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Vredefort Dome World Heritage Scanned Nomination File Name: 1162.pdf UNESCO Region: AFRICA __________________________________________________________________________________________________ SITE NAME: Vredefort Dome DATE OF INSCRIPTION: 15th July 2005 STATE PARTY: SOUTH AFRICA CRITERIA: N (i) DECISION OF THE WORLD HERITAGE COMMITTEE: Excerpt from the Decisions of the 29th Session of the World Heritage Committee Criterion (i): Vredefort Dome is the oldest, largest, and most deeply eroded complex meteorite impact structure in the world. It is the site of the world’s greatest single, known energy release event. It contains high quality and accessible geological (outcrop) sites which demonstrate a range of geological evidences of a complex meteorite impact structure. The rural and natural landscapes of the serial property help portray the magnitude of the ring structures resulting from the impact. The serial nomination is considered to be a representative sample of a complex meteorite impact structure. A comprehensive comparative analysis with other complex meteorite impact structures demonstrated that it is the only example on earth providing a full geological profile of an astrobleme below the crater floor, thereby enabling research into the genesis and development of an astrobleme immediately post impact. BRIEF DESCRIPTIONS Vredefort Dome, approximately 120km south west of Johannesburg, is a representative part of a larger meteorite impact structure, or astrobleme. Dating back 2,023 million years, it is the oldest astrobleme found on earth so far. With a radius of 190km, it is also the largest and the most deeply eroded. Vredefort Dome bears witness to the world’s greatest known single energy release event, which caused devastating global change, including, according to some scientists, major evolutionary changes. It provides critical evidence of the earth’s geological history and is crucial to our understanding of the evolution of the planet. Despite their importance to the planet’s history, geological activity on the earth’s surface has led to the disappearance of evidence from most impact sites and Vredefort is the only example on earth to provide a full geological profile of an astrobleme below the crater floor. 1.b State, Province or Region: Northwest and Free State provinces 1.d Exact location: S26 52 00.0 E27 16 00.0 PROPOSAL: VREDEFORT DOME WORLD HERITAGE SITE FREE STATE PROVINCE REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA DEPARTMENT OF TOURISM, ENVIRONMENT AND ECONOMIC AFFAIRS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The Vredefort Dome, in the Republic of South Africa, represents a unique geological phenomenon of international significance and is considered to qualify for listing, as set out in the “Operational Guidelines for Implementation of the World Heritage Convention” as a World Heritage Site. In addition to that, the area displays exceptional scenic beauty and is rich in biodiversity with remarkable animal and plant populations. Various cultural features also add to the conservation value of the area. As a result, the Vredefort Dome has an exceptional tourism potential, especially since it is situated approximately 100 km from the Johannesburg Metropolis and the Johannesburg International Airport. In order to facilitate the listing of this phenomenon, it is proposed that a representative part of the structure, be demarcated for listing as a World Heritage Site. Impact cratering is regarded as a fundamental geological process, affecting especially the inner planets of the solar system and their moons. These scars were caused by the impacts of meteorites, comets and asteroids from outer space. Not many impact craters are found on the surface of the earth (approximately 160). The Vredefort Dome represents the world’s largest and the world’s oldest impact crater (approximately 2 000-million years old). It also is the best recognisable and the easiest accessible structure of this kind. It still displays most of the features typical of impact structures. The Vredefort Astrobleme has now been universally recognised and described by numerous scientists of world stature over the last 60 years. The Vredefort Structure qualifies for inscription in terms of the ‘Operational Guidelines for the Implementation of the World Heritage Convention’ (paragraph 43) as a ‘natural feature consisting of physical … formations …, which are of outstanding universal value from the … scientific point of view’. Because of this unique geological phenomenon, an area has been created which is, ecologically speaking, unique and has unsurpassed beauty. The Dome is also unique in South Africa regarding its bird-, insect-, plant- and animal life, made possible by the diversity of very sensitive ecosystems and microhabitats in the area. The area is also rich in anthropological and archaeological heritage. Although the area presently has no legal status yet, various instruments are available to ensure the integrity of the site. These include the Environmental Conservation Act, 1989 (Act