INDEX Figures in italics indicate the prime taxonomic reference. Figures in bold type indicate the page on which there is a figure.

ABALOOS, 732, 748 Acerentomon, food, 455, 4.59; A. Acrocera, 1006; A. globulus, ABEL, 49I, 493 doderoi, 455 1006 abdomen, Coleoptera, adephagid Acerentulus, 4.59; head, mouth• Acroceridae, 10o6; larvae par• type, haplogastrous, hologa• parts, 456; internal anatomy, asitic, 970; mesopleural sulcus strous, symphiogastrous, 825, 457 straight, 979 826, Diptera, 864; Achanthiptera rohrellijormis Acromantis, 6oi Hymenoptera, number of ex• ( = inanis) in nests of Vespula, Acronycta, larval ecdyses, I094 posed segments, I I 87 I249 Acrotelsa, 44I ABDULLAH,884,89I,904 Acherontia atropos, I I39; sound• acrotrophic ovarioles, in ABERNATHY,722,756 production, I I40; larva, alimen• Coleoptera, 832 Abies excelsa, Physokermes piceae, tary canal, 1095; mandibular Acrydiidae, see Tetrigidae a pest on, 726 gland, 267 Actaletes, 470; tracheae present, ABRAHAMSON,903,904 Acheta domesticus, 546, .5 48; 467 Abraxas grossulariata auditory organ, I33 Actaletidae, 470 (Geometridae) wing-variation, Achilidae, 705 Actinoscytidae, 762 1133 Achilixiidae, 70.5 ACTON,684,688,748,767 Acalyptratae, I 020; larvae oc• achrestogonimes, in Isoptera, 620 Actora, see Helcomyza casionally parasitic, 970; ner• ACHTELIG,426,427,794,8I2 Actornithophilus, 665 vous system, 970; preapical Achroia, I 12 I Aculagnathidae, 884 tibial bristle, 967 acid gland, 1189 Aculeata, see Hymenoptera Acanaloniidae, 707 Acidia, see Philophylla Aculeata acanthae, in Mecoptera, 936; in ACKER, 794, 812 aculei, in Lepidoptera, I077 Siphonaptera, 946 Aclerda, 729 Acyrtosiphon, 7I7; A. pisum, Acanthaspis, puncture by, pain• Aclerdidae, 7 29 photoperiod, temperature and ful, 732 Acleris (Tortricidae) venation, wing-development, 722 Acanthiidae, see Cimicidae or 1708 ACZEL, IOI6, I02J, IOJ7, I046 Saldidae Acletoxenus, I022 ADAIR, 599, 601 Acanthoceridae, 86o Aclypea, 854 Adalia, colour variation, 882; Acanthococcus devoniensis, 728 Acraea, I 126 development oflarva, 883; A. Acanthopsyche opacella(atra), I I IO Acraeinae, I I 26 bipunctata, number of aphids Acanthoscelides obtectus, oviposi- Acrididae, 550; Comstock• eaten by larva, 883 tion, 894 Kellogg glands, 542; oviposi• ADAM, 593, 60I Acanthosoma, 7 4I tion, 550; Neorhynchocephalus, ADAMS, J., 434,442 Acanthosomatidae, 7 4I parasitic on, Ioo6; thorax, ADAMS, P. A., 426, 427, 794, 798, Acanthoxyla, 568. 538 812 Acarina, Chrysopa, preying on, Acridinae, grass-feeders, 55 I; ADAMSKA, 1261, I279 8o7; Coniopterygids, preying stridulation in flight, 550 ADAMSON, 620, 635 on, 799; termitophilous, 630 Acridioidea, .5 49; accessory Adela, I I07; crop, 1084; larval Acartophthalmus, I043 glands, 542; auditory organs, crochets, I 09 I; ovarioles, I o• accessory gland of spinneret, 54 I; frons with wind-receptors, I2 a side, 1086 Lepidopterous larva, I096 538; gastric caeca, 54I; gizzard Adelgidae, 723 Acentropus, anatomy, I088; small, 54I; Malpighian tub• Adelges, 723-4. Laricobius, aquatic, I I22 ules, 54 I; oviposition in soil predator on, 874; wax-glands acephalous larvae (Diptera), 97I with eggs in pod, 542; segmental, 697; A. cooleyi, life• Acerella, development, 458, 459 ovipositor, 539; salivary glands, cycle, 724; Hemerobius stigma, Acerentomoidea, 459 54 I; testes contiguous in mid• predator on, 8os Acerentomidae, 459 line, 542 Adelognatha, 899 1282 INDEX

Adephaga, 839, 84o-1; cam• agamic generations, in algarum, A. bilineata, biology, podeiform larvae, 835; coxal Cynipoidea, I2I6 856 cavities, 82o; five-segmented AGARWALA,539,55I,554 Aletia argi//acea, larva, the tarsi, 822; larval legs, 836; male Agathiphagidae, 1 IOS Cotton worm, I I45; A. xylina, fore tarsi expanded, 822; male Agdistis, II23; A. staticis, larva proboscis spiny, sucks fruit, reproductive organs, 831; max• feeds on Statice, II23 I075; Trichogramma minutum, illae, 818; ovarioles, 832; Ageniaspis, parasite of parasite of eggs, I2I8 pygidial glands, 829; testes, Phy//onorycterand Yponomenta, Aleurodidae, see Aleyrodidae 831; type of abdomen, 825 I224; polyembryonic, I224; A. ALEXANDER, C. P., 980, 98I, I046 Aderidae, 891 fuscico//is, trophamnion, 306 ALEXANDER, R. D., 54I, 547, 554, Aderus, 891-2 Aglossa, II 22 7I0,748,769 adfrontals, in Lepidoptera, 1089 Ag/ycyderes, 898 Aleyrodidae, 7 IS; affinity to Adimerus, see Monoedus Aglyciderldae, 8q8 Psyllidae, 702; development ADLER, I 195, 1263 Agonopterix (Depressaria) hera- holometabolous, 702; four Adleria ko//ari, see Andricus diana, I II 3 instars, 702; labium 3- kollari AGRELL,466,468,47I segmented, 684; sperm-pump ADLERZ, 1251 Agriidae, 5 I 3 present, 699; spiracles, 69 I; ad mental plates, of Diplura, 444 Agrilus, larva, 867 White flies, harmful to agricul• aedeagus, of Lepidoptera, 1084 Agrioidea, s 12 ture, 679; Acletoxenus, predator Aedes, eggs, 9ll4; larval gills, 984; Agrion, s 1 3; colours, 496; feeble on, I022 transmission of Dirofilaria, flight, 495; male genitalia, soo; Aleyrodoidea, 71 s 987; Aedes aegypti, 98s, 986; nymphal gill, 50()-IO; A. virgo, ALI, 844, 904 anatomy, 970; spermathecae 3, thorax, 499 alienicolae, in aphids, 7 I 9 977; transmission of yellow Agrionidae, see Coenagriidae ALIBERT-BERTHOT, 635 fever, 986 Agriotes, larval maxilla, 869; alimentary canal of Aegeria scoliaeformis, see Conopia larva, 869; A. obscurus, Ephemeroptera an aerostatic Aegeriidae, see Sesiidae metamorphosis, adult, 868; organ,479 Aegialites, see Eurystethus larva, 870 alkaline gland, 1189 Aegocera tripartita, sound Agriotypus, I2IO Alleculidae, 887 production, 1 143 Agrius convolvuli, I 140 ALLEN, E.)., I045, I046 Aenictopechys a//uaudi, 733 Agromyza parvicornis, habits, ALLEN, R. K., 485, 489 Aeolothripidae, 788 I04I; A. pruni, habits, I04I; A. A//obosca, I035 Aeolothripoidea, 788; many ter- pruinosa, habits, I 04 I A//ocapnia, s29; enters water to tiary fossils, 788 Agromyzidae, larvae phyto• lay eggs, 525; A. vivipara, Aeolothrips, 788 phagous,970, 1041; ovoviviparous, 525 Aepophilus bonnairei, 736 stridulatory organ, I04I; A//ocorynus, 898 Aeroplanidae, 568 Dacnusa and Chorebas, par• A//odape, some species social, Aeropyles, in eggs of Hemiptera, asites of, I2I2 1258; Eucondylops, a parasite 700 Agromyzoidea, 1040 of, 1258 Aeshna, s 1 4; terminalia female, Agrotidae, see Noctuidae A//oeorhynchus, 733, haemocoelic soo; testes, 502-3; nymph, Agrotis, patagia, I076; larva, fecundation, 699 circulatory system, 507; dura• important pests, I I44-S A//olobophora, larva Po//enia tion of development, 504; hind AGUESSE, SIO, SIS rudis, parasite of, I03 I gut and its tracheae, so8 Aguila astuta, 798 A//omachilis, 440 Aeshnidae, s1 4; endophytic AHMAD, I., 740, 748 Alophora, eggs laid in host, oviposition, 503; ovipositor, AHMAD, M., 607, 634, 635 I032 502; tribe Brachytronini, air-sacs, in Coleoptera, 830 Alsophila aescularia, egg• nymphal gill, 509 AKRE,439,443 deposition, I089; larval leg on Aeshnoidea, 513; copulatory ALAM, II93, 1263 fifth abdominal segment, I I32; organ, 501 Alaptus, attachment of abdomen, wings degenerate in female, Aetalionidae, 712 I20I; A. magnanimus, smallest II32 AFIFI, 725, 728, 748 of all insects, I225 ALTEN, von, I I93, 1264 Afrodectus, mimics Lycus ALBRECHT, 537,553,554 ALTNER,462,466,47I (Coleoptera), 732 Alder flies, see Sialoidea ALTSON, I2I2, 1223, 1264 Agaonidae, 1 220; apterous male, ALDRICH,999, I030, I046 Alucitidae, see Orneodidae 1 105; phytophagous, I2I7 Aleochara, hypermetamorphosis, Alucitoidea, see Agaristidae, 1143 835; maxillary palpi, 8I8; A. Copromorphoidea INDEX

alula, 962 Amphigerontia, 654; wings, 649 nymph diapause, so4; termin• Alydidae, 740 Amphimallon solstitialis, alia of nymph, 507 Alydus, 740; A. calcaratus nymph abdominal ganglia, 830; Ancistrona, mouthparts, 661 mimics Formica rufa, 68o Hirmoneura parasitic on, 1006 ANDER, 537,S38,539,544,554 A/ysson, habits, I2S3 Amphinemura, 529 ANDERSDN,833,87s,897,898, Alysia manducator, I2I2 Amphiops, divided eyes, 818 904 Alysiidae, 1212 amphipneustic tracheal system in ANOO, sos, SIS Amara, vegetarian, 84I Dipterous larva, 97 5 ANDRE, I200, 1264 Amaryllis bulbs, attacked by Amphipsocidae, 654 Andrena, 1256; copulation of larvae of Merodon and Amphipterygidae, 512 stylopized specimens, 927; Eumerus, IOI9 Amphizoa, 844 mouthparts, I I8o; parasites Amatidae, see Ctenuchidae Amphizoidae, 844 Bombylius, I009; Meloe, 89I; Amauris, I 12s; A. niavius, scent amplexiform, type of wing- Myopa, I043; Nomada, 12S6, organ, I079 coupling, 1081-2 I258; Sphecodes, 1256, Izs8; Amblycera, 6~5'; antennae, 66o; Ampulex, I2S3 Strepsiptera, 922; relations articulation of mandibles, 66o; Ampulicinae, specialized offshoot with and modification by crop little-developed, 66z; of Sphecinae, I2SI; habits, Stylops, 927-9; A. bucephala, often only three ovarioles, 663; 12S3 several females with one nest• Phthiraptera, 664; testicular Ampulicomorpha, I230 entrance, 1256; A. vaga, follicles 3, S53 Anabolia, mandibles, I I63 modification by Stylops, 927 Amblypelta, 739 Anacanthotermes, 634; external Andrenidae, I256 Ambrosia beetles, see anatomy, 6o7 ANDREW, 628, 63S Platypodinae Anacharitinae, parasites of Andricus circularis, see A. kollari; Ameletus, 486 N europtera, I 2 I 7 A. kollari, I2I7 American sugar-cane borer, see ANADON, 54I, 554 androconia, 1078 Diatraea saccharalis Anajapygidae, 450 Anechura, 548; maternal care, S27 Ametropodidae, 486 Anajapyx, 450; claw-like tarsal Anepeorus, nymph predacious, Ametropus, 486 appendage, 443; gut, 447; 48I Amicta, II IO Malpighian tubules, 447; ovar• Anerastiinae, I 122 Amiseginae, 1231 ioles, 448; reproductive organs, Anergates atratulus, social par• Ammobia, see Sphex male and female, 450; resemb• asite of Tetramorium caespitum, Ammophila, 125~s2; six lances to Symphyla, 4so; spir• I244 abdominal ganglia, I I93; A. acles, 447; testes, 448; A. ANESCHANSLEY, 829, 904 aberti, A. azteca, tool-users, vesiculosus, 449 Aneurina caliginosa (Phoridae) 1252; A. (Podalonia) hirsuta anal comb, in Lepidopterous adult, 1015 habits, 1252; A. pubescens larvae, I093 Angoumois Grain moth, see (campestris) parental care, anamorphosis, in Protura, 456 Sitotroga cerealella 1252; A. sabulosa, I252; A. ANANTHAKRISHNAN, 788, 789 Anisembia texana, wing• urnaria habits, 12 52 ANANTHASUBRAMIAN, s83, 590 dimorphism in male, 583; silk• Amorphoscelidae, 601 Anaphes conotracheli, parasite of gland, 585 Amorphoscelis, 6o1 eggs of Curculionidae (not of Anisembiidae, 590 Ampeliptera, 424 Ocypus), I22S Anisolabis, 578; five nymphal Amphibicorisae, 743; accessory Anaphoidea, see Patasson instars, 576; male reproductive glands of male vestigial or Anarta myrtilli, larva, 1093 organs, s76; tegmina and wings absent, 699; adaptations to A nasa, maxillary stylets closely absent, S73 subaquatic life, 6oo; chorion of locked, 683; metanotum well• Anisopleura, nymph with lateral egg often with inner layer, 700; developed, 685; A. tristis, gills, 5IO defensive glands, 696; epithelium of hind gut with Anisopodidae, 991; larvae, 978; fecundation canal, 698; two kinds of cell, 693; on larvae with apparently more gut relatively simple, 692; heart Cucurbitaceae, 739 than I 2 segments, 97 I two-chambered, posterior, 697; Anaspis, habits, 888 Anisopodoidea, 991 monophyletic, 702; salivary Anastatus, 1224 Anisoptera, 5 I 3; branchial sheath reduced or absent, 695; Anatalanta, I040. basket of nymph, so8; soB, spiracles with closing mechan• Anatoecus, 666; A. den/a/us, on 509; eyes, 497; male genitalia, ism, 69I ducks, 659 501; type of nymph, 503, 504; Amphientomidae, 653 Anax, 5I4; pronymph, 503; wing-venation, 499 INDEX

Anisopus, 99I Antennophorus, ant-parasite, I243 1212; cocoon, 121 1; vesiculate Anisotomidae, 853; development, Anteon, Ismarus, parasite of, larva, II98, 12II; A. glomer• 8J2 1226 atus, biology, I2I I Anisozygoptera, 5 I 3; probable Antestia, host of Corioxenos, 926 Apatura, Nymphalinae, II27; A. origin, SIO Anthelidae, I I 35 iris, in Britain, I I27 Ankothrips, 788 Antheraea, polyphagous larvae in Aphaniptera, see Siphonaptera ANNAND, 724, 748 A. assama and A. paphia, I I38; Aphelininae, I 224 ANNECKE, I22S, I264 silk-production in A. pernyi Aphelinus, larva with 8 pairs of Annulipalpia, I I66, I I67; larval and A. yamamai, I I38 spiracles, I I96; ovarioles s, retreats, I I 7 I Antherophagus, in nests of I I94; postnatal phragma, I I83 Anobiidae, 874 Bombus, 88o Aphelocheirus, 74S Anobium punctatum (striatum), Anthicidae, 89 I Aphelopinae, fore tarsi not 874; adult, larva, 875; Anobium, Anthicus, attracted to Meloe, 89I chelate, I23o prey of Corynetes, 877 Anthidium, habits, I257; Stelis, Aphelopus, larval cyst, hosts, I230 Anoecia, 7I7 parasite of, I2S7; A. man• Aphidencyrtus aphidivorus, A noma/a aenea, 862; A. orienta/is, icatum, habits, I257; male, caudate larva, I I97 Scolia manilae, parasite of, 1257 Aphididae, 7I7-23; migration, I232; A. polita, larva, 8s9 Anthocoridae, 735; alary poly• 7I9; rates of reproduction, 722; Anomalon, I2IO morphism, 688; embolium, rostrum telescoped into body Anomalopteryx, male hind wings 686; haemocoelic fecundation, during feeding, 684; separation reduced, I I64 699; hemelytron, 686; from nymphs of other Anomiopsyllus, maxilla, 945 predacious, 679; A. kingi, Sternorrhyncha, 7I7-I8; two Anomma, destruction of verte• sometimes bites man, 73S ventral ganglia present, 697; brates, I239; Stylogaster; as- Anthomyidae, I025; larvae, 978; venation, 7 I8 sociating with, I043 often saprophagous, 970; ter• Aphidiinae, gastral segments 2 Anommatocoris coleoptrata, 73 I mitophilous, 630 and 3 articulated; parasites of Anopheles, anatomy, 970; acces• Anthomyzidae, I039 Aphidioidea, I 2 I 2 sory gland of female, small Anthomyzoidea, I039 Aphidioidea, 7 I 7; abdominal seg• unpaired, 967; eggs, 984; ANTHON, H., 974, 987, I046 ments not more than 9 distinct, larval anatomy, 983; larval ANTHON, S. I., 980, I046 689; agriculture, harmful to, gills, 984; larval habits, 984-s; Anthonomus grandis, pest of cot- partly by virus-transmission, larval heart with 8 chambers, ton, 90I; A. pomorum, pest of 679; alary polymorphism, 688; 976; rectal papillae of larva 6, apple, 90I apterous or alate male, 687; 966; resting attitude adult, 986; ANTHONY,799,802,8I2 filter-chamber absent, 693; fos• only one spermatheca, 967; Anthophora, I258; mouthparts, sils, 702; gut relatively simple, tentorium, 9S9; transmission of I ISo; parasites, Argyramoeba 692; instars s (except malaria, 98s-6 anthrax, 1008; Coelioxys, I2S7; Phylloxeridae ), 702; Anophelinae, larval habits, 98s; Melecta, 12s8; Meloe, 89I; Malpighian tubules absent, larval spiracles, 904; resting Sitaris, 89o; A. acervorum, 694; ocular tubercles often attitude, 986 1258 present, 682; ovarioles, number Anoplotermes, 63s; formation of Anthophoridae, I 257 varies even within species, 698; new colonies, 62s; soldiers Anthrenus, 873 pulsatile organs in tibia, 697; absent, 6I8 Anthribidae, 897 predators: Coccinellidae, 882; Anophthalmus, 843 antisquama, 963 Coniopterygidae, 799; Anoplura, see Siphunculata, Antliarrhinus, 900 Chrysopidae, 8o7; 664 ant lion, see Myrmeleontidae Chamaemyidae, I02I; Feniseca Anoxia, Elis sexmaculatus, par• ants, see Formicidae larva, I 128; Gerydus larva, asite of, I232 Anurida, 464; furca wanting, 466; I 128; Hemerobiidae, 8os; Antarctoperlaria, 530 heart, 466-7; postantennal Thaumatomyia, I042; parasites: Antarctophthirius, 676; life-cycle, organ a rosette, 462 Aphidiinae, 1212; Asaphes, 67S Anurida maritima, 470; marine, I 223, Charipinae (hyperpar• anteclypeus, in Coleoptera, 8 I 8 46I; A. denisi, 470 asite), I2 I6; Ichneumonidae, antennae, in Coleoptera, 8 I8; in Aonidiella aurantii, 729; on I209; Pachyneuron; 1223; rela• Diptera, 9S4; in Hymenoptera, Citrus, 726; Letaba, predator tions to Coccoidea, 702; rela• I I78; cleaning apparatus, I ISs; of. 73S tion with Formicidae, I239, in Lepidoptera adults, I073; in Apachyus, 578 I24I; salivary gland with one Lepidoptera pupae, I099 Apanteles, European species, lobe with several kinds of cell, INDEX

695; sexuales in female parts, 118o-8I, 1182; Apterobittacus, 934 apterous, 687; spiracles usually musculature, I I93; oesophagus Apteropanorpa, 934 IO pairs, 69I; viviparity and short, 119I; ovarioles Apteropanorpidae, 938 parthenogenesis common, 700; numerous, I I94; parasites: Apterygote insects, characters, wax glands segmental, 697 Braula coeca, I02I; Galleriinae, 422,423 Aphis, 717; A.fabae, life-history, I072, 112I; Physocephala, Arachnida, parasites: 7I8, 720; migrations, 7I9; I043; Trichodes, 877; parthen• Acroceridae, Ioo6; morph determination, 72I ogenesis, I I77; petiole short, Arachnophaga, I224; Aphidius, 1212; Charipinae, par• 1187; pharyngeal glands, 1192; Ichneumonidae, I209; asites of, I2I6; Lygocerus, pharyngeal plate and glands of Mantispidae, 8o3; Trimerina, parasites of, 1228; no true male, 1192; pheromones, II92, I023, predators: Pompilidae, ovarioles, I I95; pupation in 126I; predator: Philanthus I245; Sphecidae, I25I, 1253; host, 1212; Aphidius testaceipes, triangulum, I254; proven• commensal: Desmometopa, parasite of Toxoptera gramin• triculus, I I9I; queen and male I042 um, 1212 ganglia 4, I I93; rectal papillae Arachnocampa luminosa, larva Aphilanthops, I254 4, I I9I; reproductive organs of luminous, 994; Cinetus fulvus, Aphodiinae, 862 queen, 1194; royal jelly, source parasite of, I226 Aphodius, 862; abdominal gang• of, I I92; sting, barbs of sting, Arachnophaga, parasite of arach• lia, 830 II87, II88; stomach looped, nids, I224 Aphrophora, 708; 3 ventral gang• I I9I; testes separate, I I94; Aradidae, 737; mycetophagous, lia, 697; A. spumarius, prey of vasa deferentia, 1194; vesiculae stylets very long, 682 Argogorytes, I253 seminales, 1194; workers with Aradoidea, 737 Aphrophoridae, 708 5 ganglia, I I93; African race, Araeopidae, see Delphacidae Aphrosylus, IOI2 1263; Apis dorsata, A.jlorea, Araschnia Ievana, seasonal dimor- Aphycus, endo- or ectoparasite of A. indica, 1263 phism, 1127 Coccoidea, I 224; life-history, Aplopus mayeri, eggs resemble Archaeognatha, 439 I224 seeds of Suriana, 566 Archearis, larval legs, I I32 Aphylidae, 741 apneustic Dipterous larvae, 975 AROIER, 798 Aphylum, 74I Apocheima, crop, I084; wings Archescytinidae, 702 Aphytis mytilaspidis, life-history, degenerate in female, 1132 Archilestes, terminalia of nymph, I224; parthenogenetic, I 178; 8 Apocrita, I200, 1201, I207; at• 507 spiracles in I st stage larva, tachment of gaster, 1182, II87; Archimylacridae, 599 12I8-I9 barbs of second valvulae, I I 88; Archiperlaria, characters, 527-8 Apicotermitinae, associate with habits, I I 77; larvae apodous, Archips, 1120 other termites, 630 1196; mouthparts, 1179; num• Archipsocidae, 654 Apidae, 1258; may have a worker ber of ganglia, I I93; spur of Archodonata, wings not flexed, caste, I254 fore tibia, II 8 5 424; possibly relation to Apinae, 1261; nature of colony, Apoderus, 898 Ephemeroptera, 485; relation II76 Apoidea, 1254; antennae, 1178, to Odonata, 5 I o Apiocera maritima, I005 I I79; evolution of proboscis, Archostemata, 839 Apioceridae, 1005 118o; larva, 1196; legs, 1185-6; Archotermopsis, alimentary canal, Apiomorphidae, 729 mode offunction of proboscis, 6 12; eyes vestigial, 6 I 9; cerci Apion, 899 II 8 I -2; parasites: Conopidae, of 6-8 segments, 611; external Apionidae, 899 I043; Strepsiptera, 922; anatomy, 6o7; mouthparts, A pis mellifera, 735; alimentary solitary Apoidea, parasites: 009; nests, 63I; 3o-45 ovar• canal of worker, III)O; bursa Argyramoeba, 628; Eurytoma, ioles, 6I4; reproductive organs copulatrix, II95; castes, 1176; I222; Gasterruptiidae, I2I3; complete in worker, 6I4; and colleterial glands open into Leucospidae, I222, predator: soldier, 6I I, 6I4, 6I9; spermathecal duct, I I95; Cerceris, I254; thoracic ganglia, reproductive organs of winged comb, 1262; 1193 male, 614; of winged queen, ejaculatory canals Appias, 1129 6I3; section of end of abdomen reduced, I I94; haploid and Apple, Plesiocoris rugicollis on of female soldier, 614; tarsi diploid males, 126I; heart, 735; Stephanitis pyri on, 73I imperfectly 5-segmented, 6o8- I I92; ileum elongate and Apple-blossom weevil, see 9; venation primitive, 6oi}-Io; looped, 119I; Malpighian tub• Anthonomus pomorum; ap• winged male and soldier, 6o7, ules, IOO, II9I; mandibular ple sucker, see Psylla mali 6o8; wings, 610 glands, II92; 126I; mouth- APPLEGARTH,938 A retia caja, distribution, I I42; 1286 INDEX

larval ecdyses, 1094; larval silk Arthroplea, nymph strains out ATKINS,840,904 glands, 1096 food particles with palpal hairs, Atractoceras, reduced elytra, 878 Arctiidae, 1142; generation of 484 Aua se.rdens, Mydas laying eggs ultrasonic signals, 1o83; ur• Articerus, antennae, 818 in nest of, but preying on larva ticating hairs in larva, 1093 Artiodactylidae, Linognathidae of Coelosia, 1005 Arctiinae, 1142 on, 676 Attacidae, see Saturniidae Araocorixa abdomina/is, A. mer• ARVY,484,488, 524,530 Attacinae, provisional adult anaria, eggs used as food, Asahina, 496, 513, 515, 535 cocoon-opener, 1101 747-8 Asaphes, 1223 Auacus, 1138, crop, t084; A. Arctoperlaria, 530 Ascalaphidac, 8og; tip of fore atlas, 1137; large size, 1138; Ardricola, on Ciconiidae and wing, 801) larval ecdyses, 1094; A. Ardeidae, 666 Asca/aphus longicornis, 801) edwardsi, large size, 1138 Ardeidae, Mallophaga on, 66o Aschiza, 1012; classification, Aliaphi/a, 596, 1242 AREN, 1075, 1158 1013; ptilinum absent, 979 Att.aphilinae, myrmecophilous, areola postica, in Psocoptcra, 649 Ascodipteron, 1037 6oo areole, in Lepidoptera, 1o8o Ascomycetes, Anisotomidae ATZINGER,539,554 Arge, only 3 antenna! segments, feeding on, 853; Liodes in, 853 Attelabidae, 8¢ 1178 Aseminae, larva, 893 Audabus, 898; Poropoea, parasite Argidae, 1205 ASH, 666 of eggs, 1225 Argogoryus mystauus, 1253 ASHFORD, 579 Atticolinae, myrmecophilous, 6oo Argynnis, 1127 ASHLOCK, 690, 748 Attini, cultivate fungi on cut Argyra, larva, 1012 ASHMEAD, 1210, 1212, 1225, 1226 leaves, 1240; secrete a her• Argyramoeba, 1008; A. trifa- Asilidae, 1007; anatomy, c17o; bicide, 1240; agricultural pests, ciata, A. anlhra.r ( = sinuata) empodium, 962; food-reservoir 1241; nest, 1240; trail pher• hosts, 1008 sometimes wanting, 965; larva omone, 1241 Argyresthia, mandibles, 1075; with 1 1 postcephalic ganglia, AUBERT,523,527, 530 habits, 1112 976; mouthparts, 957; nervous AUBERTIN, 1066 Arilus crista/us, 733 system, 967; nervous system AUBERTOT,457,459 arista (Oiptera), 954 little more concentrated in Auchenorrhyncha, 704, Arixenia, 578-g; affinities, 577; adult than larva, 967 abdomen least modified of cerci, 574; mid gut in two coils, Asiloidea, 1003 Hemiptera, 689; early fossils, hind gut in one, 574; ovarioles, ASKEW, 1225, 1264 702; eggs usually laid in plant• 575; reproductive organs in /ISLAM, 827, 899, 904 tissues, 701; heart well• male, 576; tegmina and wings Asolcus, host, 1227 developed, 697; hind legs absent, 573; A. jacobsoni, 579 Asopinae, 741 modified for jumping, 688; Arixeniidae,s78,8th and 9th rerga Aspiara, 1217 Malpighian tubules, 4, 694; of female hardly reduced, 573 ASPOcK, 798, 812 ovipositor, 689; post-clypeus Arixeniina, 578 Astatinae, 1251 conspicuous, 68o; pretarsus, armoured scales, see Asteia, 1040 688;pygophor,689;sound• Diaspididae Asteiidae, 1040 production, 69o; spiracles, Army worm (Dipterous) see Asterodiaspis minus, female em- usually 1o pairs, 691; parasite: Sciara mili1aris; bedded in pits in oak, 729 Halictophagidae, 922, 928; (Lepidopterous) sec Leucania Asterolecaniidae, 7 29 Pipunculidae, 1o 16; predator: ARNETT,839,873,904 Astomdla, 1007 Epipyropidae, 1 118 ARNOLD, 1254 Atactophlebia, Paraplecopteran, AUCLAIR, 723, 748 arolium (Oiptera), 962 adult apparently moulted, 485 Auchmeromyia lateola, 1030 ARORA, 599,6o1,748,8o6,812 Aulura, 440, 1242 Augilia, 7o6 Arrhopalites, 6 moults before Atemeles, in nests of Formica and Aulacidae, 1213 maximum size reached, 468 Myrmica, 856, 1243 Aulacidea, 1216 ARROW, 800,812, 826, 841,857, A thalia, vasa deferentiatia tub• Aulacigastridae, 1040 861,904 ular, convoluted, 1194 Aulacus, 1213 Artematopidac, 866 Atherix, larva aquatic, 999; larva AULMANN,71 4,748 Artematopoidea, characters, 849, apneustic, 975; larval Auplopus, 1245 866 pscudopods,974;oviposition,999 auricles, in male Odonata, 501 Anhropleona, 469; posterior Athous, larva, 869; adult, base of Australembiidae, 590; male abdominal segments sometimes pro- and mesosternum, 869; A. apterous, 583 fused, 464 rhombeus, carnivorous, 869 Australostoma, 544 INDEX

Austrogomphus, nymphal gill, BAHR~,965, 1011,1046 Ltotichius associating with, 509; section of nymphal rec• BAILEY, N. S., 731, 749 736; Nycteribiidae on, 1036; tum, so8 BAILEY, S. F., 788, 789 Polyctenidae on, 734; Austroiutts, 553 BAKER, A. C., 699, 7t5, 721,722, Siphonaptera on, 943; Austrommopon, on 749.773 Streblidae on, 1037 Charadriiformes, 665 BAKER, A. D., 69o, 749 BAUCHHENSS, 562, 568 AustromtroM, 938 BAKER, R. R., I 129, I 147 BAUMENT, 929 Austroperlidae, 528; retain some BAKKENDORF, 1225, 1264 BAUNACKE,691,746,749 primitive features, 527, 530 BALACHOWSKY, 725,727,749,903, BEAL,874,905 Austrophltbia, speed of flight, 904. 1042, 1046 BEAMER, 709, 749 495 balancers, see halteres Btamys (Rodentia), host of Austroserphidae, 1227 Balaninus, see Curculio Hemimerus, 579 autotomy, in Odonatan nymph, BALASUBRAMANIAN, 695, 749 BEARD, 739, 749 5o6; in Phasmida, 566 BALDUF,732,749, 1227,1264 BEARDSLEY,728,729,749 AVERILL, 723, 748 BALDUS, 506, 5 I 5 BEAVREGARD,827,905 AWATI, 684,691,698, 715,748 BALFOUR-BROWNE, 503, 515, 827, BECHER, 1012, 1047 A:ulsonia, 463 844,845.904.905.1224,1264 BECK, I 144, I 147 Axiidae, 1134 BALTER,664,666 BECKER,G.,624,635 Axymyiidae, 993 BANKS, C. J., 722, 749 BECKER, R., 974, 1047 Aylacini, 1216 BANKS, C. S., 861, 905 BECKER, T., 1035, 1047 BANKS,N.,634,635,978, 1046 BEDAU,682,749 DANZIGER, t 143, I 147 bed-bug, see Cimicidae BACCETTI, 542, 555 BAR, 437, 441 BEDDING, 1031, 1047 Baaha, 1017 BARANOWSKI, 738,749 Bedeguar gall, see Rhodites rosae Bacillus, 568; spp. parthenogen• BARASCH, 1113,1147 BEDINI, 454, 459 etic, 566; egg, 567; B. libanicus, BARBER, G. W., 735, 749 Bee flies, see Bombyliidae egg-shell, 566 BARBER,H.G.,744,749 Bee Hawk moth, see Htmaris BACK,715,770, 1045,1046 BARBER, H. S., 840, 905 bees, see Hymenoptera, Apoidea Backswimmers, see Notonectidae BARETH,444,447,448,449,450, BEESON,893,903,905, 1122,1147 BACOT,675,942,947,948 451 Beet, Piesma quadratum, pest of, bacteria, symbiotic, in mycetomes BARJAC, 640 738 of Hemiptera, 700; in gut .caeca Ba.rk-beetles, see Scolytinae Behningia, 487 ofHeteroptera, 692-3; in BARKER, 870,905 Behningiidae, 487 Mallophaga, 659; in 8ARLET,435,441,445,451 BEI-otENKo, 535, 544, 555, s8o, Panesthia, 596; in BARNARD, I 171, 1172 599.6o• Siphunculata, 675; in BARNES, H. F., 995, 1041, 1046 BEIER, 421 ,423,427,496, 518, Termitidae, 628 BARNES, J. W., 853, 916 537, 544, 546, 555, 562, 568, BADCOCK, 1167, I 172 BARNHART,436,441 572, 58o,583,590.592,597. BADGLEY, 799,812 BARRA,462,471 6ot,6o2,6s8,666,863,905, BADONNEL,647,648,650,652, BARRETT, 1073,1147 939 655 BARTH, 437, 441, 584, 588, BEIRNE, 713,749 Batonotus, 997 590, 597. 6os BEKKER-MIGDISOVA, 749 BAER, 1032, 1046 basal organ (ofhaltere), 963 Belgira, 991 BAERENDS, 12 52, 1264 basal sclerite, of Diptera, 973 Belidae, 897 Baetidae, 486; eyes divided, 478 basal sulcus of lsopteran fore BELING, 870, 905, 998, 101 I, Battis, 486; nymphal gills oflittle wing, 610 1047 respiratory importance, 481; B. BATES,984,986,987, 1029, BELKIN,987, 1047 rhodani, nymph active at night, 1046 BELL, J. R., 841, 905 484 BATESON,$74> 579 BELL, R. T., 820, 841, 905 Baetisca, 488; nymph, thoracic BATEY,776 BELLINGER,469,472 and abdominal ganglia fused, BATHELLIER,622,624,634,635 Belonogasttr, habits, 1250 485 Bathysciinae, development, 832; Belostomatidae, 745; no real Baetiscidae, 488 in caves, 853 labial palps, 684 Bagous, aquatic, 900 bats (Chiroptera) and BELT, 1238 BAGUENA CORELLA, 892, 904 Lepidoptera, 1o82- 3 Belyta, see Cinttus Bagworm, see Psychidae bats; Ari.unia on, 578; Belytinae, characters, 1226 BAHADUR,693,749 Ascodipteron on, 1037; Bembicini, ocelli aborted, 1178 1288 INDEX

