, Past and Present No. 136 (Aug., 1992)

Belinda Davis, “Everyday Protest and the Culture of Conflict in Berlin, 1830-1980 in Berlin - Washington, 1800-2000: Capital Cities, Cultural Representation, and National Identities Andreas Daum and Christof Mauch, eds. (Cambridge, 2005)

Socialism and WW I books A. J. Ryder, The German Revolution of 1918: A Study of German Socialism in War and Revolt (Cambridge, 1967)

Pierre Broue, The German Revolution, 1917-1923, trans. John Archer, Ian Birchall and Brian Pierce, eds.. intro. by Eric D. Weitz (Leiden: Brill, 2005)

Belinda Davis, Home Fires Burning (Univ. of North Carolina: 2002)

Henry Friedlander, the German Revolution of 1918 ( Garland 1992)

Sebastian Haffner, Failure of a Revolution: Germany 1918-1919 (Banner, 1986)

Karl Kautsky, The Road to Power: Political Reflections on Growing into the Revolution, John Kautsky, ed. (Humanities Press 1996).

Eduard Bernstein, Evolutionary Socialiam (Schocken, 1961)

Peter Gay, The Dilemma of Democratic Socialism: Eduard Bernstein’s Challenge to Marx (Collier 1962)

Manfred Steger, The Quest for Evolutionary Socialism: Eduard Berstein and Social Democracy (Cambridge Univ. 1997)

Marxism and Social Democracy: The Revisionist Debate 1896-1898, H. Tudor and J.M. Tudor, eds. (Cambridge Univ. 1988)

William Rollins, A Greener Vision of Home: Cultural Politics and Environemntal Reform in the German Heimatschutz Movement (Univ. of Michigan 1997) articles Rosa Luxembourg, “The Mass Strike” http://www.marxists.org/archive/luxemburg/1906/mass-strike/index.htm

Stephen Eric Bronner, “Karl Kautsky and the Twilight of Orthodoxy,” Political Theory Vol. 10, No. 4 (Nov., 1982)

Roger Fletcher, Revisionism and Wilhelmine Imperialism Journal of Contemporary History, Vol. 23, No. 3 (Jul., 1988)

Weimar, Women Books Eve Rosenhaft , Beating the Fascists? (Cambridge University Press, 1983)

Raffael Scheck, Mothers of the Nation: Right-Wing Women in Weimar Germany (Berg, 2004)

Richard Bessel, Political violence and the rise of Nazism: The Storm Troopers in Eastern

Germany, 1925-1934 (Yale Univ. 1984)

Julia Sneeringer, Winning Women’s Votes: Propaganda and Politics in Weimar Germany (Univ. of North Carolina: 2002)

Elections, mass politics, and social change in modern Germany, Larry Jones and James Retallack, eds. (Cambridge, 1992)

Anton Kaes, et. al., The Weimar Republic Sourcebook (Univ. of California, 1994)

Katharina von Ankum, ed., Women in the Metropolis : Gender and Modernity in Weimar Culture (Berkeley 1997)

Social Change and Political Development in Weimar Germany, Richard Bessel and E.J. Feuchtwanger, eds. (Barnes and Noble 1981) articles Helen Boak, “Our Last Hope:” Women’s Votes for Hitler –a Reappraisal,” German Studies Review 12 (1989) 289-310

Richard J. Evans, “German Women and the Triumph of Hitler,” Journal of Modern History, 48 (1976)

Robert G. Moeller, “Peasants, Politics, and Pressure Groups in War and Inflation: A Study of the Rhineland and Westphalia, 1914-1924,” The Journal of Economic History, Vol. 42, No. 1, The Tasks of Economic History (Mar., 1982)

Regina Braker, Helen Stocker’s Pacifism in the Weimar Republic: Between Ideal and Reality Journal of Women's History - Volume 13, Number 3, Autumn 2001

Nazism, Memory Books Germans against Nazism: Nonconformity, Opposition and Resistance in the Third Reich, R. Nicosia, Lawrence D. Stokes, eds.

Omer Bartov, et. al. Crimes of War: Guilt and Denial in the Twentieth Century (New Press: 2002)

Ian Kershaw, Popular Opinion and Political Dissent in the Third Reich. Bavaria, 1933- 45, (Oxford, 1983, rev. 2002)

Resistance against the Third Reich: 1933—1990, Michael Geyer and John Boyer, eds. (Chicago Univ., 1995)

Jeffrey Herf, Divided Memory: The Nazi Past in the Two Germanys (Harvard, 1997)

Wolfram Wette, The Wehrmacht: History, Myth, Reality (Harvard 2006). articles Steven Welch, “Harsh but Just'? German Military Justice in the Second World War: A Comparative Study of the Court-Martialling of German and US Deserters,” German History 17 (1999)

Wulf Kansteiner, “Television archives and the making of collective memory: Nazism and World War II in three television blockbusters of German Public Television,” http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/ecip0515/2005017905.html

H-German forum on the Rosenstrasse debate, , N. Stoltzfus, ed., http://www.h- net.org/~german/discuss/Rosenstrasse/Rosenstrasse_index.htm

Robert Moeller, War Stories: The Search for a Usable Past in the Federal Republic of Germany The American Historical Review, Vol. 101, No. 4 (Oct., 1996)

Moeller, Robert G., “Germans as Victims?: Thoughts on a Post-Cold War History of World War IIis Legacies,” History & Memory - Volume 17, Number 1/2, Spring/Summer 2005.

