Fabrica Oris Dipterorum : Dipterernes Mund L Anatomisk Og Systematisk
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Nitrogen Content in Riparian Arthropods Is Most Dependent on Allometry and Order
Wiesenborn: Nitrogen Contents in Riparian Arthropods 71 NITROGEN CONTENT IN RIPARIAN ARTHROPODS IS MOST DEPENDENT ON ALLOMETRY AND ORDER WILLIAM D. WIESENBORN U.S. Bureau of Reclamation, Lower Colorado Regional Office, P.O. Box 61470, Boulder City, NV 89006 ABSTRACT I investigated the contributions of body mass, order, family, and trophic level to nitrogen (N) content in riparian spiders and insects collected near the Colorado River in western Arizona. Most variation (97.2%) in N mass among arthropods was associated with the allometric effects of body mass. Nitrogen mass increased exponentially as body dry-mass increased. Significant variation (20.7%) in N mass adjusted for body mass was explained by arthropod order. Ad- justed N mass was highest in Orthoptera, Hymenoptera, Araneae, and Odonata and lowest in Coleoptera. Classifying arthropods by family compared with order did not explain signifi- cantly more variation (22.1%) in N content. Herbivore, predator, and detritivore trophic-levels across orders explained little variation (4.3%) in N mass adjusted for body mass. Within or- ders, N content differed only among trophic levels of Diptera. Adjusted N mass was highest in predaceous flies, intermediate in detritivorous flies, and lowest in phytophagous flies. Nitro- gen content in riparian spiders and insects is most dependent on allometry and order and least dependent on trophic level. I suggest the effects of allometry and order are due to exoskeleton thickness and composition. Foraging by vertebrate predators, such as insectivorous birds, may be affected by variation in N content among riparian arthropods. Key Words: nutrients, spiders, insects, trophic level, exoskeleton, cuticle RESUMEN Se investiguo las contribuciones de la masa de cuerpo, orden, familia y el nivel trófico al con- tenido de nitógeno (N) en arañas e insectos riparianos (que viven en la orilla del rio u otro cuerpo de agua) recolectadaos cerca del Rio Colorado en el oeste del estado de Arizona. -
Changes in the Insect Fauna of a Deteriorating Riverine Sand Dune
., CHANGES IN THE INSECT FAUNA OF A DETERIORATING RIVERINE SAND DUNE COMMUNITY DURING 50 YEARS OF HUMAN EXPLOITATION J. A. Powell Department of Entomological Sciences University of California, Berkeley May , 1983 TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION 1 HISTORY OF EXPLOITATION 4 HISTORY OF ENTOMOLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS 7 INSECT FAUNA 10 Methods 10 ErRs s~lected for compar"ltive "lnBlysis 13 Bio1o~ica1 isl!lnd si~e 14 Inventory of sp~cies 14 Endemism 18 Extinctions 19 Species restricted to one of the two refu~e parcels 25 Possible recently colonized species 27 INSECT ASSOCIATES OF ERYSIMUM AND OENOTHERA 29 Poll i n!ltor<'l 29 Predqt,.n·s 32 SUMMARY 35 RECOm1ENDATIONS FOR RECOVERY ~4NAGEMENT 37 ACKNOWT.. EDGMENTS 42 LITERATURE CITED 44 APPENDICES 1. T'lbles 1-8 49 2. St::ttns of 15 Antioch Insects Listed in Notice of 75 Review by the U.S. Fish "l.nd Wildlife Service INTRODUCTION The sand dune formation east of Antioch, Contra Costa County, California, comprised the largest riverine dune system in California. Biogeographically, this formation was unique because it supported a northern extension of plants and animals of desert, rather than coastal, affinities. Geologists believe that the dunes were relicts of the most recent glaciation of the Sierra Nevada, probably originating 10,000 to 25,000 years ago, with the sand derived from the supratidal floodplain of the combined Sacramento and San Joaquin Rivers. The ice age climate in the area is thought to have been cold but arid. Presumably summertime winds sweeping through the Carquinez Strait across the glacial-age floodplains would have picked up the fine-grained sand and redeposited it to the east and southeast, thus creating the dune fields of eastern Contra Costa County. -
Pick Your Poison: Molecular Evolution of Venom Proteins in Asilidae (Insecta: Diptera)