Bembix, habits, 1253; parental larvae scavengers, 970 female, one in male, I I 9I; egg care, 1250; B. rostrata, habits, Bibioninae, 992 with long pedicel, II95; I253 Bibionoidea, 99I Malpighian tubules 8-I4, Bengalia, cutaneous myiasis, 971 Bienenwolf, see Philanthus I I 9I; ovarioles thin, very BENNET-cLARK, 549,555, I022, BIERBRODT,936,938 numerous, I I94; B. psenes, I047 BIGELOW, 553, 555 I22D-2I; larva apneustic, I2I9; BENSON, A., 484, 49I Bilobella, salivary glands with male fertilizing female, I22I BENSON, R. B., I20I, I203, 1205, giant chromosomes, 466 Blastothrix, I224; egg-pedicel 1206, 1264 BINAGHI, 887,905 respiratory, rr95; Ist stage BENWITZ, 684, 689, 750 BINET, 963, I047 larva metapneustic, 12I9; par• BEQUAERT, J. S., I027, I036, I037, BINGHAM, I 125, II29, I253, 1258 asite of Eulecanium and I047, 1065, I248, 1264 Biorrhiza pal/ida, 12I6; B. aptera, Pulvinaria, I224; B. sericea, BEQUAERT,M., I005, I047 the spring generation, I2I6 adult, I2I9; larva, 1220 Berberentulus, 459 Biphyllidae, 88I BLATCHLEY, 544,555,577,580, BERG, C. 0., I037, I039, I047, Biphyllus lunatas, 88I 6oo,6o2,730,750 I058 BIRCH, I084, II47 Blatta, 6oo; mouthparts, 33; BERG, K., I I22, I I47 birds, Culicidae transmit avian ootheca, 597; pronymph, 597; BERGERARD, 566, 568 malaria, 987; blood sucked by: B. orienta/is, 596; domestic, Berginus, 885 Elasmodema, 733; Cimicidae, 596; nymphal instars, 597-8 BERGROTH,703,750 734; Mydaea larvae, I027; Blattaeformia, as subclass, 42I Beridinae, tibial spurs present, Neottiophila larva, I044; Blattaria, definition, 425, 592, I002 Ornithomyia, I035; 6oo; aquatic, 592; domestic BERLAND,8I2, I229, I264 Passeromyia larva, I027; species, 596; fossil, 599; giz• BERLESE,454,458,459,693,699, Protocalliphora azurea larva, zard well-armed, 595; derived 750,829,838, I074 I03o; Triatoma, 732; on from Protoblattoidea, 599; BERNARD, I229, I264 feathers, Mallophaga, 665, 666; Stylogaster lays eggs in, I043 BERNAYS, 543, 555 bred from nests, Carnus, I042; Blattella, 6oo; female carrying BERNER, 48o, 48I, 485, 488 Chyromyidae, I04o; Meoneura, ootheca, 597, 598; wings, 594; BERNET-KEMPERS, 863, 905 1042 B. germanic a, domestic, 596; Berosus, larva, 85 I BIRKET-SMITH, 435, 44I, 479, 488 spermathecal duct paired, 595 Berothidae, 802 BISHOPP, 1027, I047 Blattellinae, 6oo; tergal glands BERTRAND,48I,488,839,844, Biting midge, see elaborate, 594; tertiary fossils, 846,85I,863,866,905 Ceratopogonidae 599 Berytidae, 738 BITSCH, 434, 435, 439, 44I, 586, Blattidae, 6oo; Rhipidius, parasite BESUCHET,855,884,905 590 of, 889 Bethylidae, I 23 I Bittacidae, 938; characters of, 932 Blattinae, tertiary fossils, 599 Bethyloidea, I 229; antennae not Bittacus, 932; antennae, 933; Bledius, Anthicidae in burrows of, sexually dimorphic, I 229; claws single, 934; eggs, 937 89I Cretaceous fossils, I 207 Biturritiidae, 7 I 2 Blephariceridae, 987; 5 larval Bethylus, I23I Blaberidae, 6oo Malpighian tubules, 976; pupal BETSCH, 462, 474 Blaberinae, tertiary fossils, 599 spiracular gill, 977 BETTEN, IOII, I062, II63, Blaberus, heart and blood-vessels, Blepharidea, secondary sheath of u68, II72 236; B. giganteus, skeletal larva, I033 BEUTENMULLER,839,905 structure, 592 Blepharidopterus angulatus, BEYERINCK, I2I5, I264 Black flies, see Simuliidae predator of Metatetranychus, BEZZI, I035, I045, I047 BLACKITH, 537,544,549,555 735 Bezzia, 990 BLACKMAN,72I,722,750 Blepharoceridae, see BHASKARAN,977, I052 BLACKWELDER,8I8,855,905,906 Blephariceridae BHARADWA}, I088, I I47 BLANC, I088, I097, II47 BLEST, I083, I I47 BHATIA, 978, I019, I047 Blaps, 886; eversible anal glands, BLESZINSKI, I I 22, I I 4 7 Bibio, 922; antenna, 954; larva, 829 Blissus leucopterus, 679; destruc• 972; B. marci, eggs and larvae, BLASCHKE, I 097, I I 4 7 tive to grass and cereals, 737; 992; 10 pairs larval spiracles, Blasticotoma filiceti, I205 digestive system, 692; 974; wings, 992 Blasticotomidae, I205 Eumicrosoma, parasite of, Bibionidae, 99I; antennae short, Blastobasis, I I I 3 I227 segmentation indistinct, 979; Blastophaga, anatomy, I I78; Blister beetle, see Me!oidae eye facets of two sizes, 952; abdominal ganglia, two in Blochmann bodies, 700 INDEX

blood-sucking insects, Diptera, preserved, I I35; larval silk• 730, 75I, IOIS, I047. I075, mouthparts of, 95I, 956; glands very large, I095 II02, II47 Ceratopogonidae, 989; Bombycoidea, I I 35 Bostrychidae, 875 Culicidae, 983; Glossinidae, Bombyliidae, 1008; larvae par• Bostrychoidea, characters, 849, I033, Hippoboscidae, I035; asitic, 970; nervous system, 874 Muscidae, 1025; Nycteribiidae, 967; parasites of Chalicodoma, Bostrychus capucinus, 875 I036; Phlebotominae, 98I; I257 Bot fly, see Gasterophilidae and Rhagionidae, 998; Simuliidae, Bombylius, antenna, 954; parasites Oestridae 988; Streblidae, I037; of Andrena, Colletes and Bothrideres, habits, 885 Tabanidae, Iooo; Heteroptera, Halictus, I009; B. major, 1008 BoucEK, I222, I265, I274 Anthocoridae, 735; Cimicidae, Bombyx mori, I I]6; anatomy, BOUDREAUX,7I8,78I 733; Triatominae, 732 1088, I097; accessory gland, BOUILLON, 624, 635 Blue bottles, see Calliphora female, 1087; frenulum BOULLETT, II3I, II55 Blues, see L ycaenidae vestigial, I o82, larval head, BOUNOURE,827,906 BLUMBERG, 729, 750 1090; larval silk glands, I095; Bourletiella, 47 I BLUNCK,782,789,845,906 zfK}; silk-production, I073; BOURGOGNE, Io86, II02, II47 BLUTHGEN, I2I3, I264 testicular follicles in a common BOURNIER,782,783,786,790 Boarmia, melanism, I I 32; modifi• scrotum, 1086 bouton, see flabellum cation of wing, I I33 BONET,469,47I Bm·icola, 66.5; B. bon's, on cattle, BODENHEIMER, 626, 635 , 722, 725, BONHAG, 575,580,595,602,690, world-wide, 66o; sites on host's 750, 980, I047 700,750,780 body,6s8 BODOT,624,627,635 BONN, 580 Bovicolidae, 665 BOELITZ, 466,467, 47I BONNEMAISON, 722, 750 BOVING, 833, 839, 843, 844, 85I, BOERKE,776 BONNEVILLE, 620, 637 86I,864,870,874,877, 879, BOESE, 937, 938 Booklice, see Psocoptera 88I,883,886,888,895,906, Boganiidae, 88o (Liposcelis) I090, I 105, I I48 BOGOESCU,485,489 Boopidae, 665; on Marsupialia and BOYD,987, I047 BOHART,922,928, I234, I264 I species on Canis, 665 BOYLE, 88I, 906 Bohartilloidea, 928 BOOTH, 764 Brachycaudus, 7I7 BOISSON, S65, 568 BORATYNSKI, 725,750 Brachycera, 978, 979, 997; BOLDYREV, 542, 555 Borboridae, see Sphaeroceridae alimentary canal, 965; anten• BOLIVAR y PIELTAIN, 549, 555 Borboropsidae, I 040 nae, 954; branches of vein Rs, Bolito phi/a, larvae with distinct BORCHERT,927,929 962; clypeus sometimes antennae and trace of ocelli, BORDAS, 54I, 555, 565, 568, isolated, 953; mouthparts, of 994 6o2,827,829,83I,906, Io8s, blood-suckers, 956; pleuron, Bombini, I 259; nature of colony, I094, I096, I097, I098, I I47, 96 I; larval alimentary canal, II76 II89, I I90, I I9I, I I92, I I94, 976; antenna, 972; hemice• Bombus, I259; abdominal ganglia, 1264 phalous, 97I-2; instars, 977; six in female, five in male, BORDEREAU, 6I7,635 mandibles, 972; often I I93; Malpighian tubules, IOO Boreidae, 932, 938; biology, 938; predacious, 970; posterior spir• in four bundles, I I9I; mandib• males, wings reduced, female, acle on segment I I, 975; pupa ular gland, I I 92; mouthparts, wings scale-like, 934; sperm• usually normal, 977, 998 I I8o; testes separate, I I94; pump absent, 936; status, Brachycercus, 488 vasa deferentia tubular, con• 426 Brachyderinae, 899; parthenogen• voluted, I I94; nest-scavenger, Borellia recurrentis, transmission esis, 900; provisional mand• Antherophagus, 88o; parasites: of, 672 ibles and mandibular scars, 8 I 8 Conops, I043; Melittobia, I224, Boreus, British species, 932; food Brachygaster minuta, parasite of Mutilla europaea, I234; habits, 933; larva, 937; true Ectobius, I2I3 Myopa, I043; Physocephala, vagina present, 936; B. Brachygastra, storing honey, 1250 I043; B. lapidarius nest, I259; hyemalis, male, 935; larval Brachylabinae, tegmina and wings Psithyrus rupestris, social par• internal anatomy, 938 absent, 573 asite of, 126o; B. pratorum, BORGMEIER, lOIS, I047, I238, Brachynini, 843; explosive secre• early summer species, I259; B. I264 tion, 829 terrestris, Psithyrus, a social Boridae, affinities, 886 Brachypanorpa, vegetarian, 932 parasite of, 1260 BORKHSENIUS, 727, 729, 7 50, Brachypelta, proctodaea! feeding Bombycidae, I I36; cocoon, I098; 75I of nymph, 693; B. aterrima, frenulum occasionally BORNER,42I,427,722, 723,724, biology, 74I INDEX

Brachyplatidae, see Plataspididae sicae, parthenogenetic female BRUGGEMANN, I043, 1062 Brachyptera, 529 may hibernate, 721 BRUIJNING, 600, 602 Brachypsectridae, 873 BRIAN, A. D., I 176, 1265 BRUMPT, 941, 948 Brachystome/la, 470; mandibles BRIAN, M. V., II76, 1237, 1265 BRUNDIN, 99I, 1048 absent, 462 BRIDWELL, 1230, 1231, 1265 BRUNER, 553, 555 Brachytarsus, predator on scale• Brimstone butterfly, see BRUNET,596,6o2,603 insects, 897 Gonepteryx BRUNNER, food of Blattaria, 596 Brachytronini gills, 509 BRINCK,479,480,489,521, 523, Brunner's organ, 550, 551 Brachytrypes, loud stridulation, 524, 525, 530 BRUNNER VON WATTENWYL, 568, 547 BRINDLE, 577, 580 569 Braconidae, I2Jo-12; caudate BRINDLEY, 574, 579, I 146, II48 Bucentes, secondary sheath of larva, I I97; cocoons often BRINKHURST, 744, 751 larva, I033 aggregated, 12oo; distinguish• bristles (Diptera) 594-5; facial, BUCHU, 622, 635 ing apterous from humeral, interalar, interfrontal, BUCHNER, 692, 75I Icheumonidae, I209; female notopleural, ocellar, orbital, BUCK, H., 898, 906 sometimes apterous,II8S; poly• postalar, posthumeral, post• BUCK, J. and E., 872, 907 embryony, II77; wings, 1211 orbital, postvertical, BUCKER, II78, 1265 BRADLEY, IJII, 1119, II47, presutural, supra-alar, vertical, BUCKLER, I094, I097, 1148 1148 vibrissae, 594; acrostichal, Buckleria paludum, 1 I23 Bradyporinae, female stridula• discal abdominal, dorsoven• BUCKUP,66o,666 tion,s46 tral, hypopleural, lateral Buffalo-gnat, see Simuliidae Brahmaeidae, IIJ9; Brahmaea, abdominal, marginal Buff Arches, see Habrosyne life-history, 1 I39 abdominal, mesopleural, meta• Bug, Chinch, see Blissus, Green BRANCH, 7II, 751 pleural, propleural, scutellar, vegetable, see Nezara; branchial basket, in sternopleural, 595 Harlequin cabbage, see Anisopteran nymphs, soB Bristle-tails, see Thysanura Murgantia histrionica; Plant, BRANDENBURG,433,441,927,929 BRITTEN,988, 1048 see Hemiptera; Shore, see BRANDT, 829, 830, 906, 966, 976, BRITTON, E. B., 844, 906 Saldidae; Squash, see A nasa 1048, 1oSs, 10S7, 1097, 1110, BRITTON, W. E., 730, 75I tristis; water, Giant, see I 148, I 193, 1265 BROADBENT,718,723,75I Belostomatidae. Brassica, roots damaged by larvae BROADHEAD,647,65I,655 BUGNION, 593, 602, 617, 629, 635, of Erioischia, 1025 BROCHER, 697, 75I, 101 I, 1048, 636,7SI,829,8S3,907,966, Brassolinae, I 126 1085 1208, 1224, 1265 BRATT, 105S BROCK, 1088,1102, 1148 BULIMAR, s•o, SIS BRAUER,421,427,S03,SI2,932, BROD0,98o, 1048 Bumble bee, see Bombus 937.93S,976, 1002,1006, BROMLEY, 1001, 1048 BUNZLI, 1241, 1265 1007, IOII, 104S BROWER, I 125, II 56 Buprestidae, 866; apodous larva, Braula, halteres absent, 963; B. BROWMAN, 6n, 635 835; larva, 833, 867; parasites coeca, in nest of honeybee, BROWN, D. S., 484, 489 of, 1213; Orussidae, parasites 1021; adult, 1021 BROWN, E. S., 736, 740, 741, 751, of, I203 Braulidae, I 021 878, 906 Buprestoidea, 849, 866 BRAUN, 10S1, 1106, I I 13, I 14S BROWN, H. P., 802, 812 BURGESS, A. F., 841, 907 BRAUNS, 125S, 1265 BROWN, V. K., 598, 602 BURGESS, E., I074, 1085, 1088, breastbone of cecidomyid larvae BROWN, W. L. )nr., 1238, 1279 1148 (sternal spatula), 996, 997 Browntail moth, see Euproctis BURKS,485,489 BREITENBACH, 107 5 phaeorrhoea Burmjapyx, 441 BRELAND, 599, 602 Bruchela, affinities, 894, 897 Burnet, see Zygaena Brenthidae (Brentidae), 8g8; Bruchtdae, 894; apodous larva, 1!35 BURR, 574,577,578,580 adults, S9S Bruchophagus platyptera (fun- bursa copulatrix, in A pis, 1 I95; in BRETFELD,465,46S,472 ebris ), 1222 Coleoptera, 832 Brent his, Nymphalinae, 1127 Bruchusfabae, larval legs, 894; B. BUSCHINGER, 1244, 1265 Brephos, see Archearis pisorum, on peas, 894; B. Bush-crickets, see Tettigoniidae BRETSCHNEIDER, 1085, I 148 pruinosus, oviposition, 894 BUSNEL,541, 550,555 BRETSCHKO, 484, 489 BRUCKMOSER, 461,472 BUSCK, 1080, I 086, I 090, I I 02, Brevicoryne, 7 I7; influence of Brueelia, 666 II05, II4S crowding on wing• BRUES, 421, 427, 1014, I045, 1048, BUSVINE, 670, 677 development, 721-2; B. bras- 1265 BUT ANI, 715, 778 INDEX 1291

BUTCHER,461,46S,472 Calicurgus (Pompilidae) sometimes viviparous, 968 BUTLER, C. G., 7IS, 7SI, 1192, female, 1245 calyptron (calypter), 963 1263, 1265 Caligo, 1126 CAMARGO, 1279 BUTLER, E. A., 730, 7S2 Caliothrips spp., on cotton, 7S2 Camel crickets, see BUTLER, G. D., 803, 814 Caliroa, larva slug-like, 12o6 Rhaphidophoridae BUTT,97S, 104S Calisce/is, enlarged fore legs, 706 Camelidae, Mallophaga on, BUTTER,SOS,SIS Callaphididae, 7 I 7 66s butterflies, see Lepidoptera Callibaetis, 486, ovoviviparity, CAMERON, A. E., 724,752, 9S0, (Rhopalocera) 4SO 1020, 1029, I04S BUXTON,S99,6oS,67I,677, 1033, Callidium, abdominal ganglia, 830 CAMERON, E., 1213, 1265 1o4S, toSs, 114S Callidulidae, II3 4 CAMERON, P., 1206, 1207, 1265 BUYSSON, 8s3, 907 Calliduloidea, I I 34 CAMERON, R. S., 841, 913 BYERS,937,93S,939,979,980, Calliephialtes, larval instars, 1210 CAMHI, 53S, 55S 997, I04S Callimorpha, affinities, 1142 Camillidae, I022 Byrrhidae, 863; larval palpi, 836 Callimyia, 1016 Campichoeta, 1023 Byrrhoidea,848,863 Calliphora, I030; accessory Campodea, 445, 457; dorsal ves• Byrrhus pillula, life-history, 864; glands, male, 969; alula and sel, 447; ovarioles, 44S; rectum, ovarioles, S32 squamae, 963; anatomy, 970; 447; female reproductive Bytrois nemoralis, 70S ejaculatory apodeme, mal~, organs, 44S; spiracles, 447; Byturidae, 88I 969; halteres, 963; head, 953; testes, 448 Byturus tomentosus, on raspberry heart, 969; larval brain in Campodeidae, 45 I; abdominal etc. (Rubus), S81 metathorax, 977; mouthparts, appendages, 446; cerci, 446; 957; rectal papillae 4, 966; distribution, 444; Malpighian reproductive organs, male, 292; tubules, 447; pairing, 449; with Cabbage butterflies, see Pieris parasites: Alysia manducator, prostheca, 444 Cabbage-root fly, see Erioischia 1212; Melittobia, 122s; Campodeoidea, 450 brassicae Nasonia brevicornis, 1223; C. campodeoid Trichopterous larva, Cacao, Bytrois on, 70S; swollen erythrocephala, wing, 1026 1167, 116S shoot, Pseudococcus vector of, Calliphoridae, I029; Stylogaster campodeiform larva, in 72S; mirid pests of, 73S lays eggs on, 1043 Coleoptera, S34 Cacoecia, see Archips Calliphorinae, 1030 Campsurus, 4S7; adult life a few Caeciliidae, 653 Callirhipidae, 866 hours, 476, 477; 4 posterior legs Caecilius, 653; several generations Callistopteridae, 653 reduced, 479; subimaginal skin a year, 6st Callitroga, see Cochliomyia not shed, 477 Caelifera, 5 49; antennae with Callosamia promethea, larval Campylopterodea, wings not fewer than 30 segments, S38 ecdyses, 1094 flexed,424 Caddis-fly, see Trichoptera Callosobruchus maculatus, poly• Canacidae, pupal spiracular gill, Cadelle, The, see Tenebroides morphism, S94-s 977 Caenis, 488; flies at night, at- CALLOVV,718,752, 1265 CANDEzE, S64, 877 tracted to light, 4 77; hind callus, humeral (Diptera), 96o; Canephora unicolor, 6 abdominal wings absent, 47S; nymph, postalar (Diptera), 96o; prealar ganglia, toSs adaptation to life in sand, (Diptera), 96o Canker worms, see Paleacrita 482 Calodexia, 1031 CANTACUZENE,542,S55 Caenidae, 488 Calopsocidae, 653 Cantharidae, 872; nervous Caenoidea, 488 Calopterygidae, see Agriidae system, 830 Caenorhinus germanicus, S9S Calopterygoidea, see Agrioidea cantharidin, Lytta, the source of, Cailloma (Rhyacophilidae), pupa Calosoma, larval gut, 837; C. 891 destroyed by Neoplasia, 1011 sycophanta, predator of Cantharis, S72; abdominal gang• Calabar swellings, see Loa loa caterpillars, 841 lia, 83o; hind wing, S24; larva Calandra, see Sitophilus CALVERT,505,5I0,515 alimentary canal, 837, S3S; calcium carbonate, produced by Calyptomeridae, 840 heart, S3S; muscles of head, Cerambycid larvae, 893; in Calyptratae, 963, I02o, I024; 838; segmental glands, S3S; skin of Stratiomyid larvae, female accessory glands usually spiracles, S37; see also Lytta 1002 long, filiform, 967; nervous Cantharoidea, S49, 87o; CALDVVELL,714,752 system concentrated in both abdomen, 825 Calicurgus (of Fabre), see adult and larva, 967; ~APEK, 1212, 1265 Cryptocheilus hyalinatus usually 3 spermathecae, 967; capitellum, 963 1292 INDEX

Capitophorus, 717 CARPENTER, G. H., 836, 907, 1028, Caviognathidae, 88o Capnia,529; ganglia, 525; nymph 1029, 1048 CAZAL,447.452,502,515,541, without gills, 526; ovaries, Carpenter moth, see Cossidae ss6 spennatheca, 525; c. nigra, CARPENTIER,445,451,542,554, Cebidae, Mallophaga on, 666 ovoviviparous, 5-25 ss6,9z8,929 Cebrionidae, 868 Capniidae, 529; thoracic sternum, Carpets, see Geometridae CEDERHOLM, 790 522; wing-venation, 523 Carposinidae, 111 s Cecidomyidae, 995; palpi CAPPE DE BAILLON, 566, 569 Carrot fly, see Psi/a rosae sometimes with 1-2 segments, Capra (goat), Linognathus on, Carrot, Psi/a rosae, a pest of, 1024 979; larva not eucephalous, 676 CARSON, 1022, 1049 971; usually phytophagous, caprification, 1220 CARTER,724,752 970; 9 pairs spiracles, 974; Capritermts, 635; twisted mand• Carthaeidae, r 139 pupa usually in a cocoon, 977, ibles of soldier, effective for CARVALH0,735,752 978, 99b; parasites: Euptlmus, defence, 619 CARY,715,752 1224; Platygasteridae, 1228 Capsus, 3 ventral ganglia present, CASSAGNAU,466,468,472 Celephidae, 1021 697 Cassida, abdominal ganglia, 830 Ctlerio, see Hylts Carabidae, 841; defensive glands, Cassidinae, colour, metamor- celery, attacked by Philophylla 829; development, 832; ex• phoses,896;eggs,832 heradei, 1045 plosive secretions, 829; fossor• CASJ'EEL, 1262, 1266 cellulase, in Isoptera and their iallegs, 821; gizzard, 827; hind castes, in Apidae, 12s8; in protozoa, 628 wing, 824; often wanting, 823; Formicidae, 1236; in lsoptera, cenchri, 1201; in Lepidoptera, mid gut caeca and hind gut, 614- 21; development of, 622- 4 1076; in Planipennia, 8o6 827; tennitophilous species, Castnia ficus, larva pest of sugar Centrioncus, eyes not on stalks, 63o; vegetarian species, 841; cane, 1119 1038 larvae, 833, 843--t; larval Castniidae, r r r8; with cubital Centris, see Hemisia abdomen, 837; ocelli, 835 retinaculum, 1o82 Cenoloba, 1121 Carabinae, 844 Castnioidea, 1 118 Centroptilum, 486 caraboid stage, larval Meloidae, castration, parasitic by Dryinidae, Centro/us, 711 89o,891 12 30; parasitic in Cephaloidae, 891 Caraboidea, 840 Membracidae, 711; parasitic by cephalo-pharyngeal skeleton in Carabus, large, 827; larval claws, Pipunculids, 1016 Cyclorrhaphous larvae, 972 836; C. canctllatus larva, 842; Cat, Ftlicola subrosrrarus on, 66o; Cephidae, r 204; no cenchri, 1201; C. monilis, alimentary canal, Ctenocephalides felis on, 943 fore tibia with 1 spur, 1201; 828; C. ntmora/i$, 842 Cataclysta lemnata, larval respira• larva with meta thoracic spir• Caraphractus dnaus, 1225 tion, 1123 acles, 1201 Carausius, s68; parthenogenetic, catalepsy, in Phasmida, 567 Cephoidea, 1203 s66; c. morosus, s64; eggs, Catantopinae, cat broad-leaved Cephus pygmaeus, the wheat-stem nymph instars, s66 plants, 551 borer, 1204; C. cinctus, larva, CARAYON, 695, 6<}8, 6<}9, 700, 731, Catharsius, egg-balls, 86z adult, 1:104 732,733.735.752,769 Catocala, larval colour affected Cerambycidae, 892; Aulacidae CARBONELL,537,555 by light, 1093 parasitic on, 1213; apodous CARCASSON, 1140, 1148 Catocalinae, larvae, 1144 larva, 835, 893; functional Carctllia gnava, 1033 Catopinae, 853 ovipositor, 825; lime in pupal Cardnocoris, 732 Catopsilia, migrations, 1129 cell, 838; stridulatory organs, Carcinophoridae, 578; two penes CATTlE, 1098, 1148 827 in male, 574 Cattle, Bovicola bovis, on, 6s8; Cerambyx, cryptonephric Mal- Carder bees, see Bombus, 1259 Haematopinus on, 672, 675, pighian tubes, 829 Cardiaspina albittxtura, 715 676; Hippobosca on, 1035; Cerapachyinae, 1239 Cardinal beetle, see Pyrochroidae Hypoderma parasitic on, 1028; Ceraphronidae, r228 Cardiophorus, larva, 869 Mallophaga on, 665 Ceraphronoidea, 1228; fore tibia CARLO,DE,746,752 caudal gills, in Z ygopteran with 2 spurs, 1201 Carnidae, 1042 nymphs, 509 Cerapterus, antennae, 843 Carnus hemapterus, in birds' caudate larva (Parasitical, 1199; Cerapteryx graminis, eggs scat• nests, 1042 in Braconidae, 1 197, 1211; tered at random, 1089; larvae CARPENTER, F. M., 421,424,425, function of cauda, 120<)-IO sometimes very abundant, 1145 427, 428, 472, 6ss. 657, 798, CAUDELL, 546, 556, 645 Cerataphis, highly specialized !los, 812, 939, 1238, 1279 CAUSSANEL, 580 gall-maker, 721 INDEX 1293

Ceratina, I 258; C. cyanea, Cerophytidae, 870 Chalcis, parasitizes eggs of British, 12 58 Ceroplastes ceriferus, wax produc• Stratiomyia, 1222; C. sispes, Ceratitis capitata, serious pest of tion, 729; Ceritrypetes predator larva and trophic membranes, fruit, 97I, 1045 on, II II; C. rusci, Scutellista 1199 Ceratocombidae, see cyanea, parasite of, I223 Chalcosiinae, I I 17 Dipsocoridae Ceroplatus, larva apneustic, 975; Chalicodoma, I256; Argyramoeba Ceratocampidae, see Ceroplatus sessiodes, larva and anthrax parasite on, 10o8; Citheroniidae pupa luminous, 994 Dioxys and Steb's parasitic on, Ceratocoris, male with frontal Ceroptera, associating with I257; Trichodes predator in horns, 740 Scarabaeus, I040 nests of, 877; C. muraria, Ceratophyllidae, 948 cerumen, I26I 1256--7; Argyramoeba trifasc• Ceratophylloidea, 948 Cerura, cocoon, I098, I I4I iata, parasite on, 1008 Ceratophyllus gal/inae, host- Cervidae, Lipoptena on, I035; Chamaemyia, larva feeds on finding, 94I; hosts fowls and Mallophaga on, 665 Coccids, 1021 other birds, 943 Cerylon, under bark, 88I Chamaemyiidae, 1021; perhaps Ceratopogonidae, 989; male with Cerylonidae, 88I includes Cremifannia, 1039 mandibles, 956; some blood• Cetonia, 86I; abdominal ganglia, CHAMBERLAIN, 903, 907 suckers, 95 I; larvae, 978 83o; Scotia hirta, parasite of, CHAMBERLIN, 728, 752 Cerceris, I254; 6 abdominal gang• I232; Cetonia aurata, in CHAMPION, G. C., 730, 753, 895, lia, I I93; largest genus of Britain, 86I 907 Sphecids, I254; C. arenaria, Cetoniinae, 86I CHAMPION, H. G. and R. J., 1233, female, 1254 Ceuthophilus, 545 1266 cerci, in Coleopterous larvae, 837; Ceuthorrhynchus, larva makes CHAMPLAIN, 877, 9o6 in Embiids, usually asym• root-galls, 900; C. pleurostigma, CHANCE, 988, 1049 metrical, 587; in Isoptera, 6I I larva makes galls on roots of CHANDLER, IOI7, 1049 cercoids, see cerci in Odonata cabbage and swedes, 90I; life• CHANDRAN, I088, 1147 Cercophanidae, I I 39 history, 903 CHANG, 700, 753 Cercopidae, 707; frons, 68o; CHADWICK, I088, II47 CHANNA BASAVANNA, I227, 1266 Malpighian tubules produce a Chaeteessidae, 6o I CHA0,496,5I5 substance which stabilizes foam, Chaetosemata, I073 Chaoborinae, 984-5 694; Dryinidae, parasite of, Chaetosomatidae, 877 Chaoborus, larva, 984; apneustic, I230; C. vulnerata, British, 707 Chaetospania, 578 975 Cercopithecidae (Cynomorph chaetotaxy, definition, 96 I, 96o CHAPMAN, J. A., 823, 907 monkeys), host of Pedicinus, Chafers, see Scarabaeidae CHAPMAN, P. J., 652, 655 670 Chagas' disease, 732 CHAPMAN, R. F., 538, 543, 551, Cercopoidea, 707; true filter• Chaitophoridae, 717 ss6 chamber, 693; possible origin, Chaitophorus, 7I7; C. populeti, CHAPMAN, T. A., 889, 895, 907, 702; up to 20 salivary acini, 695 male sexuales both winged and I 009, I 049, I 094, I 098, I I 00, Cercyon, apodous larva, 835, 85I; apterous, 72 I 1102, 1103, 1104, II IO, II IS, in dung, 850 Chalastogastra, see Symphyta II I7, I I I9, I I23, I 128, 1148, Cereals, pests of, Blissus leucop• Chalcidectidae, I 222 1149, 123I, 1266 terus, 737; Chlorops, I042; Chalcididae, I 222 CHAPUIS, 864, 877 Eurygaster integriceps, 74I; Chalcidoidea, I2I7; anatomy, Charadriiformes, Mallophaga on, Hylemyia coarctata, I025; I I78; antennae, I I78; attach• 66s Lema melanopa, 895; ment of gaster, II87; ganglia, Chareas, see Cerapteryx Limothrips cerealium, 783, 789; sometimes only I abdominal, Charagia, 1106; venation and Oscinella, I042; wheat-midges, I I93; hamuli, 2-3, I I85; ovar• tracheation of fore wing base, 97I; on grain, Sitophilus, 90I ioles usually 4, II94; palpi, 1079 CEREZKE,907 II79; nearly all parasitic, II77; Charaxes, 1127 Ceresa bubalus, 712 parthenogenesis, I I78; phyto• Charipinae, hyperparasites of CERFONTAINE, IOI9, I04Q phagous families, 1207; poly• Aphids, 1217 Ceria, larva in rotten wood, IOI7 embryony, II77; venation Charips, 12I7 Ceritrypetes, I II I reduced, II84; pedicellate CHATTERJEE, 707, 728, 753 Cerococcus, female embedded in eggs, I 195; larval spiracles, 763 wax, 729 1 I96--7; teleaform larva, 1 I97; CHAUDONNERET, 434, 44I Ceropalinae, parasitic on other no cocoon except in Chauliodes, 796; larval head, 794 Pompilids, I245 Euplectrus, 1200, 1219 cheeks, see genae 1294 INDEX

