WORLD WAR TWO STUDIES ASSOCIATION (Formerly American Committee on the History O/The Second World War)
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Preempting Emergence: the Biological
PRE-EMPTING EMERGENCE – THE BIOLOGICAL TURN IN THE WAR ON TERROR Melinda Cooper 2 In 2004, three years after the sporadic and still unresolved anthrax attacks that followed September 11, the Bush administration became the first in US history to implement a national defence strategy against biological threats. In the same year, US Congress also approved the largest ever funding project for biodefence research, to be carried out over the following decade. The legislation, going under the name of Project Bioshield, authorized $5.6 billion for the purchase and stockpiling of vaccines and drugs against bioterrorist threats, granted the government new authority to initiate research programs and special dispensation to override drug regulations in the face of a national emergency. At the same time, a more secretive initiative was underway to establish four research centres for the testing of biological weapons defences. The US, it seems, was preparing itself for an attack of epidemic proportions. But what exactly was the US arming itself against? In his public addresses on the topic, George Bush seemed unsure whether the deadliest threat would be more likely to emanate from a deliberate bioterrorist attack or from any one of the resurgent or drug-resistant infectious diseases that now regularly afflict urban hospitals. Official documents declared that infectious disease outbreak and bioterrorism should be treated as identical threats, in the absence of any sure means of distinguishing the two. The confusion was further reflected in the allocation of resources. Much of the new funding for biodefence went to institutions that had previously been engaged in public health and infectious disease research, while the ailing biotech start-ups of the genomics era were encouraged to reinvest their energies in the new arena of military applications. -
Holocaust/Shoah the Organization of the Jewish Refugees in Italy Holocaust Commemoration in Present-Day Poland
NOW AVAILABLE remembrance a n d s o l i d a r i t y Holocaust/Shoah The Organization of the Jewish Refugees in Italy Holocaust Commemoration in Present-day Poland in 20 th century european history Ways of Survival as Revealed in the Files EUROPEAN REMEMBRANCE of the Ghetto Courts and Police in Lithuania – LECTURES, DISCUSSIONS, remembrance COMMENTARIES, 2012–16 and solidarity in 20 th This publication features the century most significant texts from the european annual European Remembrance history Symposium (2012–16) – one of the main events organized by the European Network Remembrance and Solidarity in Gdańsk, Berlin, Prague, Vienna and Budapest. The 2017 issue symposium entitled ‘Violence in number the 20th-century European history: educating, commemorating, 5 – december documenting’ will take place in Brussels. Lectures presented there will be included in the next Studies issue. 2016 Read Remembrance and Solidarity Studies online: enrs.eu/studies number 5 www.enrs.eu ISSUE NUMBER 5 DECEMBER 2016 REMEMBRANCE AND SOLIDARITY STUDIES IN 20TH CENTURY EUROPEAN HISTORY EDITED BY Dan Michman and Matthias Weber EDITORIAL BOARD ISSUE EDITORS: Prof. Dan Michman Prof. Matthias Weber EDITORS: Dr Florin Abraham, Romania Dr Árpád Hornják, Hungary Dr Pavol Jakubčin, Slovakia Prof. Padraic Kenney, USA Dr Réka Földváryné Kiss, Hungary Dr Ondrej Krajňák, Slovakia Prof. Róbert Letz, Slovakia Prof. Jan Rydel, Poland Prof. Martin Schulze Wessel, Germany EDITORIAL COORDINATOR: Ewelina Pękała REMEMBRANCE AND SOLIDARITY STUDIES IN 20TH CENTURY EUROPEAN HISTORY PUBLISHER: European Network Remembrance and Solidarity ul. Wiejska 17/3, 00–480 Warszawa, Poland www.enrs.eu, [email protected] COPY-EDITING AND PROOFREADING: Caroline Brooke Johnson PROOFREADING: Ramon Shindler TYPESETTING: Marcin Kiedio GRAPHIC DESIGN: Katarzyna Erbel COVER DESIGN: © European Network Remembrance and Solidarity 2016 All rights reserved ISSN: 2084–3518 Circulation: 500 copies Funded by the Federal Government Commissioner for Culture and the Media upon a Decision of the German Bundestag. -
Operation Sunrise: America’S OSS, Swiss Intelligence, and the German Surrender 1945
Operation Sunrise: America’s OSS, Swiss Intelligence, and the German Surrender 1945 by Stephen P. Halbrook* Operation Sunrise was a cooperative effort of American and Swiss intelligence services which led to the unconditional surrender of the German Wehrmacht forces in Northern Italy and Western Austria on May 2, 1945. General Heinrich von Vietinghoff, Commander-in- Chief of the Southwest Command and of Army Group C, surrendered nearly a million soldiers, the strongest remaining German force. This was the first great surrender of German forces to the Allies, and became a strong impetus for the final Allied victory over Nazi Germany on May 8, Victory in Europe (VE) Day. Operation Sunrise helped to nip in the bud Nazi aspirations for guerilla resistance in an Alpine redoubt. Sunrise, sometimes referred to as “Crossword,” has special significance today beyond the sixtieth anniversary of the German surrender. Despite Switzerland’s formal neutrality, Swiss intelligence agents aggressively facilitated American efforts to end the war. Ironically, the efforts of key U.S. intelligence agents on the ground to orchestrate the surrender were hampered and almost scuttled by leaders in Washington to appease Joseph Stalin, who wished to delay the surrender in the West so that Soviet forces could grab more territory in the East. *This paper was originally presented at the conference Sunrise ‘05, Locarno, Switzerland, May 2, 2005, and was published in “Operation Sunrise.” Atti del convegno internazionale (Locarno, 2 maggio 2005), a cura di Marino Viganò - Dominic M. Pedrazzini (Lugano 2006), pp. 103-30. The conference was held to commemorate the 60th anniversary of the surrender of German forces in northern Italy. -
What Was the Turning Point of World War Ii?