toxins Article Pick Your Poison: Molecular Evolution of Venom Proteins in Asilidae (Insecta: Diptera) Chris M. Cohen * , T. Jeffrey Cole and Michael S. Brewer * Howell Science Complex, East Carolina University, 1000 E 5th St., Greenville, NC 27858, USA; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] (C.M.C.); [email protected] (M.S.B.) Received: 5 November 2020; Accepted: 20 November 2020; Published: 24 November 2020 Abstract: Robber flies are an understudied family of venomous, predatory Diptera. With the recent characterization of venom from three asilid species, it is possible, for the first time, to study the molecular evolution of venom genes in this unique lineage. To accomplish this, a novel whole-body transcriptome of Eudioctria media was combined with 10 other publicly available asiloid thoracic or salivary gland transcriptomes to identify putative venom gene families and assess evidence of pervasive positive selection. A total of 348 gene families of sufficient size were analyzed, and 33 of these were predicted to contain venom genes. We recovered 151 families containing homologs to previously described venom proteins, and 40 of these were uniquely gained in Asilidae. Our gene family clustering suggests that many asilidin venom gene families are not natural groupings, as delimited by previous authors, but instead form multiple discrete gene families. Additionally, robber fly venoms have relatively few sites under positive selection, consistent with the hypothesis that the venoms of older lineages are dominated by negative selection acting to maintain toxic function. Keywords: Asilidae; transcriptome; positive selection Key Contribution: Asilidae venoms have relatively few sites under positive selection, consistent with the hypothesis that the venoms of older lineages are dominated by negative selection acting to maintain toxic function. -
Rare Invertebrates of the South Okanagan
Rare Invertebrates of the South Okanagan The endangered invertebrates of the south Okanagan are at risk because their ecosystems are at risk. Province of British Columbia Ministry of Environment, Lands and Parks The diversity of that visit our picnics. Velvet ants are invertebrate communities common, too. These are actually wasps in the south Okanagan with wingless females that look like big, e also don’t know how many in- red, furry ants as they scurry around The diversity of vertebrates can be found in the looking for bee nests to lay their eggs in. invertebrates dry, warm lowlands of the south Spider-hunting wasps are also common here are many, many different kinds WOkanagan and Similkameen val- and diverse – the most striking of these of terrestrial and freshwater inverte- leys, but we can estimate that perhaps is an unnervingly large, black species brates in British Columbia. If we 15␣ 000 species live there. Although with fire-coloured wings, which hunts Twent through all the reports and many of these are common and wide- the big ‘trapdoor’ spiders of the lists that have been published over the spread, some are confined to the dry grasslands. years, and peered through the museum grasslands of the southern Interior – drawers filled with specimens, we would and there are literally hundreds that are Alkaline lakes be able to list 20␣ 000 to 25␣ 000 species. found nowhere else in the province. In some of the sagebrush basins lie lakes But when all the surveys are complete These are inhabitants of the Great Basin ringed white with drying carbonate and and all the specimens described and grasslands and wetlands, which extend sulphate salts. -
Ultrastructural Studies of the Abdominal Plaques of Some Diptera
University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Entomology Papers from Other Sources Entomology Collections, Miscellaneous 1988 Ultrastructural Studies of the Abdominal Plaques of Some Diptera John G. Stoffolano, Jr., Department of Entomology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst Norman E. Woodley Systematic Entomology Laboratory, USDA-ARS, [email protected] Art Borkent Biosystematics Research Centre, Agriculture Canada, Central Experiment Farm Lucy R. S. Yin Electron Microscope Laboratory, Massachusetts Agricultural Experiment Station, University of Massachusetts, Amherst Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/entomologyother Part of the Entomology Commons Stoffolano, Jr.,, John G.; Woodley, Norman E.; Borkent, Art; and Yin, Lucy R. S., "Ultrastructural Studies of the Abdominal Plaques of Some Diptera" (1988). Entomology Papers from Other Sources. 92. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/entomologyother/92 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Entomology Collections, Miscellaneous at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Entomology Papers from Other Sources by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. Ultrastructural Studies of the Abdominal Plaques of Some Diptera JOHN G. STOFFOLANO, JR.,I NORMAN E. WOODLEY,2 ART BORKENT,3 AND LUCY R. S. YIN4 Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 81(3): 503-510 (1988) ABSTRACT Light microscopy revealed cuticular plaques restricted to the abdomens -