Cheese skipper, see Piophila casei Chirothrips hamatus, head and bundles, 119I; sting an Cheilosia, IOI7 mouthparts, 78s; C. manicatus, ovipositor, I 200 Cheirochela, forelegs chelate, 745 wings normal, reduced or Chrysiridia, characters, 1133; C. Chelicera, S90 absent, 786 ripheus, larva, 1134 Chelisoches, 578 CHISHOLM, S2I, S30 Chrysis, British, hosts, I23I, Chelisoches morio, S77 CHISWELL, 980, I049 1233; C. shanghaiensis, Chelisochidae, 578 Chlidanotidae, I I 20 hosts, 123I Chelonariidae, 86s Chloeophorinae, I I 45 Chrysobothris, 867; larva, 867 Chelonia, Sarcophaga, parasitic Chloreutes, I I I I Chrysolina, abdominal ganglia, on, I030 'chloride cells' in 83o; C. staphylaea, 896 Chelostomajlorisomne, Sapyga Ephemeropterous nymphs, Chrysomela, segmental glands, cla·vicornis, parasite of, I 234 484; in Trichopterous larvae, larva, 838 Cheluridella, maternal care, S77 II67-8 Chrysomelidae, 895; testes, 83 I; CHEN,7I8,7S3 Ch/orion, see S phex larvae, 833, 83s; larvae prey of Chermesidae, see Adelgidae Chlorochroa ligata, pest of Eumenidae, 1247 Chermidae, see Psyllidae agriculture, 742 Chrysomelinae, 895 CHESHIRE, I I92 Chlorocyphidae, 5 I 2 Chrysomeloidea, 849, 892; CHEUNG,709,7I0,7S3,768 Chlorogomphus, S I 4 eruciform larva, 834; tarsi, 822 Chiasognathus, mandibles, 8I8; C. Chlorolestidae, 5 I 2 Chrysomphalus ficus, on Citrus, grantii, male, female, 819 Chloroperlidae, 530; male gen- 726,729 Chicken-louse, Common, see italia, S24 Chrysomyia rufifacies, causing Menopon gal/inae Chloropidae, I042; larvae usually myiasis in sheep, 1030 Chigoe, see Tunga phytophagous, 970 Chrysomyza, see Physiphora CHILCOTT, I027, I049 Chloropisca, see Thaumatomyia Chrysopa, Ichneumonidae, par• Chilocorus, larva, 883; larva and Ch/orops taeniopus, 97I, I042-3; asites of, 1209; C. carnea, larva, pupa,883 life-history, I042; wing, 8o6; C. californica, food, 8o7; Chilopoda, termitophilous, 1043 C. jlava, eggs, 8o7; C. signata, 630 CHOLODKOVSKY, 723, 724, 7S3, wing tracheation and venation, Chilotraea, pests of sugar-cane in I08S, I I49 8os India, 1122 CHOPARD, S37, S44, S4S,SS6, S62, Chrysopidae, 8os; eggs, 8o6; CHINA, 686, 703, 70S, 707, 730, s66,s69,577,s8o,s9z,6o1, larvae of, 806--7; Helorus, 732,733,736,737.743.744, 6o2, 1227, 1266 parasite of, I227 747.7S3.7S6 CHOPRA,740,763 Chrysopolomidae, I I I6 Chionaspis salicis, male and chorda, in Lepidoptera, Io8o Chrysops, Iooo; head, 956; larva, female scales, 726 chordotonal organs in larval 1001, attacked by Strepsiptera, Chionea, apterous, 962, 979 Cerambycidae, 893; in 922; C. dimidiata, transmits Chironetes, fore wing, 483 Lepidoptera, I077 Loa loa, 1000 Chironomiidae, 990; adult Chorebus, hosts, I2I2 CHRYSTAL, 723, 7S4, 1203, 1217, swarms preyed on by Odonata, Choristidae, 938; wing-coupling, 1266 49S; larvae, sometimes apneus• 934 CHURCH, 891, 911 tic, 97s; blood-gills, 967; brain Chorosoma, 740 CHVALA, IOOI, 1043, I049 sometimes in prothorax, 977; Choroterpes, 487 chyle stomach, see ventriculus phoretic on Ephemerid Chortoicetes, 553 Chyromyidae, 1040 nymphs, 484; preyed on by Chortomyia, pupa in a puparium, cibarial sucking pump, in Plecopteran nymphs, s26; 996 Hemiptera, 691 pupa sometimes with spir• Chresmodidae, s68 cibarium (in Diptera), 965 acular gill, 977 CHRISTIANSEN, 46I, 472 Cicada orni, wings, 687 Chtronomus, 990; anatomy, 970; CHRISTOPHERS, 970, 983, 986, Cicadellidae, 7 I 2; alary polymor- head, 9S4; ovarial structure 1049 phism, 688; egg with 1-8 aberrant, 967; rectal papillae chromosomes, giant, in salivary micropyles, 701; frons, 68o; 2, 966; tentorium, 9S9; vesicula glands of Diptera, 966 ocelli sometimes wanting, 682; seminalis, 969; larval heart chrysanthemum fly, see Phyto• metanotum as long as meso• posterior with 4 ostia, 976; myza syngenesiae notum, 686; taxonomic impor• pseudopods, 974; C. Chrysididae, I2JI; taxonomy, tance of male genitalia, 690; clavaticornis, parthenogenetic, I 229; connected to Bethylidae virus-transmission, 679; par• 99 I; C. stercorarius viviparous, through the Mesitiinae, I 229; asite: Dryinidae, 1230; 968 40 Malpighian tubules in 3 predators: Chrysopa larvae, 8os INDEX 1295

Cicadelloidea, 7 I I; origins, 702; Cimicomorpha, 730; accessory Clegs, see Tabanidae true filter-chamber, 6cn; up to salivary glands vesiculate, 695; C/eomia, 585 20 salivary acini, 695 egg usually with an operculum, Cleonyminae, parasites of wood• Cicadetta montana, in Britain, 709 700; gut relatively simple, 692; boring beetles, 1223 Cicadidae, 709; egg with 3 independent origin, 702; C/eptes, parasites of micropyles, 701; endophallus pretarsus, 688; salivary sheath Tenthredinoidea, 1231 in male, 69o; frons, 68o; absent or very reduced, 695 Cleptinae, I 23 I labium 3-segmented, 684; Cinara, JI7 CLEVELAND,596,6o2,627,628, sound-producing organ in Cinetus fulvus, host, 1226 6J4,636 abdominal segments r-2, 689, Cionus, larva adheres by means of Cleridae, 877 690; thorax typical for viscous secretion, cocoon, 900 Cleroidea, characters, 849, 876 Homoptera, 685; Sandalus, a Circulifer tenel/us, 713 C/idemia hirta, controlled by parasite of, 866; S phecius, circumfili, on antennae of Liothrtps urichi, 783 predator on, 12 53 Cecidomyidae, 996, 997 Climacia, 802 Cicadoidea, 709; origins, 702; CIRDEI, 510, 515 Clinocera, larval pseudopods, 974 salivary gland each with two Cisfuscipes, parthenogenetic, 885 Clistogastra, see Apocrita clusters of tubular lobes, 695 Cistela, see Gonodera Clitarchus, in Britain, 568 Cicadomorpha, 704; egg without Cistelidae, see Alleculidae C/itumnus, s68 a plastron hatching through a Cithaerias, transparent wings, C/ivinia, fossoriallegs, 841 longitudinal split, 701; filter 1126 cloacal duct, in primitive chamber, 693; origins, 702 Citharoniidae, I I 38 Lepidoptera, 1086--7 Cicadoprosbolidae, 702 Citrus, pests of, Aonidiel/a auran• C/oeon, 486; dorsal vessel, 485; Cicinde/a, 842; abdominal gang• tii, 726; Chrysomphalus ficus, hind wings absent, 478; lia, 830; male, ventral view, 726; Dialeurodes citri, a pest of, ovoviviparity, 48o; nymph, 822; C. purpurea, duration of 715; I eery a purchasi, 728; abdominal gills of little respir• development, 843 Scirtothrips, spp. on, 782, 789 atory importance, 481 Cicindelidae, B4I Cixiidae, 705; eggs laid in soil, Clonopsis spp., parthenogenetic, Cicindelinae, 84I; lacinia, 8r8; 701 s66, 56s ocelli in larvae, 835; Pterombrus Cixius, nymphs probably subter- Clothilla, peculiar accessory and Methocha, parasites of, ranean, 705 gland, 650 1233; Spogostylum anale; par• CLAASSEN, 525,527,532 C/othoda urichi, 589; damages asitic on, 1009 Clambidae, 863 cultivated orchids, 585; male Ciconiidae, Mallophaga of, 659, CLANCY, 1227, 1266 roth tergum entire, cerci sym• 666 CLARK, A. H., 1073, I 149 metrical, 487, 488; male ter• Ciidae, 885 CLARK, E. J., 551, 556 minalia, s88 Cilix, 1132 CLARK, H. w., 498, SIS Clothodidae, 589 Cimberis, 897 CLARK, L. R., 715, 7S4 Clouded Yellows, see Co lias Cimbex, cocoon, 12oo; colleterial CLARK, R. L., 521, 530 CLOUDSLEY-THOMPSON, 578, 580 glands open into median reser• CLARKE, II IJ, 1149 C/unio, male only winged, 991; C. voir, 1 195; 2o-3o ovarioles, claspers (ofDiptera), 965; cla• takahashii, female dimorphic, II 94; vasa deferentia, tubular spers (valves, harpes) (in male 991 convoluted, 1 194 Lepidoptera), 1083 Clunioninae, often apterous, 962, Cimbicidae, I20S classification of insects, 421 99I Cimex hemipterus, see C. rotun• Clastopteridae, 708 Clusiidae, I040, 1043 da/us CLAUDE-JOSEPH, 1255, 1266, 1271 Clusiodes albimana, larva, 1040 Cimex, mandibles and maxillae CLAUSEN,883,907, IOJ2, 1045, clypeus (Diptera), 953 penetrate skin together, 685; 1049, II77, II96, 1197, 1208, Clytra, larval cases, 896; C. preyed on by Reduvius person• 1210, 1219, 1223, 1224, 12JJ, quadripunctata, larva in nests a/us, 732; C. lectularius, 734, 1266 of Formica rufa, 896, 1242 734; C. rotunda/us, 734; male, Claviger testaceus, with ants, 855 Clytrinae, abdomen and egg• female reproductive organs, Clavigeridae, in ants' nests, 1243 cases, 895-{j 698 Clavigerinae, 8ss Clytus arietis, mimics Vespid, 892 Cimicidae, 733; blood-suckers, clavus, in fore wing of coarctate stage, larval Meloidae, 679; haemocoelic fecundation, Heteroptera, 686 890 699; ocelli wanting, 682 CLAY,426,428,659,66r,664, COBBEN,700,70I,702,70J,730, Cimicoidea, 733; no spermatheca, 665,666,667 736,737.739,754 698 Clearwings, see Sesiidae Cobbo/dia, 1027 INDEX

Coccidae, 729 myiasis, 97Ii C. hominivorax, reproductive system male, Coccidotrophus socialis, associated obligate parasite, I03 I; C. 83I-2, 83I; respiratory system, with Pseudococcus, 88o macellaria, facultative parasite, 83o-3I;egg,832-3;larva,833- Coccinella, C. californica, number I03I 8, 834, 835, 836, 838; larval of aphids eaten by larva, 883; Cochliotheca, larval case, II09i stage, loss of, 832; hyper• C. distincta, life-history, 884; parthenogenesis, I I IOj C. helix metamorphosis, 835; segmental C. novonotata, number of ( = crenulella var. helix), 6 glands in larva, 838; pupa, eggs; 883; C. septempunctata, ovarioles a side, I086 838-9; classification, 839-903; adult, 882; two abdominal Cochyiidae,11 :zo key to suborders, 839-40; ganglia, 83o; larva, abdominal Cockroaches, see Dictyoptera affinities, 42&-,; literature, ganglia concentrated, 8 38 Blattaria 904-2I; in nests ofFormicidae, Coccinellidae, 88:z; eggs, 882; cocoon, in Dipterous larvae, 977; 1242-3; predator: Crabroninae, gnathal glands, 829; larvae, in Lepidopterous larvae, I098 I 2 5 I; parasites: of adults, 882;pupa,838,839 cocoon-cutter, in Lepidoptera, Dexiinae, I03Ii Sarcophaginae, Coccinellinae, mandibles, 882 IIOI I030i of larvae, Coccoidea, 725; abdominal seg• Cocos (coconut), Dynastes rhin• Ichneumonidae, I209i ments, 689; agricultural pests, oceros, a pest of, 86 I; Proctotrupidae, I 226 679; antenna! segments, male, premature fall, caused by Coleorrhyncha, 703 682; crumena, 682, 727; filter• Coreidae, 739-40; Coleoscytidae, 702 chamber, 693; ventral ganglia Rhynchophorus fe"ugineus, a Colias, Clouded Yellows, II29 all fused, 697; instars, 3 in pest of, 90I Collembola, 461; anatomy exter- female, 4 in male, 702; Cocytius, I I39 nal, 46I-6; anatomy internal, Malpighian tubules usually 2, Codling moth, see Cydia pomon- 466-8; development and 694; mouthparts male ella biology, 468-9; affinities, 42 I- atrophied, 679; mycetocytes COE, IOI6,IOI9,I049 3, 469; classification, 469--7I; sometimes in gut wall or coE, in Oldroyd eta/., 99I food of, 46 I; literature, 4 7 I -5; fat-body, 700; ovarioles very Coelioxys, species inquilines, swarming by, 469--70; termito• numerous, 698; all transitions I225, I257 philous species, 470, 630; from oviparity to viviparity, Coelopidae, 1038 Microstigmus, a predator, 125Ii 700; ovipositor wanting, 689; Coelosia (Dynastinae), Mydas Stenus, a predator, 855-6 'pupa' as last male instar, 702; larva, predator of, I005 COLLESS,995, 1020,1049,1051 relations to Aphidoidea, 762; Coenagriidae, 511 Colletes, 1255; Epeolus, parasite rostrum short, stylets long, 684; Coenagrioidea, characters, 51 1 of, 1258; Bombylius, parasite salivary gland with up to 8 Coenagrion, flight feeble, 495; of, 1009 lobes, 695; spiracles, 69I; testis pronymph, 503,511; C. puella, Colletidae, 1255; mouthparts, with I follicle, 699; wax-glands 495 II80 usually multicellular, 696; Coenomyia, antennae abnormal COLLETT, I083, II47 wings absent in female, present for Brachycera, 997; in S. COLLIER, 635 or absent in ~nate, 687; tended Europe, 999 COLLIN, 1003, IOII, 1024, 1037, by Formicidae, I24Ii parasites: Coenosiinae, I027 1040, 1045. 1049 Eunotinae, I223i Eupe/mus, COFFAIT, 856, 907 COLLYER,735,754 I224i Thysanus, I224i Coffee, Retia/a, pest of, 706; Colobaea, makes calcareous predators: Blastobasis, II I3i Diarthrothrips coffeae, pest of, septum in front of puparium, Brachytarsus, 897; 789 1039 Chamaemyia, I02Ij Chrysopa, COHEN, 6o2 Colobathristidae, 738 8o7; Cybocephalus, 879; COLE,978, I049 Coloninae, in Ascomycetes, 853 Coniopterygidae, 799; Coleophora, I I 12; larval cases, Colorado potato beetle, see Coccinellidae, 882; Eublemma, I093 Leptinotarsa decemlineata I I44i Hyperaspis, 883; Laetilia, Coleophoridae, 1112 Colotois pennaria, larval leg on II22j Leucopis, I02I, Coleoptera, 816; anatomy, exter• 5th abdominal segment, I 132 Sericoderus, 882; Spalgis, II28- nal, 8I7--27; abdomen, 825, colour-changes, in Phasmida, 566 9i Stathmopoda, II I3 826, (Karumiidae) 873; colour, of Lepidopterous larvae, Coccus hesperidum, larva, 727 anatomy, internal, 827-32; partly determined by light, cochineal, see Dactylopius alimentary canal, 828; cir• 1093; by population-density, Cochlidiidae, see Limacodidae culatory system, 83o; nervous II44 Cochlidion, II I7 system, 829-30i reproductive Columba, Columbicola Cochliomyia, cause of secondary system female, 832, 833; (Mallophaga) on, 658, 659, INDEX 1297

66o; Goniocotes (Mallophaga) Soo; life-history, Soo; wings, to Antestia, the host, 926 on,6s8 799 Coriscus, 7 40 Columbidae, Mallophaga on, 666 COOK, E. F., 974, 1049 corium, in fore wing of Columbicola, on Columbidae, 466; COOK, M. T., 1215, 1266 Heteroptera, 686 C. colombae, on pigeons, 6s8; COOK, S. F., 628, 636 Corixa, 747, 744; respiration, duration of instars, 664; site on COOPER,938,939, 1203,1266 stridulation, tympanal organ, host, 66o COPE,647,649,6Ss,66I,667 747-8; C. punctata, oviposi• Colydiidae, 885; adult with Copeognatha, see Psocoptera tion, 747 epiphytes, 900 Copidosoma, polyembryonic Corixidae, 7 47; male foretarsus COMMON, 427,428, 1073, 1076, development, 1224 for gripping female, 689; head 1102, 1105, 1108, 1139. 1149 Copium, 731 very specialized, labium 1- or CompSI!ura, eggs laid in host, COPPEL,639 2-segmented, 684; pedal 1032; larval connection with Coppers, see Lycaenidae stridulating organs, 690; tarsal host-spiracle, 1033; C. concin• Coprinae, larval 'hump' accom- epidermal glands, 689 nata, thorax, 96o modates caecum, 837 Corixoidea, 7 47 Compsocidae, 653 Copris, larva with large caecum, Corizidae, see Rhopalidae Compsoctenidae, I I 10 837; maternal care, 833, 862; Corizus, 7 40 COMSTOCK, J. A., 1142, II SO C. hispanus, female rearing two cornicles, 718 COMSTOcK, J. H., 823, 962, 1080, generations, 862; C. lunaris, CORNNVELL,S92,602 1101, 1104, 1184, 1266 mid intestine, 827 Corotoca termitophilous, 630, Comstock-Kellogg glands in Copromorphidae, I 1 I 4 s56 Acrididae, S42 Copromorphoidea, 1108, II I 4 corpora allata, effect on develop• Comys, see Encyrtus Coptosoma scutellatum, 740 ment in lsoptera, 624; hyper• CONCI, SIO, SIS Coptosomatidae, see trophy in queen, 617 Conchaspididae, 729 Plataspididae corpus, in Collembola, 464 Conchuela, see Chlorochroa ligata Coptotermes, 634; large frontal Corrodentia, see Psocoptera CONDE,449.4S0,4SI,4S2,4S8, gland, 612, 62o; nest, 631 Corydalidae, 795 4S9 Cora, 5IJ; nymph with lateral Corydalis, 796; eggs, 79S; larva, CONDIT, 1220, 1266 gills, SIO, SI3 796; larval head, 794 conglobate gland, of Blattaria, Coranus subapterus, 690 Corylophidae, 882; small size, S9S CORBET, A. S., 1073, II SO 8I7; maxillary mala, 8t8 Congo floor-maggot, see CORBET, P. S., 487,489, 49S, 496, Corynetes, on carcases, 877; preys Auchmeromyia S04, SIS, SI6 on Anobium, 877 Coniopterygidae, 799; larvae of, CORBET, S. A., 1097, II SO Corynoneura celeripes, parthen• 791}-800 corbicula, 1187; presence in ogenetic, 991 Coniopterygoidea, 799 Apoidea, I2SS COSENS, I2IS, 1266 conjunctivitis, transmission of, Cordilura, habits, I02S Cosmopterygidae (Momphidae) 1043 Cordulegaster, 5 I 4; male genitalia, III] CONNOLD,99S, 1~66 soo; c. boltonii, 494; mouth- Cosmopteryx, 1113 Cononotidae, 887 parts, 498 Cossidae, I I I 5; crop, 1084; free Conopia scoliaeformis, 14 ovarioles Cordulegasteridae, 5 I 4; lateral abdominal segments in pupa, a side, 1086 valves of ovipositor vestigial, I too; no tympanal organ, 1082; Conopidae, I043; nervous system S02; nymphal gill, S09 pupal maxillary palps absent, less concentrated in adult than Cordulegasteroidea, 514 1099; wing-venation, 108o-8t, larva, 967; larvae parasitic, 970; Cordulephya, wings raised in IllS parasitic on ants, 1243 repose, SI3 Cossoidea, I I I 5 Conops, parasite of Aculeate Cordulia, 5 I 4 Cossus, 4th and sth abdominal Hymenoptera, 1043 Corduliidae, 5 I 4 ganglia fused, toSs; larva, Conotrachelus, stridulation, 827 Cordylobia anthropophaga, 1031; terminal ganglia, 1097; larval CONRADIE, 637 causes cutaneous myasis, 971 anatomy, 1097; larval stage, Contarinia, circumfili on anten• Cordyluridae (Cordiluridae), see duration, 1116 nae, 996; larva capable of Scatophagidae COSTA LIMA, 948, 1227, 1266 jumping, 996; C. pyrivora, pest Coreidae, 739 costal spines, in Lepidopterous of pears, 971, 99S; larva, 997; Coreoidea, 739; chemical nature wing-coupling, 1081 lnostemma, a parasite of, 1228; of defensive secretion, 696 COTES, 1136 C. tritici, see wheat midges Corioxenoidea, 928 Cothonaspis rapae, parasite of Conwentzia psociformis, larva, Corioxenos, triungulins jump on Erioischia brassicae, 1217 INDEX

COTT,788,790 CRESSON, scheme of wing• Cryptophagidae, 88o COTTERELL, I025, I050 venation, II84 Cryptophagus, feeding on fungi or Cotton, Anthonomus grandis, a Cretatermes, 425, 633 in nests of bees or wasps, 88o pest of, 90 I; Cricetomys (Rodentia), host of Cryptophasa, I I I4 Caliothrips on, 782; Hemimerus, 579 Cryptostemmatidae, see Empoasca, a pest of, 7I3; crickets, see Orthoptera, Dipsocoridae Dysdercus, stains bolls, 739; Gryllidae Cryptotermes, nest, 63 I Franklinie//a on, 782; crickets, water, see Veliidae Cryptothrips, 789 Oxycarenus hyalinipennis, a Criocerinae, 895 ctenidia, in Polyctenidae, 734; in pest of, 737; Tectocoris dioph• Crioceris asparagi, on asparagus, Siphonaptera, 944 thalmus, a pest of, 74I 895; Tetrastichus asparagi, par• Ctenocephalides, ctenidia, 944; Cotton boll worm, see Heliothis asite of, I 224 life-history, 943; C. canis, on Cotton boll weevil, see CRISP, 69I, 745, 746, 778 dog, 943; C. jelis, on cat, Anthonomus grandis Croce filipennis, 8w; larva, 811; 943 Cotton stainers, see Dysdercus life-history, 8Io Ctenolepisma, 44I; growth, 439; Cotton stainer, Egyptian, see crochets, arrangement of, on number of moults, 439; Oxycarenus hyalinipennis Lepidopterous prolegs, 1091 reproductive organs male, 438; Cotton worm, see Aleria Croesus varus, parthenogenetic, C. lineata, 433; C. lon• COTTON, 886 1206 J(icaudata, 433, 439 COUTANT, I03I, I050 crop (Diptera), see food- Ctenomorphodes, phase-changes, COURTURIER,7II,754 reservoir 566--7 coxal cavities, in Coleoptera, crop (Lepidoptera), 1084 Ctenophora, larva, 980 820 CROSBY, 735,754, IOI2, I056 Ctenucha, pupa, I I42 Crabro (s.l.) habits, I25I CROSSKEY,484,489,989, I050, Ctenuchidae, I I 42;resemblance Crabroninae, habits, I25I; larvae, I207, I2I3, 1266 to Zygaenidae, I I I7 125I; sting with an accessory Crossotarsus, 963 cubital cells (Hymenoptera), see poison gland, II 89; thoracic CROWSON, 422,427,428, 8I7, 82I, submarginal cells ganglia, I I93 839,847,853 ,863,866,868, Cubitermes, soldier head and Crabs, land, Drosophila, living 872,873,876,877,878,879, mandibles, 6o8 with, I022 88o,88I,884,885,887,888, Cuckoo-spit insects, see CRAGG,966,970, IOOI, I050, I064 895,898,9o7,9o8,9IJ,922, Cercopoidea CRAIGHEAD, 839, 86I, 864, 870, 929 Cucujidae, 88o; larva, 835 88I,886,888,894,906,907 CRUMB, 580, II44, 1150 Cucujoidea, 850, 878; larvae, Crambidae, see Pyralidae crumena, in Coccoidea, 682, 727; 834 Crambinae, I I 2 I in Aradoidea, 737 cucumber, Trialeurodes, a pest of, Crambus, I I22 CRUTCHFIELD, 658, 667 7I5 CRAMPTON, 534, 535, 643, 645, Cryphia, I I44 Cucurbitaceae, A nasa, a pest of, 933, 95I, 955, 96I, 964, Cryptinae, see Hemitelinae 739; Epilachna, a pest of, 884 I050 Cryptocephalus, 896 Culex, larval anatomy, 983; larval Cramptonomyiidae, 993 Cryptocerata, see Hydrocorisae brain in head, 977; mouth• Cranefly, see Tipulidae Cryptocercus, food dead wood parts, 955; resting attitude, CRANHAM, 735, 754 with aid of symbiotic protozoa, 1}86; spermathecae 3, 967; Cranopygia, 578 596; resemblance to vesicula seminalis, 969; C. CRANSTON,682,754 Mastotermes, 633-4; subsocial, pipiens, eggs, 984; larva and CRAUFORD-BENSON,658,667,675, 596 pupa, 984; C. pzpiens fatigans, 677 Cryptocheilus, stinging spiders, transmission of Wuchereria, CRAWFORD,689,7I4,754 I246 987 crawlers, first stage nymph of Cryptochetidae, I 020 Culicidae, 983-7; anatomy, 983; Coccoidea Cryptochetum iceryae, parasite of blood-suckers, 95 I; feeding in CRAWSHAY,870,894,907 I eery a, I 020 female, 985; Malpighian tub• CREGAN, IOI2, I050 Cryptococcus fagi, 726 ules 5, 966; mid intestine, 966; Cremifannia, status, IOJ9 Cryptogastra (gastrous), see mouthparts, 955, 956--7; oeso• Cremaster, I I oo Symphiogastra phageal diverticula, 965; palpi Cremastochilini, in nests of ants Cryptolechia tentonfore//a, head stiff, porrect, 979; pharyngeal and termites, 86I with labial palp, 1108 pump, 965; postnotum of Creophilus, abdominal ganglia, cryptonephric Malpighian tub• mesothorax, 959; salivary 830 ules, in Coleoptera, 829 glands, 966; transmission of INDEX 1299

disease, 985; egg-rafts, 970; Cuterebra, I 029 Cynips quercusfolii, two larva: anal gills extract chloride Cuterebridae, I 029 abdominal ganglia, I I93 ions, 976; caudal gills tracheal, CUTTEN,983, IOSO Cynthia (Vanessa), larva spinning 976; Malpighian tubules 5, cut-worms, see Agrotis leaves together, I093; C. car• 976; posterior spiracle on CUYLER,796,8I2 dui, very widely spread, I I27 penultimate segment, 975; Cybocephalus, 879 Cyphoderidae, 47I; includes lung-like structure in larva, cyclopiform larva, I I97, II99 many myrmecophilous and 975; larval head fully formed, Cyclopodia greeffi, I037 termitophilous species, 4 7 I 97I; phoresy of Mallophaga by Cyclorrhapha, 978, 979, IOI 2; Cyphoderris, 5 45 adult, 658; swarms of adults abdominal segments, number Cyphoderus, in ants' nests, I242 preyed on by Odonata, 495; of, 964; air sacs, 969; alimen• Cyphostethus, 7 4I larvae eaten by Odonatan tary canal, 965; arista, 954; Cyphus, brilliant colour, 900 nymphs, 504 circumverse hypopygium, 964; Cypselosomatidae, IOJ7 Culicinae, larval habits, 985 clypeus, 953; Malpighian tub• Cyrtidae, see Acroceridae Culicoidea, 983 ules, 966; mid intestine, 966; Culicoides, lacks proventriculus, mouthparts, 957, 958; pleuron, 965; larva aquatic, 990; 2 96I; proventriculus, 965; DAANJE, 898,908 Malpighian tubules, 966; suck ptilinum, 953; pulvilli, 962; Dacnonypha, uo3, IIo5; cloacal vertebrate blood, 989 thorax, 96I; ventriculus, 966; opening, 1087; exarate pupa, CULLEN,746,754 wing, branches of Rs, 962; I IOO; Microlepidoptera, I IOI; CUMBER, I260, I267 larva, 978, 972; acephalous, pupal mandibles, I099 CUMMINGS, 746, 754 97 I; antenna, 972; alimentary Dacnusa, I2I2 cuneus, in fore wing of canal, 976; cephalo-pharyngeal Dactylopiidae, 728 Heteroptera, 686 skeleton, 972-3; spiracle, pos• Dacty/opius, 728; D. coccus, Cupedidae, 84o; hind wing, 824 terior often on segment I 2, 97 s; source of cochineal, 728 Cupes latreillei, 847 Malpighian tubules usually Dacus, I045; male accessory Cupressus, Phenacoleachia on, 729 joined in pairs, 976; ganglion, glands I6 tubules, ejaculatory Curculio, mandibles, 8I8; sexual only one, 976; brain in meta• sac very large, 969; number of dimorphism in rostrum, 900 thorax, 977; instars, only 3, abdominal segments, 964; two Curculionidae, 899; abdominal 977; pupal spiracles on anterior spermathecae, 967; D. cucur• ganglia, 83o; eggs, sites of, processes, 977 bitae, I045; D. tsuneonis, 832-3; gizzard, 827; hind Cyclotornidae, I I I8 anatomy, I045 wings often wanting, 823; Cycnodidae, see Elachistidae Daddy-long-legs, see Tipulidae larva, 833, 835; larval anten• Cydia, head and labial palp, II08; Daihinia, 545 nae, 835; larval palpi, 836; C. molest a, pest of fruit in Daldinia concentrica, food of source of pupa-hardening U.S.A., III9; C. pomonella, Biphyllus, 88I secretion, 838; spiracles, I I I9; larval silk-glands, I096 DALLAl, 462, 472 8th reduced, 83I; stridulat• Cydnidae, 74I DALLA TORRE, VON, I200, I2I4, ory organs, 827; testes, Cylasformicarius, on Sweet I267 83I potatoes, 899 Dalsira bohndorffi, gut with a kind Curculionoidea, 849, 897; epis• Cylindrachetidae, 554; eyes of filter-{;hamber, 693 toma, 8I8; cruciform larvae, reduced, 538; hind legs not DALY, u83, 1267 mala, 8I8; pleural sulci absent, enlarged, fore legs fossorial, Damalinia, 665 8zo; rostrum, 8 I8; tarsi, 822; 539; ovipositor lost, 540 DAMOISEAU, 899, 908 wing-venation, 825; usually Cylindrococcidae, 729 Danainae, I I 25; male brush- apodous, 834; predator on, Cylindrotoma, biology, 980 organs, I084; scent-organ on Cerceris, I 254; parasites of, Cylindrotominae, 980 wil}gs, I079 some Scoliidae, 1232; Anaphes Cymatophoridae, see Thyatiridae Danaus, I 125; anatomy, Io88; conotracheli, on eggs, I 22 5 Cymbidae, see Chloeophorinae heart, 1085; hypopharynx, CUSHMAN, I203, I2IO, I267, I276 Cynipidae, I 2I 4; no cocoon, I074; proboscis, I074; D. CURRAN, 978, 1050 I zoo; parthenogenesis, II 77 gilippus, pheromones and their currant borer, American, see Cynipinae, biology, I2I2 perception, I us; D. plexippus, Synanthedon salmachus Cynipoidea, 1 2I 4; many vegetar• section of pupal wing, 1078; currants, Plesiocoris rugicollis, on, ian, I 207; about one half are section of scale, 1078 735 parasitic, II77; British, I207; Daphnis nerii, I I39 CURRIE, 939 egg usually with pedicel, I I95; DARLINGTON, 873, 908 Curtonotidae, I022 parthenogenesis, I I77 DARNHOFER-DEMAR, 744, 754 1300 INDEX