WHAT WAS THE TURNING POINT OF WORLD WAR II? Jeff Moore History 420: Senior Seminar December 13, 2012 1 World War II was the decisive war of the twentieth century. Millions of people lost their lives in the fighting. Hitler and the Nazis were eventually stopped in their attempt to dominate Europe, but at a great cost to everyone. Looking back at the war, it is hard to find the definitive moment when the war could no longer be won by the Axis, and it is even more difficult to find the exact moment when the tide of the war turned. This is because there are so many moments that could be argued as the turning point of World War II. Different historians pose different arguments as to what this moment could be. Most agree that the turning point of World War II, in military terms, was either Operation Barbarossa or the Battle of Stalingrad. UCLA professor Robert Dallek, Third Reich and World War II specialist Richard Overy, and British journalist and historian Max Hastings, all argue that Stalingrad was the point of the war in which everything changed.1 The principal arguments surrounding this specific battle are that it was the furthest east that Germany ever made it, and after the Russian victory Stalin’s forces were able to gain the confidence and momentum necessary to push the Germans back to the border. On the other hand, Operation Barbarossa is often cited as the turning point for World War II because the Germans did not have the resources necessary to survive a prolonged invasion of Russia fighting both the Red Army and the harsh Russian weather. -
Drucksache 19/417 19
Deutscher Bundestag Drucksache 19/417 19. Wahlperiode 12.01.2018 Antwort der Bundesregierung auf die Kleine Anfrage der Abgeordneten Brigitte Freihold, Nicole Gohlke, Dr. Petra Sitte, weiterer Abgeordneter und der Fraktion DIE LINKE. – Drucksache 19/211 – Bildung und wissenschaftliche Forschung zum Holocaust und dem deutschen Vernichtungskrieg in Osteuropa durch das Zentrum für Militärgeschichte und Sozialwissenschaften der Bundeswehr in Potsdam Vorbemerkung der Fragesteller Das Zentrum für Militärgeschichte und Sozialwissenschaften der Bundeswehr in Potsdam (ZMSBw) vereinigt die geistes- und sozialwissenschaftliche For- schung der Bundeswehr. Interdisziplinär wird dort zu zentralen Problemstellun- gen der heutigen Streitkräfte geforscht, die sich aus Gegenwart und Geschichte ergeben. Die daraus entstehenden Veröffentlichungen richten sich einerseits an ein Fachpublikum und werden andererseits im Rahmen eines breiten Veröffent- lichungs- und Publikationsprogramms an deutsche Soldaten und Offiziere ver- mittelt. Eine kritische Aufarbeitung der NS-Geschichte, des Holocaust und des deutschen Vernichtungskrieges in Osteuropa und der Rolle der Wehrmacht, na- mentlich auch deren Nachwirkungen und Kontinuitäten in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland, ist nach Auffassung der Fragesteller auch vor dem Hintergrund der Debatte um Leitbilder und Traditionen der Bundeswehr von enormer Be- deutung. Berichte über rechtsextreme Vorfälle oder die Festnahme eines Ober- leutnants der Bundeswehr aus Offenbach, der im Verdacht stand, einen Terror- anschlag geplant -
Hitler, Britain and the Hoßbach Memorandum
Jonathan Wright and Paul Stafford* Hitler, Britain and the Hoßbach Memorandum The Hoßbach Memorandum is the most famous and most controversial document in the history of the Third Reich. Yet there is no critical edition of it — a telling example of the degree to which historians of the twentieth century are swamped by their sources. Every line of the document deserves close study. It contains one of the classic statements of Hitler's racial philosophy and of the policy of the conquest of living space to solve Germany's economic problems. On this level it is comparable to passages in Mein Kampf and the Memorandum on the tasks of the Four Year Plan. But the Hoßbach Memorandum also offers an insight into another dimension of Hitler's