Evolution of a Horizontally Acquired
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Polyploidy19 Program.Pdf
Preface Yves Van de Peer The study of polyploidy dates back more than 100 years to the work of biologists such as Hugo de Vries and G. Ledyard Stebbins Jr. It has since then been realized that polyploidy is widespread and commonplace in plants. Although polyploidy is much rarer in animals, there are also numerous cases of currently polyploid insects, fishes, amphibians and reptiles. For a long time, ancient polyploidy events, dating back millions of years, were much less well documented and it was not until the advent of genomic technologies that conclusive evidence of ancient whole genome duplications (WGD) events became available and we now have evidence for tens, or even hundreds, of ancient WGD events. Explanations of the short-term success of polyploids are usually centered on the effects of genomic changes and increased genetic variation, which are mediated by changes in gene expression and epigenetic remodeling. Increased genetic variation, together with the direct cytogenetic conse- quences of genome doubling, can potentially affect the morphology and physiology of newly formed polyploids and could lead to alterations of ecologically and envi- ronmentally suitable conditions. For instance, it has repeatedly been proposed that polyploids have increased environmental robustness than do diploids, potentially leading to evolutionary advantages during periods of environmental turmoil. More- over, polyploidy has also sometimes been linked with higher diversification rates. Long(er)-term implications of WGD might be evolutionary innovation and increase in biological complexity by the biased retention of regulatory and developmental genes, which, given time, might diversify in function or cause rewiring of gene regulatory networks. -
Towards Resolving Lamiales Relationships
Schäferhoff et al. BMC Evolutionary Biology 2010, 10:352 http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2148/10/352 RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access Towards resolving Lamiales relationships: insights from rapidly evolving chloroplast sequences Bastian Schäferhoff1*, Andreas Fleischmann2, Eberhard Fischer3, Dirk C Albach4, Thomas Borsch5, Günther Heubl2, Kai F Müller1 Abstract Background: In the large angiosperm order Lamiales, a diverse array of highly specialized life strategies such as carnivory, parasitism, epiphytism, and desiccation tolerance occur, and some lineages possess drastically accelerated DNA substitutional rates or miniaturized genomes. However, understanding the evolution of these phenomena in the order, and clarifying borders of and relationships among lamialean families, has been hindered by largely unresolved trees in the past. Results: Our analysis of the rapidly evolving trnK/matK, trnL-F and rps16 chloroplast regions enabled us to infer more precise phylogenetic hypotheses for the Lamiales. Relationships among the nine first-branching families in the Lamiales tree are now resolved with very strong support. Subsequent to Plocospermataceae, a clade consisting of Carlemanniaceae plus Oleaceae branches, followed by Tetrachondraceae and a newly inferred clade composed of Gesneriaceae plus Calceolariaceae, which is also supported by morphological characters. Plantaginaceae (incl. Gratioleae) and Scrophulariaceae are well separated in the backbone grade; Lamiaceae and Verbenaceae appear in distant clades, while the recently described Linderniaceae are confirmed to be monophyletic and in an isolated position. Conclusions: Confidence about deep nodes of the Lamiales tree is an important step towards understanding the evolutionary diversification of a major clade of flowering plants. The degree of resolution obtained here now provides a first opportunity to discuss the evolution of morphological and biochemical traits in Lamiales. -
An Account of Orobanche L. in Britain and Ireland