9Th International Congress of Dipterology
9th International Congress of Dipterology Abstracts Volume 25–30 November 2018 Windhoek Namibia Organising Committee: Ashley H. Kirk-Spriggs (Chair) Burgert Muller Mary Kirk-Spriggs Gillian Maggs-Kölling Kenneth Uiseb Seth Eiseb Michael Osae Sunday Ekesi Candice-Lee Lyons Edited by: Ashley H. Kirk-Spriggs Burgert Muller 9th International Congress of Dipterology 25–30 November 2018 Windhoek, Namibia Abstract Volume Edited by: Ashley H. Kirk-Spriggs & Burgert S. Muller Namibian Ministry of Environment and Tourism Organising Committee Ashley H. Kirk-Spriggs (Chair) Burgert Muller Mary Kirk-Spriggs Gillian Maggs-Kölling Kenneth Uiseb Seth Eiseb Michael Osae Sunday Ekesi Candice-Lee Lyons Published by the International Congresses of Dipterology, © 2018. Printed by John Meinert Printers, Windhoek, Namibia. ISBN: 978-1-86847-181-2 Suggested citation: Adams, Z.J. & Pont, A.C. 2018. In celebration of Roger Ward Crosskey (1930–2017) – a life well spent. In: Kirk-Spriggs, A.H. & Muller, B.S., eds, Abstracts volume. 9th International Congress of Dipterology, 25–30 November 2018, Windhoek, Namibia. International Congresses of Dipterology, Windhoek, p. 2. [Abstract]. Front cover image: Tray of micro-pinned flies from the Democratic Republic of Congo (photograph © K. Panne coucke). Cover design: Craig Barlow (previously National Museum, Bloemfontein). Disclaimer: Following recommendations of the various nomenclatorial codes, this volume is not issued for the purposes of the public and scientific record, or for the purposes of taxonomic nomenclature, and as such, is not published in the meaning of the various codes. Thus, any nomenclatural act contained herein (e.g., new combinations, new names, etc.), does not enter biological nomenclature or pre-empt publication in another work. -
Figures in Italics Indicate the Prime Taxonomic Reference. Figures in Bold Type Indicate the Page on Which There Is a Figure. AB
INDEX Figures in italics indicate the prime taxonomic reference. Figures in bold type indicate the page on which there is a figure. ABALOOS, 732, 748 Acerentomon, food, 455, 4.59; A. Acrocera, 1006; A. globulus, ABEL, 49I, 493 doderoi, 455 1006 abdomen, Coleoptera, adephagid Acerentulus, 4.59; head, mouth Acroceridae, 10o6; larvae par type, haplogastrous, hologa parts, 456; internal anatomy, asitic, 970; mesopleural sulcus strous, symphiogastrous, 825, 457 straight, 979 826, Diptera, 864; Achanthiptera rohrellijormis Acromantis, 6oi Hymenoptera, number of ex ( = inanis) in nests of Vespula, Acronycta, larval ecdyses, I094 posed segments, I I 87 I249 Acrotelsa, 44I ABDULLAH,884,89I,904 Acherontia atropos, I I39; sound acrotrophic ovarioles, in ABERNATHY,722,756 production, I I40; larva, alimen Coleoptera, 832 Abies excelsa, Physokermes piceae, tary canal, 1095; mandibular Acrydiidae, see Tetrigidae a pest on, 726 gland, 267 Actaletes, 470; tracheae present, ABRAHAMSON,903,904 Acheta domesticus, 546, .5 48; 467 Abraxas grossulariata auditory organ, I33 Actaletidae, 470 (Geometridae) wing-variation, Achilidae, 705 Actinoscytidae, 762 1133 Achilixiidae, 70.5 ACTON,684,688,748,767 Acalyptratae, I 020; larvae oc achrestogonimes, in Isoptera, 620 Actora, see Helcomyza casionally parasitic, 970; ner ACHTELIG,426,427,794,8I2 Actornithophilus, 665 vous system, 970; preapical Achroia, I 12 I Aculagnathidae, 884 tibial bristle, 967 acid gland, 1189 Aculeata, see Hymenoptera Acanaloniidae, 707 Acidia, see Philophylla Aculeata acanthae, in Mecoptera, 936; in ACKER, 794, 812 aculei, in Lepidoptera, I077 Siphonaptera, 946 Aclerda, 729 Acyrtosiphon, 7I7; A. pisum, Acanthaspis, puncture by, pain Aclerdidae, 7 29 photoperiod, temperature and ful, 732 Acleris (Tortricidae) venation, wing-development, 722 Acanthiidae, see Cimicidae or 1708 ACZEL, IOI6, I02J, IOJ7, I046 Saldidae Acletoxenus, I022 ADAIR, 599, 601 Acanthoceridae, 86o Aclypea, 854 Adalia, colour variation, 882; Acanthococcus devoniensis, 728 Acraea, I 126 development oflarva, 883; A. -
Genomic and Transcriptomic Resources for Assassin Flies Including The
