Integrated Development Plans and Its Sectoral Plans in the Optimisation Of
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Integrated Development Plans and its Sectoral Plans in the optimisation of participatory and integrated spatial planning as transformation tools: A case study of Tlokwe Local Municipality T Dzingai 25654578 Dissertation submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree Magister Artium et Scientiae in Urban and Regional Planning at the Potchefstroom Campus of the North-West University Supervisor: Prof CB Schoeman May 2016 PREFACE This research was conducted at the North West University, Potchefstroom campus under the supervision of Professor C.B. Schoeman from the Faculty of Natural Sciences Department of Regional and Urban Planning. Immense gratitude is rendered to the institution for funding the entire research process. The research was directed to Tlokwe Local Municipality, which is the local municipality in Potchefstroom. Tlokwe Local Municipality provided enormous assistance from the commencement of the research till the submission of the final product. I declare that the research work is solely that of the author. On occasions where there was use of other writers, acknowledgements have been made. Furthermore, the research has been presented in the dissertation form following North West University Manual for Postgraduate Studies. ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I gratefully acknowledge the many people who have unconditionally devoted their time, expertise, experiences and suggestions in favor the results of this dissertation. Firstly, I acknowledge the greatest support I received from my family, especially my mother and father, Mr and Mrs Dzingai. I salute you for the financial support and the unconditional love you have givem me throughout the whole research process. Many thanks go to the Mugadza family, who have been the greatest pillar from the beginning untill the end of the research process. May the Lord grant you with showers of blessings. I also received inspirations from the Marume family, Miss Takudzwa Taruza, Miss Majory Dzingai and my other friends. Thank you for the enthusiasm and encouragement which were so valuable when it seemed almost impossible to continue with the research. My most heartfelt appreciation goes to my boyfriend Munashe Mika, for enduring several months away from me in order for me to finish my research and also for the financial sacrifices you made. Thank you so much Love. Finally, I am grateful to many for the constructive discussions, criticisms and insights but particularly to Professor Carel B Schoeman and Professor IIse Schoeman. I have enjoyed many interchanges with you and benefitted greatly from the discussions. I am also grateful for the critical comments and suggestions from the colloquium panel, for the patience and encouragement which made this research a success. Above all I want to thank my Heavenly Father for granting me good health and strength to undertake this journey. Thank you Lord for walking with me down the narrow path. I would not have made it without you. “Give thanks to the Lord, for he is good, his love endures forever”. Psalm 136:1 iii ABSTRACT South African cities‟ fragmented spatial system can be traced back to apartheid 21 years ago. It was after democracy in 1994, that the central government which came into power instigated policies, guidelines and legislations with the major aim to rectify the disorientation of city systems. The legal frameworks focussed on achieving transformation through integration and participatory planning consequently producing quality service delivery. It is against this background that the IDP was formulated. The IDP is a comprehensive strategic planning instrument which is used to effectuate service delivery. However, ever since the adoption of the IDP in local municipalities, the plan making process has been tendered to consultancy firms due to insufficient capacity. This has posed challenges as there has been creation of habitual documents which lack innovation. This questions the authenticity of the planning system as well as whether the missing links which aid total service delivery is worsening due to the plan making itself. In addition, the study observes that in as much as emphasis on quality service delivery has been placed in local municipalities, public protests have been increasing over the years. This raises questions with regard to the major role of public participation which is now modelled in the spirit of contestation and protestation. The major question is whether this strand of public participation is shaping cities for better or the worse? This particular research placed attention on Tlokwe Local Municipality (TLM) as the study area in order to review performance in achieving goals for integration in aiding spatial