Watsonia, 18, 257-295 (1991) 257 An accountof OrobancheL. in Britain and Ireland J. RUMSEY and S. L. JURY Departmentof Botany, Universityof Reading,P.O. Box 221,Reading, Berkshire, RG6 2AS ABSTRACT Morphological descriptions are given of the 14 speciesof Orobanche (Orobanchaceae) recorded in the British Isles, together with separate keys for identifying fresh material and herbarium specimens. Accounts of the history of the speciesare presented together with illustrations and distribution maps. The variation in Orobanche minor is accounted for with the recognition of four varieties. INTRODUcnON ..,,; . The genus Orobanche is renowned as a taxonomically very difficult one. In most casesthis is a result of many of the useful charactersbecoming lost on drying, and the lack of adequate field notes. Plants which are very distinct in the field become reduced to a hideous brown uniformity when pressed. Therefore, herbarium specimens are often incorrectly determined (an average of 5-10% in fact). The loss of characters on drying, considerable intra-specific variation, confusing synonymies, incorrectly cited names and badly described specieswith poor types (often with different specieson the same sheet) have done little to generate interest in the genus. Too many botanists have shown a reluctance to deal with this genusin herbaria, perpetuating the myth that the speciesare impossible to identify once dried. Certainly, Orobanche minor Sm. and its close relatives often cannot be positively determined without descriptive notes made at the time of gathering, but all other species from the British Isles are distinct enough not to need any additional information. It is hoped that this account will stimulate other botanists to study, identify and record members of this fascinating parasitic genus in Britain and Ireland, as well as clear up some errors and confusions made in the past. -
Number English Name Welsh Name Latin Name Availability Llysiau'r Dryw Agrimonia Eupatoria 32 Alder Gwernen Alnus Glutinosa 409 A
Number English name Welsh name Latin name Availability Sponsor 9 Agrimony Llysiau'r Dryw Agrimonia eupatoria 32 Alder Gwernen Alnus glutinosa 409 Alder Buckthorn Breuwydd Frangula alnus 967 Alexanders Dulys Smyrnium olusatrum Kindly sponsored by Alexandra Rees 808 Allseed Gorhilig Radiola linoides 898 Almond Willow Helygen Drigwryw Salix triandra 718 Alpine Bistort Persicaria vivipara 782 Alpine Cinquefoil Potentilla crantzii 248 Alpine Enchanter's-nightshade Llysiau-Steffan y Mynydd Circaea alpina 742 Alpine Meadow-grass Poa alpina 1032 Alpine Meadow-rue Thalictrum alpinum 217 Alpine Mouse-ear Clust-y-llygoden Alpaidd Cerastium alpinum 1037 Alpine Penny-cress Codywasg y Mwynfeydd Thlaspi caerulescens 911 Alpine Saw-wort Saussurea alpina Not Yet Available 915 Alpine Saxifrage Saxifraga nivalis 660 Alternate Water-milfoil Myrdd-ddail Cylchynol Myriophyllum alterniflorum 243 Alternate-leaved Golden-saxifrageEglyn Cylchddail Chrysosplenium alternifolium 711 Amphibious Bistort Canwraidd y Dŵr Persicaria amphibia 755 Angular Solomon's-seal Polygonatum odoratum 928 Annual Knawel Dinodd Flynyddol Scleranthus annuus 744 Annual Meadow-grass Gweunwellt Unflwydd Poa annua 635 Annual Mercury Bresychen-y-cŵn Flynyddol Mercurialis annua 877 Annual Pearlwort Cornwlyddyn Anaf-flodeuog Sagina apetala 1018 Annual Sea-blite Helys Unflwydd Suaeda maritima 379 Arctic Eyebright Effros yr Arctig Euphrasia arctica 218 Arctic Mouse-ear Cerastium arcticum 882 Arrowhead Saethlys Sagittaria sagittifolia 411 Ash Onnen Fraxinus excelsior 761 Aspen Aethnen Populus tremula -
Evolution of a Horizontally Acquired Legume Gene, Albumin 1, in the Parasitic Plant Phelipanche Aegyptiaca and Related Species
UC Davis UC Davis Previously Published Works Title Evolution of a horizontally acquired legume gene, albumin 1, in the parasitic plant Phelipanche aegyptiaca and related species Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7q1242t0 Journal BMC Evolutionary Biology, 13(1) ISSN 1471-2148 Authors Zhang, Yeting Fernandez-Aparicio, Monica Wafula, Eric K et al. Publication Date 2013-02-20 DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2148-13-48 Peer reviewed eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California Zhang et al. BMC Evolutionary Biology 2013, 13:48 http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2148/13/48 RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access Evolution of a horizontally acquired legume gene, albumin 