thought: the first recorded detailed argument about when and how the conquest of liv- ing space was to begin. The essence of this argument is that Germany had limited time at its disposal because its relative strength compared to its opponents would decline after 1943—45 and that was therefore the final date for action. Hitler appeared confi- dent about the international situation. The weakness of the British Empire, which he elaborated in some detail, and the domestic divisions of the French Republic, Russian fear of Japan and Polish fear of Russia, the favourable attitude of Italy so long as the Duce was alive, all he declared offered Germany an opportunity to destroy Czechoslo- vakia and simultaneously to absorb Austria with little risk of intervention by other powers. Hitler also discussed two possible developments which would enable Germany to act before 1943—45: a domestic crisis in France which made it unable to go to war, or France becoming involved in war with another power which he saw as an immediate possibility for 1938 arising out of the Spanish civil war. -
ABSTRACT Title of Document: the FURTHEST
ABSTRACT Title of Document: THE FURTHEST WATCH OF THE REICH: NATIONAL SOCIALISM, ETHNIC GERMANS, AND THE OCCUPATION OF THE SERBIAN BANAT, 1941-1944 Mirna Zakic, Ph.D., 2011 Directed by: Professor Jeffrey Herf, Department of History This dissertation examines the Volksdeutsche (ethnic Germans) of the Serbian Banat (northeastern Serbia) during World War II, with a focus on their collaboration with the invading Germans from the Third Reich, and their participation in the occupation of their home region. It focuses on the occupation period (April 1941-October 1944) so as to illuminate three major themes: the mutual perceptions held by ethnic and Reich Germans and how these shaped policy; the motivation behind ethnic German collaboration; and the events which drew ethnic Germans ever deeper into complicity with the Third Reich. The Banat ethnic Germans profited from a fortuitous meeting of diplomatic, military, ideological and economic reasons, which prompted the Third Reich to occupy their home region in April 1941. They played a leading role in the administration and policing of the Serbian Banat until October 1944, when the Red Army invaded the Banat. The ethnic Germans collaborated with the Nazi regime in many ways: they accepted its worldview as their own, supplied it with food, administrative services and eventually soldiers. They acted as enforcers and executors of its policies, which benefited them as perceived racial and ideological kin to Reich Germans. These policies did so at the expense of the multiethnic Banat‟s other residents, especially Jews and Serbs. In this, the Third Reich replicated general policy guidelines already implemented inside Germany and elsewhere in German-occupied Europe. -
2007 Lnstim D'hi,Stoire Du Temp
WORLD "TAR 1~WO STlIDIES ASSOCIATION (formerly American Committee on the History ofthe Second World War) Mark P. l'arilIo. Chai""an Jona:han Berhow Dl:pat1menlofHi«ory E1izavcla Zbeganioa 208 Eisenhower Hall Associare Editors KaDsas State University Dct>artment ofHistory Manhattan, Knnsas 66506-1002 208' Eisenhower HnJl 785-532-0374 Kansas Stale Univemty rax 785-532-7004 Manhattan, Kansas 66506-1002 parlllo@,'<su.edu Archives: Permanent Directors InstitlJle for Military History and 20" Cent'lly Studies a,arie, F. Delzell 22 J Eisenhower F.all Vandcrbijt Fai"ersity NEWSLETTER Kansas State Uoiversit'j Manhattan, Kansas 66506-1002 Donald S. Detwiler ISSN 0885·-5668 Southern Ulinoi' Va,,,,,,,sity The WWT&« is a.fIi!iilI.etf witJr: at Ccrbomlale American Riston:a1 A."-'iociatioG 400 I" Street, SE. T.!rms expiring 100(, Washingtoo, D.C. 20003 http://www.theah2.or9 Call Boyd Old Dominio" Uaiversity Comite internationa: dlli.loire de la Deuxii:me G""",, Mondiale AI"".nde< CochrnIl Nos. 77 & 78 Spring & Fall 2007 lnstiM d'Hi,stoire du Temp. PreSeDt. Carli5te D2I"n!-:'ks, Pa (Centre nat.onal de I. recberche ,sci,,,,tifiqu', [CNRSJ) Roj' K. I'M' Ecole Normale S<rpeneure de Cach411 v"U. Crucis, N.C. 61, avenue du Pr.~j~'>Ut WiJso~ 94235 Cacllan Cedex, ::'C3nce Jolm Lewis Gaddis Yale Universit}' h<mtlJletor MUitary HL'mry and 10'" CenJury Sllldie" lIt Robin HiRbam Contents KaIUa.r Stare Universjly which su!'prt. Kansas Sl.ll1e Uni ....ersity the WWTSA's w-'bs;te ":1 the !nero.. at the following ~ljjrlrcs:;: (URL;: Richa.il E. Kaun www.k··stare.eDu/his.tD.-y/instltu..:..; (luive,.,,)' of North Carolw. -