DARWIN, 825 Delia antiqua, see Onion fly Dexiinae, IOJI Dascillidae, 863; superlinguae in DELJGNE, 6I9, 636 Dialeurodes citri, 7 I 5 larva, 836 DELL, 982, 1050 Diamma, I233 Dascilloidea, 848, 862 DELLA BEFFA, I088, II 50 Diamond-back moth, see Plutella DASHMAN, 688, 754 DELONG,7I2,7I3,754,755 maculipennis D'ASSIS FONSECA, I027, I050 DELOTT0,728,755 Diamphipnoa, 528 Dasyhelea, 990 Delphacidae, 705; alary polymor• Diamphipnoidae, 528, 530; Dasyleptus, 423 phism, 688; effects of Elenchus primitive Plecoptera, 527 Dasyneura, 996; D. ulmariae, on, 928; oviduct often secretes Diamphipnopsis, .)28 Synopeas rhanis, parasite of, substance which covers eggs, diapause, in eggs and nymphs of 1228 698; parasitized by Plecoptera, 527 Dasyonygidae, 665 Strepsiptera, 922,928 Diapria conica, host, 1226 Dasyphora pratorum, viviparity, DELUCCHI, I224, I267 Diapriidae, 1226; apterous 968 DEMOLL, II82, I267 species, I I8S Dasypoda, 1256 DEMOULIN,485,486,489 Diapus furtivus, transfer of fungal Dasysyrphus tricinctus, IOI7 DEMPSTER, 553, 556 spores, 903 Datana (Notodontidae) cocoon- Dendroctonus, larval crop absent, Diarthrothrips coffeae, 789 cutter, I IOI gizzard present, 837; adult Diaspididae, 729; eggs enclosed DAUBERSCHMIDT, 1085, II50 larva, pupa, 901; pheromone beneath female scale, 726; DAVIDSON, 468,472, 684, 723, 754 promoting mass-attack, 903; female accessory glands want• DAVIES, D. M., 988, 1050 sex-pheromone attracting ing, 699; heart apparently DAVIES, R. G., 576, 579, 580, 695, Clerid predator, 877 absent, 697; mid intestine a 725,749,750,787,790 dengue, transmission of, 985 closed sac, 693; Aphelininae, DAVIES, W. M., 467, 472 DENIS,46I,462,472,645 parasites of, I224 DAVIS, A. C., 537, 545, 556 dentate sclerite, 973 Diaspis pentagona, Prospa/tella DAVIS, C., 589, 590 dentes, in Collembola, 466 berlesei parasite of, I224 DAVIS, D. R., II05, II07, I IIO, DEORAS,579,580 Diastata, 1023 II 50 Deporaus betulae, 898 Diataraxia oleracea, I 145 DAVIS, N. T., 686,690, 700, 73I, Depressaria, I II3; D. heracliana, Diatraea sacchara/is, I I22 732,738,754,755 see Agonopterix Dicellurata, 451 DAVIS, R., 862, 910 Derbidae, 705 Dichentomidae, 651 DAVIS, R. E., 723, 780 Dermaptera, 424, 572; affinities dichoptic eyes, 952 DAY, C. D., I032, I050 and phylogeny, 577; anatomy, DICKENS, I073, I ISO DAY, M. F., 6o2, 764 external, 572-4; internal, 574- DICKERSON,685,755,766 Death-watch beetle, see 6; life-history and postembry• Dicranocephalus, 7 40 Xestobium onic growth, 576-7; classifica• Dicranomyia, 980 DEAY, 598, 603 tion, 577-1}; literature, 57~2; Dicranota, larval brain in pro• DEBAUCHE, 1225, 1267 resemblances to thorax, 977; larval habits, 98o; DECOURSEY,702,754 Grylloblattoidea, 425, 577; larval heart without chambers, decticous pupa, Lepidoptera, usually 4 nymphal instars, 576 976; larval posterior spiracle on IIOO Dermatobia, cutaneous myiasis, segment I2, 975; larval DEFOSSE, 505, 5I6 97I; myiasis of cranial cavities, pseudopods, 974; tracheal gills, Degeeriella, 666 97I; D. hominis, 1029 976 DEGRANGE,480,489,525,530 Dermestes, 873-4 Dicranura cocoon, I098; fluid for pE GRYSE, 786, 790, I09Q, II 50 Dermestidae, 873; ocellus, 8I8; softening cocoon, IIOI, II4I; Deilephila e/penor, pupal emer- larvae, 834 larva, repugnatorial gland, I I4I gence, IIOI Derrnestoidea, 849, 873 Dictyopharidae, 706 Deinacrida, 545 Derodontidae, 87 4 Dictyoptera, 425, 592; anatomy, Deinelenchus, rows of 3-8 genital DESCAMPS, I038, I050 external, 592-4; internal, 595- pores, 925 Desmometopa, I042 6; biology and postembryonic DELAMARE-DEBOUTTEVILLE, 4 7I, DESNEUX, 634, 636 development, 596-9; affinities 472,630,636,643,645 DESPAX, 527, 530 and phylogeny, 599; classifica• DELANY, 439,440, 44I, 442,444, DESSART, 1225, I273 tion, 591}-60I; literature, 6oi-S 452 DETHIER, I090, II50 Dictyopterus, abdominal ganglia, DELEURANCE-GLAcyON, 832, 853, Deuterophlebia, 988 830 908 Deuterophlebiidae, g88; pupal Dicyrtoma, 471; D.fusca, vestiges DELFINADO, 678, I050 spiracular gill, 977 of tracheae, 467 INDEX IJOI

Dicyrtomidae, 471 Dipsocoroidea, 735 Dixidae, 983 Didymuria, phase-changes, 56fr7 Diptera, 951; anatomy, external, DIXON, 718, 755 Dielocerus, 1205 951--65; abdomen, 964-5; Dizygomyza, see Phytobia DIERCKX,829,908 antennae, 954; chaetotaxy, DOBSON, 599, 6o2 DIERL, 1110, 1150 961---z; head, 952, 953; legs, Dociostaurus, 553; method of digestion, external, in Dytiscidae, 962; mouthparts, 954---9, 955, hatching, 543 845--6; in Lampyridae, 871 956, 957; tentorium, 959; Docophoroides, brain U-shaped, Digonochaeta, first stage larva thorax, 959--61, 96o; wings, 662; digestive system, 663 finds host, 1032 963-4; anatomy, internal, 965- IXlCTERS VAN LEEUWEN, 843,908 Di/ar, ovipositor, 794 70; alimentary canal, 965--6; DODD, 1128, 1150 Dilaridae, 8o1 heart, 969; labial glands, 966; DODSON, 1087, 1150 Ditta, 440 nervous system, 96fr7; DOEKSEN, 783, 790 DIMMOCK, 844, 908, 954, 959, reproductive system, 967---9, DOERING,7o6,7o8,755 1050 968; salivary glands, 966; DOERR, 981 dimorphic workers, in lsoptera, tracheal system, 969-70; DOFLEIN, 1238 618 anatomy, literature on, 970; dog, Ctenocephalides canis on, dimorphism in Zoraptera, 643 eggs, 970; larvae, 970--'77, 972, 943; Heterodoxus spiniger, on, Dinarda, in nests of Formica, 856 973, 974, 975; pupa, 977; larvae 665; Trichodectes canis on, 66o Dindymus sangineus, with 9 instars and pupae, literature on, 977- DOLE21L, 1019, 1051 (including adult}, 702; life• 8; classification, 978-1046; affi• dolichaster, 809 history, 739 nities, 426; fossil, 1013-14; Dolichoderinae, collecting honey• DINGLER, 728,755 characters shared with dew, 1241 Dinidoridae, 7 41 Mecoptera, 938; with Dolichopoda, 545 Dinocras, 529; wing- Siphonaptera, 941, 946; at• Dolichopodidae, 1011; discal cell dimorphism, 523; number of tacked by Strepsiptera, 922; wanting, 997; hypopygium cir- nymphal moults, 526 literature, 104fr71 cumversion, 965, 1011; larva Dinoderus, 875 directing tube, of spinning appar• with 11 postcephalic ganglia, Dinapsinae, 1213 atus in Lepidopterous larvae, 976; larva may make a cocoon, Dinarda, 1242 1096 977, 998; nervous system, 967; Dinogamasus, 1258 Dirofilaria immitis, transmission some larvae with pupal spir• Dinotaperla, 528 of, 987 acular gill, 977 DINULESCU, 1028, 1029, 1050 DIRSH,540,542,543,549,551, Dolichovespula, see Vespula Diopsidae, 1038 553.556 Dolichopus, absence of lacinia, Diopsoidea, 1038 Discolomidae, 884 955; pupa in earthen cocoon, Dioptidae, I I 4I DISNEY, 989, 1050 1012; D. popularis, adult, 1011 Dioxys, 1257 dispersal flights, in Aphidioidea, Dolichurus, 1253 Diplatys, 578; cerci segmented in 719; in Cicadellidae, 713; in DOMENICHINI, 1187, 1267 nymph, 576 Thysanoptera, 783 Donacia, 895; abdominal ganglia, Diplocoe/us fagi, 881 DISfANT, 704, 710, 730, 755 83o; cryptonephric Malpighian Diplopoda, Phengodids, prey on, Distantie/la theobroma, 735 tubules, 829 871; termitophilous, 630 Ditomyia, larva with 9 pairs of Donaciinae, larva aquatic, 895, Diploptera, 6oo; ovarioles 6, 595; spiracles, 994 larval respiration in air-vessels reproductive system female, Ditrysia, 1102-3, 1107; genital of plants, 895 598; tegmina like elytra, 594; openings, female, 1087, 1088; Donaconethis, relatively primitive D. punctata, viviparous, 597 microtrichia usually absent, venation, 586 Diplura, 421-3, 444; anatomy, 1077; musculature, cervical DONER, 421, 431 extemal444--'7; internal, 447- and thoracic, 1088; ovipositor DONISTHORPE, 884, 896, 908, 8; biology and postembryonic sclerotized, 1084; phylogeny, 1177, 1242, 1244, 1267 development, 449; affinities, 1102; pulsatile organ usually Dor beetle, see Geotrupes 449-50; classification, 45o-51; present in the thorax, 1085; Dorcus, divided eyes, 818; ovar• literature, 451-3 thoracic skeleton, 1088; vena• ioles, 832 Diprion pini, 1205 tion, 1080 Doronomyrmex, social parasite of Diprionidae, 1205 Diura, 529; Diura bicaudata, egg• Leptothorax, 1244 Dipseudopsidae, larval habits, diapause, 527 Doryctes, anatomy, 1178; 2 large 1171 Dixa, 983; lung-like structure in ovarioles, 1195; 4 rectal papil• Dipsocoridae, 736; embolium, larvae, 975 lae, 1191; stomach partly 686 DIXEY, 1079 atrophied, 1191 I J02 I NDEX

Dorylinae, biology, 12.38--9; car• DUFOUR,796,8o9,81:z,8J1,909, EADY, 1214, 1267 nivorous, 12.39; peculiar male, 970, 1051 £arias, 114s; £. insulana, 12.36; mimetic associates, 12.42.; Dufourea, 1256 Egyptian Cotton Boll Worm, large sting, 12.35; Dulichius inflarus, mimics I 14S Staphylinidae, as guests of, 8s6 Polyrhachis spiniger earwigs, see Dermapten Doryloxenus, 630 (Formicidae), 679 EASSA, I07S, IISI Dory/us, eyes absent, 1178 Duliricola, 873 EASTHAM, 481 , 489, 1075, 1151 , DOSCKOCIL, 1049 dulosis, see slavery 1226, 1267 Douglasiidae, rrr r DUMBLETON, I lOS, I 106, I ISO EASTOP,722,756,764 DOUTT, 1224, 1Z2S, 1264, 12.67 DUNBAR, 989, 1051 EATON, 1073, IISO, 11 51 DOWNES, 956, 1051 DUNCAN, I 178, 1193, 1267 ecdysis, frequency in DOYEN,886,909 DUNGElt, 468, 472 Lepidopterous larvae, 1094 Dngonnies, see Odonata DUNN, J. A., 722, 7S6 ecdysone, effects on developmen ORAK£, 703, 731, 736, 738, 7#. DUNN, L. H., IO:ZS, 1051 in lsopten, 624 755 Dunstaniidae, 702 Ecdyonuridae, see Heptageniida Draptris (Empididae), larva Duomirus, 1115 Ecdyonurus. 486; eggs, 48o; E. makes a cocoon, 998 DUPONT-RAABF-,566,569 t'tnosus, nymph active at nigh1 DRASL.AR, 689, 756 DUPORT£,817,909, 1073,1097, 484 DRENKELFORT,477,489 11 50 Edridnophaga, 947 Drepana, IIJ2,1arva spinning DUPUIS, 689, 741,756, IOJJ, 1051 Edrinomyia, first stage larva find leaves together, 1093 DURRANT, II 53 host, 1032; prey of Bembix, Drepanidae, rrJr DUTHIOT, 775 1253; E.fera, primary sheath Drepanosiphon, 717; Endaphis, DYAR,98],987, IOS6, 1092,1097, oflarva, 1032 predator on, 995; D. plaran• 1102, I 116, 11 17, I 136, 1151 Echinophthiriidae, 676 oidis, 719 DYBAS,85J,909,918 Echinophrhirius, 67s; on DREYLING, 12.62., 1267 Dynasus hercules, 816-17 Pinnipedia, 672 Drilidae, 870 Oynastinae, sexual dimorphism, Echinosoma,s78 Drilus flavtsans, 870 861; stridulating organs, 861 Efhrhrodtlphax fairchildi Driver ants, see Dorylinae Dysaphis, 717; D. craraegi, rate of (Dryinidae), adult, 1230 drone, see A pis, male reproduction, 71.1. Eciron, eyes absent, 1 178; length Drosophila, biology of, tozz; D. Dyuhirius, fossorial kgs, 841 of raiding columns, 1239; mtlanogas/er, haltere replaced Dysdercus, cotton stainers, 678, SrylogffS/rr, associating with, by wing, 963 68o, 739; D. cingula/us, 68o; 1043; Calodexia, associating wi Drosophilidae, ton preyed on by Harpac/or, 733, IOJI Drosophiloidea, 1022 739; D. sulphurellus, in Edron burchelli, see drumming, in mating of America, 739 Neivamyrmtx nigresuns Plecoptera, 524 Dysodiinae, see Mezirinae Eciromyia, 1014 DRUMMOl'.'D, 446, 452 OYT£, 1009, 1051 ecomorphosis, in Collembola, 46: Dryinidae, t2JO; affinities uncer• Dytiscidae, Caraphracrus cinaus, ectadenia, in Coleoptera, 832 tain, 12.29, 124s; effects on pansite of eggs of, 1225 Eaoumus cinnamonii hosts, 1177; lsmarus par.~site Dytiscidae, 845; defensive glands, (Brenthidae), male, head of, n:z6; spiracles on gastral 829; galea, 818; gizzard, 8z7; female, 898 tergite 7, 1:z:z9; sting an hind legs, 8:z:z; male fore tarsi Ectognatha, 42 3 ovipositor, 1:zoo expanded, 823, 845; mid-gut Ectobiinae, tertiary fossils, 599, Dryopidac, 86s caeca, 827; muscles of hind 6oo Dryopoidea, 848, 864 wing, variation in, 823; rectal Ecrobitts, 6oo; Brnchygasrer mirt• Dryops, 866 pouch, 829; larva, alimentary ura, a parasite of, 1213; £. Dryomyzidae, 1038 canal, 837; feeding, 84s; mand• lapponicus, life-<:ycle, 598 ducks, Mallophaga on, 659, ibles, 835-6; superlinguae, ectohormones, see pheromones 666 836 Eaopsocus, 654, £. briggsi, over• ductus seminalis, in Lepidopten, Dyrisrus, colletcrial gb.nds, 832; winters as nymphs and adults, lo87 section of elytron, 82.4; D. 6s• DUCKWORTH, I 114, I ISO marginalis, 845; alimentary ectospermalege, 699 Dudgeonea, rudimentary tym• canal, adult and larvae, 828; Ectrephidae, 875 panum, 1116 labium, 82o; rectal pouch very EDMUNDS, G. F., 476, 478, 481, DUDICH, 825,909 large, 829; Prmwichia, parasite 48s,486,489 DUFFY, 894,909 of eggs, 1225 EDMUNDS, M., 597, 6oz INDEX 1303

EDWARDS, F. W., 96I, 965, 987, Elipsocus, 654 system, 967; some with pupal 990, 99I, 993, 995, IOOI, I036, E/is sexmacu/ata ( = interrupta), spiracular gill, 977 IOSI I232 Empidoidea, 1009 EDWARDS, G. A., 496, SI8, 535, 536 ELLIOTT, E. A., I2I3, 1267 Empis, mating habits, IOio; EDWARDS, J. G., 844, 909 ELLIOTT, J. M., 484, 490, 747, 756 antenna, 954; E. aerobatica, EDWARDS, J. S., 7I8, 753 ELLIS, 469, 4 72 male makes frothy balloon EDWARDS, L. J., 770, IOS8 Elmidae, 866; plastron respira- containing prey, IOIO; E. EDWARDS, W. H., I073, I094, liS I tion, 864 meridiona/is, metamorphoses, Edocla, sometimes male winged, ELOFSSON, 433, 442 101 1; E. trigramma, adult, IOIO female apterous and physoga• ELSE, 540, 556 Empoasca, 6 instars, 702; over• stric, 688 ELTRINGHAM, IOIO, I052, I073, winters as adult, 713; pest of EFFLATOUN, IOOI, I05I 1079. 1128,1134. II45. 1151, cotton, 7I3; E.fabae complex, Eggars, see Lasiocampidae 1165, 'I73 distinctions in male genitalia, EGGERS, 1082, I I 5 I elytra, in Coleoptera, 823 69o; migrations, 7I3 EGGERT, 527,530 Ematurga, crop, I084; 4th and empodium (Diptera), 962 egg-pore, in N europtera, 794 sth abdominal ganglia fused, Empretia stimu/ea, larva with eggs of Diptera, 970; of IoSs poisonous scoli, 11 17 Lepidoptera, 1089; numbers Embaphion (Tenebrionidae) larval Empusa, 6oi laid, 1089 mouthparts, 836 Empusidae, 6oi Eginiinae, I027 Embia, 585,586; E. major, EMSLEY, 736, 756 Egyptian Cotton Boll Worm, see mouthparts, s84; wings, 587; Ena//agma, sI I; respiration in £arias insulana E. ramburi, small colonies, 583; nymph, 5IO EICHELBAUM, 856, 909 E. tyrrhenia, wing-dimorphism Enarmonia pomone//a, see Cydia EICHLER, 658, 664, 667, I029, in male, 583 pomone//a I042, I05I Embiidae, 589 encystment, in Margarodes, 728 EIDE, 580 Embidopsocus, 6.53 Endaphis perfidus, predator on EIDMANN, 567, S69, 1087, liS I Embioptera, 424,583, 584; Drepanosiphon, 995 EISENBEIS, 464, 4 72 anatomy, external, 585-8; Encyrtidae, I 223 EISNER, 829, 873,904,909, 9I5 internal, 588--<); postembryonic Encyrtus, biology, 1224 ejaculatory apodeme in male development, 589; affinities ENDERLEIN,589, 590,649,655 Muscoids, 969 and phylogeny, 425, 589; clas• Ender/eine//us, attached to EKBLOM, 680, 684, 688, 7JO, sification, 58C)-9o; literature, Sciuridae, 670, 672 756 59Q-9I; colonial behaviour, Endomychidae, 884; stridulation, Elacatidae, 887 548; food, 584; reproduction, 826 E/achista, I 113 584-s; silk-glands, 584, s8s; Endomychus coccineus, 88-. Elachistidae, I I I 3 Sclerogibbidae, parasites of, endophallus in male Cicadidae, Elapheozygum, 740 I230 690; in Pentatomomorpha, Elaphroptera, I233 EMBLETON, I224, 1267 690 Elasmidae, I 225 Embolemidae, I 230 Endopterygote insects, 398, 422; Elasmodema, 733 embolium, in fore wing of monophyletic, 425 Elasmodemidae, 733 Heteroptera, 686 Endromididae, I I3S E/asmostethus, 74I Embolyntha batesi, silk glands, Endromis versicolor, 1135 E/asmucha, 74I; E. grisea, shows 584 Eneopterinae, .548 maternal care, 74I Embonycha, 590 ENGELHARDT, !III, II51 Elateridae, 868; ovarioles, 832; Embonychidae, 590 ENGLISH, 1005, I052 power of leaping, 868 EMDEN, F. I. VAN, 839, 842, 843, Enicocephalidae, 733; fore wing Elateroidea, 849, 868 844,859,862,87o,884,888, entirely membranous, 686 Elcysma, I 118 894, 899, 909, I032, I041, I052 ENOCK, 995, I052 Electroembia, 589 EMDEN, H. F. VAN, 7I9, 723, Enoicy/a, larva terrestrial, 1 I66; Elenchidae, 928 756 female wings reduced, 1 I64 E/enchus, 929; effects on EMERSON,428,624,627,63I,633, Ensifera, s 44; accessory glands, Delphacidae, 929 634,636 542;antennaelong, 538;eggs elephantiasis, transmission of, EMERY, C., I244, 1267 nearly always laid separately, 9SI, 987 EMERY, W. T., 1228, I270 542; gizzard strongly armed, elephants, Cobboldia, parasite of, Empididae, I009; discal cell 541; origin from Oedischiidae, I027; Mallophaga on, 666 sometimes wanting, 997; 543-4; prostate glands, 542; Elipsocidae, 654 mouthparts, 957; nervous salivary glands, large, 54 I 1304 INDEX

Entimus, 900 Ephestia, I I22; pest in flour• 1133; E. defoliaria, pupal wing• Entognatha ( =Diplura), 423, 469, mills, 11 22; function of larval cases, I099 468 mandibular gland, I097; E. Erasipteron, 424; earliest fossil Entomobrya, 47 I; furca elongate, cautella, pest of dried figs, I I 22 Odonate, SIO 466 Ephippigerinae, female stridula• Erebia, I 126 Entomobryidae, 470; long anten• tion, 546 Eremiaphila, 6oi nae,462 Ephoron, adult life a few hours, Eremiaphilidae, 601 Entomobryoidea, 470; with post• 476; subimaginal skin not shed, Ericerus pe-la, wax-production, antenna) organ, 462 477 729 ENTWISTLE, 735, 756 Epnylra millbrae, life-history, ERICHSON, 877,909 Eopteridium, a crustacean, I023; E. hians and E. califor• ERIKSEN, 48I, 490 424 nica, used as food, I023; E. Erinnidae, see Xylophagidae Eopterum, a crustacean, 424 riparia, anatomy oflarva, I023 Eriocephala, see Micropterix Eosentomidae, 458; abdominal Ephydridae, I023; sometimes Eriococcidae, 728 appendages, 456; tracheal apterous, 962; many larvae Eriococcus, 728 system, 457 aquatic, 970 Eriocrania, 1105; larva apodous, Eosentomoidea, 458 Epicauta vittata, larva feeds on I 092; mouthparts, I 07 5, I I04; Eosentomon, 458; development, eggs of Melonoplus, 890 pupal mandibles, I099 458; food, 455; tracheal system, Epicopeia polydora, larva, I I33; Eriocraniidae, 1105; wing- 45 1 rudimentary frenulum, 1134 coupling, I08I; Epallagidae, 5 I 3; nymph with Epicopeidae, see Uraniidae 'Palaeolepidoptera', II02 lateral gills, soB epicranial sulcus, in Coleoptera, Eriocranioidea, 1105 Epeolus, 1258 8I7; in Lepidoptera, I089 Erioischia, Cothonaspis rapae, a Epeorus, nymph, abdominal gills Epicypta, 995 parasite of, I2I7; E. brassicae, protected, 481 Epidapus, 962; larva rudimentary 1025; a serious pest, 97I Epermeniidae, I I I2 ocellus, 994; larva attacking Erioptera squalida, larva aquatic Ephemera, 487; some fly at night, potatoes, 99 5 and piercing roots to obtain attracted to light, 4 77; incuba• epididymis, in Gryllotalpidae, oxygen,980 tion of eggs, 48o; adult head, 542 Eriosoma, 7 I 7; cornicles reduced, 478; adult labium, 478; E pilachna, 882 7I8; heart apparently absent, nymph, burrows in mud, 481; Epilachninae, larval foods, 88z, 697; maxillary stylets not gills appear on 4th day, 484; 884 locked, 683; sexuales reduced their efficiency, 481; preyed on Epilampra, 596 and highly specialized, 72 I; by Odonate nymphs, 504; E. Epilampridae, 6oo wax glands segmentally ar• vulgata, 477 Epiophlebia, 495, SI3; external ranged, 697; with waxy Ephemerella, 487; eggs, 48o; egg anatomy, 496; hamuli as threads, 7I8; E. lanigerum, diapause, 483-4 intromittent organs, so I sexuales with one ovariole, 699; Ephemerellidae, 487 Epiophlebiidae, 513 on leaves, shoots and roots, Ephemeridae, 487 epipharynx (Diptera), see 7I7 Ephemeroidea, 487; nymphs, car• labrum, of Lepidoptera adults, Eristalis, wing venation, 10I7; rying Simuliid larvae, I073; in Hymenoptera, I I78 pupa, IOI9; larva causing 981) epiphysis, of Lepidopterous fore myiasis, IOI9; with Ephemeroptera, 476; anatomy leg, I077 pseudopods, 974; a rat-tailed external, 477--<); internal, 479- epiphytes on Coleoptera, 900 maggot, IOI9; with rectal 8o; oviposition and postembry• Epiplemidae, 1134 tracheal gills, 976; sapro• onic development, 48o; im• epipleura, in Coleoptera, 82 3 phagous, IOI7; prey of Bembix, mature stages, 48o-8 s; affi• Epipsocidae, 653 1253; Diapria conica, parasite nities and phylogeny, 424, 485; Epipsocus, 653 of, I226 classification, 485-8; literature, Epiptera (Achilidae), Ermine moths, see Arctiidae 488--<)3; eggs, 48o; wing• Ampulicomorpha, parasite of, ERMISCH, 889, 909 venation, 4 78--<); as prey of I230 ERNST,47I,6I9,636 Crabroninae, I2SI; as prey of episterna, in Curculionoidea, 8I8; Erotylidae, 881 fish, 477; as prey of in Diptera, 953 cruciform larvae in Coleoptera, Plecopteran nymphs, 526; Epipyropidae, 11 I8 834; in Trichoptera, 1167, nymphs carrying larvae of Epyris, I23I u68 Chironomidae and Simuliidae, Erannis, wings degenerate in Erycinidae, see Riodinidae 484 female, 1132; larva a defoliator, Erythromma, 511 INDEX 1305

Erythroneura, 7 I 3 female, I247 Castniidae, II I 9; a Hesperiid, ESAKI, 747, 756 Eumenidae, I246; 4o-70 II24, II3I ESCHERICH, 440,442,630, 83I, Malpighian tubules in two Euschemoninae, I I 3 I 832, 9IO, I24I groups, I I 9 I; Chrysis, parasite Euschistus, egg, 70I; E. var• ~ELBAUGH,74I,742,756 of, I23I iolarius, head, 68I ~IG, 722,756 Eumerus strigatus, larva feeds in Eusema adulatrix (Agaristidae), Ethmiidae, I II3 bulbs in Narcissus and II43 Eublemma larva feeds on Amaryllis, IOI7, IOI9 Eutachina, I032 Coccoidea, I I44; E. amabilis Eumicrosoma, teleaform larva, Eutanyderus oreonympha, 98I larva feeds on Laccifer, I I44 II98; biology, I227 Eutermes, soldier head and mand- Euborellia, .578; 5 nymphal Eunausibius wheeleri, associating ibles, 6o8; wings, 610; larva of instars, 576 with Pseudococcus, 88o Termitadelphos and Eubria palustris, 864 Eunotinae, parasites of Coccids, Termitodipteron in nest of, 982 Eubrychius, 900 I223 Eusthenia, 528 eucephalous larvae, 97 I Euparagia, 1250 Eustheniidae, 528, 530; venation, Eucera, male antennae elongate, Eupelmidae, I224 523; in the Permian, 527; 1258; Nomada, a parasite of, Eupelmus, I224 primitive living Plecoptera, 1258 Eupholus, 900 527; nymph primitive, 526 Eucha/cidia, structure, I178 Euplectrus, larval cocoon, I2I9; Euthyplocidae, 487 Eucharitidae, I223; planidium, source of cocoon, 1225; E. Eutrachelus (Brenthidae), head II97; ant parasites, I243 comstockii, life-cycle, I2I8 male, 898 Euchloe, Orange tip, I I29 Euploea, I I25; E. goedarti male, Euxesta, in Ulidiidae, I045; E. Euchromia polymena II25 nitidiventris, larva, I045; E. (Ctenuchidae) adult, II42 Euproctis simi/is ( = chrysor- not ata, larval foods, I045 Eucinetes, 863 rhoea ), larva with urticating Eralljapyx, 45 I Eucinetidae, 863 hairs, I I45; Micro gaster con• Evania appendigaster, parasite of Eucinetoidea, 848, 863 nexus a parasite of, 1212; E. Periplaneta, I2I3 Euclea indetermina phaeorrhoea, larva pest of shade Evaniidae, I2IJ; reduced vena- (Limacodidae), larva, pupa, trees, I I45; Calosoma, a tion, I I84 adult, II I7 predator of, 84 I Evanioidea, I2IJ; British, I207 Eucleidae, see Limacodidae Eupterote, I I36; E.jitlva, adult, EVANS, J. H., 73I, 757 Eucnemidae, 87o; apodous II37 EVANS, J. W., 426,428, 680,682, larva, 835; Vanhornia parasite Eupterotidae, see Bombycidae 687,702, 703,709,7II,7I2, of, I227 Eupteryx, 3 ovarioles, 698 757, II06, II5I Eucoila, larva with evanescent Eurhynchinae, 899 EVANS, H. E., 1207, I2JI, 12JJ, thoracic appendages, I I 96; Euribia, I045 I246, I25I, 1252, 1253. 1267, later instars polypodeiform, European corn-borer, see 1268 I I98, II99; E. eucera, parasite Ostrinia nubilalis EVANS, M. E. G., 868, 9IO of Oscinellafrit, I2I7; adult, European Gold Tail, see EVANS, N. E., 743, 762 I2I8 Euproctis simi/is Evetria, see Rhyacionia eucoiliform larva, I I98, II99, European Green Oak Tortrix, see EWEN, 697, 757 I2I7 Tortrix riridana EWER, 54 I, 556 Eucoilinae, eucoiliform larva, Eurybrachidae, 707 EWING, A. W., I022, I047 I I98; biology, I2I7 Eurybrachys tomentosa, 707 EWING, H. E., 658, 667, 677, Eucondy/ops, 1258 Eurycotis, 6oo 948 Eucosmidae, see Tortricidae Eurychoromyia, I022 Exechia, larval habits, 994; larvae Euglossa, mouthparts, I I8o Eurygaster, 74I; E. integriceps, attacking Psalliota (mush• Euglossinae, 1258; relations with pest of cereals, 74I; Aso/cus, a rooms), 995 orchids, 12 58 parasite of, I227 Exoprosopa, lacinia, 955 Euholognatha, 530 Eurygyne, 853 Exopterygote insects, 422 Eulecanium, see Partheno/ecanium Eurymelidae, 7 I 2 Exorista, viviparous, I032 Euliphyra mirifica, II28 Eurypogonidae, 865 exudatoria, in Pseudomyrmicine Eulophidae, I224 Eurystethus, 887 larva, II76 Eulophinae, I225 Eurytoma, I222 exsules, in Adelgidae, 724 Eumastacidae, 549 Eurytomidae, I2I7, I222 eyes, each divided, in Baetidae, Eumecoptera, 938 Euscelis, 700 478; in Gyrinidae, 8I8 Eumenes, I247; E. petiolatus, Euschemon, not now put in EYLES, 735, 757 1306 INDEX

FABER, S41, SSO, SS6 Homoptera, 693-4, 694 s92; lays 21-80 eggs, s76; FABRE, 861, 862, 871, 890, 896, FINCHER, 862, 910 reproductive organs, male, 291; 910, 1008, IOS2, 1207, 1232, FINLAY, 986 female, 294; variation in for• 1234, 1246, 1247, 12SI, 12S2, FINLAYSON, 6so, 6SI, 6SS ceps, 374 12S3, 12S4, 12SS, 12S6, 12S7, fire-fly, see Pyrophorus or Forficulidae, .578 1260 Lampyridae Forficulina, .577; cerci form facialia, 9S2 FISCHER, 1171,1173 unjointed forceps, S74; male FAIREY, 1192, 126S FISHER, I 197, 1268 ejaculatory duct bifurcates but Fairy flies, see Mymaridae FISK, S9S, 600, 6o4 one penis lobe lost, s76; FALCOZ, 103S, IOS2 FISKE, 119S nymph, 376; 8th and 9th terga FALLIS, 988, IOS2 flabellum, 1181 of female greatly reduced, Fanniidae, I027 flamingo, Mallophaga of, 6s9 S73 FARRIS, 1)03, 910 FLANDERS, 1224, 1268 Forficuloidea, .578 FAURE, 114S, liS I Flatidae, 706 formic acid, in Formica sting• FAVRELLE, S66, S69 fleas, see Siphonaptera gland, 1189 fecundation canal, in FLEMION, 68S, 7S8 Formica, number of individuals in Amphibicorisae, 698; in FLESCHNER, 799, 812 nest, 1237-8; ovipositor Coleoptera, 832, 833 FLETCHER, L. W., 964, IOS2 reduced, I 187; sting-gland FEDEROV, SSI, SS6 FLETCHER, T. B., IllS, IIS2 with formic acid, 1189; Fedtschenkia, 1234 flies (true or two-winged), see Atemeles in nests, 8s6, 1243; FEIR, 738, 7S7 Diptera Clytra 4-punctata in nests, 896; Felicola, 666; F. subrostratus, on FLINT, lOll, IOS8, I I71, 1173 Dinarda in nests, 8 s6; Potosia cat, 66o FLORENCE,672,677 cuprea in nests, 861; mimicked FELT,932,937,939,99S,996, FLOWER, S96, 603 by nymphs of Alydus ca/car• IOS2 FLUITER,de,721,7S0 atus, 68o; F.fusca slaves of F. fenestrae, in Blattaria, S93 FOA, 698, 7S8 sanguinea and Polyergus, 1243- Feniseca tarquinius, 1128 FOLSOM, 467, 4 72 4; F. rufa nests, 1238; pharate FENNAH,688,689,704,70S,706, Fo/somia, 470; moults and sexual pupa, 366; queen small, 1236; 707,7S3,7S7,7S8 maturity, 468; F. candida, F. sanguinea, abnormality due FENTON, 1230, 1268 blind, cavernicolous, facul• to Lomochusa, 1237; Microdon, Fergusoninidae, I04I tatively parthenogenetic, 470 relations with, 1242; F.fusca a FERNA~,673,677 FONTAINE,989, IOS2 slave of, 1243-4 Feronia, see Pterostichus fontanelle, in Isoptera, 612 Formicidae, I234; now usually FERRIERE, 1222, 1223, 1224, 1268 food-reservoir (Diptera), adult, classed as Scolioidea, 1232; FERRIS, 666, 667, 673, 676, 677, 96s; larva (some castes, 1235, 1236; replete 689,691,727,728,729,734, Cyclorrhapha), 976 workers, 1241, 1242; workers 7S8,794,812,936,939 FOOTE, 1024, 1039, 104S, 1046, apterous, 118s; abdominal FERTON, 1207, 1246, I2SI, 12SS, IOS2, lOSS, 1069, 1070 ganglia 6, 1193; fungus gar• 1268 Footmen, see Arctiidae dens, 1240; harvesting ants, FEUERBORN,964,982, IOSi FORBES, A. R., 683, 693, 7S8 1239; histolysis of wing• FEUSTEL,466,467,472 FORBES, W. T. M., 823, 910, 1097, muscles, 1193; inquilines and FEYTAUD,6r2,617,636 1102, 1140, IIS2 parasites on, 1243; larvae, fibula, in Lepidopterous wing- ForczjJOmyia, suck insect blood, 123s; Malpighian tubules, 6-- coupling, 1o81 989; larva under bark, 990 20 in adult, 4 in larva, 1191; Fideliidae, I257 FORD, B., 947, 949 musculature, 1193; nests or FIEBER, 730, 7 S8 FORD, G. H., 870, 910 formicaries, 1237; pests of Fig insects, see Agaonidae FORD, N., S3S, S36 agriculture, 1244; rectal papil• Figitidae, I 2 I 7 Forda, 7I7 lae, 3, 1191; slavery, 1243; Figitinae, I 2 I 7 FOREL, 1237, 1243, 1244, 1268 sting, 123s; stomach Fig moth, see Ephestia caute//a Forester, see !no sometimes reduced, 1191; sym• filariasis, transmission of, 98 s, Forficula, 578; alimentary canal, biosis, 1243; insects attended 987 S7S; Malpighian tubules, S74; by ants: Aphidoidea, 1241; file, in Ensifera, S46 maternal care, S77; nervous Coccoidea, 727; Eurymelidae, Filipalpia, .528 system, 104; omnivorous, S77; 712; L ycaenid larvae, 1129; Filippi's glands, 1096 posterior abdominal segments, Membracidae, 711; insects in FILSHIE, 696, 7S8 374; young nymph, s76; F. the nests of, classification, filter-chamber, in gut of auricularia, S73; distribution, 1242-3; Aculagnathiidae, 884; INDEX 1307