1, in the parasitic plant Phelipanche aegyptiaca and related species Yeting Zhang1,2, Monica Fernandez-Aparicio3,4, Eric K Wafula5, Malay Das3, Yuannian Jiao5, Norman J Wickett5,6, Loren A Honaas5, Paula E Ralph5, Martin F Wojciechowski7, Michael P Timko8, John I Yoder9, James H Westwood3 and Claude W dePamphilis1,2,5* Abstract Background: Parasitic plants, represented by several thousand species of angiosperms, use modified structures known as haustoria to tap into photosynthetic host plants and extract nutrients and water. As a result of their direct plant-plant connections with their host plant, parasitic plants have special opportunities for horizontal gene transfer, the nonsexual transmission of genetic material across species boundaries. There is increasing evidence that parasitic plants have served as recipients and donors of horizontal gene transfer (HGT), but the long-term impacts of eukaryotic HGT in parasitic plants are largely unknown. Results: Here we show that a gene encoding albumin 1 KNOTTIN-like protein, closely related to the albumin 1 genes only known from papilionoid legumes, where they serve dual roles as food storage and insect toxin, was found in Phelipanche aegyptiaca and related parasitic species of family Orobanchaceae, and was likely acquired by a Phelipanche ancestor via HGT from a legume host based on phylogenetic analyses. -
Distributions of Vascular Plants in the Czech Republic. Part 2
Preslia 88: 229–322, 2016 229 Distributions of vascular plants in the Czech Republic. Part 2 Rozšíření cévnatých rostlin v České republice. Část 2 Zdeněk K a p l a n1,JiříDanihelka1, 2,JitkaŠtěpánková1, Libor E k r t3, Jindřich C h r t e k Jr.1,JiříZázvorka1,VítGrulich2, Radomír Ř e p k a4, Jan P r a n č l1, 5,MichalDucháček6,PavelKúr3, Kateřina Š u m b e r o v á1 &JosefBrůna1 1Institute of Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences, CZ-252 43 Průhonice, Czech Repub- lic, e-mail: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], zazvorka @ibot.cas.cz, [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected]; 2Department of Botany and Zoology, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, CZ-611 37 Brno, Czech Republic, e-mail: [email protected], [email protected]; 3 Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 1760, CZ-370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic, email: [email protected], [email protected]; 4Department of Forest Botany, Dendrology and Geobiocenology, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University, Zemědělská 3, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic, e-mail: [email protected]; 5Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Benátská 2, CZ-128 01 Prague, Czech Republic; 6Department of Botany, National Museum, Cirkusová 1740, CZ-193 00 Praha 9-Horní Počernice, Czech Republic, e-mail: [email protected] Kaplan Z., Danihelka J., Štěpánková J., Ekrt L., Chrtek J. Jr., Zázvorka J., Grulich V., Řepka R., Prančl J., Ducháček M., Kúr P., Šumberová K. -
Bulletin No. 6
Bulletin 6 of the European Dry Grassland Group Introduction During the last three months our organization has developed dynamically. We have invited Michael Vrahnakis to cooperate in the EDGG Executive Committee. The fourth EDGG sub-group has been established focussing on dry grassland biodiversity in Southern and Eastern Europe. The num- ber of members is gradually increasing and the number of involved coun- tries has reached 42. The preparation of the 7th European Dry Grassland Meeting is reaching completion and many of us will meet in May in Smo- lenice (Slovakia). In July, there will be an international EDGG research expedition in Central Podilia, Ukraine, which you can join. We invite you to read the details of our spring news included in this Bulletin issue. Ad- ditionally, you will find here three longer contributions: i) the results of floristic investigations on kurgans in the southern Ukraine, ii) a brief in- troduction to Mediterranean type ecosystems and iii) a survey of Greek grassland habitats. We wish you pleasant reading and a beautiful and successful growing season for 2010. Monika Janišová & members of EDGG Executive Committee Content European Dry Grassland Group 2 Mike Vrahnakis, a new member of the EDGG Executive Committee 2 South-East European Dry Grassland group (SEEDGG) 3 EDGG Membership 5 EDGG research expedition in Ukraine July 2010 6 Kurgans of Ukraine as a refuge of steppe flora 9 Mediterranean Type Ecosystems (MTEs): a brief introduction 14 Dry grassland habitat types of Greece 17 Miscellaneous 22 Book reviews 23 Forum 25 Forthcoming events 26 Photo left: Muscari neglectum (to contribution of . -
