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Holocaust/Shoah the Organization of the Jewish Refugees in Italy Holocaust Commemoration in Present-Day Poland
NOW AVAILABLE remembrance a n d s o l i d a r i t y Holocaust/Shoah The Organization of the Jewish Refugees in Italy Holocaust Commemoration in Present-day Poland in 20 th century european history Ways of Survival as Revealed in the Files EUROPEAN REMEMBRANCE of the Ghetto Courts and Police in Lithuania – LECTURES, DISCUSSIONS, remembrance COMMENTARIES, 2012–16 and solidarity in 20 th This publication features the century most significant texts from the european annual European Remembrance history Symposium (2012–16) – one of the main events organized by the European Network Remembrance and Solidarity in Gdańsk, Berlin, Prague, Vienna and Budapest. The 2017 issue symposium entitled ‘Violence in number the 20th-century European history: educating, commemorating, 5 – december documenting’ will take place in Brussels. Lectures presented there will be included in the next Studies issue. 2016 Read Remembrance and Solidarity Studies online: enrs.eu/studies number 5 www.enrs.eu ISSUE NUMBER 5 DECEMBER 2016 REMEMBRANCE AND SOLIDARITY STUDIES IN 20TH CENTURY EUROPEAN HISTORY EDITED BY Dan Michman and Matthias Weber EDITORIAL BOARD ISSUE EDITORS: Prof. Dan Michman Prof. Matthias Weber EDITORS: Dr Florin Abraham, Romania Dr Árpád Hornják, Hungary Dr Pavol Jakubčin, Slovakia Prof. Padraic Kenney, USA Dr Réka Földváryné Kiss, Hungary Dr Ondrej Krajňák, Slovakia Prof. Róbert Letz, Slovakia Prof. Jan Rydel, Poland Prof. Martin Schulze Wessel, Germany EDITORIAL COORDINATOR: Ewelina Pękała REMEMBRANCE AND SOLIDARITY STUDIES IN 20TH CENTURY EUROPEAN HISTORY PUBLISHER: European Network Remembrance and Solidarity ul. Wiejska 17/3, 00–480 Warszawa, Poland www.enrs.eu, [email protected] COPY-EDITING AND PROOFREADING: Caroline Brooke Johnson PROOFREADING: Ramon Shindler TYPESETTING: Marcin Kiedio GRAPHIC DESIGN: Katarzyna Erbel COVER DESIGN: © European Network Remembrance and Solidarity 2016 All rights reserved ISSN: 2084–3518 Circulation: 500 copies Funded by the Federal Government Commissioner for Culture and the Media upon a Decision of the German Bundestag. -
Operation Sunrise: America’S OSS, Swiss Intelligence, and the German Surrender 1945
Operation Sunrise: America’s OSS, Swiss Intelligence, and the German Surrender 1945 by Stephen P. Halbrook* Operation Sunrise was a cooperative effort of American and Swiss intelligence services which led to the unconditional surrender of the German Wehrmacht forces in Northern Italy and Western Austria on May 2, 1945. General Heinrich von Vietinghoff, Commander-in- Chief of the Southwest Command and of Army Group C, surrendered nearly a million soldiers, the strongest remaining German force. This was the first great surrender of German forces to the Allies, and became a strong impetus for the final Allied victory over Nazi Germany on May 8, Victory in Europe (VE) Day. Operation Sunrise helped to nip in the bud Nazi aspirations for guerilla resistance in an Alpine redoubt. Sunrise, sometimes referred to as “Crossword,” has special significance today beyond the sixtieth anniversary of the German surrender. Despite Switzerland’s formal neutrality, Swiss intelligence agents aggressively facilitated American efforts to end the war. Ironically, the efforts of key U.S. intelligence agents on the ground to orchestrate the surrender were hampered and almost scuttled by leaders in Washington to appease Joseph Stalin, who wished to delay the surrender in the West so that Soviet forces could grab more territory in the East. *This paper was originally presented at the conference Sunrise ‘05, Locarno, Switzerland, May 2, 2005, and was published in “Operation Sunrise.” Atti del convegno internazionale (Locarno, 2 maggio 2005), a cura di Marino Viganò - Dominic M. Pedrazzini (Lugano 2006), pp. 103-30. The conference was held to commemorate the 60th anniversary of the surrender of German forces in northern Italy. -
What Was the Turning Point of World War Ii?