DIE MITARBEITER DES BANDES Prof. Dr. Werner T. Angress, Dept. Of
DIE MITARBEITER DES BANDES Prof. Dr. Werner T. Angress, Dept. of History, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, Ν. Y. 11794, USA Dr. Wilhelm Arenz, Von-Schnewling-Weg 6, 7812 Bad Krozingen Dr. Walther L. Bernecker, Akademischer Rat, Ziehrerstr. 7 a, 8906 Gersthofen Edda Bilger, Μ. Α., 417 Ν. Donaldson, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74074, USA Prof. Dr. Fritz Blaich, Lehrstuhl für Wirtschaftsgeschichte, Universität Regensburg, 8400 Regens- burg Dr. Rainer A. Blasius, Hardt 43, 4018 Langenfeld Dr. Brian Bond, Dept. of War Studies, University of London King's College, Strand, London, W. C. 2, United Kingdom Dr. Heinz-Ludger Borgert, Archivrat im Bundesarchiv-Militärarchiv, Freiburg i. Br., Alemannen- straße 11, 7809 Denzlingen Prof. Dr. Martin van Creveld, Dept. of History, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem Dr. Gerald H. Davis, Professor of History, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Ga. 30303, USA Dr. Wilhelm Deist, Ltd. Wiss. Direktor, Militärgeschichtliches Forschungsamt Dr. Η. R. Delporte, Wiss. Direktor a.D., Sundgauallee 55, 7800 Freiburg i.Br. Prof. Dr. Jost Diilffer, Hist. Seminar der Universität Köln, Albertus-Magnus-Platz, 5000 Köln 41 Prof. Dr. Alexander Fischer, Hist. Seminar/Abt. Osteuropäische Geschichte der Johann-Wolfgang- Goethe-Universität, Senckenberganlage 31, 6000 Frankfurt a. M. 1 Johannes Fischer, Oberst a.D., Sonnenwiese 10, 7803 Gundelfingen-Wildtal Dr. Roger Fletcher, 11/26—28 Park Avenue, Burwood 2134, Australia Dr. Jürgen Förster, Wiss. Oberrat, Militärgeschichtliches Forschungsamt Dr. Friedrich Forstmeier, Kapitän z.S. a.D., Alemannenstr. 57, 7800 Freiburg i.Br. Prof. Dr. Konrad Fuchs, Hist. Seminar der Johannes-Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Saarstr. 21, 6500 Mainz Prof. Dr. Hans W. -
A Cultural History of US Involvement in Axis-Occupied Yugoslavia
University of Rhode Island DigitalCommons@URI Open Access Master's Theses 2018 The Power of Narratives: A Cultural History of US Involvement in Axis-Occupied Yugoslavia William P. Fouse University of Rhode Island, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.uri.edu/theses Recommended Citation Fouse, William P., "The Power of Narratives: A Cultural History of US Involvement in Axis-Occupied Yugoslavia" (2018). Open Access Master's Theses. Paper 1195. https://digitalcommons.uri.edu/theses/1195 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by DigitalCommons@URI. It has been accepted for inclusion in Open Access Master's Theses by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@URI. For more information, please contact [email protected]. THE POWER OF NARRATIVES: A CULTURAL HISTORY OF US INVOLVEMENT IN AXIS-OCCUPIED YUGOSLAVIA BY WILLIAM P. FOUSE A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS IN HISTORY UNIVERSITY OF RHODE ISLAND 2018 MASTER OF ARTS THESIS OF WILLIAM P. FOUSE APPROVED: Thesis Committee: Major Professor Robert W. Widell, Jr. James Mace Ward Valerie Karno Nasser H. Zawia DEAN OF THE GRADUATE SCHOOL UNIVERSITY OF RHODE ISLAND 2018 ABSTRACT My thesis examines the ways in which narratives about Axis-occupied Yugoslavia developed within the United States over the course of World War II and identifies how these narratives influenced the development of American foreign policy. Methodologically, I utilize the literary theories of Northrop Frye and Hayden White as a means of narrative analysis. Frye categorizes narratives as romance, comedy, tragedy, or satire. -