No. 73 of 1989), the National Environmental Management Act, 1998 (Act No. 107 of 1998), the Minerals Act, 1991 (Act No. 50 of 1991), the Physical Planning Act, 1967 (Act No. 88 of 1967), the Subdivision of Agricultural Land Act, 1970 (Act No 70 of 1970), the Free State Township Ordinance, 1969 (Ord. No. 9 of 1969) and the Free State Nature Conservation Ordinance, 1969 (Ord. No. 8 of 1969). As soon as listing of the site as World Heritage Site is done, the World Heritage Convention Act, 1999 (Act No. 49 of 1999) also comes into effect. The same area as proposed for listing as a World Heritage Site, was also proposed for listing as a National Heritage Site by the Department of Arts, Culture, Science and Technology in terms of the National Heritage Resources Act, 1999 (Act No. 25 of 1999). During December 2002 the South African National Heritage Resources Agency in principle decided to declare the demarcated area a National Heritage site in terms of Act 25 of 1999. The Act prescribes certain steps to be taken before an area can be declared a National Heritage site.These steps are in the process of being adhered to. The mentioned Act provides for protection pending the finalisation of the declaration of the area as a National Heritage site. A prelimanary strategic management and development plan for the area has been developed. This plan will be refined to ensure compliance with the World Heritage Convention Act of 1 South Africa and the World Heritage Convention. The initial financing of the initiative was, and is at present, by the Free State Province (Department of Tourism, Environment and Economic Affairs), whereas the Northwest Province made available funding for the development of a management plan. Other potential sources of financing have also been identified. To ensure the long-term protection of this phenomenon and to optimise the tourism potential and viability of the area, it is suggested that a protected area (nature reserve) in multiple private ownership be developed, which will include the core area of the proposed World Heritage Site. The area will be managed in terms of the World Heritage Convention Act in close co-operation with the Dome Bergland Conservancy which represents private landowners. INDEX 1 IDENTIFICATION OF THE PROPERTY a Country 4 b State, province or region 4 c Name of property 4 d Exact location on map and indication of geographical coordinates 4 e Maps showing boundary of area proposed for inscription 4 f Surface area of site proposed for inscription (ha) 5 2 JUSTIFICATION FOR INSCRIPTION a Statement of significance 6 b Possible comparative analysis 7 c Authenticity / Integrity 8 d Criteria under which inscription is proposed 8 3 DESCRIPTION a Description of property 11 b History and development 12 c Form and date of most recent records of site 13 d Present state of conservation 14 e Policies and programmes related to the presentation and promotion of the property 14 4 MANAGEMENT a Ownership 14 b Legal status 16 c Protective measures and means of implementing them 18 d Agency with management authority 21 e Level at which management is exercised and name and address of responsible person for contact purposes 22 f Agreed plans related to property 23 g Sources and levels of finance 24 h Sources of expertise and training in conservation and management techniques 25 i Visitors facilities and statistics 26 j Site management plan and statement of objectives 27 k Staffing levels 30 5 FACTORS AFFECTING THE SITE a Development pressures 30 b Environmental pressures 31 c Natural disasters and preparedness 31 2 d Visitor/ tourism pressures 31 e Number of inhabitants within site 31 f Other 32 6 MONITORING a Key indicators for measuring state of conservation 32 b Administrative arrangements for monitoring property 32 c Results of previous reporting process 32 7 DOCUMENTATION a Photographs and film/video 32 b Copies of site management plans and other plans relevant to the site 33 c Bibliography 34 d Address where inventory, records and archives are held 37 PROPOSAL FOR LISTING THE VREDEFORT DOME AS A WORLD HERITAGE SITE 1. IDENTIFICATION OF THE PROPERTY a Country: Republic of South Africa b State/province: The proposed site extends across the boundary between the Northwest Province and the Free State Province. c Name of property: Vredefort Dome d Exact location on map with geographical coordinates: The proposed site is located in South Africa on the 1:50 000 South African Topocadastral Map Series on the maps: 2627CC Skandinawiedrif, and 2627CD Parys. It is situated between 26° 56' and 26° 52' Southern Latitude, and between 27° 11' and 27° 26' Eastern Longitude. "Thabela Thabeng", a river resort near the centre of the property, is situated at coordinates 26° 52’ S and 27° 16’ E. e Maps/plans showing boundaries of proposed area: See Appendix 1 for a map showing the boundaries of the area proposed for inscription. f Surface area of site proposed for inscription: The surface area of the land proposed for inscription is approximately 30 108 ha and is of high aesthetic value.
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