WHAT WAS THE TURNING POINT OF WORLD WAR II? Jeff Moore History 420: Senior Seminar December 13, 2012 1 World War II was the decisive war of the twentieth century. Millions of people lost their lives in the fighting. Hitler and the Nazis were eventually stopped in their attempt to dominate Europe, but at a great cost to everyone. Looking back at the war, it is hard to find the definitive moment when the war could no longer be won by the Axis, and it is even more difficult to find the exact moment when the tide of the war turned. This is because there are so many moments that could be argued as the turning point of World War II. Different historians pose different arguments as to what this moment could be. Most agree that the turning point of World War II, in military terms, was either Operation Barbarossa or the Battle of Stalingrad. UCLA professor Robert Dallek, Third Reich and World War II specialist Richard Overy, and British journalist and historian Max Hastings, all argue that Stalingrad was the point of the war in which everything changed.1 The principal arguments surrounding this specific battle are that it was the furthest east that Germany ever made it, and after the Russian victory Stalin’s forces were able to gain the confidence and momentum necessary to push the Germans back to the border. On the other hand, Operation Barbarossa is often cited as the turning point for World War II because the Germans did not have the resources necessary to survive a prolonged invasion of Russia fighting both the Red Army and the harsh Russian weather. -
HIS6934-09 State, Society, and Rebellion in Modern Germany Prof
HIS6934-09 State, Society, and Rebellion in Modern Germany Prof. Nathan Stoltzfus EUH 4465, Fall 06 447 Bel, [email protected] T 2:00 Bel 0048 COURSE DESCRIPTION The colloquium examines state and society in modern Germany to review the question of whether Germans have been as politically docile in history as in stereotypes. Within the various political structures that characterize modern Germany, how have ordinary Germans and society as a whole expressed influence, how important were popular uprisings in bringing about political reform, and how does this compare with the experiences of other European states? We will trace developments of the public political sphere in relationship to social disturbances and unrest, paying particular attention to the politics of the street, that public space of potential influence for ordinary people with little access to levers of power, whether within empire, regime, or democracy. REQUIREMENTS Each student must: 1) Read all the common reading assignments in advance of class. 2) Write a 500-word précis of the common reading and email it to the entire class by Monday noon in advance of Tuesday’s meetings. The précis should summarize a book or article’s thesis and identify its key points (rather than critically evaluating it). However, in addition you must each include in this email to the others two or more questions that will help the class critically evaluate the reading for that week. 3) Constructively and regularly contribute to seminar discussions. 4) Write one 5-page historiographic essay on one of the weekly course topics, distribute a copy of the essay to each student in class, and make an oral presentation of the material to the class. -
Drucksache 19/417 19
Deutscher Bundestag Drucksache 19/417 19. Wahlperiode 12.01.2018 Antwort der Bundesregierung auf die Kleine Anfrage der Abgeordneten Brigitte Freihold, Nicole Gohlke, Dr. Petra Sitte, weiterer Abgeordneter und der Fraktion DIE LINKE. – Drucksache 19/211 – Bildung und wissenschaftliche Forschung zum Holocaust und dem deutschen Vernichtungskrieg in Osteuropa durch das Zentrum für Militärgeschichte und Sozialwissenschaften der Bundeswehr in Potsdam Vorbemerkung der Fragesteller Das Zentrum für Militärgeschichte und Sozialwissenschaften der Bundeswehr in Potsdam (ZMSBw) vereinigt die geistes- und sozialwissenschaftliche For- schung der Bundeswehr. Interdisziplinär wird dort zu zentralen Problemstellun- gen der heutigen Streitkräfte geforscht, die sich aus Gegenwart und Geschichte ergeben. Die daraus entstehenden Veröffentlichungen richten sich einerseits an ein Fachpublikum und werden andererseits im Rahmen eines breiten Veröffent- lichungs- und Publikationsprogramms an deutsche Soldaten und Offiziere ver- mittelt. Eine kritische Aufarbeitung der NS-Geschichte, des Holocaust und des deutschen Vernichtungskrieges in Osteuropa und der Rolle der Wehrmacht, na- mentlich auch deren Nachwirkungen und Kontinuitäten in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland, ist nach Auffassung der Fragesteller auch vor dem Hintergrund der Debatte um Leitbilder und Traditionen der Bundeswehr von enormer Be- deutung. Berichte über rechtsextreme Vorfälle oder die Festnahme eines Ober- leutnants der Bundeswehr aus Offenbach, der im Verdacht stand, einen Terror- anschlag geplant -