Anthocoridae, 735; Attlura, FREW,104 3, 1052 FurMa, see Psycltt 440, 417; Auapltila, s¢; FREY, 959, 1052 fundatriccs, in Adelgidae, 72,.; in Atticolinae, 6oo; Clavigerinae, FRICK, K. B., t041 , 1052 aphids, 719; in Phylloxeridae, 8ss; Coui~lla djstincta, 884; FRICK, K. E., 743, 759 723 Collembola, 470; FRIEDRICHS, S83 , 590, 881, 910 fundatrigeniae, in aphids, 719 Cremastochilini, 86r; FRIESE, G., 427, 428, 1112, 1152 fungus gardens, of Cyclo10rnidae, 1 118; FRIESE, H., 1207, t2SS, t:z68 Macroterrnitinae, 627, 629; of Cydnidae, 741; Ectrephidae, Fritsta, 470 Auini, 1240 875; Gnostidae, 875; FRISCH, von, t263, 1268 fungus gnats, see M ycetophilidae Histeridae, 8s:z; Limulodidae, FRISON, 521, 525, 527, 530, 722, F\J~USER,7 1 1,712,759 852; Maculi~a arion, 1128; 762 furca, in Collembola, 464; in Microdon, 1017; Fritillary, see Argynnis, Brtntltis Cyclorrhapha, 958 Microphysidae, 735; and Mtlitata Myrmecophilinae, 548; Frit-fly, see Osci~lla frit GABE, 488, 525, 530 Paussinae, 843; Pltyllomyu, FROEHLICH,484,490 GAEDIKE, 11 12, II 52 1041; Scarabaeini, 862; frog-hopper, see Cercopoidea GAHAN, A.B ., 1276 Staphylinidae, 8s6; FROESCHNER,741,759 GAHAN, C. J., 7o8, 759, 825, 826, Vianaididae, 731; frons, in Homoptera, 682 839.863,874.878, 888,910 Tettigomctridae, 704; parasites front (of Diptera), 952 Caltruulla luttola, larva, 896 of ants, 1243; Eucharitidac, frontal gland, of lsoptera, 612, Galerucinae, 8¢ 1223; Mtrmis, 1236; 620 Gal/tria, with two ramified Myrmccolacidae, 928; predator frontal lunule, 954 Malpighian tubules, roSs; C. of queens, Apltilantltops, 1254 frontal sulcus (Diptera), 952 mtllontlla, in beehives, 1121 Formicinae, gathering honey• frontal triangle (Diptera), 952 Galleriidae, see Pyralidae dew, 1241 frontoclypeus, in Diptera, see Galleriinae, 1121 Forpus passerinus (parak.eet), nests clypeus, in Lepidoptera, adult, gallicolae, in VittuS, 723; in in 1ermite nests, 630 1073; larva, 1098 Adelgidae, 724 FORSYTH, 829, 910 FROST, 1093, 11 52 gallicolac-migrantes, in Fossores, definition, 1185 Fruit flies, see Drosophila or Adelgidae, 724 founding of colonies, in Isoptera, Tephritidae gallicolac-non-migrantes, in 624- s FRYER, 1110 Adelgidae, 724 FOWLER, 704, 758. 817, 839, 893, Fuullia, habits, 1025 Gall midges, see Cecidomyidae 910 F\JCHS, 903 Calloisiana, 538; eyes absent, 533 fowl, domestic, Menopon gal- tVKUDA, 840, 887, 910 galls made by Cecidomyidae, 996; linat, on, 6s9 fulcrum (Cyclorrhapha), 958 by Cynipidae, 1214- 15; by rox,r., 948 Fulgoridae, 705; Oryinidae, par- Fergusoninidae, 1041; by FOX, R. M., 1125, 1152 asites of, 1230 Tephritidae, 1045 F'RACKER, IOCJ I, IOCJ2, IOCJ7, 1102, Fulgoroidea, 704; egg with an GANGLBAUER, 839 11o6, till, 113 1, 1138, 11S2 operculum, 701; filter-chamber GAJU>NER, A.£., 503,504,510, Sl6 F'RAENK£1., 953. 977. 1052 absent, 693; hind coxae fused GARDNER, J. C. M., 852, 911, 1045, F'RANCISCOLO, 888,910 to metathorax, 688; possible lo67 Frarlltlinitlla spp., on cotton, 782; origin, 702; salivary gland with Cargara, 711 also transmits spotted wilt up to 20 acini and no accessory Cascardia, produoes gum-lac, 728 virus, 783 gland, 695; regulae well• gaster, definition, 1187; in FRASER, 499, 501, 510, 516, Sl9, developed, except when wings Forrnicidae, 1234 799.813 reduced, 686 Gasterophilidae, 1027 FRASER-ROWELL, 553, 556 Fulgoromorpha, 704; egg usually Casttropltilus, 1027; oviposition, FRAZER, 739, 759 with 1 micropyle, 701; egg 102']-8; larva in Equidae, 1027; FRIEMAN, P., 989, 1052 usually with inner air-filled myiasis of cranial cavities, 971 FREEMAN, T. N., to88, IIS2 chorionic nerwork, 701 Gasterruptiidae, 1213 Frenatae, 1101 F\JU.£11, c., 6o8, 60CJ, 624, 629, gastrilegid bees, 1256 frenate type of wing-coupling, 636 Castrodts (Lygaeidae), 738 1o81 F\JU..f.lt, M . E., 1014, 1031, 1053 GATENBY, 1212, 1225, 1269 frenulum, in Lepidopterous hind FUUMEK,663,667,929 GAUFIN,S26,531,532 wing, 1o81 F\JLTON,s4o,s48.ss6,ss7 Cavia immtr (loon) attracts a FREUD£,817,887,910 fulturae, in Diplura, 445; in Simulium, 988 FREUND, 677 Thysanura, 439 GAY,640 1308 INDEX

GEISINGER, 66o, 668 Gerroidea, 743; alary polymor• G/ossosoma, II67, II70 Gelastocoridae, 7 45 phism, 688; no bulbus Glossosomatidae, I I 72 Ge/astocoris, 745 ejaculatorius, 699; fore wing Glow worms, see Lampyridae Ge/echia, I093 with sclerotized and mem• GLUUD, 696, 7 59 Gelechiidae, I I I 4 branous parts little differen• Glyphipterigidae, I I I I Gelechioidea, noS, I II 2 tiated, 686 Glyphipterix, I II 1 genae (Diptera), 953 Gerydus chinensis, 1 128 Glyphipteryx, see Glyphipterix Gengidae, 707 GHAURI, 725, 759 Glyptotermes, 634 Gengis, 707 GHOSH, II38, II55 gnathos, in male Lepidoptera, GENIEYS, 12I3, 1269 GIARD, 1230 1084 genitalia, male, in Lepidoptera, GIBBS, II7I, II73 Gnathotrichus (Scolytinae) 1083, I084; in Hymenoptera, GIBSON, A., II45, II 52 antenna, hind leg, 901 II89 GIBSON, L. P., 827, 91 I GNATZY, 524, 530 GENTHE, I I 52 GIGLIQ-TOS, 001, 002 Gnophomyia tripunctata (tipulid) Geocoris punctipes, predator of GILBERT, II26, II52 larval epidermal gland, 263 Tetranychus telarius on cotton, GILBY,696,759,780 Gnostidae, 875 737 GILES,425,428,572,574,575, Goat moth, see Cossidae Geocorisae, 730; egg-chorion 576,577,578,58o,58I GODDEN, 567, 569 with inner porous layer, 700; GILIOMEE, 725, 729, 759 GODMAN, 1073, II52 male, with paired mesa- and GILLETT,983, 1053 GOETGHEBUER,991, 1053 sometimes ectadenia, 61)9; GILLETTE,723,759 GODING, 712, 759 bulbus ejaculatorius usually GILLIES, 488, 490 GOEL,688,759 present, 61)9; heart posterior 2- Gilpinia hercyniae, 1205 GOHRBRANDT, 1075, 1152 chambered, 697; testes usually gills (Dipterous larvae) 976 Go/iathus regius, 816 6--8 follicles, 61)9; metastemal GILMER, I I 52 Gomphidae, 5 I 4; nymphal gill, scent-gland with an evaporat• GILSON, 1098, II52, II68, II73 509 ing area, 696; pretarsus, 688; Gilson's glands, see thoracic Gomphocerinae, stridulation, 550 spiracles with closing mechan• glands, Trichoptera Gomphus, 5 I 4 ism, 691; perhaps polyphyletic, GIRSCHNER, 961 gonangulum (Hymenoptera), 702 GISIN, 468, 469, 4 73 II88 Geometridae, I I 32; egg• GIVEN, I2J3, 126«) gonapophysis, first, see valvula, deposition, I o89; free gizzard, in Coleoptera, 827 first abdominal segments in pupa, glands, defensive, in Coleoptera, gonapophysis, second, see val- 1 100; larval colour affected by 829; glands, labial and maxil• vula, second light, I093; larva, twig-like, lary, in Coleoptera, 829 gonarcus, 794 1093; maxillary palpi, 1074; glandular hairs, in Lepidopterous Gonatopus, 1230 prolegs of larvae, 1092; tym• larvae, 1093 Gonepteryx, II29 panum, 1082; wings lost in Glaphyrinae, 862 Gongylus, 6oi; ootheca, 599 some females, 1082 GLASGOW, H., 692, 759 Gonia, eggs swallowed by host, Geometroidea, I I 3 I GLASGOW, J. P., 473, II65, II73 1032 Geomyza, I040 Gliricola, 665; 5 pairs abdominal Goniocotes bidentatus, site on host, GWRGE,722,759 spiracles, 663; G. porcelli, food, 658 GWRGEVITSCH, 838, 9I I 65s Goniodes, 666 Georyssidae, 85 I Glossina, I033; anatomy, 970; Goniops, IOOI Geosarginae, 1002 accessory glands provide larval Goniozus, I23I Geosargus, larva, 1003; wing, 964 food, 968; ovarioles, only 2, gonocoxa, see second valvifer GIARD,996, IOI6, I053 967; Mutillid parasite of, 1234; Gonodera, 887 Geotrupes, 86o; abdominal gang- proboscis, 959, 955; reproduc• gonoplacs, see third valvulae lia, 83o; respiratory system, tive organs of male complex, gonostyli, see third valvulae 830; larval stridulatory organ, like Hippoboscidae, 969; GONZALEZ,729,749 827,859 vectors of sleeping sickness GOODCHILD,692,693,759,700 Geotrupidae, 86o and nagana, I033-4; viviparity, GORDON, 766 GERASIMOV, 1092, II52 968--i); G. palpalis, adult, 1034; Gorytes, 1253 GERBER, 891, 9II mouthparts, 955; female GOss, 655 Gerridae, 744; legs adapted for reproductive organs, 968 GOSSARD, !III, II52 skating on water, 68Q Glossinidae, 1033; blood-suckers, GOSSE, 1094, II33, II52 Gerris, 744 95I GOT0,462,473 INDEX 1309

GOTZ, 544, 557 I040, 1041, 1053. 1212, 1269 pestris, 547-8 GOUDOT,708 GRIFFITHS, J. T., 598, 6o3 GUENIAT, 870, 91 I GOULD,598,6o3 GRIMM,991 GUIMARAES, 678 GOURANTON,693,694,708,760 GRIMPE, 566, 569 gula, in Coleoptera, 818; in GOURLAY,923,929 GRINFELD,785,790 Hemiptera, 682 Gout fly, see Chlorops taeniopus Gripopterygidae, 528, 530 gular sulci, 818; in Graber's organ, IOOI 'ground-pearl', see Margarodes Curculionoidea, 897 Gracillaria, I I IO grouse-locusts, see Tetrigidae GULDE,730,76o Gracillariidae, I I w; anatomy, GROVE,683,760 GUNN, 553, 557 Io88; venation, Io8o GRUNBERG,978, 1053 GUNTHART,903,911 GRAHAM, I223, I269 GRUTTE, 1258, I269 GUNTHER, K., 553, 557, 562, 564, GRAHAM-SMITH, 957,969, I027, Gryllacrididae, 5 45; testes in a 565, 568, 569, 572, 577, 581, I043· I053 common sheath, 542 652,655 GRAICHEN, 697, 760 Gryllacridoidea, 544; IO or more GUNTHER, K. K., 945, 948 Granary weevil, see Sitophilus larval moults, 543; derived GUPTA, A. P., 736, 743, 760, 827, granarius from Prophalangopsidae, 544 911 GRANDI, G., 84I, 889, 9I I, I I78, Gryllidae, 5 47; auditory organs, GUPTA, B. L., 595, 6o3 1194. I207, I2I9, I22I, 1269 541, 133; cerci elongate, 540; GUPTA, R. L., 829, 911 GRANDI, M., 477, 478, 479, 484, male, 1oth and 1 Ith tergites GUPTA, S.D., 607, 637 485, 490, 52 I, 530 fused, 540; modification of GURNEY,535,536,6oo,603,644, GRANDORI, I211, 1269 wings for stridulation, 539, 645, 8oi, 8o2, 8I3, I246, 1269 GRANT, 544, 559 547; modified hypopharynx, GUSTAFSON, 436, 438, 442, 569 Graphopsocus cruciatus, 65 4; over• 538; oviposition in ground, GUTHRIE, 592, 603, 697, winters as eggs and adults, 65I 542; ovipositor, 539; par• 760 Graphosoma, head in feeding asitized by Stichotrematidae, GUYENOT,976, 1053 position, 68I 928; Rhopalosoma, parasite of, Gymnosoma, eggs laid on caterpil• GRASSE,6o6,6I6,62o,622,623, I246 lars, I 032; secondary sheath of 624, 62 5, 627, 628, 629, 634, Gryllinae, 5 48 larva, 1033 636, 637, 812 Grylloblatta, 534, 535; discovery, GYGER, 449, 452 grasshoppers, see Orthoptera, 533 Gymnetron, 900 Caelifera; long-horned, see Grylloblattina, 535 Gymnopholus, 900 Tettigoniidae; short-horned, Grylloblattodea, 424, 533; Gypsy moth, see Lymantria see Acrididae anatomy, external, 533-5; dis par GRASSI, 588, 590, 723, 76o, 969, internal, 535; biology, 535; Gyrinidae, 846; epipleura, 823; 982, I053 affinities, 425, 535; classifica• larvae, 834; swimming legs, GRAVELY,8o9,8I3,858,9II tion, 535; literature, 535--6; 822 GRAVES,595,597,603 resemblance to Dermaptera, Gyrinus, 846; abdominal ganglia, Grayling, I I25 577 83o; divided eyes, 8I8; larva GREAVES, 640 Grylloidea, 547; alimentary canal, apneustic, 837; larval palpi, GREEN,576,727,760, II29 194; derived from 836; G. marinus, larva, 847 Greenbottle flies, see Lucilia Prophalangopsidae, 544; 2 Gyropidae, 665; with single GREENE, 998, I053 gastric caeca, 54 1; ten or more claws, 662 Greenhouse white fly, see larval moults, 543; Malpighian Gyropus, 66.;; G. ovalis, food, Trialeurodes vaporariorum tubules unite to form a ureter, 658 GREENWAY,7I8,752,760 541; stridulatory apparatus, Gyrostigma, I027 gregarization, in locusts, 5 52 54o-41 GREGORY,707 Gryllotalpa, 548, 549; only 4 free HAASE, I077 GRELL,936,938,939 abdominal ganglia, 541; HABIB, 729, 76o GRESSITT, 832, 896, 900, 9I I chromosomal species, 549; Habrophlebia, 487 GREVEN,509, 5I6 Diamma parasite of, 1233; Habrosyne derasa, 1132 GRIERSON, 48I, 49I species separated by song, 549 HACKETT,987, 1053 GRIEVE, 503, 5 I 6 Gryllotalpidae, 5 48; epididymis Hadena, larva feeds in seed GRIFFITH, G. E., I08I, 1153 conspicuous, 542; fossorial fore capsules, I 144 GRIFFITH, M. E., 748, 760 legs, 47, 539; hind legs not HADLINGTON, 569 GRIFFITHS, D. C., 7I8, 752, 760 large, 539; ovipositor absent, HADWEN, I028, 1029, I053 GRIFFITHS, G. C. D., 964, 1012, 539 Haematobia, 1025; Spalangia 1020, I023, I024, I038, 1039, Gryllus assimilis, 547; G. cam- muscidarum parasite of, I223 IJIO INDEX

Haematopota, Iooo-Iooi; Haliplus, 844 HARDY, G. H., 964, I054 anatomy, 970; larva, IOOI; H. Halirytus, 99I HARE, 622, 637 p/uvialis, in Britain, 1001 HALKKA,708,760 HARKER,484,490 haemoglobin, in Chironomus lar- HALL, D. G., I029, I053 HARLEY, 73I, 76I vae, 990 HALL, D. W., 875, 911 Harmolita, see Tetramesa Haemonia, 895 HALL, J. C., 799, 812 HARNISCH, SIO, SI6 Haematomyzidae, 666 HALL, S. R., 636 'harp' in Gryllid stridulatory Haematomyzus, 666; on elephants Halobates, 744 apparatus, 54 7 and PhtJJ:ochoerus, 666; mouth• Halosalda, salt-regulation by rec• Harpactor costa/is, preys on parts, 66I; thoracic segments tal pads, 693 Dysdercus cingulatus, 733 fused, 662 Halovelia, 7 43 Harpactorinae, 732 Haematopinidae, 676 halteres, in Diptera, 963; in Harpagocryptus, see 0/ixon Haematopinus, on ungulates, 762; Strepsiptera, 924 Harpagoxenus, I244 internal anatomy, 674; H. asini, Haltica, alimentary canal of larva, HARPER, 527,53I on Equidae, 676; H. eury• 837; cryptonephric Malpighian harpes, 1083 (valves of PIERCE, F. sternus on cattle, 672, 676; tubules, 829; H. caerulea, N.) number of eggs, 67 5; H. suis, preyed on by Zicrona caerulea, HARRIS, H. M., 733, 744, 755, 76I 67I; on pigs, 672, 676; H. 74I HARRIS, J. R., 477, 490 tubercula Ius, on buffalo, 672 Halticinae, 896; enlarged hind HARRIS, K. M., 995, I054 Haematosiphon inodorus, 734 femur, 822 HARRIS, P., II40, 1153 haemocoelic fecundation, 699; in Hamamelistes, 72I HARRIS, W. V., 6o6, 637 Anthocoridae, 735 H amearis lucina, I I 27 HARRISON,662,66s,675,677 Haemodipsus ventricosus, on rab- HAMILTON, 746, 76o Harrisoniella densa, a pair of bits, 676 Hamitermes, soldier head and metathoracic spiracles, 663 Haetera, I 126 mandibles, 6o8 HARTLAND-ROWE,487,490 HAFNER, 675,677 HAMM, 927, 930, IOIO, 1052, HARTLEY,557, IOI9, I054 HAGAN,700,734,760,895,9II 1053, I246, I25I, 1269, I275 HARVEY, 62I HAGEDORN, 903 HAMMER, 473 harvesting ants, I239-40 HAGEMANN, 748, 76o HAMMOND, 967,970, I06I HARZ,544,557,577,58I,599,6o3 HAGEN, 883,911 HAMPSON, 1102, III6, 1125, 1133, HASE, 677 HAGERUP,789,790 I I43, 1153 HASENFUSS, I092, I097, I 12I, Haglidae, see Prophalangopsidae hamula, in Collembola, 464 1153 Hair-streaks, see L ycaenidae hamuli, in Hymenoptera, I I84; in HASHIMOT0,99I, I054 HAKIM, 496, 5I6 Odonata, SOI HASKELL,640,76I HALE,468,473 HANCOCK,553,557 HASSAN, A. A. G., 965, I054 Halesus guttatipennis HANDLIRSCH, 42I, 422, 423, 428, HASSAN, A. I., 705, 76I, 922, 928, (Limnephilidae), 1162 469,473. 69I, 73I, 760,939. 929 HALFFTER,833,862,9II I006, I053 HATCH, 498, 5I6 Halias, see Pseudoips HANER, 677 HATCHETT-JACKSON, I087, 1153 Halictidae, 1255; may have a HANNA, I I78, I269 HATHAWAY, 948 worker caste, I254; habits, HANNEMANN, I I03, 1153 HAUB,66o,66I,667 social life, I255 HANNEY, 579, 58I HAUG,662,667 Halictophagoidea, 928 HANSEN, 579, 58I HAUPT, H., 706, 711, 7I4, 76I Halictophagus, 929 HANSON,52I,530,532 HAUPT,}., 454, 459 Halictoxenos, British species, 923, HANSTROM, 434, 442, 54I, 557, haustellum, in Diptera, 958; in 929; polyembryonic, 925 s6s, s69 T richoptera, I I 64 Halictus, primitive social life, Haploembia, 590; in the HAVILAND, I2I7, I228, I269 I I 76; adult no contact with Mediterranean, 585 HAWKES, 883, 911 larva, 1176; habits, 1255; par• Haplothrips, 789; H. tritici, an HAYES, 978, I054 asites: Bombylius, I009; agricultural pest, 789 HAYSLIP, 549, 557 Halictoxenos, 929; Nomada, Haplogastra, characters, 847 Heath, Satyrinae, 550 12 58; S phecodes, 12 56; haplogastrous abdomen in HEATH, H., 622, 626, 637 Strepsiptera, 922; H. (Lasio• Coleoptera, 82 5, 826 HEATH,}., 1103, 1153 glossum) malachurus, social life, haplometrosis, I I 76 HEBERDEY, 565, 569 I255 HARDE,8I7,9IO Hebridae, 743 Haliplidae, 844; larva, 834, 844; HARDY, D. E., 978, 993, IOI6, Hebrus, British, 743; chorion of tracheal gill, 844 I022, IOSO, I053. I054 egg thin, solid, 700 INDEX 1311

HECKER, 612, 637 Helotrephidae, 747 literature, 748-8 I HEDDERGOTT,933,939 Hemaris, I I 39 Hemipteroid orders, 422,425 HEDICKE,730,76I, I2I7, I269 hemelytra, fore wings of Hemisia, 1258 HEDQUIST, I2I3, I269 Heteroptera, 686 Hemiteles areator, I2IO HEEGER, 88I, 911 Hemerobiidae, 8o4; genitalia of Hemitelinae, some species HEIE, 702, 76 I male, 794; wings, 8o4 apterous, I I85, I209 HElM, 629, 637 Hemerobioidea, 804 hemitergites, of tergite IO in HEINER, 477,490 Hemerobius, wings, 8o4; male Embiids, usually HEINONEN, 760 lchneumonids, parasitic on, asymmetrical, 587 HEINRICH, I090, 1122, 1153 I209; H. stigma, stages of, 804 HEMMING,553,557 HEINZE,722,723,75I,76I Hemerocampa vetusta HEMMINGSEN, 999, I054 HEISS, 978, I054 (Lymantriidae), male, female HENDEL,978, IOI4, I04I, I045, HEITLER, 539, 557 and larva, 1146 I054 Helcomyza, I038 Hemerodromia, IOI I Henicocephalidae, see Heleomyzidae, 1039; larvae hemicephalous larvae, 97 I Enicocephalidae scavengers, 970; perhaps Hemileucidae, see Satumiidae HENNE, 1142, 1150 includes Rhinotoridae, I040 Hemimeridae, 579; 8th and 9th HENNIG, 42I, 422,423,426,428, He/icobosca distinguenda, see terga of female greatly 439,442, 510, SI6, 954, 973, Theria muscaria reduced, 573 974,977, 983, 997, IOI4, I020, Heliconius, ingests pollen, I 126 Hemimerina, 579 I023, I027, I040, I042, I044, Heliconiinae, r126; mimicry of, Hemimerus, 579; affinities, 577; I054· I055 1125 cerci straight, hairy, unjointed, HENRIKSEN,85I,87I,906,9I2 Helicopsyche, larva with spiral 574; ejaculatory duct single, HENRY, G. M. R., I073, 116I case, 1167 576; ovarioles few, 57 s; male HENRY, L. M., 569 Helicopsychidae, 1172; lack ocelli, reproductive organs, 576; teg• HENSON, H. E., 572, 573, 574, 595, 1172 mina and wings absent, 573; H. 6o3 Heliocharitidae, 512 talpoides, 579 HENSON, W. R., 535, 536, 823, He/iocopris, 862 Hemiodoecus, 704 9I2 Heliodinidae, r r rr HEMING,786,787,790 HEPBURN,696,76I,933,936,939 Heliosciomyzinae, status, I038 Hemipeplidae, 888 Hepialidae, r Io6; cocoon-cutter, Heliothis obso/eta, Orius insidiosus Hemiphlebia, 571 I IOI; eggs scattered, 1089; free a predator of larva, 735; H. Hemiphlebiidae, 5 I I abdominal segments in pupa, armigera, the Cotton Boll Hemiphlebioidea, characters, 5 I 2 I Ioo; genital openings, female, worm, II45 Hemipsocidae, 654 I087, 1088; jugum, 108I; larval Heliothrips haemorrhoidalis, 789; Hemiptera, 679; anatomy, exter• crochets, I09I; possiblesubord• on glasshouse crops, 782; nal, 68()--(}I; abdomen, 689-90; inal status, I I02; pupal maxil• pupates on host-plant, 787; labial palps wanting, 684; legs, lary palps absent, I099; no thelytokous, males rare, 783 688-9; mouthparts, 682-5, tympanal organ, I083; vena• Heliozelidae, rr 07; wings not 68I, 683; ovipositor, 689; tion, Io8o aculeate, 1102 sound-producing organs, 690; Hepialoidea, 1103, IIOS HELM, I098, 1153 spiracles, 69 I; thorax, 68 5-6; He pia/us; anatomy, 1088; follicles Helminthidae, see Elmidae wings, 686-8, 686, 687; of testes separate, I085; mand• HELMS, 700, 761 anatomy, internal, alimentary ibles, I075; many free ganglia, HELMSING, 703, 76I canal, 69I, 692, 693, dorsal Io8s; reduced proboscis, I075; Helochares, eggs, 850 vessel, 697; mycetomes, 700; tympanal organs absent, I083; Helodidae, 863; larval antennae, nervous system, 697; pulsatile H. hectus, female sought by 835 organs, 697; reproductive male, I 106; H. humuli, male He/ope/tis theivora, pest of tea, system, 698-?oo; salivary sought by female, I Io6 735 glands, 694-6; accessory salivary Heptagenia, 486; abdominal gills Helophilus, larva saprophagous, glands excretory, 695; scent protected, 48 I; egg anchored IOI7; larva a 'rat-tailed' mag• glands, 696; wax glands, 696-7; by threads, 48o; nymphal got, IOI9 immature stages and metamor• instars, 482 He/ophorus, a pest of roots, 850; phoses, 7or:T-702; effects on Heptageniidae, 486 larva, 85I plants, 679; predation, 679; Heptagenioidea, 486 Heloridae, 1227 Corioxenoidea parasitic on, HERFORD,894,9I2 Helorus, host, I227 928; fossils and phylogeny, HERING, E. M., I04I, I055 Helotidae, 88o 702; classification, 703-48; HERING, M., I073, 1153 1312 INDEX hermaphrodite, lcerya purchasi, a HEYMER,495,516 histolysis of wing-muscles functional, 726; Termitoxenia, HEYMONS, 480, 484, 490, 562, 569, (Formicidae), 1193 lOIS s1 s, 579, s8 r HIXSON, 658, 667 HERMS, 1026 HEYLAERTS, IIIO, 1153 HOBBY,49S,516,932,939, 1007, HERRING, 744, 761 Hexagenia, 487; flies at night, I02S, ross Herse, see Agrius attracted to light, 4 77; effi- HOBERLANDT,736,755 HERTER,S72,S77, S8I ciency of abdominal gills of HODEK,884,912 HERvE, 1227, 1269 nymph, 48r; nymph, burrows HODGE, 541, 557 HESLOP-HARRISON, 714,761 in mud, 48r; thorax, 478 HODGES, II 13, 1154 Hesperentomon, 459 Hexapoda, constitution, 423 HODGSON, 553, 5S7 Hesperiidae, I I JI; larval crochets HICKIN, 1168, 1171, 1173 HODKINSON, 714, 762 not in mesoseries, 1092 HICKMAN, 1025, 1055 Hodotermes, 634; eyes of soldier Hesperiinae, larva, I I 3 I Hierodula, 6oi; ootheca, 598, S99 differentiated, 619 Hesperioidea, I I 3 I; butterflies, Hilara, mating habits, roro; H. Hodotermitidae, 634; compound 1073 sartor, male constructs web, eyes in all castes, 6o7; some HESSE, 73S, 761, 1008, lOSS roro; H. lurida, larva, 1011 with 4-5 enteric caeca, 6 r r; HESSEL, I08S, IIS3 HILDREW, 1171, 1173 foraging outside nest, 629; Hessian fly, see Mayetiola HILL, A. R., 735, 761 fossil, 425, 633; sternal glands, destructor HILL, C. C., 1228, 1270 6r3; workers forage in day• Hetaerina, SIJ HILL, D. S., 1221, 1270 light, 6r8, 629 Heterocera, I IOI HILL, G. F., 621,626, 634, 637 Hodotermopsis, cerci of 3-6 seg• Heteroceridae, 86s HILTON, 437,442 ments, 6r r; tarsi imperfectly s• Heterodoxus spiniger, 665 Himanopteridae, r r r 8 segmented, 609 Heterogenea, 1117 Himantopterus, r rr8 HOFENEDER, 929 Heterogenidae, see Limacodidae HINCKS,S77,s8r,8r7,914 HOFFER, 1260, 1270, 1274 heterogony, in Cynipoidea, 1216 HINDE, 700, 761 HOFFMANN, 903, 912 Heterogynidae, r I I6 HINE, 741, 776 HOFFMEYER, 1222, 1270 Heterogynis, 11 r6 HINKS, 697, 761 HOFMANN, E., 1097, 1154 Heterojapyx, 444, 445; mouth- HINTON, 426, 427, 428, 700, 761, HOFMANN,O., IIIS, 1154 parts, 446; spiracles, 447; H. 762, 833. 837. 838, 839. 840, HOKE,686,762 soulei, large size, 444 864,86s,866,874,88o,9r2, Holcocera pulvinea, r r 14 Heteromera, 878, 884; tarsi, 822 938,939.970,974.977.984, HOLDSWORTH,527,531 heteromorphic female, in 987, 991, ross, 1090, 1092, HOLLAND, 948 Ischnura, 496 1100, 1102, 1104, 1129, 1153, HOLLDOBLER,8S6, 9 r2, 1243,1270 Heteromyzidae, 1024 I IS4, 1241, 1270 HOLLING, 597, 6o3 Heteronutarsus, 6oi Hippelates, transmitting conjunc• HOLLOWAY, 86o, 912 Heteroptera, 72()-JO; status, 421, tivitis, 1043 HOLMGREN, 612, 630,634,637, 426; ancestors, 702; abdominal Hippobosca; food-reservoir want• 698,762,974. ross segments, ro-u,fused or ing, 96s; 4 ovarioles, 967; hologastrous abdomen in reduced, 689; dorsal vessel, proboscis, 9S9; H. equina, on Coleoptera, 825, 826 697; Malpighian tubules horses and cattle, 1035; H. Hololepta, 852 usually 4, 693; metasternal rufipes, adult, 1035 Holoparamecus, 884 scent-glands, 696; micropyles, Hippoboscidae, 1035; male holoptic eyes (in Diptera), 952; 700; mycetome rare, 700; nym• reproductive organs complex, (in Hymenoptera), 1178 phal instars usually 5, 701-2; 969; phoresy of Mallophaga on, Holorusia, 980 ovarioles, 698; spiracles ro 6s8; proboscis, 9S8; sometimes Homalisidae, 873 pairs, 69r; subdivisions of the apterous, 962 Homoptera, 703; crop-like exten• gut, 692; tarsi usually 2-3 Hirmoneura, roo6 sion of mid gut, 693, 694; segmented, 688 Hispa, 896 feeding through a salivary Heterosminthurus, male holds Hispinae, 896; larvae leaf-mining, sheath, 695; gut usually with a female with antennae, 468 eaten by Chelisoches, 577 filter-chamber, 692; status, Heterothripidae, 788 Rister, 852; Rister pustulosus, 421, 426; wax-glands, 696 Heterothrips azaleae, 788, 788 predator of Noctuid larvae, honey, 1263 HEWITT, C. G., 966, 969, 970, 977, 852; H. unicolor, 852 honey bee, see A pis mellifera 1027, ross Histeridae, 852 honey-dew; in Aleyrodidae, 7 r6; in HEWITI, P. H., 628,637,640 Histeroidea, 848, 8s 1 Aphididae, 718; in Coccoidea, HEWSON, 686, 761 Histia, r 118 726; Vespinae attracted to, 1247 INDEX 1313