Mary Nolan, “The Politics of Memory in the Berlin Republic,” Radical History Review, Issue 81, Fall 2001

Protest and New Social Movements in the Federal Republic of Germany* books Ruud Koopmans, Democracy from Below: New Social Movements and the Political System in West Germany (Westview,1995).

Sydney Tarrow, Power in Movement: Social Movements, Collective Action, and Politics (Cambridge, 1994)

Helmut Wisenthal and John Ferris, eds., Realism in Green Politics: Social Movements and Ecological Reform in Germany

Ralf Dahrendorf, Society and Democracy in Germany (Anchor: 1969) articles Ruud Koopmans, “The Dynamics of Protest Waves: West Germany, 1965 to 1989,” American Sociological Review, October 1993

Sandra Chaney, “A ‘Democratic Movement of the People’ Saves the Wutach Gorge: A Case Study in Early West German Environmental Activism, 1949-1960,” in Shades of Green, Christof Mauch and Nathan Stoltzfus, eds. (Rowman and Littlefield, 2006)

*You may also concentrate on the memory of opposition to Nazism

Dissidence and Reformers in the German Democratic Republic books Dale Gareth, Popular Protest in East Germany, 1945-1989 (Routledge, 2005)

Gary Bruce, Resistance with the People: Repression and Resistance in Eastern Germany 1945-1955 (Rowman &Littlefield, 2003)

Mary Fulbrook, The People’s State: East German Society from Hitler to Honecker (Yale, 2005)

Jonathan Grix, The Role of the Masses in the Collapse of the GDR (St. Martin’s 2000)

Corey Ross, The East German Dictatorship: Problems and Perspectives in the Interpretation of the GDR (Oxford 2002)

Jeannette Madarasz, Conflict and Compromise in East Germany, 1971—1989: A Precarious Stability (Palgrave Macmillan 2003) articles Jens Reich, “My Germany: Reflections on my Country Before and After 1989” GHI-DC paper at http://ghi-dc.org/reich_text_2003.html

Steven Pfaff, Collective Identity and Informal Groups in Revolutionary Mobilization: East Germany in 1989 Social Forces, Vol. 75, No. 1 (Sep., 1996)

Albert O. Hirschman, Exit, Voice, and the Fate of the German Democratic Republic: An Essay in Conceptual History, World Politics, vol. 45, No. 2 (Jan., 1993)

Nathan Stoltzfus, “Public Space and the Dynamics of Environmental Action: Green Protest in the German Democratic Republic,” Archiv fuer Soziale Geschichte, vol 43, 2003.

Karl-Dieter Opp and Wolfgang Roehl, “Repression, Micromobilization, and Political Protest,” Social Forces Vol. 69, No. 2 December 1990.

APPENDIX: Notes on the Historiographic Essays The following relies on Mary Lynn Rampolla’s A Pocket Guide to Writing in History (St. Martin’s, 2007). Please refer to Rampolla for guidelines on writing a research paper (pp 69-87) as well.

A historiographic essay studies the interpretations of other historians. It is not original research but rather organizes your basic understanding of what others have said about a subject. Such an essay studies differences in the interpretations, conclusions, and approaches of other historians. It compares secondary sources to define the debates on a subject, identifying, evaluating and comparing various perspectives. Your essays must discuss at least six secondary sources.

There are different bases for comparing one historian’s interpretations with those of others. One approach is to look at how interpretations of a particular topic have changed over time, in relation to one another. Another is to organize your essay by identifying different historians with different schools. In either case, you may focus on the career of a particular explanatory paradigm.

The basic building blocks of a historiographic essay is an assessment of each work—its thesis, uses of evidence, methodology. What is the central purpose, conclusion, and argument of the work? Can you identify a specific perspective of the author: feminist, conservative, Marxist, centrist avoiding being controversial? If you label a historian you must also give evidence for the label, such as specific words used or interpretations rendered. Is the author an economic historian—cultural, intellectual historian, political, social, historian? Primary sources may provide one clue.

The overall purpose however is to render an assessment of existing interpretations on a topic through a comparison of various secondary works. Thus you should have a thesis expressing the essence of your comparison. Organized by your thesis the essay will identify questions that have shaped interpretations. What issues have the debates turned on, and what have been the trends in interpretations? Pay attention to any changes in paradigms, or at least in the development of new questions and themes, as well as to the persistence of traditional explanations.

A historiographic essay thus combines some qualities of a book review with those of a thesis-driven essay. A crucial departure is your choice of secondary works. Choose these carefully. Look for major works and currently prevailing interpretations. Use those that have been widely read or otherwise influential or controversial.

The main portion of your essay will consist of discussion and comparison of questions and responses historians have rendered on your topic, and how these have changed over time. Requiring less space and very careful support are any suggestions you have about the strengths and limitations of the historiography, past and present. As appropriate you may make suggestions for how the historiography might be improved—new questions,

what remains undone. A research essay attempts to make a contribution to the historiography, building on what has been done and ideas for improvements.

Your historiographic essay may become a springboard for your final paper, whether an expanded historiographic essay or research-oriented project. In a research project, you may rely on your historiographic essay as a departure point for identifying the significance of your own research. You may use it to identify how your essay challenges or supports other works. We may from time to time discuss your topics for and development of your papers.