ABSTRACT Title of Document: the FURTHEST
ABSTRACT Title of Document: THE FURTHEST WATCH OF THE REICH: NATIONAL SOCIALISM, ETHNIC GERMANS, AND THE OCCUPATION OF THE SERBIAN BANAT, 1941-1944 Mirna Zakic, Ph.D., 2011 Directed by: Professor Jeffrey Herf, Department of History This dissertation examines the Volksdeutsche (ethnic Germans) of the Serbian Banat (northeastern Serbia) during World War II, with a focus on their collaboration with the invading Germans from the Third Reich, and their participation in the occupation of their home region. It focuses on the occupation period (April 1941-October 1944) so as to illuminate three major themes: the mutual perceptions held by ethnic and Reich Germans and how these shaped policy; the motivation behind ethnic German collaboration; and the events which drew ethnic Germans ever deeper into complicity with the Third Reich. The Banat ethnic Germans profited from a fortuitous meeting of diplomatic, military, ideological and economic reasons, which prompted the Third Reich to occupy their home region in April 1941. They played a leading role in the administration and policing of the Serbian Banat until October 1944, when the Red Army invaded the Banat. The ethnic Germans collaborated with the Nazi regime in many ways: they accepted its worldview as their own, supplied it with food, administrative services and eventually soldiers. They acted as enforcers and executors of its policies, which benefited them as perceived racial and ideological kin to Reich Germans. These policies did so at the expense of the multiethnic Banat‟s other residents, especially Jews and Serbs. In this, the Third Reich replicated general policy guidelines already implemented inside Germany and elsewhere in German-occupied Europe. -
A Cultural History of US Involvement in Axis-Occupied Yugoslavia
University of Rhode Island DigitalCommons@URI Open Access Master's Theses 2018 The Power of Narratives: A Cultural History of US Involvement in Axis-Occupied Yugoslavia William P. Fouse University of Rhode Island, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.uri.edu/theses Recommended Citation Fouse, William P., "The Power of Narratives: A Cultural History of US Involvement in Axis-Occupied Yugoslavia" (2018). Open Access Master's Theses. Paper 1195. https://digitalcommons.uri.edu/theses/1195 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by DigitalCommons@URI. It has been accepted for inclusion in Open Access Master's Theses by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@URI. For more information, please contact [email protected]. THE POWER OF NARRATIVES: A CULTURAL HISTORY OF US INVOLVEMENT IN AXIS-OCCUPIED YUGOSLAVIA BY WILLIAM P. FOUSE A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS IN HISTORY UNIVERSITY OF RHODE ISLAND 2018 MASTER OF ARTS THESIS OF WILLIAM P. FOUSE APPROVED: Thesis Committee: Major Professor Robert W. Widell, Jr. James Mace Ward Valerie Karno Nasser H. Zawia DEAN OF THE GRADUATE SCHOOL UNIVERSITY OF RHODE ISLAND 2018 ABSTRACT My thesis examines the ways in which narratives about Axis-occupied Yugoslavia developed within the United States over the course of World War II and identifies how these narratives influenced the development of American foreign policy. Methodologically, I utilize the literary theories of Northrop Frye and Hayden White as a means of narrative analysis. Frye categorizes narratives as romance, comedy, tragedy, or satire. -
DIE MITARBEITER DES BANDES Dr. Roger Chickering