Violaceae – Violkovité
Fabaceae – bobovité F. krytosemenné (angiosperms) oddělení: Angiospermae (Magnoliophyta) dvouděložné (Dicots) pravé dvouděložné (Eudicots) rosidy (Rosids, Eudicots I) pravé rosidy (Eurosids) fabidy (Eurosids I) Řád: Fabales – bobotvaré Fabaceae – bobovité - Byliny i dřeviny (keře i stromy) Robilnia pseudoacacia - Symbióza s hlízkovými bakteriemi rodu Rhizobium Trifolium pratense Rhizobium Cytisus nigricans Fabaceae – bobovité - Listy střídavé, složené Genista tinctoria Securigera varia (zpeřené nebo dlanité), vzácně jednoduché - Palisty přítomny - Vzácně fylodia Trifolium pratense palist Trifolium ochroleucon Lathyrus vernus Fabaceae – bobovité - Květenství hrozen nebo strboul Laburnum anagyroides Trifolium ochroleucon květenství - hrozen květenství - strboul Fabaceae – bobovité - Květy oboupohlavné, Anthylis vulneraria zygomorfní (aktinomorfní pouze u cizokrajných), cyklické, pentamerické - Květní obaly rozlišené (kalich vytrvalý kalich srostlý, koruna volná) Lathyrus sylvestris pavéza Vicia faba křídla http://upload.wikimedia.org člunek Fabaceae – bobovité - Tyčinky zpravidla srostlé (9+1) - Gyneceum apokarpní, svrchní Lotus corniculatus Lathyrus vernus nitky 9 tyčinek srůstající v rourku čnělka dvoubratré tyčinky semeník vzniklý z 1 plodolistu Fabaceae – bobovité - Plod lusk, struk nebo nažka Trifolium fragiferum Lathyrus hirsutus Vicia tetrasperma nažka ukrytá ve lusk vytrvalém kalichu Fabaceae – bobovité Naši zástupci Dorycnium germanicum Lotus corniculatus Astragalus onobrychis Hedysarum hedysaroides Lathyrus vernus Lamiaceae – -
A Polyploid Medicin
bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.05.06.442843; this version posted May 6, 2021. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. 1 Original Article 2 Spatial and ecological drivers of population structure in Alkanna tinctoria (Boraginaceae), a 3 polyploid medicinal herb 4 Muhammad Ahmad1,2, Thibault Leroy2, Nikos Krigas3, Eva M. Temsch2, Hanna Weiss- 5 Schneeweiss2, Christian Lexer2,†, Eva Maria Sehr1,4* and Ovidiu Paun2,4 6 1 Center for Health & Bioresources, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Tulln, Austria. 7 2Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, University of Vienna, Austria. 8 3Institute of Plant Breeding and Genetic Resources, Hellenic Agricultural Organization–Demeter 9 (HAODemeter), Thessaloniki, Greece 10 4Shared last authorship. 11 †Deceased. 12 *Author of correspondence: Eva Maria Sehr: [email protected] 13 Running title: Population genomics of Alkanna tinctoria 14 15 16 17 18 bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.05.06.442843; this version posted May 6, 2021. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. 19 Abstract 20 Background and Aims 21 Quantifying genetic variation is fundamental to understand a species’ demographic trajectory and 22 its ability to adapt to future changes. -
Open Yetingdissertationori.Pdf
The Pennsylvania State University The Graduate School Intercollege Graduate Program in Genetics HORIZONTAL GENE TRANSFER STUDIES IN PARASITIC PLANTS OF THE OROBANCHACEAE A Dissertation in Genetics by Yeting Zhang © 2013 Yeting Zhang Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy December 2013 The dissertation of Yeting Zhang was reviewed and approved* by the following: Stephen W. Schaeffer Professor of Biology Chair of Committee Claude W. dePamphilis Professor of Biology Dissertation Advisor Tomas A. Carlo Assistant Professor of Biology John E. Carlson Professor of Molecular Genetics, School of Forest Resources Director of The Schatz Center for Tree Molecular Genetics Naomi Altman Professor of Statistics Robert F. Paulson Professor of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences Chair, Intercollege Graduate Degree Program in