Genomic and transcriptomic resources for assassin flies including the complete genome sequence of Proctacanthus coquilletti (Insecta: Diptera: Asilidae) and 16 representative transcriptomes Rebecca B. Dikow1, Paul B. Frandsen1, Mauren Turcatel2 and Torsten Dikow2 1 Office of Research Information Services, Office of the Chief Information Officer, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C., United States of America 2 Department of Entomology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C., United States of America ABSTRACT A high-quality draft genome for Proctacanthus coquilletti (Insecta: Diptera: Asilidae) is presented along with transcriptomes for 16 Diptera species from five families: Asilidae, Apioceridae, Bombyliidae, Mydidae, and Tabanidae. Genome sequencing reveals that P. coquilletti has a genome size of approximately 210 Mbp and remarkably low heterozygosity (0.47%) and few repeats (15%). These characteristics helped produce a highly contiguous (N50 D 862 kbp) assembly, particularly given that only a single 2 × 250 bp PCR-free Illumina library was sequenced. A phylogenomic hypothesis is presented based on thousands of putative orthologs across the 16 transcriptomes. Phylogenetic relationships support the sister group relationship of Apioceridae C Mydidae to Asilidae. A time-calibrated phylogeny is also presented, with seven fossil calibration points, which suggests an older age of the split among Apioceridae, Asilidae, and Mydidae (158 mya) and Apioceridae and Mydidae (135 mya) than proposed in the AToL FlyTree project. Future studies will be able to take advantage of the resources presented here in order to produce large scale phylogenomic and evolutionary studies of Submitted 25 October 2016 assassin fly phylogeny, life histories, or venom. The bioinformatics tools and workflow Accepted 31 December 2016 Published 31 January 2017 presented here will be useful to others wishing to generate de novo genomic resources in species-rich taxa without a closely-related reference genome. -
Diptera Families MS FINAL
The Diptera Families of British Columbia The Diptera Families of British Columbia G.G.E. Scudder and R.A. Cannings March 31, 2006 G.G.E. Scudder and R.A. Cannings Printed 04/25/06 Coleoptera Families of British Columbia Table of Contents Introduction......................................................................................................................................1 Order Diptera Description................................................................................................................3 Keys to Order Diptera and Families.................................................................................................6 Family Descriptions .......................................................................................................................26 Suborder NEMATOCERA............................................................................................................26 Infraorder TIPULOMORPHA .......................................................................................................26 Family TANYDERIDAE (Primitive Crane Flies) [Fig. 1]............................................................26 Family TIPULIDAE (Crane Flies) [Fig. 2]....................................................................................26 Infraorder BLEPHARICEROMORPHA .......................................................................................27 Family BLEPHARICERIDAE (Net-winged Midges) [Fig. 3]......................................................27 Family DEUTEROPHLEBIIDAE (Mountain -
Physiology and Systematics
PHYSIOLOGY AND SYSTEMATICS New genes are not produced but it is the way they are organized and the different developmental pathways they become involved in that produces the effect we see in an individual group. “Interest in the links between development and evolution have been heightened recently by the discovery that developmentally interesting genes identified in one organism often have homologs (based on sequence similarity) in a range of distantly related creatures.” pg. 581 Patel SYSTEMATICS AS PHYSIOLOGY John Kennedy (famous insect behaviorist), in a chapter (see below) devoted to Sir V. B. Wigglesworth on his retirement) noted that behavior is the expression of an organism’s physiology J.S. Kennedy. 