transformations using the scorecard method. The research came up with a scorecard which used ranking units to assess the quality of service provision and achievement of IDP goals. From the scorecard, the study concludes that TLM is generally performing better compared to municipalities such as Matlosana Local Municipality (MLM) though there has been a decline in performance to meet some other IDP goals and objectives. Furthermore, through interviews and questionnaires, the study exposed that with regard to structures that have been put in place for participation; the system is not effective enough in meeting the goals and objectives which address the needs of the people. Additionally, the research revealed that the institutional interface which exists amongst the three tiers of the government have been failing to a larger extent to ensure integration among sector plans and across the government entities. This has stifled development and has become time consuming for different role players in development. Therefore the research recommends innovative measures in the plan making and implementation of the IDP if service delivery is to be effective and efficient. Moreover, the study suggests an overhaul of skills in municipalities so as to engage personnel with specialised skills iv for the special entities in development. Furthermore, the study proposes effective use of scorecards to assess progress in achieving set target as per level of government. Key words: Integrated Development Plan, performance measurement, public participation, spatial planning and sectoral plans. v OPSOMMING Die gefragmenteerde aard van Suid Afrikaanse stede kan terug gespoor word na die Apartheid tydperk 21 jaar gelede. Na die demokratiese verkiesing van 1994 het die sentrale regering wat aan bewind gekom het, wetgewing, riglyne en regulasies in plek gestel om die wanorde in stedelike sisteme reg te stel. Die beleid,wetgewing en riglyne het gefokus op transformasie deur integrasie en deelnemende beplanning wat moes lei tot kwaliteit dienslewering. Teen hierdie agtergrond is die Ge-ïntegreede Ontwikkelingsplanne (GOP‟e of IDPs) geformuleer. Die GOP‟e is „n omvattende strategiese beplanningsinstrument wat gebruik word om dienslewering meer effektief te rig en te verseker. Alhoewel hierdie instrument ontwikkel is vir plaaslike munisipaliteite, word die beplanningsproses uitgekontrakteer aan konsultant firmas as gevolg van ontbrekende kapasiteit. Hierdie implementering het uitdagings tot gevolg in die vorm van generiese dokumente wat „n gebrek aan innovasie vertoon. Dus word die oorspronklikheid van die beplanningsproses bevraagteken asook die ontbrekende komponente wat bydra tot totale verswakte dienslewering as gevolg van die gebrekkige beplanningsproses. Die studie het getoon dat baie klem geplaas word op diensleweringskwaliteit wat binne die plaaslike bestuursdomein val en dit het gelei tot „n toename in openbare protes in bepaalde gemeenskappe. Daarom word die rol van gemeenskapsdeelname bevraaoteken wat lei to vertoë en optogte deur die gemeenskap en gerig teen munisipaliteite. Hierdie praktyk en/of verskynsel lei tot die vraag of publieke deelname stedelike omgewings verbeter of verswak? Hierdie spesifieke navorsing fokus op Tlokwe Plaaslike Munisipaliteit as studiegebied ter bereiking van doelwitte vir integrasie wat ruimtelike transformasie bevorder deur die toepassing van die telkaart metode en tegniek. Me die navorsing is „n telkaarttegniek ontwikkel wat rangorde en eenhede aanwend om kwaliteit van diensvoorsienning en bereiking van GOP doelwitte te assesseer en te meet. Op grond van die telkaart word die afleiding gemaak dat Tlokwe Plaaslike Munisipaliteit beter vaar in vergelying met mededingende Munisipaliteite soos Matlosana, alhoewel daar „n afname was in die aflewering van ander IDP doelwitte. Verder is daar vasgestel deur onderhoude en vraelyste dat die sisteem nie effektief genoeg funksioneer om die geformuleerde doelwitte te bereik nie desnieteenstaande dat talle strukture reeds in plek geplaas is. Verder het die navorsing bevind dat institusionele intervensie, wat bestaan in drie afdelings van munisipaliteite nie daarin slaag om integrasie in beplanning en binne die munisipaliteit as ʼn entiteit te verseker, nie. As gevolg hiervan het ontwikkeling begin afneem en het dit ook baie tydrowend begin raak vir die verskillende rolspelers wat in die proses van ontwikkeling betrokke is. Op grond van die navorsing word voorgestel dat innoverende maatstawwe in beplanning gebruik word en die implementering van die GOP sodanig te rig dat dit dienslewering sal vi bevorder ten einde meer effektief en doelgerig te wees. Verder stel die studie voor dat „n opknapping van vaardighede in munisipaliteite wat prosesse en beplanningsinstrumente betref ingestel word om personeel met gespesialiseerde vaardighede toe te rus ten einde