DIE MITARBEITER DES BANDES Dr. Roger Chickering, Associate Professor of History, Dept. of History, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, 97403, USA Marshall M. Lee, PhD, Assistant Professor, Dept. of History, Pacific University, Forest Grove, Oregon 97116, USA Dr. Jürgen Förster, Wiss. Oberrat, Militärgeschichtliches Forschungsamt Dr. Norbert Wiggershaus, Oberstlt., Militärgeschichtliches Forschungsamt Dr. Bernd F. Schulte, Beim Jacobistift 7, 2000 Hamburg 60 Prof. Dr. Gerhard Wirth, Seminar für Alte Geschichte der Universität Bonn, Am Hof le, 5300 Bonn Dr. Hans-Christoph Junge, Studienreferendar, Hölderlinstr. 3, 7830 Emmendingen Dr. Norbert Ohler, Akad. Oberrat, Ringstr. 2a, 7800 Freiburg-Hochdorf Jürgen Kloosterhuis, StARef, Gutenbergstr. 9, 3550 Marburg a. d.Lahn Dr. Wolfram Wette, Wiss. Oberrat, Militärgeschichtliches Forschungsamt Dr. Gerhard Schreiber, Korv.-Kpt., Militärgeschichtliches Forschungsamt Dr. Jost Dülffer, Hist. Seminar der Universität zu Köln, Albertus-Magnus-Platz, 5000 Köln 41 Michael Underdown, Dozent, Dept. of History, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic. 3052, Australia Dr. Heinz-Ludger Borgert, Archivrat ζ. Α., Bundesarchiv-Militärarchiv, Wiesentalstr. 10, 7800 Freiburg i.Br. Dr. Gerd R. Ueberschär, Wiss. Rat, Militärgeschichtliches Forschungsamt Reinhard Starck, Wörrstädter Str. 76, 6505 Nierstein 1 Dr. Leon Papeleux, Rue Belle Jardiniere 421, B-4900 Angleur Dr. Bernd Stegemann, Wiss. Oberrat, Militärgeschichtliches Forschungsamt Hellmut Dittrich, Oberst a.D., Tennenbacher Str. 6, 7809 Denzlingen Dr. Klaus A. Maier, Oberstlt., Militärgeschichtliches Forschungsamt Dr. Horst Boog, Wiss. Oberrat, Militärgeschichtliches Forschungsamt Rolf-Dieter Müller, Hist. Seminar der Technischen Universität Braunschweig, Reitlingstr. 19, 3301 Erke- rode Dr. Gunther Mai, Wiss. Angestellter, Seminar für Neuere Geschichte der Philipps-Universität Mar- burg/Lahn, Krummbogen 28 C, 3550 Marburg a.d. Lahn Albrecht Götz v. Olenhusen, Rechtsanwalt, Lessingstr. -
Quiet in the Rear: the Wehrmacht and the Weltanschauungskrieg in the Occupation of the Soviet Union
Quiet in the Rear: The Wehrmacht and the Weltanschauungskrieg in the Occupation of the Soviet Union by Justin Harvey A thesis presented to the University Of Waterloo in fulfillment of the thesis requirement for the degree of Master Of Arts in History Waterloo, Ontario, Canada, 2018 © Justin Harvey 2018 I hereby declare that I am the sole author of this thesis. This is a true copy of the thesis, including any required final revisions, as accepted by my examiners. I understand that my thesis may be made electronically available to the public. ii Historians widely acknowledge that the Second World War witnessed a substantial degree of ideology in the conflict itself. This paper will establish the degree to which the ideology of National Socialism shaped the Wehrmacht’s decision-making process prior to and during their occupation of the Soviet Union, as well as the outcomes of those decisions. To this end, those in positions of authority in the military – including Hitler himself, the OKW, the OKH and various subordinate commanders – will be examined to determine how National Socialist tenets shaped their plans and efforts to quell and exploit the occupied Soviet Union. iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I wish to express my most profound gratitude to my supervisor, Dr. Alexander Statiev, for guiding me as this project came together. Your patience and support in this process were greatly appreciated. This work is dedicated to my grandfather, Jack Harvey, whom I never met, but whose service in the RCAF in the Second World War first inspired me to engage in the serious study of history. -
Wehrmacht Security Regiments in the Soviet Partisan War, 1943
Ben Shepherd Wehrmacht Security Regiments in the Soviet Partisan War, 1943 Historians generally agree that, as an institution, the German Wehrmacht identified strongly with National Socialism and embroiled itself in the Third Reich’s criminality through a mix- ture of ideological agreement, military ruthlessness, calculation and careerism.1 Less certain is how far this picture extends to the Wehrmacht’s lower levels — individual units and jurisdictions, middle-ranking and junior officers, NCOs and rank-and-file sol- diers. For the German Army of the East (Ostheer), which fought in the ideologically coloured eastern campaign (Ostfeldzug) of extermination, subjugation and plunder against the Soviet Union, the scale of complicity, of the resulting killing and of the manpower involved make lower-level investigation especially pertinent. The picture emerging from a detailed, albeit still embryonic, case study treatment of units of the Ostheer’s middle level (mitt- lere Schicht) — a picture which, thanks to the nature of the sources available, is significantly fuller than that of its rank and file — is one in which motivation