Genetics *Signatures are on file in the Graduate School ii ABSTRACT Parasitic plants, represented by several thousand species of angiosperms, use modified structures known as haustoria to tap into photosynthetic host plants in order to extract nutrients and water. As a result of these direct plant-to-plant connections with their host plants, parasitic plants have unique opportunities for horizontal gene transfer (HGT), the nonsexual transmission of genetic material across species boundaries. There is increasing evidence that parasitic plants have served as the recipients and donors of HGT, but the long-term impacts of eukaryotic HGT in parasitic plants are largely unknown. Three parasitic plant genera from Orobanchaceae (Triphysaria versicolor, Striga hermonthica, and Orobanche aegyptiaca (syn. Phelipanche aegyptiaca)) were chosen for a massive transcriptome-sequencing project known as the Parasitic Plant Genome Project (PPGP). These species were chosen for two reasons. -
2014 Newsletter 15
SOMERSET RARE PLANTS GROUP 2014 Newsletter Issue no. 15 Editor Liz McDonnell Introduction The membership of SRPG is currently standing at 74. We are always looking for people to take an ac- tive part in the group and to lead or help lead meetings. For information on subscriptions and member- ship see the Membership section in the back of the Newsletter. Visit www.somersetrareplantsgroup.org.uk to see the current year’s meetings programme, Somerset Rare Plant Register - list of species, criteria for inclusion and written accounts, Newsletter archive and information on SRPG recording. In 2014 we had 18 field meetings, 10 of them were fully or partially coastal. This fitted in with Natural England undertaking a review of the botanical interest of the Severn Estuary and the SRPG helped to gather records to contribute to this project. We also had meetings to find and monitor the rare and scarce species and general recording meetings, trying to fill in some of the under-recorded areas of the two vice-counties (VC5 South Somerset & VC6 North Somerset). We are keen to encourage members to either ‘adopt’ a species or a suite of species (especially those in our Rare Plant Register) or record in their chosen area, whether it is a patch, Parish or tetrad, as we need good coverage of the county. Members of the SRPG currently record at a scale of monad (1km square) level or finer. Six, eight or ten figure grid references are routinely recorded for rarer species. The Mapping program MapMate is used by the Somerset Vice-County Recorders to store, analyse and share data, all records being passed to the BSBI (Botanical Society of Britain & Ireland). -
Tes Is Do Ct Oral
Marzo, 2016 Marzo, Rodríguez Ojeda Rodríguez l e Isab TESIS DOCTORAL DOCTORAL TESIS María Estudios genéticos y de biología reproductiva en Orobanche cumana Wallr. TITULO: Estudios genéticos y de biología reproductiva en Orobanche cumana Wallr AUTOR: María Isabel Rodríguez Ojeda © Edita: UCOPress. 2016 Campus de Rabanales Ctra. Nacional IV, Km. 396 A 14071 Córdoba www.uco.es/publicaciones [email protected] UNIVERSIDAD DE CÓRDOBA DEPARTAMENTO DE GENÉTICA TESIS DOCTORAL POR COMPENDIO DE PUBLICACIONES Estudios genéticos y de biología reproductiva en Orobanche cumana Wallr. Autora María Isabel Rodríguez Ojeda Directores Dra. Begoña Pérez Vich Dr. Juan Fernández Escobar Córdoba, Marzo 2016 MINISTERIO DE ECONOMIA Y COMPETITIVIDAD BEGOÑA PÉREZ VICH, DOCTORA EN BIOLOGÍA POR LA UNIVERSIDAD DE SEVILLA, CIENTÍFICO TITULAR DEL DEPARTAMENTO DE MEJORA GENÉTICA VEGETAL DEL INSTITUTO DE AGRICULTURA SOSTENIBLE, CONSEJO SUPERIOR DE INVESTIGACIONES CIENTÍFICAS (CSIC), INFORMA: Que MARÍA ISABEL RODRÍGUEZ OJEDA, Licenciada en Biología, ha realizado bajo mi dirección en el Departamento de Mejora Genética Vegetal del Instituto de Agricultura Sostenible el trabajo de investigación titulado "Estudios genéticos y de biología reproductiva en Orobanche cumana Wallr.". Considero que dicho trabajo reúne los méritos suficientes para optar al Grado de Doctora. Y para que así conste y surta los efectos oportunos, firmo el presente informe en Córdoba a 8 de marzo de 2016. Juan Fernández Escobar Tel: +34 954 190800 Syngenta España, S.A. Thecnical Crop Expert Fax:+34