1967. Behaviour as physiology, pp. 249-266. In: Insects and Physiology. Eds. J.W.L. Beament and J.E. Treherne. Oliver & Boyd, London. The same should hold true for systematics. Morphological traits, biochemical traits, etc., are the results of the organism’s physiology as orchestrated by the genetic system of the organism. Thus, Systematics as physiology is an appropriate topic for a course in Insect Structure and Function. Think of it! Don’t most systematists use structure as a key to unlock the identity of a new species and to place it in its phylogenetic position. INTEGUMENTRY SYSTEM 1. Identification using cuticular hydrocarbons or lipids Neal, J.W., et al. 1994. Cuticular lipids of greenhouse whitefly and sweetpotato whitefly Type A and B (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) pupal exuviae on the same host. Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer. 87:609-618. F. Raboudi, M. Mezghani, H. Makni, M. Marrakchi, J. D. Rouault, M. -
Phylogeny of Apioceridae and Mydidae Based on Morphological Characters of Imagines
1 Phylogeny of Apioceridae and Mydidae based on morphological characters of imagines Apioceridae: Apiocera sp. © J. Hort Mydidae: Miltinus minutus © J. Hort Torsten Dikow Smithsonian @TDikow #asiloidflies National Museum of Natural History Apioceridae – “flower-loving flies” 2 ◊ imagines flower-feeders ◊ size = 15 – 30 mm ◊ 138 species in 1 genus (4 subgenera) ◊ occur only in › Argentina and Chile –> 4 species › Australia –> 73 species Apiocera (Apiocera) pica © J. Hort › South Africa –> 3 species › western North America (Canada, Mexico, USA) –> 64 species Apiocera (Apiocera) sp. © J. Hort Mydidae – “mydas flies” 3 ◊ imagines flower-feeders › some adults do not feed at all ◊ size = 9 – 60 mm (individual wing length up to 52 mm) ◊ 473 species in 66 genera ◊ world-wide primarily in arid regions › southern Africa most speciose Opomydas townsendi ◊ rarely collected ◊ mimetic coloration, morphology, and behavior present in several clades › aculeate Hymenoptera ◊ Cretaceous fossil Eremomidas arabicus © D. Gardner taxon sampling 4 ◊ 30 Apiocera species (= 21 %) › 14 Australian species › 12 North American species › 2 Chilean species › 2 South African species ◊ 138 Mydidae species (= 29.1 %) Apioceridae › 46 genera (= 69.7 %) › 7 tribal taxa (= 87.5 %) › 11 subfamily taxa (= 100.0 %) ◊ Outgroup taxa › 19 Asilidae species › 10 Asiloidea species › 3 Nemestrinoidea › 1 Tabanomorpha Mydidae collecting localities of specimens included characters 5 ◊ 214 discrete, parsimony informative characters ◊ 36 non-genitalic features sexually dimorphic tagma # characters remarks Head 44 10 sexually dimorphic Thorax 101 22 sexually dimorphic 45 chaetotaxy, sclerites etc. 22 wing 34 leg Abdomen 67 4 sexually dimorphic 11 chaetotaxy, sclerites etc. 30 ? terminalia 26 / terminalia characters – sexual dimorphism 6 Syllegomydas vittatus ? 36 characters / › 30 char. -
Compiled Report-Great Victoria Desert-Appendix A
Great Victoria Desert, SA, 2017 Appendix A: Fauna species lists Family Species Common name Mammals Camelidae Camelus dromedarius ^ One-humped Camel Canidae Canis familiaris Dingo Canidae Vulpes vulpes ^ Red Fox Dasyuridae Ningaui ridei Wongai Ningaui Dasyuridae Sminthopsis crassicaudata Fat-tailed Dunnart Dasyuridae Sminthopsis hirtipes Hairy-footed Dunnart Dasyuridae Sminthopsis ooldea Ooldea Dunnart Felidae Felis catus ^ Cat Leporidae Oryctolagus cuniculus ^ Rabbit Macropodidae Macropus fuliginosus Western Grey Kangaroo Macropodidae Osphranter rufus Red Kangaroo Molossidae Austronomus australis White-striped Freetail-bat Muridae Mus musculus ^ House Mouse Muridae Notomys alexis Spinifex Hopping-mouse Muridae Notomys mitchellii Mitchell’s Hopping-mouse Muridae Pseudomys bolami Bolam’s Mouse Muridae Pseudomys desertor Desert Mouse Muridae Pseudomys hermannsburgensis Sandy Inland Mouse Notoryctidae Notoryctes typhlops ? Central Marsupial Mole Tachyglossidae Tachyglossus aculeatus Short-beaked Echidna Vespertilionidae Chalinolobus gouldii Gould’s Wattled Bat Vespertilionidae Nyctophilus geoffroyi Lesser Long-eared Bat Vespertilionidae Nyctophilus major Central Long-eared Bat Vespertilionidae Vespadelus baverstocki Inland Forest Bat Birds Acanthizidae Acanthiza apicalis Inland Thornbill Acanthizidae Acanthiza robustirostris Slaty-backed Thornbill Acanthizidae Acanthiza uropygialis Chestnut-rumped Thornbill Acanthizidae Aphelocephala leucopsis Southern Whiteface Acanthizidae Smicrornis brevirostris Weebill Accipitridae Accipiter cirrocephalus