DIE MITARBEITER DES BANDES Dr. Roger Chickering
DIE MITARBEITER DES BANDES Dr. Roger Chickering, Associate Professor of History, Dept. of History, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, 97403, USA Marshall M. Lee, PhD, Assistant Professor, Dept. of History, Pacific University, Forest Grove, Oregon 97116, USA Dr. Jürgen Förster, Wiss. Oberrat, Militärgeschichtliches Forschungsamt Dr. Norbert Wiggershaus, Oberstlt., Militärgeschichtliches Forschungsamt Dr. Bernd F. Schulte, Beim Jacobistift 7, 2000 Hamburg 60 Prof. Dr. Gerhard Wirth, Seminar für Alte Geschichte der Universität Bonn, Am Hof le, 5300 Bonn Dr. Hans-Christoph Junge, Studienreferendar, Hölderlinstr. 3, 7830 Emmendingen Dr. Norbert Ohler, Akad. Oberrat, Ringstr. 2a, 7800 Freiburg-Hochdorf Jürgen Kloosterhuis, StARef, Gutenbergstr. 9, 3550 Marburg a. d.Lahn Dr. Wolfram Wette, Wiss. Oberrat, Militärgeschichtliches Forschungsamt Dr. Gerhard Schreiber, Korv.-Kpt., Militärgeschichtliches Forschungsamt Dr. Jost Dülffer, Hist. Seminar der Universität zu Köln, Albertus-Magnus-Platz, 5000 Köln 41 Michael Underdown, Dozent, Dept. of History, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic. 3052, Australia Dr. Heinz-Ludger Borgert, Archivrat ζ. Α., Bundesarchiv-Militärarchiv, Wiesentalstr. 10, 7800 Freiburg i.Br. Dr. Gerd R. Ueberschär, Wiss. Rat, Militärgeschichtliches Forschungsamt Reinhard Starck, Wörrstädter Str. 76, 6505 Nierstein 1 Dr. Leon Papeleux, Rue Belle Jardiniere 421, B-4900 Angleur Dr. Bernd Stegemann, Wiss. Oberrat, Militärgeschichtliches Forschungsamt Hellmut Dittrich, Oberst a.D., Tennenbacher Str. 6, 7809 Denzlingen Dr. Klaus A. Maier, Oberstlt., Militärgeschichtliches Forschungsamt Dr. Horst Boog, Wiss. Oberrat, Militärgeschichtliches Forschungsamt Rolf-Dieter Müller, Hist. Seminar der Technischen Universität Braunschweig, Reitlingstr. 19, 3301 Erke- rode Dr. Gunther Mai, Wiss. Angestellter, Seminar für Neuere Geschichte der Philipps-Universität Mar- burg/Lahn, Krummbogen 28 C, 3550 Marburg a.d. Lahn Albrecht Götz v. Olenhusen, Rechtsanwalt, Lessingstr. -
Quiet in the Rear: the Wehrmacht and the Weltanschauungskrieg in the Occupation of the Soviet Union
Quiet in the Rear: The Wehrmacht and the Weltanschauungskrieg in the Occupation of the Soviet Union by Justin Harvey A thesis presented to the University Of Waterloo in fulfillment of the thesis requirement for the degree of Master Of Arts in History Waterloo, Ontario, Canada, 2018 © Justin Harvey 2018 I hereby declare that I am the sole author of this thesis. This is a true copy of the thesis, including any required final revisions, as accepted by my examiners. I understand that my thesis may be made electronically available to the public. ii Historians widely acknowledge that the Second World War witnessed a substantial degree of ideology in the conflict itself. This paper will establish the degree to which the ideology of National Socialism shaped the Wehrmacht’s decision-making process prior to and during their occupation of the Soviet Union, as well as the outcomes of those decisions. To this end, those in positions of authority in the military – including Hitler himself, the OKW, the OKH and various subordinate commanders – will be examined to determine how National Socialist tenets shaped their plans and efforts to quell and exploit the occupied Soviet Union. iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I wish to express my most profound gratitude to my supervisor, Dr. Alexander Statiev, for guiding me as this project came together. Your patience and support in this process were greatly appreciated. This work is dedicated to my grandfather, Jack Harvey, whom I never met, but whose service in the RCAF in the Second World War first inspired me to engage in the serious study of history.