honey-stomach, 1191 HUGHES, R. D., 756 Hydrophilus piceus, 85o; head, honey tubes, of Aphids, see HULL, 1007, 1056 817; thorax, 823; submentum, comicles HUMBERT, 467, 473 819; larval respiration, 851 Hook tips, see Drepanidae humble bee, see Bombus Hydrophy/ax aquivo/ans, 1225 HOPKINS, A. D., 1)03, 912 humeral suture of lsopteran Hydropsyche, larval nets, 1166; HOPKINS, G. E., 987, 1055 fore wing, 610 larva stridulating, 1170; pupal HOPKINS, G. H. E., 659, 66o, 664, HUMMEL, 613, 638 shelter, 1166 667,670,677.945.948,949 Humming bird moth, see Hydropsychidae, 1171; larvae, Hop/op/eura, 676 Macrog/ossum 1170 Hoplopleuridae, 676 HUMPHRIES, 941,949 Hydropsychoidea, 1171 HOPPNER,1213, 1270 HUNGATE, 628, 638 Hydroptila, scent-brushes, 1165; HORI, 966, 1055 HUNGERFORD,730,743,745,748, H. anguste//a, adult, 1162; H. HORION, 817, 913 762 mac/ach/ani, larval case, 1166 Hormaphis, gall-maker on both HURD, 1258, 1270 Hydroptilidae,1172; larvae purse- hosts, 717; highly specialized, HURLBUTT,686,776 makers, 1170 flattened, 721; H. hamamelidis, HUSAIN, 735, 773 Hydroscaphidae, 840 some morphs absent, 721 HUTCHINSON,748,762 Hydrotaea, 1027 HORN, G. H., 915 HUTHER, 468, 673 Hygrobia, 844; H. hermanni, HORN, W., 842, 913 HUTTON, 1136 stridulation, 844; eggs, hornet, see Vespa crabro Hyalophora, see Platysamia Prestwichia, parasitic on, horseflies, see Tabanidae Hya/opterus, 717; with a waxy 1225 horses, parasites of, Gasterophilus, powder, 718 Hygrobiidae, 844; defensive 1027; Haematopinus asini, 676; Hyblaeidae, 1121 glands, 829 Hippobosca, 1035; Mallophaga, Hybosorinae, 862 Hy/aeus, 1255; mouthparts, 1180, 665 Hydraena, British, 851 1182, 1183 HORVATH,743,762 Hydraenidae, 851 Hy/emyia, larva, 972; larval trach• HOSCHKE, 569 Hydrellia modesta, 1023 eal system, 975; H. coarctata, Hospitalitermes, reproductive Hydrobius, 8so Wheat bulb fly, 102 s; H. strigosa organs absent in workers and Hydrochara, eggs, 8so; larva, (strenua ), viviparity, 968; wing, soldiers, 614; H. monoceros, 851 1026 foraging, 629 Hydrocorisae, 74.); adaptations to Hy/es /ineata, 1139 HOTTES, 722, 762 aquatic life, 68o; bulbus Hylicidae, 713 HOUARD,995 ejaculatorius absent, 699; Hy/obius abietis, abdomen, 826; HOUGH, 1215, 1270 defensive glands, 696; dorsal larva pest of young conifers, HOULIHAN, 895, 913, 980, 1023, vessel, 697; egg often with 900, 901; ovarioles, 832 1055 porousinnerlayer,7oo;group Hy/ocoetus, 878 HOUSTON, 1256, 1270 monophyletic, 702; gut Hymenopodidae, 6o1 Hover flies, see Syrphidae relatively simple, 692; ileum Hymenoptera, 1175; anatomy, HOWARD,983,987, 1056,1195 with two kinds of cell, 693; ocelli external, 1178--8<}; abdomen, HOWDEN, 86o, 913 usually absent, 682; paired 1187-89; genitalia male, 1189; HOWE, 875, 911, 913 mesa- and often ectadenia, 699; head, 1178---9; legs, 1185-7; HOWELL, 1037, 1071 pulsatile organs in legs, 697; mouthparts, 1171)-82; HOWSE, 6o6, 620,637,638 raptorial forelegs, 689; salivary ovipositor and sting, 1187, HOY,728,762 sheath reduced or absent, 695; 1188, 1189; thorax, 1182, 1183, HOYT,955,959, 1056 spiracles no closing mechanism, 1184; wings, 1185, 1186, 1187; HRBAi':EK, 8 50, 913 691; testes follicles, 4-7, 699 anatomy, internal, 118cr95; HSU,477,492 Hydrometra, 743, 744; all ventral alimentary canal, 118cr91, HUBBARD,844,913, 1218 ganglia fused, 697 1190; heart, 1192-3; muscular HUBER, 1., 6oo, 6o3 Hydrometridae, 743 system, 1193; nervous system, HUBER, P., 126o Hydromyza, 1025 1193-4; reproductive system, HUDSON, G. B., 496, 516, 557, 558, Hydrophilidae, 8so; digestive 1184-5; respiratory system, s63,s69.572,581,592,6o3, system, 827; maxillary palpi, 1193; salivary gland, 1191-2; 6o7,638 819; respiration, 8 so; eggs,832; eggs, 1195; larva, 1195-1200; HUDSON, G. V., 994 farvae, 834; alimentary canal of prepupa, 1200; pupa, 1200; HUGHES, D. A., 484, 490 larva, 837; some larvae meta• cocoon, uoo; classification, HUGHES, M., 947,949 pneustic, 837 12oo--63; affinities, 426; liter• HUGHES, N. F., 430 Hydrophiloidea, 848, 850 ature, 1263-79 1314 INDEX

Hymenoptera aculeata, 1200, Hypogastruridae, 470 Idarniinae, I 22 I I207; biology, 1207; British, Hyponomeuta, see Yponomeuta IDE, 48I, 49I, 983, I056 1207; cocoon sometimes Hyponomeutidae, see ldiocerus, 7I3 reduced or absent, 1200; larva Yponomeutidae Idioembia product a, male termin- holopneustic, I I96; abdominal hypopharyngealbracon,897 alia, 588 tergite 9 reduced, u88; lasttwo hypopharynx (Diptera) 956, 957; Idiogastra, see Orussoidea ganglia fused, I I93; honey• (Lepidoptera) 1074 Idiostolidae, 739 stomach present, Il9 I; para• hypopleuron, definition, 96I Idiostolus, 739 sitism rare, except in primitive Hypoponera punctatissima, male ldria seriata, see Sterrha vir- families, I I77; parasites of, ergatoid, I2J8 gularia Anthrax, roo8; Conops, I043; hypopygium (Diptera), defini• !HERING, von, 126I, I270 Metopia and Miltogramma, tion, 964; h. circumversum, IKAN, I247, I270 I 030; Strepsiptera, 928; 964; h. inversum, 964 ileum (Hymenoptera), I19I Volucel/a larva in nests of social hypostomal sclerite, see inter• ILLG, 623, 639 species, IOI7 mediate sclerite ILLIES, 425, 429, 477, 485, 486, Hymenopus, 6oi Hypsa, II46 49I, 525, 526, 527, 528, 53 I HYNES, 484,490, 52 I, 525, 527, Hypsidae, I I 46; Callimorpha 1/ybius, rectal pouch small, 829 53 I possibly a member, II42 1/yocoris, 7 45 Hyocephalidae, 740 Hypsipyla robust a, I 122 IMADATE, 458, 459 Hyocephalus, 740 Hyracoidea, Linognathidae, on, IMMEL, 732, 762 Hypena proboscidalis, 676; Mallophaga on, 665, 666 IMMS, 433, 442, 444, 450, 452, (Noctuidae), adult, 1144 HYSLOP, 870, 9I3 470,473, 589,59o,6o7,638, Hypeninae, I I44 Hystrichopsylla talpae, the mole 707,728,763,8Io,8I3,933, Hyperaspis, larva, 883; H. binotata, flea,948 938,939.955.959.975.983, larva feeds on Coccoidea, 883 Hystrichopsyllidae, 948 I02I, I056, I2IO, I224, I270 Hyperecteina cinerea lncisitermes minor, 625 (Tachinidae), adult, 1031 Ibalia, polypodeiform larva, I I98; Incurvaria, I I07 hypermetamorphosis, hosts, I2I7; /. leucospoides, life• Incurvariidae, I 107; egg- Acroceridae, Ioo6-7; history, I2I7 deposition, I o89 Aleochara, 856; Bombyliidae, Ibaliidae, I2I7 Incurvarioidea, I I03, I I07; male 1008--9; Chalcidoidea, 1219; IBBOTSON, 764 with frenulum, ro8r Coleoptera, 835; Gracillariidae, Icerya, controlled by Rodolia Indarbela quadrinota, I I I7 II Io; Leucospis, 1222; cardinalis, 883; Cryptochetum infrabuccal pocket, I I99, I240 Mantispidae, 8o3; Meloidae, iceryae, a parasite of, 1020; Indian meal moth, see Plodia 889; Micromalthus, 84o; Malpighian tubules 3, 694; interpunctella Nemestrinidae, Ioo6; oviducts united anteriorly, 698; Indjapyx, 45I Perilampidae, I223; I. purchasi, 728; functional !no, I II8 Rhipiphorini, 889; S palangia, hermaphrodite, 726; male, 725; Inocel/ia, 797 1223; Strepsiptera, 922 spiracles, 69I Inopeplidae, affinities, 887 Hyperoscelidae, 993 ICHIKAWA, 467,473 Inostemma piricola, I228 Hyphantria, Peri/am pus hyalinus, Ichneumon flies, see inquiline Formicidae, I243 hyperparasite of, I 222 Ichneumonoidea lntegripalpia, I I 72 Hypoborus ficus, Sycosoter lavag- Ichneumonidae, I20f)-Io; British, intercalary veins, in nei, parasite of, I2I2 I2o7; caudate larvae, I 197; Ephemeroptera, 478 Hypochthonella, 707 female acid gland of numerous intercastes, in Isoptera, 620 Hypochthonellidae, 707 tubes and accessory gland intermaxillary brachia, Diplura, Hypocoprus, 879 present, II 89; female 445 Hypoderma, female accessory sometimes apterous, I I 85; lar• intermediate sclerite, definition, glands, 967; habits, metamor• vae, I209; 5o-6o Malpighian 973 phoses, I 028; male accessory tubules, I I9I; number of lphiclides ajax, II30 gland, 969 antenna! segments, I I78; Iphita, 739 hypodermal glands, metameric, pupa, 365; wings, 1211 Ips, sex ratio, 902; pheromone 976 Ichneumonoidea, structure, I 208, promoting mass-attack, 903; I. Hypogastrura, 470; furca very I I78; often 6 abdominal gang• typographus, ovarioles, 832 short, 466; internal organs, lia, I I93; egg-pedicel usually Ipsviciidae, 702 466; 7 moults before maximum short, 1 I95; usually 4 ovarioles, lridomyrmex humilis, 1244 size reached, 468 II94; all parasitic, 1177 Iron, nymph, 48I INDEX 1315

lronomyiidae, IOI 4 nal organ, 1 mucro, 462, 465 JOBLING, 959, 1035, I037, 1056 IRWIN-SMITH, 1003, 1056 lsotomidae, 470 JOHANNSEN, 978, 989, 990, 99I, Ischnocera, 66.5; antennae, 66o; Isotomurus, 470; superlinguae 995, IOI2, 1023, 1056 articulation of mandibles, 66o; bilobed, 462 JOHANSSON,697,763 crop greatly developed, 662; Issidae, 706 JOHN, 884, 9I3 usually 5 polytrophic ovarioles, ISSIKI, 939 JOHNSON, C., 495, 501, 516, 5I7 663; in Phthiraptera, 664; Ithomiinae, 1 12 5 JOHNSON, C. G., 713, 7I9, 73I, related to Siphunculata, 67 s; 2 lthone, 8oo; larval instars, 778--9 734,763 testicular follicles, 663 Ithonidae, Boo JOHNSON, D. L., 1268 lschnodemus, 700 IWATA, 1195, 1247, 1270 JOHNSON, N. E., 84I, 9I3 Ischnopsyllidae, 948 IZZARA, de, 468, 472 JOHNSON, P. T., 677 lschnopsyl/us, 943 JOHNSTON, C. E., 698, 763 Ischnura, 51 1; nymph, 504; JACK, 1263, 1270 JOHNSTON, F. A., I224, I27I Hydrophy/ax, egg parasite, JACKSON, D. J., 823, 903, 913, JOHNSTON, H. B., 553, 558 1225; /. e/egans, heteromorphic 1225, 1270 JOHNSTON, N.C., I265 female, 496 JACKSON, G. J., 872, 878, 913 JOHNSTONE, 1170, I I73 ISELEY, 538, 547, 551, 557 JACOBS, M. E., 495, 516 JONES, B. J., I023, 1057 !SHAY, 1247, 1270 JACOBS, W., 541, 550, 557 JONES, E. P., I227, I27I Ismarus, 1226 JACOBSON, H., 945, 949 JONES, M.G., 7I9, 763 lsogenus, .529; nymph JACOBSON, M., 1084, 1154 JONES, T., 783, 790 polyphagous, 526 JACOT-GUILLARMOD, 788,790 JONESCU, I I93, 127I /soper/a, .529; nymph without JACZEWSKI, 730, 744, 763 Joppeicidae, 733 gills, 526 JAKUBSKI, 728, 763 Joppeicus paradoxus, 733 Isometopidae, 73.5 JAMES, 1217, 1271 JORDAN, H. E. K., 949, I073, 1088, lsopods, terrestrial, JANCKE, 676, 677 1139, 1140, 1154, 1159 Rhinophorinae parasites of, JANET, 1134, 1154, 1178, 1193, JORDAN, K. H. C., 680, 703, 730, 1031 1241, 1242, 1249, 1271 736,74I,76o,763 Isoptera, 424, 6o6; anatomy, JANETSCHEK, 439, 440, W, 454, JOSEPH, I038, I057 external, 6o7-11, anatomy, 459 jowls (Diptera), 953 internal, 61 1-14; alimentary JANNONE, 537, 557, 558 JUBERTHIE, 466,472 canal, 611; circulatory system, JANSSEN, 872, 9 I 3 JUCCI, 62 5, 638 61 1-12; epidermal gland JANSSON, 763 JUDD,S4 I,SS8, 96s, I067 system, 612-13; central ner• Janus integer (/laviventris), 1204- Jugatae, I IOI vous system, 612; reproductive 5 jugum, in Hepialidae, I08I; system, 514; castes, 614-21; JANVIER, 1233, 1251, 1266, 1271 reduced in many postembryonic development JANZEN, 1238, 1271 'Microlepidoptera', I08I and caste-differentiation, 621- Japygidae, 4SI; abdominal ap• jump, of fleas, 94I, 945; of 2; pheromones controlling pendages, 446; cerci, 447; Cecidomyid larvae, 996 caste, 624; origins of polymor• subcoxalorgans,446 JUNG, 982, I057 phism, 622-4; colony found• Japygoidea, 45 I JUNK, 8I7, 916 ing, 624; community and its Japyx, 427; claw-like tarsal ap• JURA,467,473 history, biology, 624-5; growth pendage, 445; dorsal vessel, juxta, in male Lepidoptera, I084 of colony, 625-7; feeding 447; absence of Malpighian habits and nutrition, 627-30; tubules, 447; ovarioles, 448; KAFATOS,873,909 habitations of termites, 631-3; reproductive organs, 448; spir• KAI, 6so, 655 affinities and phylogeny, 425, acles, 447; testes, 448 KAISER,6I9,624,638,996, 1057 633-4; classification, 634-5; JARIAL,684,693,763 Kakothrips robustus, 78I literature, 635-42; termito• Jassidae, see Cicadellidae kala-azar, Phlebotominae, vectors philes, 63o; Cremastochilini, Jassoidea, see Cicadelloidea of, 981 861; Karumiidae, 873; JAVAHERY, 1227, I27I Ka//ima, 1127 Microdon, 1017; Phoridae, JAYEWICKREME, I090, 1154 Ka/otermes, 634; eyes sometimes 1015; Psychodidae, 982; JEANNEL, 42 I, 429, 688, 733, 763, vestigial in soldier, 6I9; nest, Staphylinidae, 856; 8I7, 825, 836, 857, 913, 922, 63 I; K. fiavico//is, colonies, size Termitaphididae, 737; 929 of, 625-6; in Europe, 6o6; Dindymus nymphs predators JENTsCH, 647, 6so, 6ss fecundity, 625; pheromones on, 739 JEWETT, 527, 531 controlling caste, 624; pseuder• Isotoma, 470; eyes and postanten- jigger, see Tunga gates, 62o, 622; pseudo- 1316 INDEX

imagines, 6I6; regressive KENAGA,743,764 KNAB,844,90Q,908,914,9SJ, moults, 622; spermatowa, 6I4; KENYON, 1193, I27I 9S7, 1056 sterile forms giving rise to KENCHINGTON, 596, 003 KNETSCH, 539, 55S supplementary reproductives, KENNEDY,553,55S,7IS,72I,723, KNIGHT, A. W., 525, 531 6I6-I7, 623; K. minor, 764 KNIGHT, H. H., 735, 764 development from egg, 62I Kermes, 728 KNOX, 47S, 491 Kalotermitidae, 634; claws KERR, 1261, 1271 KNUTSON, IOII, 1039, 105S, 106S sometimes with empodium, KERREMANS, S67, 914 Knutsonia, 1039 fKx); food of young reproduc• KERRICH, 1217, 1222, 1223, 126S, KOCH, 612, 638 tives, 627; fossil, 633; 1269 KOFOID, 621, 624, 63S Malpighian tubules usually S, KERSHAW,599,003,739,74I,742, KOHL, 1251, 1271 611; no true workers, 6I7; 764, I uS, II 54 KOKOCINSKI, I 122, I 154 phragmotic soldiers, 6IS; KERTEsz,97S, 1057 KOLBE,S39,89S,914 pseudergates, 62o; soldiers KESSEL, IOI 5, 105S Kolbea quisquiliarum, 654 sometimes sexually differ• KETTLE, 990, 105S KOLENATI, 1036, 105S entiated, 6 I 9 KETTLEWELL, 1132, 1154 KOMNICK,4S4,491,493, 116S, KALSHOVEN,626,63S KEUCHENIUS,969, 105S 1174 KALTENBACH,5H3,590,599,bo3 nvAN,sso,ssS,9S3, 1050 KONIG, 1007, 105S KAMP, 535, 536 KEY, 553,55S,567, 569 KONIGSMANN, 425, 426, 429, 652, KAPUR,SS4,9I3 KHALIFA, 542, 55S, 594, 595, 597, 6ss,664,66S,67s,67S KARL, I025, I057 003, S32, 914, I 165, I 173 KOOB, 1240, 1276 KARLSON, 6I3, 63S KIEFFER, 995, IOII, 105S, 1214, KORBOOT, 116S, 1173 KARNY, H., 545, 546, 55S, 730, 1226, 1267, 1271 KORCHEVSKY,SS6,914 763 KILLINGTON, 793, 794, 796, 799, KORMILEV, 731, 764 Karschiella, 578; forceps seg- Sr2,S13,932,939 KORMONDY, 495, 517 mented in nymph, 576 KIMMINS, 477, 4S5, 491, 52S, 531, KORNHAUSER,71I,764, 1230,1271 Karumiidae, S73 8oS, S13, 1173 KORTING, 1024, 105S KARUHIZE, 462, 47I, 473 KIMOTO,S32,S95,S96,9II,914 KORSCHELT,S46,914 KASULE, S56,9I3 king, in Isoptera, 6o6 KOSAROFF,447,452 KASSULKE,73I,76I KING, D. R., 7S0 KOSS, 4So, 491 KASZAB,S90,9IJ,9I4 KING, H. E., 771 KOVOOR,6II,6JS,6J9 KATO, I uS, 1154 KING, J. L., Ioo6, 105S, I II I, KOZHANTSHIKOV, 1143, 1154 Katydid, see Tettigoniidae 1152 KRAFT, 542,55S KAWAI, 527, 53 I King-cricket, see Australostoma KRAMER, H., 6So, 6S5, 689, 764 KAWASHIMA, 8oi, SI3 Kinnaridae, 705 KRAMER, S., 537, 55S, 745, 764 KAYE, 1142, 1154 KINSEY, I2I5, 1216, 1271 KRAUS, C., 684, 764 KEENE,623,63S KINZELBACH,427,429,922,92S, KRAUS, M., 1206, 1272 KElLIN, 96S, 97I, 973, 974, 976, 929 KRAUSS, 5S9, 590 97S,9S0,9S2,99I,993,994, KIRBY, 628,638 Krauss's organ, 550 IOI4, IOIS, IOI6, I023, I027, KIRIAKOFF, 10S2, 1164 KREMER, 914 I030, I03I, I057, I230, 127I KIRITSCHENKO, 730, 764 KRISHNA, oo6, 621, 634, 638 KEIR, 1206, I27I KIRKALDY,70S,730,739,74I, KRISTENSEN, 422, 423, 424, 425, KEIRANI, 659, 667 742,764 426,427,429,439,442,469, KELER,von,647,6ss,6sS,662, KIRKPATRICK, 926, 929 s 1o, s 11, 535, 536, s64, s6S, 664,667,66S,673,676,677 KHOO, 527, 531 570, 1075, I 102, I 105, I 125, KELLEN,736,743,764 KISSINGER, 827,899,914 1154, I 155 KELLEY, 75S KISTNER, S56, 914 KRIVOSCHEINA,993, 105S, 1000 KELLNER-PILLAULT, I I66, I I73 Klapopteryx, 528 KROMBEIN, 1207, 1231, 1245, KELLOGG,670,676,954,959,9SO, KLAUSNITZER, 8S4 1272, 1274 9S7, 1057, 1075, 1077, 1154 Kleidotoma, 1217 KRYSTOPH, 1010, 1058 KELLY, 1030, 1057 KLEINE, 903, 914 KUEI-SHIU, 731,778 Kelp flies, see Coelopidae KLEINOW, 573, 5S2 KUHL, 775 KELSEY,796,S13, 1004,1057 KLIER,6so,6ss KUHN, H. J., 678 KELTON,69Q,764 KLOCKE,7S6,790 KUHN, 0., 682, 764 KE~,624,634,63S,S44,9I4 KLOET, 817, 914 KUHNE, 823, 914 KEMPERS,S23,914 KLOFT,765 KUHTREIBER, 525, 531 KEMPTER,7S3,792 KLOTS, S73, 915, 1083, 1093, 1154 KUKALOVA,424,428,429 INDEX 1317

KUKALOVA-PECK, 424, 429, 478, Lagriidae, 886 Lasius, C/aviger in nests of, 855 49I LAIDLAW, 805, 8I3 lateral line, in Trichopterous KULLENBERG, 690,735, 764,765 LAING, 953, 1058 larvae, I I68 KUMAR,730,737,74I,765 LAIRD, 542, 558 LATTER, 114I, II55 KUNCKEL D'HERCULAIS, 543, 558, LAL,7I4,76S Lathridiidae, 884 966,969,970, I009, IOI9, IOS8 LALLEMAND,707,708,765 Lathrimaeum, 855 KUNKEL, 765 Lamarckiana, 550 LATREILLE, I I82 KUROK0,803,8I3 LAMB, C. G., 964, I059 LATTIN, 690, 748 KUSCHEL, 898, 9I4 LAMB, L., 5I7 LAUCK,746,766 LAMB, R. J., 722, 765 LAURENTIAUX,422,429 Iabella (Diptera), 955 LAMBORN, 7II, 765 LAUTERBACH,423,429,926,929 Labia, 578; L. minor; frequent LAMEERE, 875, 9I4 LAUVERJAT,542,558 flight, 592 Lamiinae, larva, 893 Lauxania aenea, larva attacks labial glands (Diptera), 966 Lamingtoniidae, 88I leaves of clover, I 02 I Labiidae, 578 Lampra, see Noctua Lauxaniidae, I02I Labioidea, 578 Lamprinus, I242 Lauxanioidea, I02I Labidura riparia, 578; ovarioles, Lampromyia, 999 LAVOIPIERRE, 685, 755, 766 few, 575 Lamprophorus tardus, 87I LAWRENCE, 885, 9I5 Labiduridae, 578; carnivorous, Lampyridae, 87 I; eyes in male, LAWSON, F. A., 594, 603 sn; two penes in male, 574 8I7; Malpighian tubules cryp• LAWSON, J. W. H., 990, I058, I059 labrum, in Coleoptera, 8I8 tonephric, united in pairs, 829 leaf-hoppers, see Cicadellidae Laccifer lacca, 728; Lepidoptera Lampyrinae, 869 leaf-insects, see Phasmida injurious to, I072; Eublemma Lampyris, abdominal ganglia, Lebia scapularis, 835 amabilis, predator on, I I44; 83o; L. noctiluca, 87I LEBRUN, 624, 638 Holcocera pulvinea, predator LANDA,484,485,49I Lecaniidae, see Coccidae on, Ill4 LANDROCK,995, I059 LECLERCQ, I25I, I272 Lacciferidae, 728 LANE, 987, I059 LECONTE, 9 I 5 lacewings, see Chrysopidae LANGE, I I23, 1155 LEDBETTER,758 Lachesilla, 654, swarming flights, Languriidae, 88I LEDOUX, I237, I272 647 LANHAM, 700, 765 LEE, D.}., 990, I059 Lachesillidae, 654 LANKESTER, 990 LEE, K. E., 6o6, 633, 638 Lachnidae, 7 I 7 LANSBURY, 740,765 LEES,72I,722,766 Lachnosterna, abdominal ganglia, Lantana, control of, by LEFEUVRE, 566,570 83o; destructive as larvae, 862; Te/eonemia, 73 I LEFROY, 709, 766, 862, 1138, 1155 Pe/ecinus, parasite of, 1226 Lantern-flies, see Fulgoridae legionary ants, see Dorylinae Lachnus, 7 I 7; on branches of Laphria, adult densely hairy, LE GRICE, I084, I I 55 woody trees, 7I7; wax glands IOo7; larval habits, IOo7; larval LEIBY, I224, I272 segmentally arranged, 697 pseudopods, 974 LEHMANN, 570 lac-insect, Indian, see Laccijer Lappets, see Lasiocampidae Leia, larva with rudimentary Lackey moth, see Malacosoma Larentiinae, I I 33 ocellus,994;cocoon,995 neustria Largidae, 739 Leiochroini, 885 LACOMBE, 584,585,588,590 Largus, 739 LEIPER, IOOO Lacosoma chiridota, I I36 Laricobius, 874 Leishmaniasis, transmission of, Lacosomidae, I I 36; frenulum Lariidae, see Bruchidae 98I lost, 1082 LARINK, 439, 442 Leistus spinibarbis, labium, 820 Laemobothriidae, 665 Larinus, 900 Lema, 895 Laemobothrion, 665; mouthparts, Larrinae, I 2 5 I Lemonia, 1137 661 LARSEN,68s,688,745,746,747,765, Lemoniidae, I I 37 Laemophloeus, 88o 846,9I5 Lemuridae, Mallophaga of, 666 Laemotmetus ferrugineus, 880 Lasiocampa, I I35 LENG, 8I7, 839, 9I5 Laetilia coccidivora, I I22 Lasiocampidae, I I35; amplexi• LENGERKEN,833,9I5 Lagoa, pupa, I I I6; L. crispata, form wing-mupling, I087; LENGERSDORF, 995, I059 metamorphoses, I I I6 cocoon, I 098; urticating hairs LENZ,978,99I, I053, I059 Lagoidae, see Megalopygidae in larva, I093 LEONARD,735,754 LAGOUTTE,837,9I4 Lasioderma serricorne, 874 LEONARDI, 727, 766 LA GRECA, 593, 594, 6o3 Lasioglossum, see also Halictus, LEONE, 544, SS8 Lagria hirta, 887 I255 Leotichiidae, 736 1318 INDEX

Leotichius, 736 system, 437-8 Leto, II06 Lepidocyrtus, 47I; claws, 465; Lepismatoidea, 440; paranotal Leucania unipuncta, larva, the with scales, 46 I lobes,435;shape,433 Army worm, I I45 Lepiceridae, 840 LEPOINTE, 593, 6oi Leucophaea, has I 5-20 ovarioles, Lepidocampa, 451; claw-like tarsal Leptinidae, 853 595 appendage, 445; with scales, Leptinillus, 853 Leucopis, adult with stridulatory 444 Leptinotarsa decemlineata, 895 apparatus, I 02 I, I 04 I; larva Lepidopsocidae, 652 Leptinus, absence of eyes, 817; L. feeds on Coccids, I 02 I Lepidoptera, 1072; anatomy, ex• testaceus, 853 Leucorrhinia, 5 IS ternal, I073-84; abdomen, Leptis, see Rhagio Leucospidae, I222 Io82, 1o83, I084;head, I073- Leptocircus, II 30 Leucospis gigas, parasite of I074; legs, I076--7; mouth• Leptoceridae, I I 72; adults fly in Cha/icodoma muraria, I222, parts, I 07 4-6; scales, I 077---f}; day time, 1 I62; lack ocelli, I257 sex-pheromones, I084; thorax, II72; larvae, II7I Leuctra, 529; female carries eggs 1076; tympanal organs, 1082; Leptocorisa, gut caeca vestigial, on back, 525; nymph without wings, I077-82, I078, 1079, 693; L. varicornis, 740 gills, 526; ovaries, 525; testes, 1080, 1o8I; wing-coupling, Leptodirus, 8 53 525 108I-2; microtrichia on, 1077; Leptofoenidae, I 223 Leuctridae, S29 anatomy, internal, 1084-8; di• Leptog/ossus, 740 LEUZINGER, 562, 570 gestive system, I084-5; dorsal Leptometopa latipes, 1042 LEVECQUE, I258, I272 vessel, 1085; pulsatile organ on Leptoper/a, s28 LEVERAULT, 592,6o3 aorta, 1085; reproductive Leptoperloidea, 528 LEVINE, 5I7 organs, female, 1086--7, 1o86, Leptophlebia, 487 LEVEY,479,49I 1088; male, Io85-6, 1086; Leptophlebiidae, 487; ovipositor, LEW, 496, 5I7 tracheal system, 1087; liter• 479 LEWIS, D. }., 982, I059 ature on anatomy, I087-8; egg, Leptophlebioidea, 486 LEWIS, H. L., II25, II 55 1089; larvae, I 089-98; internal Leptopinae, goo LEWIS, T., 782, 783, 787, 790 anatomy of larvae, I094---'7; Leptopodidae, 736 Lezina, 540 literature on larvae, 10<)7-8; Leptopsyllidae, 948 LHOSTE, 574, 582 pupa, IOI}8-IIoi, 1099; pupal Leptopsyllus segnis, 943 Libelloides, see Ascalaphus abdomen, I 100; internal struc• Leptopus marmora/us, 736 Libellu/a, SIS; Libellula qua· ture, IIoo; types of pupae, Leptothorax acervorum, host of 4 drimaculata, migration, 496 I Ioo-oi; classification, 427, socially parasitic ants, 1244; L. Libellulidae, nymphal gills, 509, I IOI-46; number of species, emersoni, two ovarioles, 1 I95 SI4 I072; literature, I I47-6I; affi• Leptyniella, tubular sperm reser- Libelluloidea, 5 I 4; prementum nities, 427; differences from voirs, 565 lacks movable hook, 497 Trichoptera, I I62-3; LEROY, 547, 558 Libythea celtis, I I27 Cretaceous fossil, I073 LE QUESNE, 705, 7I3, 766 Libytheinae, //27 Lepidoptera Haustellata and lerp, see Spondyliaspinae lice, bird, see Mallophaga Laciniata, IIOI, II02 Lesneia, 65 4 lice, plant, see Aphidoidea Lepidosaphes, digestive system, LESPERON, IOI}8, II 55 lice, sucking see Siphunculata 69s; L. u/mi, polyphagous, 726, Lesser bee moth, see Achroia LICENT, 693, 766 729; male pupa, 727 LESTAGE,48I,49I, II7I, II73 LICHTENSTEIN, 723, 12 I2, I272 Lepidoscelio, I227 Lestes, 5I2 LIEFTINCK, 5IO, 517 Lepidotrichiidae, 440 Lestidae, 5 I 2 LIENHART, 736, 767 Lepinotus, seminal vesicles, sper• Lestinoidea, characters, s I 2 LIGHT, 623, 624, 638, 639 matophore, 650 Lestodiplosis, 996 Lilioceris, 895 Lepisma, 44I; alimentary canal, LESTON, 688, 69o, 700, 702, 730, Limacodes, larva of Systropus, 436; female gonopore, 438; 735.740,74I,743.766,776 parasitic on, IDOl} mandibles, 435; number of styles, Lestonia haustorifera, 740 Limacodidae, II I7 435 Lestoniidae, 7 40 Limnephilidae, American larvae, Lepisma saccharina, 410, 43 I, Letaba bedfordi, 735 117I; larvae, 117I; ocelli 432,434 LETHIERRY, 703,766 present, I I 72; thoracic glands, Lepismatidae, 44I; number of Lethocerus, 7 46; 'defensive' 1168 spiracles, 437; parasitized by glands only in male, 696; only Limnephiloidea, I I7I, I I72 Mengenillidae, 928; relation• 2 Malpighian tubules, 694; L. Limnephilus, anatomy of head, ships, 423; reproductive grandis, I I .o em long, 746 tibia and tarsus of hind leg, INDEX 1319