and conduct, whilst unde- niably very often ruthless and brutal, were nonetheless multi- faceted in origin and varied in form and extent.2 This article argues that, if the dynamics behind mittlere Schicht brutality are to be understood more fully and their effects quantified more comprehensively, the mittlere Schicht itself needs breaking down and examining in terms of the different levels — divisions, regi- ments, battalions and others — that comprised it. The setting is the Ostheer’s anti-partisan campaign in the central sector of the German-occupied Soviet Union, namely Byelorussia and the areas of greater Russia to the east of it, during the spring and summer of 1943. -
Hitler and Mussolini: a Comparative Analysis of the Rome-Berlin Axis 1936-1940 Written by Stephanie Hodgson
Hitler and Mussolini: A comparative analysis of the Rome-Berlin Axis 1936-1940 Written by Stephanie Hodgson This PDF is auto-generated for reference only. As such, it may contain some conversion errors and/or missing information. For all formal use please refer to the official version on the website, as linked below. Hitler and Mussolini: A comparative analysis of the Rome-Berlin Axis 1936-1940 https://www.e-ir.info/2011/07/29/hitler-and-mussolini-a-comparative-analysis-of-the-rome-berlin-axis-1936-1940/ STEPHANIE HODGSON, JUL 29 2011 Nazi Germany and fascist Italy have often been depicted as congruent cases[1] during the period in discussion in which their supposed inherent links formed the basis of their relationship. These inherent links include their common ideology, albeit there are minor differences,[2] their similar foreign policy, expansionist aims and finally common enemies – Britain, France and communist Russia. Furthermore, they shared parallel leadership principles and referred to as Duce and Führer (both mean leader), and additionally both held great hostility towards parliamentary democracy.[3] Although these factors hold a great deal of truth and certainly some weight, it is difficult to argue that the Rome-Berlin axis was established purely on this basis. This paper will predominately argue that Germany and Italy had little in common but common enemies and more significantly the shared aim of both wanting to assert themselves as revisionist powers of the interwar period. Thus, their alliance was one of more convenience than anything else in that both powers were aware that they needed an ally within Europe as a means of achieving their ambitious and aggressive foreign policies. -
Hitlers Besuch in Finnland. Das Geheime Tonprotokoll Seiner
Dokumentation BERND WEGNER HITLERS BESUCH IN FINNLAND Das geheime Tonprotokoll seiner Unterredung mit Mannerheim am 4. Juni 1942* I. Am Vormittag des 3. Juni 1942 erhielt der deutsche Geschäftsträger in Helsinki, Wipert von Blücher, überraschenden Besuch. Kurz zuvor nämlich waren der Gesandte Hewel und Ge neralmajor Schmundt, Hitlers persönlicher Adjutant, mit einer Sondermaschine aus dem Führerhauptquartier kommend in Finnland gelandet, um Blücher und General Erfurth, den deutschen Verbindungsoffizier zum finnischen Hauptquartier, von der Absicht des „Füh rers" zu unterrichten, Feldmarschall Mannerheim, dem Oberkommandierenden der finni schen Streitkräfte, aus Anlaß seines 75. Geburtstages am folgenden Tage einen persönlichen Besuch abzustatten. Dabei sollte es sich nach Hitlers Vorstellung um keine offizielle Staats visite, sondern vielmehr um einen „Frontbesuch" handeln, von welchem der Gastgeber frei lich - schon allein aus Sicherheitsgründen - nur wenige Stunden vor Eintreffen seines Gastes unterrichtet werden sollte1. Hitlers Ansinnen stellte den erfahrenen Diplomaten v. Blücher, vor allem aber die finni sche Staatsführung, die schließlich doch noch am Abend des 3. Juni unter der Auflage strengster Geheimhaltung von den Absichten des deutschen Diktators informiert wurde, vor eine Reihe delikater Probleme2. Diese waren zum Teil protokollarischer Natur - wie z.B. die Frage, welche Rolle der finnische Staatspräsident bei diesem Treffen der Oberbe fehlshaber zu spielen hätte -, zum Teil ergaben sie sich aus den besonderen Umständen, Einen ersten Hinweis auf das hier behandelte Dokument gab mir mein finnischer Kollege Sampo Ahto. Antti Juutilainen, Eero Saarenheimo, Antero Tuomi (alle Helsinki), ferner Dr. Hans J. Künzel (Taunusstein) sowie Frau Dr. Maria Keipert (Politisches Archiv des Auswärtigen Amtes, Bonn) ge währten mir Unterstützung bei den weiteren Recherchen.