1163; claspers absent, u65; Lithocolletis, see Phyllonorycter Lophopteryx, see Ptilodon mandibles, 1163 Lithoneura, 485 Lophyrus, see Diprion Limnerium, see Olesicampe Lithosiidae, see Arctiidae lora, in Homoptera, see mandib- Limnichidae, 865 Lithosiinae, 1143 ular plates Limnobia, biology, 980 Litodactylus, 900 LORENZ, H., 12o6, 1272 Limnobiinae, 1)8o Litomastix, 1224 LORENZ, R. E., 1103, 1155 Limnophilus, see Limnephilus LITTIG, 562, 570 Loricera, larva, 834 Limnophora, 1027; L. riparia, Liturgusinae, 599 Lorisidae, Mallophaga, on, 666 female reproductive organs, Litus krygeri, parasite of eggs of lorum (of Hymenoptera), see 1)68; larval cephalopharyngeal Ocypus olens, 1225 submentum skeleton, 973 Livia, with ocular tubercles, 682; louse, Common (of man), see Limonius, 869 L. juncorum, makes galls on Pediculus Limo thrips cerealium, 783, 789; Juncus, 715 louse, Crab, see Pthirus mass flights and migrations, LLOYD, J. E., 872, 915 louse, Hog, see Haematopinus suis 783 LLOYD, Ll., II45, II 55 LOUVEAUX,538,558 Limulodidae, 852 L0,684,767 LOWE, 723,767 LINDEMANN, 468,473 Loa loa, transmitted by Chrysops, LOWNE,963,969,970, 1059 LINDINGER,727,767 1000 LOWTHER,988, 1059 LINDNER,EBERHARD,980, 1059 LOBANOV, 1024, 1039, 1059 LUBBEN, 1012, 1059, II7I, II73 LINDNER, ERWIN, 978, 989, 995, Loboptera, Zeuxevania splendidu/a, Lucanidae, 8s8; stridulation in 1031, 1041, 1044, 1045, 1059 parasite of, 1213 larva, 827; mandibles, 818 LINDROTH, 844, 915 Loboscelidiidae, I 229 Lucanus, air-sacs, 830; dorsal LINDSAY, E., 439, W locust, see Orthoptera, Caelifera; vessel, 83o; Lucanus cervus, LINDSAY, K. L., 718, 767 definition, 551; Desert, 553; adult, 858; larva, 851)-6<>; larval linea ventralis, in Protura, 454 Migratory, see Locust a stridulating organ, 859; pupa, LING ROTH, 566, 570 migratoria; Red, 553; phase 86o lingual sclerites, in Psocoptera, theory, 551-2; egg-pods, LUCAS, R., II63, II68, II73 648 Scelio, a parasite of, 1227 LUCAS, W. J., 510, 517, 577, 582 lingula of vasiform orifice, 716 Locusta, wings, 540; L. Lucilia, 1030; thorax, 96o; L. Linognathidae, 676 migratoria, 553; phases, 552 caesar, saprophagous, 1030; Linognathus, 672 Locustidae, see Tettigoniidae Alysia, parasite of 1212; L. LINSENMAIER, 1229, 1272 Locustopsidae, 544 sericata, L. cuprina, causing LINSLEY, 873, 892, 915, 927, 930 LOEW, F., 1044, 1059 myiasis in sheep, 1030 Liodes, 853 LOEW, H., 796, 813 Luciola lusitanica, 872 Liomyza, 1040 Lohita grandis, 739 LUDWIG, 676, 678 Liopteridae, I2I7 LOHSE, 817, 910 Luffia, IIIo Liothrips, 789; L. oleae, pest of LOMBARDI, 863, 915 Lumbricids, Unesia, parasitic on, olive, 789; arrhenotokous par• Lomechusa, aberrant larva in ants' 1031; Pollenia, parasitic on, thenogenesis, sex-ratios nests, 856, 1243; effect on 1031; Sarcophaginae, parasitic unequal, 783; L. urichi, con• Formica sanguinea, 1237 on, 1030 trols Clidemia hirta, 783 Lonchaea, male eyes enlarged, LUNA DE CARVALHO, 928,930 Lipara lucens, 1043 1020; larval habits, 1020; L. LUNDBECK, 1001, 1003, 1007, Lipeurus heterographus, only 9 aristella, damaging figs, 1020 1059 abdominal segments, 662; L. Lonchaeidae, I020 LUSCHER,624,639 caponis, 659 Lonchaeoidea, I020 Lutzomyia, 981 Liphyra brassolis, life-history, Lonchodes, 568 LYALL,993, 1059 II29; adult, 1128 Lonchoptera, IDI3; larva, 1014; L. Lycaenidae, I I27; androconia, Liptoptena cervi, 1035 lutea, adult, male, 1013; L. 1079; claws single or absent in Liposcelidae, 653; modified tristis, female wing, 1013 some species, 1077; dorsal thorax, 648 Lonchopteridae, I oI 3 gland in larva, 1093; larva, Liposcelis, apterous booklice, 646; Lonchopteroidea, IDI3 1128; in ants' nests, 1241; first habitats of, 653 longevity of lsoptera, 626 segment of hind tarsi swollen Liriomyza pusilla, 1041 LONGFIELD, 510, 516, 517 in some males, 1077 LISON, 829, 915 Longicornia, see Cerambycidae Lycia (Nyssia) zonaria, 1099 Lispinae, 1027 Lophocateridae, 876 Lycidae, 873; metathoracic spir• Lissodema, 887 Lophocoronidae, I IDS acles in larva, 837; mimicry in, LIST, 691, 767 Lophopidae, 707 873 IJ20 INDEX

Lycoria, see Sciara which stabilizes foam, 694 Magicicada, 7 instars, 702; Lyctidae, 875; Lyctus brunneus, Machilidae, 440; allied to M. septemdecim, 709; 709, 710; adult, larva, 876; L. linearis, Monura, 423; number of spir• head, 681 adult, 876 acles, 437; reproductive MAILLET, 723, 767 Lyctocoris, haemocoelic fecunda• system, 437-8 MAIWALD, 461, 473 tion, 6c}c}; L. campestris, 735 Machilis, 440; enteric caeca, 436; MAKEL, 726, 767 Lycus, mimicked by Afrodecius, gonapophyses in male, 436; MAKI, 564, 570 732; L. loripes, aposematic number of vesicles, 436 mala, in Coleoptera, 818 assemblage, S73 Machiloidea, 440; shape, 433 Malachius, S7S Lygaeidae, 737; labium 4- MACKAUER,722,767 Malacosoma neustria, 1135; egg• segmented, 6S~ hemelytron, MaCKAY,I073,I097,II20,II55 deposition, 10S9; wing• 686; viviparous species, 700 MACKERRAS, 421, 429, 1001, 1059 venation, 1136; Carcelia gnava, Lygaeoidea, 737 MACKIE, 1107, 115S parasite of, 1033; M. amer• Lygaeus, 3 ventral ganglia, li«n; L. MaCKINNON,597,6o3 icana, 1135 apuans, salivary gland, 6c)6 MaCLAGAN,46S,473 malaria, transmission of, 951, Lygocerus, larva with 2 pairs of MaCLEOD,SOI,So6,SI3 9S5-6 spiracles in first in star, 7 in MacNAMARA, 461, 473 MALICKY, 112S, 1155 last, 1196, 122S; host, 122S MaCNEILL, 509,517 MALLOCH, 736,741, 76S, 977, 97S, Lygus, mandibular and maxillary macrochaetae (Diptera), see 9S2,999. 1001,1004,1041, stylets closely locked, 6S2; bristles 106o bending of rostrum, 61!4; L. Macrodiplactidae, 5 I 4 Mallophaga, 658; anatomy exter• pabulinus, 735 Macrodontia cervicornis, S17 nal, 66o-62; mouthparts, 661; LYMAN, 4S4, 491 Macroglossum, 1139 anatomy internal, 662-3; post• Lymantria dispar, the Gipsy moth, Macrolepidoptera, I IOI embryonic development, 663- 1145; Schedius kuwanae, a Macropis, 1256 4; taxonomic relations to hosts, parasite of, 1195; Calosoma, Macroscelididae, 658-9; injurious species, 659- predator on, S41; L. monacha, Neolinognathidae on, 676 6o; phoresy, 658-9; bacteria in Nun moth, 1145 Macrosiphum, 7I7 gut, 659; affinities and phy• Lymantriidae, 1145; adults, larva, Macrosteles, dendrites in sty• logeny, 426, 652, 664; classifi• 1146; abdominal defensive lets, 683; M.fasciifrons, migra• cation, 664-6; literature, 666-1} gland in larva, 1093; some tion, 713 Mallota, 1017 larvae live in a communal web, Macrotermes, 635; dimorphic MALOEUF, 505, 517 1093; urticating hairs in larva, workers separable in 2nd Malpighian tubules in 1093 instar, 622; worker sometimes Coleoptera, 829; in Diptera, Lymexylidae, 878 dimorphic, 61S; great size of adult, 966; Diptera, larvae, Lymexyloidea, characters, 850, nests, 632, 632 976; in Hymenoptera, 1191 878 Macrotermitinae, food of brood, MALYSHEV, 1255, 1256, 1272 Lymexylon, larva, 87S 62S; fungus gardens, 629; MAMAEV,993, 105S, Io6o L~RG,987, 1001,1027,1046, quiescence at moult, 621; Mammalia; Noctuids feeding on 1049. 1059 soldiers, female, 619; large blood or eyes, 1143; LYONNET, 1096,1097,1155 workers male, small ones, Siphunculata of, 67o; Lyperosia, 1025 female, 61S Carnivora, Mallophaga on, Lysandra coridon, 112S Macrothylacia rubi 665; Triatoma, sucks blood of, Lytta (Cantharis), in Britain, (Lasiocampidae), larval 732 source of cantharidin, 89o, 1191 head, IO!Ic} MAMMEN, 691, 767 Macrotoma heros, S92 mandibles, provisional, 81S, S99; MAA, 708, 767, 1036, 1059, 1229, Macrosiagon, SS9 in Coleoptera, S1S; in 1272 Macroxyela, 1202 Collembola, 463; in Diptera, MABIILE, 1131, 1155 Mac5WAIN, 895,915,927,930 955; of adult Lepidoptera, MACAN, 4S1, 483, 4S4, 4S5, 491, Maculinea arion, testicular fol- 1074-5; of pupal Lepidoptera, 730,748,767 licles in common scrotum, 1099 MaCDOWELL,S36,907 1085; late larva preys on mandibular glands; (Dipterous MACFIE,99Q, 1059 Myrmica larvae, 112S larvae), 976; (Hymenoptera), MaCGILLIVRAY,727,767,S95,915 MADDEN, 1o8S, 1155 1192; (Lepidopterous), 1097; MacGREGOR,986, 1059 MADLE,S62,915 internal gland, 1192 Machaerotidae, 708; Malpighian MADWAR, 97S, 993, I06o mandibular plates, in Hemiptera, tubules produce substance MAGGIONCALDA, 1016, 1058 682 INDEX 1321 mandibular scars, in MARSDEN-JONES, 1217, 1272 MATIIYSSE, 668 Curculionidae, 818 MARSHALL, A. T., 694, 7o8, 709, mating-swarms, in mandibular sclerites, 972 710, 753. 768 Ephemeroptera, 48o MANFRINI DE BREWER, 889, 915 ~LL,G.A.K.,818,873,903, MATSUDA, 478, 491, 685, 737, 744, Manicapsocidae, 653 915, 1127, 1156 762, 768, 779 MANGAN, 836 ~LL, J. F., 987, 1o6o MATSUMURA, 613, 639 MANNA, 730, 767 MARSHALL, W., 562, 570 MATTHES, 1088, 1110, 1156 MANNHEIM, 987, 106o MARSHALL, W. S., 746 MATHEWS, 853, 915 MANSBRIDGE, 994, 106o Marsupialia, Mallophaga on, MATTHEWS, E. G., 833,862,911 Mansonia, 2 spermathecae, 967 665; Cuterebra, parasite of, 1029 MATTHEWS, R. W., 1251, 1253, Mantibaria manticida, 1227 MARTELLI, 1223, 1272 1268, 1273 Mantidae, 6oi MARTEN,447,452 MATTINGLY,987, 1o6o Mantids, see Mantodea MARTIN, C. T., 942 MAULIK, 809, 813 Mantis religiosa, mating, 598--9, MARTIN, J. E. H., 1014, 1o61 maxillae, in Coleoptera, 818 597 MARTIN, M., 664, 668 maxillary plates, in Hemiptera, Mantispa styriaca, 8o3; larva of, MARTYNOV,421,422,424,429 682 8o3 MARTYNOVA,422,429, 1103,1156 maxillary tentacle, in Tegeticula, Mantispidae, 802 Maruina, 982 1075~ Mantispoidea, 8oi Masaridae, I250 MAXWElL, 484,491 Mantodea, 592, 6oi; fossil, 425, MASCHWITZ, 829,918 MAY, 510, 517 599; gizzard simple, 595; heart, mask (in Odonata), see nymphal MAYER, A. G., 1077, 1156 595; mating, 598; ootheca, labium, 505 MAYER, C., 661, 662, 668 598--9; eggs parasitized by MASKEJL,F.G.,537,545,558 MAYER, H., 468, 474 Podagrionic:tae, 1222; par• MASKElL, W. M., 1006, 1007,106o MAYER, K., 978, 1022, 1o6o asitized by Stichotrematidae, MASNER, 1225, 1272, 1273 MAYET, 890, 915 928; predatory behaviour, 597; MASON, J. B., 538,541, 550, 558 Mayetiola, pupa in a puparium, Thaumaglossa, predatory on MASON, W. R. M., 1210, 1273 996; Platygaster a parasite of, eggs, 873; pronymph, 599 Mason bee, see Chalicodoma 1228; M. destructor, 995; Mantoididae, 6oi muraria Platygaster minutus, a parasite MANTON, 423, 429, 434, 435, 442, MASSEE, 881, 915 of, 1228 444.445,450,452,458,459, MASSONAT, 1035, 1o6o mayflies, see Ephemeroptera 461,462,463,465,4~,473 MASSOUD,462,4~,474 MAYR, 1221 manubrium, in Collembola, 466 mass provisioning, in MCALPINE, D. K., 995, 1014, 1020, MANWElL, 1o65 Hymenoptera Aculeata, 1176 1037, 1040, 1049, 1o6o Many-plume moths, see Mastotermes, 634; cerci of 5 MCALPINE, J. F., 1014, 102.2, 1o6o, Orneodidae segments, 611; claws with 1o61 ~OROSCH,723,767 empodium, 609; Cryptocercus, MCATEE, 736, 738, 741, 768, 1001, Marbled white, Satyrinae, 1125 resemblance to, 633-4; colonies 1o61 MARCHAL,723,767,999, 1021, large, 624; eggs laid in clusters, M~N,809,813 106o, 1224, 1272 621; no true workers, 617; MCCOLL, 510, 518 MARCHAND, 1001, 1012, 106o reduced ovipositor, 611; sol• MCCOLLOCH, IIQ8, 122.7, 1273 MARCUZZI, 886, 915 diers sexually differentiated, MCDONALD,740,768 Margarodes, 727, 728 611, 619; sternal gland, 613; MCDONOUGH,737,768 Margarodidae, 727 tarsi with five segments, 6o8; MCFADDEN, 1003, 1o61 marginal vein in Chalcids, 1184 venation primitive, 609; wing• MCGREGOR,737,768,798,814 marine insects; Aepophilus, 736; folding, 425; wings, 633; with MCGUFFIN, 1132, 1156 Chironomidae, 99()--()1; no fracture line, 610 MCINDOO, 882,916 Halobates, 744; Halovelia, 743; Mastotermitidae, 634; fossil, 633; MCKENZIE, 728, 729, 768 Omaniidae, 736 pseudergates, 620 MCKITTRICK, 425, 429, 594, 6o3, MARKL, 809, 813 . maternal care; in Copris, 862; in 611, 634, 639 ~.594,6o3,689.~2,767 Dermaptera; 577; in Dielocerus, MCLACHLAN, 525, 531, 1163, 1173 MARLATT, 710,767, 1119, 1156, 1205; in Elasmucha, 741; in MCMAHAN, 618, 639 1205, 1272 Geotrupidae, 86o; in MCNEW, 903, 916 MARLIER, 434, 442, 462, 473, 1172, Membracidae, 711-12; in Meadow-brown, Satyrinae, 1125 1173 Perga, 1205 Meal worm, see larva of Tenebrio Maroga, III4 MATHESON, 987, 1o6o Mealy bugs, see Coccoidea, MARQUARDT,565,570 MATHUR, 497, 517 Pseudococcidae IJ22 INDEX

Mecinus, 899 Megoura viciae, influence of Melophagus; adult, 1035; on Mecoptera, 932; anatomy, exter• crowding and day-length on sheep, I035; food-reservoir nal, 933-6; sperm-pump as in wing development, 72I-2 wanting, 965; halteres absent, Diptera, 936; anatomy, internal, MEHTA, I084, 1156 963; 4 ovarioles, 967 936; metamorphoses, 937-8; MEIJERE, de, 974, IOI3, IOI6, MELLANBY,734,768 affinities, 426, 938; classifica• I043, Io6I MELLQ-LEITAO, 553, 558 tion, 938; literature, 938-40 MEILLON, de, 989, 990, I052, 106I Me/oe, abdominal ganglia, 830; Mecostethus grossus, 55 I MEINANDER, 800, 8I3 attracting Anthicidae, 89 I; in MEDEM, 647, 656 MEINERT,798,8o8,8I3,845,855, Britain, 8QO; life-history, 890; Medetera, IOI2 9I6, 977, I06I mid intestine, 827; M. proscar• median segment (Hymenoptera), Meinertellidae, 440; without a/Jaeus, adult, 889 see propodeum scales, 433 Meloidae, 889; eggs, 832; Mediterranean flour moth, see MEINERTZHAGEN, 659, 667 apodous larva, 835; first instar Ephestia kuehniella MEIXNER, 839, 9I6 larva, 834; hypermetamor• Mediterranean fruit fly, see Melanagromyza aeneiventris, I04I phosis, 835; larval claws, 836; Ceratitis capitata MELANDER, 42I, 427, 588, 59 I, intestine, 827; ovarioles, 832; Medocostidae, 733 I265 prostheca, 8 I8; supposed affi• MEDWAY, 578, 582 Melanderia, predatory adaptation nity to Strepsiptera, 922, 926 Meenoplidae, 70.5 oflabellum, IOI2 Melolontha, abdominal ganglia, Megachile, 5 abdominal ganglia in Melandryidae, 888 83o; dorsal vessel, 830; respir• female, four in male, 1193; Melanitis, bases of wing-veins not atory system, 83o; abdominal habits, 12 56; Coelioxys, par• swollen, I 126; seasonal forms, ganglia of larva concentrated, asite of, I257 1126 838; M. melolontha, 858; Megachilidae, I 256; 2o-30 Melanochelia, see Limnophora abdomen, 826; alimentary Malpighian tubules, I I9I; Me/anoplus, development of canal, 828; life-history, 86I Chrysis, parasite of, I23I wings, 543; labium, 538; Melolonthinae, 86I Megacrania, 568 oviposition, 55 I; Epicauta, lar• Melusina, I I 10; Me/usina energa, Megalagrion oahuensis, early val parasite on eggs, 890 IIIO stages not aquatic, 495, 503; Melanostoma, larva feeds on Melyridae, 877 reduction of gills, 5 IO aphids and nymphs of Homop• Membracidae, 7 I I; pronotum Megalodontidae, I 202 tera, IOI7; larva, shape of, enlarged, shape often bizarre, Megalodontoidea, I 202 IOI8; pupa, IOI9 685; Dryinidae, parasites of, Megaloprepus, 495 Melanthrips, 788 I23o; with Formicidae, I24I Megaloptera, 794; affinities, 426 Melanotus, 869 membrane, of hemelytra, in Megalopyge, cocoon-cutter, IIOI Me/asis buprestoides, 870 Heteroptera, 686 Megalopygidae, I I I6; glandular Melecta, mouthparts, I I8o; Menacanthus, 665; food, 658 hairs in larva, I093; lateral parasite of Anthophora, 1258 Mengeidae, tarsi with claws, 924 abdominal glands in larvae, Melenia, 705 Mengenilla, tarsi with claws, 924 I093 Melese laodamia, ultrasonic sig- Mengenillidae, female free-living, Megalothorax, 47 I nals, 1083 924, 928; hosts, 928 Megalyra, I2I3 MELICHAR,704,706,707,768 Mengenilloidea, 928 Megalyridae, I2I3 Meligethes, 879; M. aeneus, 879 Mengeoidea, 928; female with 8 Megamerinidae, I039 MELIN, I007, I06I pairs of abdominal spiracles, Megandiperla, nymph lives out of Melipona, adult with no contact 925 water, 525--6 with larva, I I76; takes some MENKE,746,766 Meganeura, fossil, 495, 5IO animal food, 1255; Menopon, 665; M. gallinae, 659, Meganisoptera, 5IO Scotocryptus, in nests of, 853 665; M. pallidum, 659 Megapodagriidae, 5 I I Meloponinae, I 26o; nature of Menoponidae,665 Megarhinus, see Toxorhynchites colony, II76 MERCER, 596, 603 Megasecoptera, 424 MELIS, 783, 787, 79I MERCET, I224, I273 Megasoma elephas, 8I7 Melitaea, Nymphalinae, I I27 MERCIER, 939 Megastigmus, I22I Melittobia, I224 Meonura, I042 Megathrips, 789 Melittomma, larva, 878; M. MERGELSBERG, IOI5, ro6r Megathyminae, larva, I I3I insulare, 878 MERLE, 1008, I06I Megathymus, not now put in Me/linus arvensis, I 2 53 Mermis, parasite modifying For• Castniidae, but in Hesperiidae, Melitta, 1256 micids, 1236; Formicid par• Ill9 Mellitidae, I 256 asites, I 243 INDEX 1323

Merodon, larva feeds in bulbs, Metatetranychus ulmi, Micropezoidea, ID37 Narcissus and Amaryllis, 1017, Blepharidopterus, predator of, Microphysidae, 734 1019; M. equestris, 1019 73S Microplitis, vesiculate larva, 121 I Merope, 938 Methocha ichneumonides, 1233 Micropterigidae, I Io3; 4th and Meropeidae, 938 Metoecus paradoxus, 889, I 249 StQ abdominal ganglia fused, Merophysia, 884 Meto/igotoma, s83 1o8s; affinities, 427, 1 104; Merophysiidae, 884 Metopia, 1030 female genital ducts, 1088; meropleurite (Diptera), see hypo• Metopina, 1243 larval legs, 1092; testicular pleuron Metroxena, 898 follicles in common scrotum, Merothripidae, 789 Mexican cotton boll weevil, see Io8s; venation, 108o, wing• Merothripoidea, 789; primitive Anthonomus grandis coupling, 108I thrips, 788 MEYRICK, 1073, II02, II04, II 10, Micropterix, labrum, 1073; larva, Merothrips, 789 1112, III4, IllS, II2S, 1131, food plants, 1 103; mandibles, Meryx, 88s II33, IIS6 IIOI; mouthparts, 1104; pupal mesadenia, in Coleoptera, 832 Mezirinae, as an Aradid sub• genital aperture, 1 Ioo; M. Mesembrina meridiana, viviparity, family, 737 ammanella, hypopharynx, 968 MIALL,8S0,9I6,gs4,967,970, 107s; M. calthella, II03 Mesitiinae, connect Bethylids 976, 978, 980, 982, 1002, 1019, Micropteryx, see Micropterix with Chrysidids, 1229 1041, 1061, 1062, I 122, IIS6 micropyles, in Hemiptera, 700; in Mesitiopterus, 123 I MICHENER, u 38, II s8, II 76, Lepidopterous eggs, 1089 MESNIL, I 0 3 I, I 042, I 046, 106 I II78, II89, 1200, I2SS, I2S8, Microsania, 1016 Mesochorus (lchneumonidae), 1261, 1273. 1279 Microstigmus, 12so, I2SI larva, 1199 MICKEL, 1234, 1273 Microtermes, 63.5; soldier head Mesogramma polita, larva exter• MICKOLEIT, E., 783, 791 and mandibles, 6o8 nally phytophagus, 1017; oc• MICKOLEIT, G., 426, 427, 430, 78S, microtrichia (in Lepidoptera), casionally harmful to corn, 79I,933.936,938,940,9S9. see aculei 1019 1062 Microvelia capitata, 743 mesopleural sulcus (Diptera), 961 Microbracon, II78 MIDDLETON, 1204, 1273 mesopleuron (special sense in Microcerotermes, formation of mid gut closed in larval Diptera), 96 I new colonies, 62 s; intermediate Planipennia, 799 Mesopsocidae, 6.5 4 castes, 61 s; supplementary migrantes, in aphids, 719 Mesopsocus, 6S4 reproductives often numerous, migrations of Pieridae and sug- mesospermalege, 699 6!6 gested explanations, 1 129 Mesotrichia, see Xylocopa Microchrysa (Stratiomyidae), MILES,68s,fl9S,769 Mesove/ia, 7 43; chorion of egg larva, 91)8 Milichiidae, 1041-2 thin, solid, 700 Microcoryphia, 439, 440 MILL, S07, SI7 Mesoveliidae, 743 Microdon, larva in nests of ants MILLER, A., S2S, S3I Messor; larva regurgitating food and termites, 1017, 1242; MILLER, E. M., 622, 627, 639 for adults as in Vespa, 1240; shape of larva, I o I 9 MILLER, H. K., S9S, 6oo, 6o3 secreting a herbicide, 1240; a Microdus, polypodeiform larva, MILLER, L.A., 8o6, 813 seed-gatherer, 1239 II98 MILLER, N. C. E., 688, 703, 730, metafurca, in Coleoptera, 82 I Microeurybrachys, 707 732,7S3.769 Metajapyx, 4.5I Microgaster, cocoon, 12 II; MILLIRON, 1231, 1273 Metallycidae, 6oi vesiculate larva, II98, 1199, MILLS,474, S3S,S36,S89, S91 METALNIKOV, 1121, IIS6 12II; M. connexus, 1212 MILNE, 468,474 metapleuron (special sense in Microhodotermes, 634 Miltogramma, 1030 Diptera), 961 Microlepidoptera, I Ioi; with Mimallonidae, see Lacosomidae metapneustic tracheal system, reduced jugum, 1081 mimicry, of aculeate 97S Micromalthidae, 84o; hyper• Hymenoptera by Conopidae, Metarbelidae, I I I 7 metamorphosis, 83s; larval 1043; of Hymenoptera by metasoma, see gaster claws, 836 Ctenuchidae, II42; ofVespids Metasyrphus nitens, larva and Micromalthus debilis, 840 by Clytus arietis, 892-3; in pupa, 1018; larva eating Micromus, wings, 8os Lycidae, 873; ofDanaines by Pterocomma, 1019 Micronecta, associates with Papilionids, II3o; of METCALF, C. L., 1019, 1061 S pongilla, stridulation, 748 Heliconinae by lthomiinae and METCALF, Z. P., 702, 703, 704, 70S, Micropeplus, larva, 8s6 Pieridae, I 12S 707,709,71I,768,769 Micropezidae, 1037 MINCHIN,946,949 1324 INDEX

Mindarus, 717 Momphidae, see Morpho, distribution, I 126; MINGAZZINI,827,837,916 Cosmopterygidae scales, I 077 MINER, 545, 561 Monema (Limacodidae), Chrysis MORRILL, 7I5, 742,769,770 Ministry of Agriculture, 1029, shanghaiensis parasite of, 1231 MORRIS, 992, 1062 ro62 Monoctenidae. see Geometridae MORRISON, E. R., 479, 492 Miomantis, 6o1; number of MONOD, 731, 769 MORRISON, H., 727, 728, 770 oothecae laid, 599 Monodontomerus, structure, I I78; MORTIMER, 1084, 1156, 1165, Miomoptera, 424 M. obso/etus, parasite of 1173 MORTON, 1117, IISI Miridae, 735; cuneus, 686; bursa Lepidoptera and Mortoniella (Glossosomatidae), copulatrix, hemelytron, Hymenoptera, 1222 698; pupa destroyed by a 686; labium 4-segmented, 684; Monoedus, 885 Hemerodromiine, 1011 micropyles, 701 Monomachus, 1227 MOSCONA, 566, 570 Mirina christoph;, 1135 887 Monomma indicum, MOSELY, 1163, 117I, 1173 Mirotermes, soldier mandibles, Monommidae, 887 MOSHER, I098, 1100, 1102, 1109, 6o8 Mononychidae,see mirror, in Ensifera, 546, 547 Gelastocoridae II I6, 1129, 1138, 1141, 1142, 1144, 1156 MISCHCHENKO, 544. 555 Monophadnoides, larva with bifur• mosquitoes, see Culicidae Miscogasterinae, 1223 cate spines, 12o6 Motes, habits, 125I Miscophus, 1251 Monopis rusticella, only 2 MISRA, 628, 639 MOTHES, 56o, 570 Malpighian tubules, 1085 Moth flies, see Psychodidae MITCHELL, 1255, 1273 adult with a mealy Monophlebus, Moths, see Lepidoptera MITIS, 69o, 7#. 769 coating, 727; spiracles, 69r MITTELSTAEDT,597,6o4 MOULINS, 52I, 532, 572, 582, 593, Monostegia abdomina/is, parthen• MITTLER,685,722,769 004 ogenetic, 12o6 MITZMAIN, 941,948,949, 1027, moults, in Orthoptera, 543; 1o62 Monotoma, 879 regressive, in lsoptera, 622 Monotrysia, /IOJ, I ros; cloacal MIYAKE, 932,933,936,937,940, MOUND, 7IS, 770,784,785,788, 964,969,1045, 1o62 opening, 1087;crop, 1084; 79I MIYAMOTO, 692,698,769 some females with fibula on MOURE, 1258, 1270 MjOBERG,873,916 forewing, Io8r; mouth-hooks, see mandibular Mnemonica, 1105; free abdominal Microlepidoptera, 1 I or; scler• sclerites segments in pupa, 1 roo; mand• otized ovipositor, I 084 mouthparts, degenerate in adult ibles, 1075; maxillae, r ros; Monura,423 Ephemeroptera, 478; in superlinguae in larva, 1090; MOOK,I043,1049, 1062 Isoptera, 6o8 venation, ro8o; M. subpurpur• MOORE, B. P., 613, 639, 829, 916 MOUZE, 505, 5I7 ella, wing-venation, ro8o MooRE, r., Ss6, 9I6 mucro, in Collembola, 466 Mnesarchaeidae, 1105; MOORE, N. W., 495, SI6, 5I7 MUESEBECK, 1200, 1211, I273, Mnesarchaea, 1105 MOORE, T. E., 690, 7IO, 713, 748, I274 MOCKFORD,646,6s2,656 769.774 MUGGENBERG, I037, Io62 MOELLER, 1240, 1273 Morabinae, 5 49 MUHLENBERG, 1008, 1062 Mordella, abdominal ganglia, 830 MUIR,690,704,705,742,770, MOERICKE, 696, 769 Mordellidae, 888 MOGGRIOOE, 1240 Mordellistena, 8B9 825, 896, 9I6, 919, 1037, 1062 Mogoplistes, 548 MORENO, 565, 570 MUIRHEAD-THOMSON, 972, 978, MOHN, 991>, ro62 MORETTI, I 167, I I73 987, Io62 JllOla of larval mandible, in MORGAN, A. H., 481, 491 MUKERJI, 588, 59 I Coleoptera, 836 MORGAN, F. D., 6o6, 639 MULKERN, 551, 559 mole-crickets, see Gryllotalpidae MORGAN, j. G., 117I, 1173 MULLER, F., 682, 1062 mole-crickets, pygmy, see MORGAN, T. H., 72I, 769,963 MULLER, G., 474 Tridactylidae MORGE, 1020, 1062 MULLER, G. w., 1122, 1156 Molannidae, larvae, I I7I MORIMOTO, 827, 903, 916 MULLER, H. j., 689, 770 Mollusca; Drilus, larva preys on, MORISON, 788, 791 MULLER, K., 484,492,786,787, 87o; Limicolaria preyed on by MORLEY, 1207, I2IO, 1273 79I Selasia, 87o; Lampyridae prey Mormolyce, 844 MULLER, W., 1127, 1156 on, 871; Phosphuga, preys on. Mormoniella vitripennis, see MULLER-RUTZ, I07J, I 100 853; Sarcophaginae, parasitic N asonia brevicornis MULLIGAN, I033, 1062 on, 1030; Sciomyzidae, Mormotomyidae, 1041 MUNCHBERG,496,504,517 predacious on, 103~ Morphinae, 1126 MUNDINGER, 733, 770 INDEX 1325

MUNK, licJJ, 770 Mutillidae, 1234; female Mymecolacidae, 928 MUNRO, I04S, I06z apterous, I ISs; one a parasite Myrmecolax, host, 928, I243 MUNSCHEID, SOS, SIS of Glossina, 12.34 myrmecophiles, definition, I24I MUNZ, SIS MUTUURA, IOS6, I092., I I02, I IOS, Myrmecophilinae, myrmeco- Murgantia histrionica, 742. us6 philes, S48 Muridae, Polyp/ax on, 67z, 676 Myathropa, IOI7 Myrmecophila, 548, I242 Murmidius, habitat, SSI Myolepta, IOI7 Myrmedonia, 8s6, I242 MURPHY, 47S, 492. mycangia, 88o, 903 Myrmeleon, 8o8; larva and pupa, MURRAY, 67s, 67S Mycetaea hirta, 884 lloc); M. contractus, habitat, Mus (house mouse), Mycetobia, 99I Bog; M.formicarius, life• Siphonaptera on, 943 mycetocytes, in Mallophaga, 6S9 history, 8o8 Musapsocidae, 653 mycetomes, in Homoptera, 700 Myrmeleontidae, 8o8; tip offore Musca, anatomy, 970; air-sacs, Mycetophagidae, 885 wing, Sot) 969; alula and squama, 963; Mycetophila; apparent epicranial Myrmeleontoidea, 8o8 accessory glands m female sulcus, 9sz; larva with Myrmica, Atemeles in nests of in long, filiform, 967; absent in rudimentary ocellus, 994; lar• winter, Ss6, I243; M. rubra male, 96cJ; cause of secondary vae attacking Psalliota (mush• (laevinodis), stridulatory organ, myiasis, 97I; cocoon oc• rooms), 995 182 casionally formed, 977; Mycetophilidae, 993; antenna, Myrmicinae, large sting, 12.35; ejaculatory apodeme, 969; 9S4; larvae, 97S; larval antenna lower genera carnivorous, food-reservoir, 965-6; heart, reduced to papilla, 972.; larvae I239; various genera harv• 969; labial glands, 966; number fungivorous, 970 esters, 12.39 of abdominal segments, 964; Mycetophiloidea, 993 Myrmoecia, I242 nervous system, 11 I; rectal Mycetozoa, Sphindidae feed on, Myrmosa, I233 papillae 4, 966; salivary glands, 879 Myrmosinae, female apterous, 966; larval heart posterior with Mycteridae, 887 u8s 3 chambers, 976; Malpighian Mycterus, 888 Myrmus, 740 tu buies joined in pairs, 976; Mydaea, IOZ7 Myrsidea, 66s; M. cucularis, pupal spiracles on anterior Mydasidae, see Mydidae tracheal system, 66o spines, 977; Nasonia and Mydas heros, habits, IOOS Myxophaga,839,84o Spalan[!,ia, parasites of, 12.2.3; Mydaidae (Mydidae), 1004 My zoe allis, 7 I 7 M. bezzii, only z ovarioles, Myennis octopunctata, larva in Myzus, 7I7; Myzus persicae; 967; M. domestica, IOZS; larval melon, I04S apterous parthenogenetic cephalopharyngeal skeleton, MYERS, J., IIZS, II S6 female may hibernate, 72I; 973; M. larvipara, viviparity, MYERS, J. G., 686,709, 7IO, 7SJ, influence of crowding on wirig 96S 770, IZSI, 12.66, I274 development, 72I-2; influence Muscidae, 1025; blood-sucking myiasis, definition, 97I; caused of food on polymorphism, 72I; proboscis, 95S; some blood• by Eristalis, IOI9; cutaneous, migrations, 7I9; transmits so sucking in both sexes, 9SI; of cranial cavities, of digestive viruses, 679 larvae, I02.7; larvae sometimes canal, 97I; myiasis of various predacious, 970; puparium, Mammalia, I028, I029, IOJo, Nabidae, 733; bursa copulatrix, 367; Stylogaster lays eggs on, IOJI 698; haemocoelic fecundation, I043 Myiodactylus, 8o8 6c)9; predacious, 679; Muscina assimilis, section of larval Mylabris, absence of crop, 8z7; stridulatory organ, 733 pharynx,974 source of cantharidin, 89 I Nacerdes, 89I Muscinae, larvae, IOZ7 Mymaridae, 1225; hamuli nagana, Glossina morsitans, vector Muscoidea, in widest sense, 1024; sometimes absent, u8s; post• of, IOJ4 narrower sense, 1024-2 7 notal phragma, I I83 NAGATOMI, 993, 999, I054, MUSGRAVE, 700, 753 Myodochidae, see Lygaeidae I062 mushroom bodies, in higher Myogale (Desman) Silphopsyllus, NAGIN, 623, 639 Hymenoptera, 1193 on,8s3 Nannochorista, 932 Mussel scale, see Lepidosaphes Myopa, I043 Nannochoristidae, 938; mouth- ulmi Myopsocidae, 654 parts specialized, 933; wing• Mutilla europaea; 5 abdominal Myrientomata, see Protura COU!Jling, 934; wing-venation ganglia in female, 4 in male, Myrmeciinae, carnivorous, I239; specialized, 93S I I93; parasite of Bombus, primitive group, Australian, Nannosellafungi, 853 12.3S I2J8; queen may forage, I237 Nanophyes, 899 1326 INDEX

Narcissus bulbs, attacked by Nematospora, Dysdercus a vector, Neolepidoptera, II02 larvae of Merodon and 739 Neolinognathidae, 676 Eumerus, IOI9 Nematocera, 978, 979; alimentary Neomachilis, fe~nale gonopore, Nasonia brevicornis, I223 canal, 965, antennae, 954, 970; 438 NASSONOVV,924,925,926,930 arolium, 962; branches of Rs, Neomecoptera, 426,938 NAST, 704,770 962; fronto-clypeus, 953; mid Neomicropteryx, I I04 Narkemidae, 527 intestine, 966--7; mouthparts of Neophilaenus, 7o8; N. lineatus, nasute soldiers, in Isoptera, 6 I 8 blood suckers, 956; nervous biology, 708 Nasutitermes, 635; division of system, 966; pleuron, 96I; Neophyllaphis, 7I9 labour in dimorphic workers, postnotum of mesothorax, 959; Neoplasta, IOI I 6 I 8; frontal gland, 62o; frontal pulvillae, 962; larva, alimentary Neoptera, 424 tubercle on rostrum, 6I3; guest canal short, 976; antennae often Neopseustidae, I I05; fe~nale gen- species of termites in nest, 63o; well-developed, 972; many ital opening, I 087 soldier, 6I9; N. amboinensis, aquatic, 970; brain usually in Neorhacodes, I209 more than one queen, 626; N. head, 977; mostly eucephalous, Neorhynchocephalus, Ioo6 corniger, soldier, 619; N. 97I; heart usually with 8 neosistens, in Adelges, 724 matangensis, paths of caste• chambers, 976; instars usually Neotermes, 634; nest, 63I; pest of differentiation, 623; N. 4, 977; pupa usually exposed, tea, 63I; N. tectonae, age of triodiae, storage of grass, 629; 977; but sometimes in a colonies, 626; paths of caste• termitarium, 632 shelter, 977 differentiation, 623 Nasutitermitinae, frontal secre• Nematois, see Nemophora Neottiophilidae, I044 tion a mixture of terpenes, 6 I 3; Nematus ribesii, oviposition, I2o6, Nepa, 701, 746; spiracles in soldiers, all males, 6IB-9 larva, 1206 nymph and adult, 69I; N. nasutoid soldiers, in lsoptera, 6 I 8 Nemeobiidae, see Riodinidae cinerea, 746 NATVIG, 987, I062 Nemeobiinae, II27 Nephotettix, 7I3; N. apicalis, 712 Naucoridae, 745 Nemeobius (Gryllidae), 548; Nepidae, 746; egg with respir• NAULT,7I8,770 alimentary canal, I94; atory horns, 700, 701; 2 ventral NAUMANN, I075, II56 (Lepidoptera), see Hamearis ganglia present and prothoracic naupliiform larvae, see Nemeritis canescens, see Venturia and suboesophageal ganglia cyclopiform larva canescens fused, 697; no real labial palps, Neanura, 470; furca wanting, 466; Nemestrina longirostris, Ioos; N. 684 mouthparts specialized for perezi, adult, 1005 Nepiomorpha, 654 sucking, 462; perhaps allied to Nemestrinidae, I005; larvae par• Nepticula microtheriella, I Io6 Rhyniella, 469 asitic, 970 Nepticulidae, I Io6 Neanuridae, 470 Nemonychidae, 897 Nepticuloidea, uo3, IIo6; male NEBEKER,53I Nemophora, I I07; I2-20 ovar• with frenulum, I08I Nebria, larva, mouthparts and ioles a side, I o86; testes with Neriidae, IOJ7 leg, 8J4 20 follicles, Io8S NESBITT, 535, 536, 54I, 559, 595, Necrobia, 877; N. rufipes, attacks Nemopteridae, 8Io 6o4 ham, 877 Nemosoma, 877 Nesomachilis, 440 Necrophorus, see Nicrophorus Nemoura, 529; bursa copulatrix, Netelia, I2IO NEEDHAM, 477,479, 48I, 492,499, 525; number of nymphal NEUFFER,66o,668 5IO, 5I8, 527, 532, IOII, moults, 525; wings, 524; wing Neuromus, 796 Io62 tracheation, s8 Neuroptera, 793; affinities, 426; Neelidae, 47I; short antennae, Nemouridae,529; drumming genitalia of Inale, 793-4; 462 lobe, 524 Anacharitinae parasites of, Nee/us, 47I; mid intestine, 466; Nemouroidea, 528, 530 I2I7 N.folsomi, 465 Neocollyris, 843 Neuroterus lenticularis, life- NEFF, IOS8 Neoconocephalus, 546 history, I2I6; gall, I2IS Neididae, see Berytidae Neodixa, 983 Neurorthidae, 8oi Neivamyrmex nigrescens; circa Neoephemeridae, 488 Neurotoma, I202 2 50 ovarioles, I I 9 5 Neogaeidae, see Hebridae Neurosemidae, see Calopsocidae NEL, 637 neogallicolae - gallicolae in Neurothemis, 498 NELSON, 52 I, 532 Viteus, 723 NEvv, 647, 6si, 652, 6s6, 809, Nemasoma, 877 neogallicolae - radicicolae, in 8IJ Nematoda (Spirulidae), Phanaeus Viteus, 723 NEVVCOMER, 682, 77 I a vector, 862 Neohermes, 796 NEVVPORT, 830, 87I, 89I, 9I6, INDEX 1327

roSs, 1097, IIOO, IIS7, 1210, and pupa, Anthrax, 10oS; NUSKE, I167, 1174 1274 larval predator, Hister, 852 NUSSLIN, 903 NEWSTEAD, 727, 771, 1027, 1062, Noctuoidea, II 4I NUTTALL,970,983, I063 1249, 1274 Nogodinidae, 706 NUTTING,S35,S36,S4I,SS9,S65, Nezara viridula, Green Vege• NOGUEIRA-NETO, I26I, 1274 S70,59S,6o3,624,634,640 table bug, 679; agricultural NOIROT, 61 I, 613,616,620,622, Nyctalaemon, 1133; N. patroclus, pest, 742; chemical nature of 623,624,62S,627,628,637, adult, Il34 defensive secretion, 696 639,640 Nycteribia, I036 NICHOLLS, 67S NOIROT-TIMOTHEE, 611, 613, 640 Nycteribiidae, IOJ6; ptilinum NICHOLSON, 9SS, 1062 Nola aerugu/a (centona/is), 1094 wanting, 1037 Nicoletia, 440; female accessory Nolidae, II 45 Nycteribosca, I037 gland unpaired, 43S; number NOLL, I2SS, 1274 Nycteridopsylla, 943 of styles and vesicles, 43S; male Nomada, I 258; mouthparts, 1rSo, nygmata, in Planipennia, 8oo reproductive organs, 43S species inquilines, I2SS Nymphalidae, I I 25; fore legs Nicoletiidae, 440; without scales, Nomadacris septemfasciata, SS3 reduced, I076; scent-organ on 433 Nomia, I2S6 wing, I079; sound receptor in Nicomiidae, 7I2 Nonagria, 1144 wings, I083; thoracic defensive Nicrophorus, 854; abdominal NORDSTROM, 1073, IIS7 gland in larva, I093 ganglia, S3o; parental care, Norel/ia, 1025 Nymphalinae, I 126 S33; rectal caecum, S29; NORRIS, A., 99S, 1063 Nympha/is, I127; N. antiopa, reduced gula, SrS; submen• NORRIS, D. M., 903, 904, 916 portion of pupal wing, 107S tum, Sr9; N. interruptus, head NORRIS, M. ]., 10S7, IIS7 Nymphes, eggs, So8 beneath, S2o; N. vespil/o larva, NOSKIEWICZ, 92S, 930 Nymphidae, 8o8 Ss4 Nosodendridae, 864 Nymphomyidae, 983; antennae NICULESCU, 427, 430 notaulices, 1I 8 3 with few segments, 978, 979 NIELSEN, A., I 164, I 170, I 174 Noteridae, 845 Nymphula, I 122; N. nympheata, NIELSEN, C., SIO, SIS Nothybidae, I02J mature larva without gills, NIELSEN, E. T., 12S3, 1274 Nothybioidea, I02J I I22; N. macula/is. metamor• NIELSEN, J. C., 1009, 1027, 1032, Notiphila, 1023 phoses, I I22; N. stratiotata, 1063 Notiophygidae, see Discolomidae respiration, 1I23 NIELSON, 713,771 Notiothauma, large prothorax, Nymphulinae, I I 22 NIGMANN, JOSS, I 157 934; N. reedi, 938 Nysius vinitor, 737 NIKOLII, 996, 1063 Notiothaumidae, 938 Nyssia zonaria, see Lycia Nilio, SSs Notodonta, 1 I4I zonarta Nilionidae, 885 Notodontidae, I I 4I; thoracic Nysson, I253 Ninajoppana, 8ro defensive gland in larva, 1093 Nyssoninae, I25J Niponius, S52 Notogonia, see Motes Nitidulidae, 879; mala, Sr8; Notoligotomidae, 590 Oblong plate, see second valvifer stridulation, 826 Notonecta, 747; eggs, Prestwichia, oblongum, in Coleopterous NITSCH, 650 parasitic on, 122s; 3 ventral wing, 824 NIXON, 727, 771, 1212, 1226, ganglia present, 697; N. g/auca, OBRAZTSOV, III9, IIS7 1241, 1274 744, 747; N. maculata, salivary Obrussa (Nepticulidae), noS NOBLE-NESBITT, 464,474 gland, 61}6 ocelli, in Coleoptera, 8rS; in Nocticola, 596 Notonectidae, 747 Coleopterous larvae, 83s; in Nocticolinae, 6oo Notonectoidea, 7 45 Collembola, 462; in Noctua fimbriata, number of eggs Notonemura, 529 Hymenoptera, u7S; in laid, 10S9; N. pronuba, head Notonemuridae, 529, S30 Lepidoptera adult, I07J; in and thorax, 1076; early stages, notopleural sulcus, Coleoptera, Siphonaptera, 944 1144 82o; Diptera, 961 Ochromyia, 95S Noctuidae, II43; cocoon, 1098; Notoxus, attracted to Meloe, S91 Ochthiphilidae, see free abdominal segments in NOVAK, J. A., I04S, 1070 Chamaemyiidae pupa, 1 roo; maxillary palpi, NOVAK, V., 1237, 1274 OCHS,S46,916 1074; patagia, 1076; prolegs in NOYES, 1167, II74 Ochthebius, 85I early larval stages, 1092; NUESCH, ro8s, IIS7 Ochteridae, 7 45 repugnatorial glands in larva, Nun moth, see Lymantria mon• Ochteroidea, 7 4.'i 1093; thoracic defensive gland acha ocular tubercles, 6S2 in larva, I092; parasite oflarva nuptial flight, in Formicidae, 1237 Ocyptera, I032 INDEX

Ocypus, eggs large, 832; hind Oeciacus hirundinis, 734 0/igotoma, in Mediterranean, wing, 824; labium, 820; larval Oecophoridae, I I I 3 585; 0. nigra, colonies small, segmental glands, 838; Litus Oecophylla, dimorphic eggs, 583; 0. saundersii, wings, s87; kriegeri, parasite of eggs, I225; 1237; in nests of leaves and silk 0. michaeli and 0. saundersii, Ocypus olens, 855; male, 8s6; spun by larvae, 1238; Liphyra widespread in greenhouses and ovarioles, 832 and Euliphyra larva in nests of, damaging to orchids, s8s ODHIAMBO, 542, 559 II28 Oligotomidae, 590; cerci nearly Odiniidae, 1041 Oeda/eus, 553 symmetrical, 587; venation Odonata, 494; anatomy, external, Oedamagena, 1028 reduced, s86-7 495-502; abdomen, soo; male Oedancala dorsalis, digestive Olive, Liothrips oleae, a pest of, copulatory organ, so I; head, system, 692 789 497; ovipositor, 502; thorax, Oedemera, 829 0/ixon, a pompilid, parasitic on 499; wings, 499; anatomy, Oedemeridae, 891 Trigonidium, 1245 internal, 502-3; developmental Oedipodinae, 551; grass-feeders, 0/ophrum, 855 stages, 503-10; branchial 511; stridulation, 550 OLSOUFIEFF, 1001, 1063 basket of nymph, soB; caudal Oedischiidae, 425, 544 OMAN, 7II, 713, 771 gills, 509; cerci in nymph, 509; OESER, I187, 1208, 1274 OMANIIDAE, 736 emergence of adult from oesophageal sclerite see sitophore Omitermes meridionalis, orientation nymph, 370; head, so6; lateral sclerite of nests, 632 abdominal gills, 5Io; mask, OESTLUND, 722, 771 Omophron, 841 sos; nymphs, food of, 504; Oestridae, 1 028; food-reservoir Omophlus /epturoides, 887 pronymph, 593; colour of sometimes wanting, 965; larvae Omphralidae, see Scenopinidae adults, 496; migrations, 495--6; parasitic, 970 Onchocerca, transmission of, 988 preying on swarms of Oestrus, myiasis of cranial Oncodes, 1006-7 Chironomids and Culicids, cavities, 971, 1029; 0. ovis, on Oncopeltus, gut caeca vestigial or 495; territorial behaviour, 495; sheep, 1029 absent, 693; a laboratory affinities and phylogeny, 424, OEVERMANN, 691, 771 insect, 738; lives on milkweed, 5IO; classification, SH-5; liter• OGLOBLIN,928,930 737 ature, 5 I5-20 OGUMA, 691, 771 Oncopoduridae, 471 Odontoceridae, larvae, II 7 I; O'HARRA, 434, 442 O'NEILL, 788, 791 Odontocerum, larval case, 1 I66 OHAUS, 858 Onesia, 1031 Odontolabis sinensis, mandibular OHM, 745, 771 Onion fly (Delia antiqua), 971 dimorphism, 859 Oiketicus, 1109 onions, Thrips tabaci, on, 782 Jdontomyia, I003 oil beetle. see Meloidae Oniscogaster, nymph with only 6 Odontoscelis, 741 Oiphysa, 703 abdominal ganglia, 485 Odontotarsus, 741 OITICICA, 1086, Il57 Onthophagus, 862 Odontotermes, 635; alimentary OKA, 502, 518 Onychiuridae, 470 canal, 612; fungus gardens, 627, OKELY, 1040, 1063 Onychiurus, 470; postantennal 629; nests of varying structure, OLBERG, 1207, 1251, 1274 organ complex, 462; postanten• 632; functioning of ovarioles, OLDROYD,978,991, 1001,1051, nal organ, 465 617; 3000 ovarioles, 614; phy• I063 Onychogomphus, 496 sogastric queen, 627; worker OLESEN, 506, 518 Oodes helopioides, proximal part sometimes dimorphic, 618; 0. 0/esicampe, larval respiration, of female reproductive organs, lateritius, foraging, 629 I2IO; life-history, 1210; 833 odour-trails, in Attini, 1241; in Peri/am pus hyalinus, parasite ootheca, in Cassidinae, 896; in lsoptera, 613 of, 1222 Mantodea, 596, 597,598; Odynerus, 1247; 6 abdominal Olethreutidae, see Tortricidae composition of, in Blattaria, ganglia, 1193; host of Chrysis 0/fersia, 959 596; in Blattella, 598 ignita, 1231; Conops, parasite 0/iarus felis, 705 operculum, of Heteroptera on of, 1043; Macrosiagon, parasite 0/ibrus, 881 egg, 701; operculum of of, 809 Oligembiidae, see Teratembiidae vasiform orifice, 7 4 5 Oecanthinae, 548; eggs laid in 0/igoneuria, attracted to light, 0 perophtera, wings degenerate in plant tissues, 542, 547; male flies at night, 4 77; nymph, gills, female, 1132; larva a defoliator, glands on thoracic dorsum 482; subimaginal skin not shed Il33 attract female, 542 from wings, 476 Ophion, I2IO; superficial resemb• Oecanthus, development of wings, 0/igoneuriel/a, 486 lance to Rhopalosomatidae, 543; eggs in situ, 548 Oligoneuriidae, 486 1246 INDEX 1329

Ophonus, 841; Ophonus rufipes, anatomy, external, 537-41; Osmylus fulvicephalus, Boo; larva, damages strawberries, stridulation, 54o--1; wing• 8o1 841 development, 539; anatomy, Osphya, 888 Opisthograptis luteolata, larval internal, 541-2; postembryonic OSSIANNILSSON, 690, 77 I colour affected by light, 1093 development, 542-3; first OSTEN-SACKEN,961,993, 1063 opisthomeres, of Dermaptera, instar larva = vermiform larva, Ostrinia nubilalis, 1 123 573 543; usually 4-7 moults, 543; Othniidae, see Elacatidae Opomyza, 1040 affinities and phylogeny, 543- Othnius, 887 Opomyzidae, 1040 4; status, 421; earliest fossils, Otiorrhynchinae, 899; mandib• Opostega, wing-venation, 1108 425; monophyletically derived ular scars, 81 8; parthenogen• Opostegidae, II o6 from Protorthoptera, 543; clas• esis, 900 Orange tips, see Euchloe,Synchloe sification, 544-54; literature, Otiorrhynchus, 900 Orasema, effect on ant-host, 1177, 554-61; Calodexia, lays eggs Otitidae, I 045 1237; parasites of Pheidole and on, 1031; Conopidae parasitic Ou/opteryx, 6oo So/enopsis, 1223, 1234 on, 1043; Sarcophaginae par• outbreak areas, oflocusts, 552 orbits, (Diptera), 953 asitic on, 1030; eggs, Anthrax ovipositor, in Diptera, 964; in Orchesia, 888 and Systoechus, parasitic on, Hemiptera, 689; in Orehe sella, 47 I; 6 antenna( seg• 1009 Hymenoptera, 1 187-8; ments, 462; mouthparts, 463 Orthopteroidea, as subclass, 421 enlarged sheath of, in Orchidaceae, cultivated, damaged Orthopteroids, parasitized by lnostemma, 1228; in by Embiids, 585; by Tetramesa Halictophagidae, 928; by Lepidoptera, 1084 orchidearum, 706; visited by Myrmecolacidae, 928 oviscapt (Diptera), definition, male Euglossines, 1258 Orthopteroid orders, 422; early 964; in Lepidoptera, 1084 ORCHYMONT, 823,851, 916 occurrence, 424 ovoviviparity, in C/oeon dipterum ORDISH, 723, 77 I Orthorrhapha, definition, 978; and Callibaetis, 480 Orectochilus, 846 maxilla, 9 55 OWSLEY, 970, 1063 oreillets, see auricles, 501 Orussidae, I 203 Oxycarenus hyalinipennis, 737 ORELLI, von, 449, 452 Orussoidea, I 203 Oxychirotidae, II 21 organ ofTiimiisvary, 469 Orussus, I 203; larva apodous, Oxycorynidae, 898 Orgyia, pupal wing-cases, 1099; 1201; parasitic, II77, 1201; 0. Oxycorynus, 898 reduced proboscis, 1075; wings abietinus, wings, 1204 Oxypilus, 6o1 absent in female, 1 145; 0. Oryctes, larva with enteric caeca, Oxytenidae, I I 39 antiqua, number of larval 837; Scotia fiavifrons parasite Oxythyrea, 861 ecdyses, 1094 of, 1232; 0. nasicornis, in Ozaeninae, 843; explosive secre• ORlAN, 690, 771 decaying bark, 861; larval tion, 829 Oriental Peach moth, see Cydia alimentary canal, 838; 0. rhin• Oxybelus, 1251; 0. uniglumis, 1251 molest a oceros, both sexes horned, 861; Oriental Toon moth, see pest of coconuts, 861 Pachymerus chinensis, 894 Hypsipyla robusta OSBORN, 708, 77 I Pachyneuridae, 993 Orina, 895 OSCHMAN, 595, 6o4 Pachyneuron, 1223 Orius insidiosus, 735 Oscine /Ia jrit, adult, 1042; life• Pachytroctidae, 653 Ormyrinae, I 223 history, 1042; serious pest, 971; Pachypsylla, anatomy, 714 Orne odes hexadactyla, II 1 4; 0. Eucoila eucera, parasite of, PACKARD, 1075, 1092, 1093, 1098, pygmaea adult, 1115 1217 IIOI, II06, 1I38, IIJ9, II41, Orneodidae, I I I 4 Oscinosoma, 1042 II 57 Ornithomyia avicularia, 1035 OSHANIN, 703, 771 PACLT,440,442,444,449,450, Ornithoptera, 1130 osmeteria, in Papilionid larvae, 452, 461, 469, 474 Orphnephila, see Thauma/ea 1093 paedogenesis, in Cecidomyidae, Orthandria, 1201 Osmia, 1257; Argyramoeba, par• 996; in Tanytarsus, 991 Orthezia, eggs kept between wax asite of, 1008; Melittobia, PAGDEN, 12JJ, 1274 plates, 726; spiracles, 691; 0. parasite of, 1224; Dioxys and PAGEs,446,449,450,452 insignis, pest in glasshouses, Stelis parasites of, 1257; 0. Palaeodictyoptera, occurrence, 728 rufa, nests, 1257; 0. tridentata 424; wings not flexed, 424; Ortheziidae, 728 nests, 1257 Lithoneura a member of, 485 Orthetrum, S I.) Osmylidae, 8oo; male genitalia, Palaeolepidoptera, 1 102 Orthogonius, 630 794 Palaeoptera, constitution, 422, Orthoptera, 421, 424, .537; Osmyloidea, Boo 424 1330 INDEX

Palaeosetidae, I I o6 female polymorphism and PARKS, J. T., 8I6, 8S3 palea, on fore tarsus of Corixidae, mimicry, u3o; P. machaon, in PARKS, T. H., 1041, I070 689 Britain, u3o; P. memnon, Parnassius, anal pouches, 1130; Paleacrita, II 33 female polymorphic, 1130 metamorphoses and pairing, Palingenia, 487; adult life a few Papilionidae, I I 30; no pulsatile I I 30; testicular follicles in hours, 476; fly at night, organ on aorta, 1o8s; common scrotum, 1o8s attracted to light, 477; sub• osmeteria in larvae, 1093 PARNELL, 713, 771 imaginal skin not shed, 477 Papilionoidea, I I 24; butterflies, PARR,787,792 Palingeniidae, 487 1 073; chemoreception by tarsi, PARSHLEY,730,762,771 PALISSA, 440, 442, 4SO, 4S2, 469, II2S, 1124; maxillary palpi, Parsnip, attacked by Agonopteryx 474 1074; pupal pilifers very large, heracliana, II13; attacked by Pallopteridae, I 046 1098; male sex-pheromones, Philophylla heraclei, I04S PALMER,723,7S9 !084 PARSONS,68o,682,684,68s,6g1, Palm weevil, see Rhynchophorus Pappataci fever, 981 692,697.77I,772 ferrugineus parafacials (Diptera), see genae parthenogenesis, in Palpicornia, 8 so parafrontals, see orbits Aleyrodoidea, 716; in Palpomyia, 990 Paragus, 1017 Aphidoidea, 718-I9; in Pamphagidae, 550; abdominal Parajapygidae, 45 I Bethylidae, 123I; in organ, S4I Parajapyx, 45I; lacking labial Chironomidae, 99I; in Cis, Pamphiliidae, I202 palps, 444; P. isabellae, spir• 88s; in Coccoidea, 726; in Pamphilius, 1202; venation, 118s; acles, 447 Collembola, 470; in P. dentatus, head of larva, 1202 Paraknightia, 426 Curculionidae, goo; in Panaxia see Callimorpha Paraleptophlebia, 487 Cynipidae, I2I6; in Panchlora, S96 PARAMONOV, IOOS, 1063 Embioptera, sSs; in Eurygyne, Panesthia, 6oo; cerci, one• Paraneoptera, 42 s 8s3; in Hymenoptera, 1177; in segmented, S94; feeds on dead paranotallobes, in Orthoptera, s42; in Phasmida, wood with aid of symbiotic Lepismatoidea, 43S s66; in Psocoptera, 6s1; in bacteria, s96; subsocial Paraoxyphilus, 601 Psychidae, IIIO; in behaviour, S96 Paraplecoptera, 425; Tenthredinidae, 12o6; in Pangonia, proboscis very long, Atactophlebia a member, 4Ss; Thysanoptera, 783 1ooo; habits, 1000 affinities with Plecoptera, S27 Parthenolecanium Paniscus, see Netelia Paraponyx stratiotata, 1122 ( = Eulecanium), eggs kept Panorpa, 932; wings, 935; larva parapsides, u83 beneath body of female, 726; carnivorous, 932; larval inter• Parascotia fuliginaria, 1144 Blastothrix and Aphycus, par• nal anatomy, 938; last instar Parasitica, I 200, 1207; asites of, 1224; P. corni, female, larva, 937; P. communis, Malpighian tubules usually 726 anatomy, 934; male, female, only 2, II91; stomach Passalidae, 857; rectal papillae, 933; larval development, 937; sometimes reduced, II91; two 829; stridulation in larva, 827; P. klugi, eggs, 937; P. nuptialis, apparent trochanters, 118s; venation hind wing, 82s larval development, 937; P. thorax, II83; types of larvae, Passalus, abdominal ganglia, 830; rufescens, larval development, 1197-8; ~young larvae often larva, 859; P. cornutus, pros• 937 apneustic, final instar usually theca, 818; P. interruptus, Panorpidae, distribution, 9JZ, with 9 pairs spiracles, 1196-7 Ss8 938; food, 932; Scorpion flies, parasitism, types of, in Passandridae, 88o s.s., 932 Hymenoptera, 1177; effects on Passeromyia, I027 Panorpodes, 932 hosts, II77; temporary social, patagia, in Lepidoptera, 1076 Panorpodidae,gJ8 in Formicidae, 1243 Patanga, 553 Panorpoid orders, 422, 426 Parcoblatta, 6oo Patasson, teleaform larva, I I98 PANTEL, S6S, S70, 1032, 1033, Paredocla, male winged or, like PATCH,714,7I8,723,72S,772 1063 female apterous, 688 PATERSON, 1028, I07I Pantophthalmus, 1000 PARENT, 1011, 1063 PATTON,966,970, 1001, Io64 Panurgus, 12s6; mouthparts, PARFIN, 802, 803, 813 PAULIAN,817,82S,836,8s6,8s7, II8o; Nomada, a parasite of, PARISI, 469,474 913, 9I6 12S8 PARKER, D. E., 1231 PAULSON,SOI,SI8 PAPAVER0,978, IOOS, 1063 PARKER, H. L., 930 PAULUS,462,474 Papilio alexenor, larval mandib• PARKER, J. B., I2S3, I274 Paussidae, see Paussinae ular glands, 1097; P. dardanus, PARKER, J. R., I042, 1o64 Paussinae, 84I; antennae, 818; INDEX 1331

explosive secretion, 829; in Pelogonidae, see Ochteridae PERICART,735,772 ants' nests, 1243 Peloridiidae, 703, 704; gut Pericoma, 982 Paussus, antennae, 843; P. relatively simple, 692; possible Perilampidae, I 222, planidium, testtueus, 843 origins, 702; salivary gland Il97 Paurometabola, 424 with 2 acini, 6cJ5 Perilampus, planidium, n98; P. Pawlowsky's glands, in Peloridium, 703 hyalinus, hyperparasite of Siphunculata, 675 Peltidae, 877 Hyphantria, parasite of PAYNE,837,838,872,916 Peltis, 877 Varichaeta or 0/esicampe, 1222 Peach blossom, see Thyatira Peltodytes, 844; larva apneustic, Perilestidae, 5 I 2 Peach tree borer, see S anninoidea 837 Perimylopidae, 886 Peacock, see Nympha/is Peltoperlidae, 528 Periodical Cicada, see Magicicada PEARCE,855,916 PEMBERTON, 1045, 1046 Periphyllus, 7 I 7; aestivating PEARMAN,647,649,652,656 Pemphigidae, 7 I 7 morphs, determined by host• Pearman's organ, in Psocoptera, Pemphigus, 717; gall-maker, 717; plant, 722 649 wax glands segmentally ar• Periplaneta, 6oo; biology, 592; Pear midge, see Contarinia ranged, 697; P. bursarius, colleterial glands, 596; salivary pyrivora migrations, 719 gland and reservoir, 268; PEARSON, 739, 772 Pemphredoninae, 1251 Evania, parasitic on eggs of, Pear, Stephanitis pyri, a pest of, PENDERGRAST,6c)5,698,6c)9,703, I213; P. americana, alimentary 731 766,772 canal, 194; domestic species, Pear sucker, see Psylla pyricola PENDLEBURY, I073, II50 596; number ofnymphal instars, PECK, 1219, 1274 Penicillidia jenynsi (Nycteribiidae ), 598; skeletal structure, 592; PECKHAM, 1207, 1246, 1251, 1252, adult, 1036 tracheal system, 220 1253. 1274 penis-funnel, see juxta peripneustic tracheal system, pedicel of haltere, 963; of PENNAK,5r0,5I8,988,ro64 in Dipterous larvae, 974 abdomen in Formicidae, 1234 PENNEBAKER,794,812 Peripsocidae, 654 Pedicia, 976 PENNIKET,486,492 Peripsocus, 654; egg, nymph, Pedicinus, on Cynomorph Pentatomidae, 74I; labium 4- adult, 651 monkeys, 67o; antennae, 672 segmented, 684 Perisphaeria, 6oo Pediculidae, 677 Pentatomoidea, 740; scutellum Periscelidae, I024 Pediculus, 677; antennae, 672; sometimes covers wings Perissomatidae, 995 eyes large, 672; internal entirely, 68 5 peristigmatic glands, in anatomy, 673-4; transverse Pentatomomorpha, 736; accessory Dipterous larvae, 976 section of head, 673; digestive salivary glands tubular, 695; peritrophic membrane system, 674; reproductive gut caeca sometimes in two (Hymenoptera), 1191 system, 67,.; P. humanus, forms separate regions, 693; feeding PERKINS,922,927,9J0, 1016, capitis and corporis, 67o-1, 671; through a salivary sheath, 695; 1064, 1230, 1245, 1256, 1258, egg-laying, 675; as a disease• midgut with caeca, 692; 1274. 1275 carrier, 67 r -2 micropyles, 70 I; pretarsus, Perkinsiella, alary polymorphism, Pedilidae, 89I 688; egg with a pseudoper• 688; P. saccharicida, on sugar• Pegomyia, larval pharyngeal culum, 70 I; trichobothria on cane,705,706 ridges reduced, 973; larva leaf• abdomen, 689; origin perhaps Permopsocida, 651 miners, 1025; P. hyoscyami, independent, 702 Permothemis, 510 destructive to beet and man• Penturoperlidae, see Perla, 529; enteric caeca, 524; golds, I025; P. nigritarsis, Austroperlidae nymph, 526; number of nym• section of larval pharynx, 974 PEPPER,535,536 phal moults, 525; stomatoga• Pegtop coccids, see Pepsis, 1245; P.formosa, preys on stric nerve, 924-5; P. margin• Apiomorphidae Theraphosidae, 1246 ala, rudimentary hermaph• PEHANI, 570 Perdita, 1256 roditism, 525; P. maxima, Pelecinidae, I 226; trochanters not PEREZ,927,930 adult, mouthparts, 522 divided, u83 PERFIL'EV, 949, 982, 1064 Perlaria, see Plecoptera Pelecinus polyturator, 1226 Perga, 1205; Trigona/ys Perlidae, 529; early maturation of Pelecorhynchidae, 1001 maculatus, parasite of, 1208 eggs, 525; male genitalia, 524; Pelecorhynchus, 1002 Pergidae, 1205 mandibles reduced, 522 Pe/ecotoma, 889 Pericapritermes, mandibles effec• Per/odes, 529 PELEG,903,916 tive for defence, 619; soldier Perlodidae, 529 Peliolepisma, 44I head and mandibles, 6o8 Perloidea, 529 1332 INDEX

Perophoridae, see Lacosomidae Phaloniidae, see Cochylidae Philanisus, larva marine, u66 Perothopidae, 870 Phanaeus vindex, as nematode• Philanthinae, I2S4 Perothops, 870 vector, 862 Philanthus, I254; P. triangulum,

PERRANDIN,9921 994 1 1064 Phanerognatha, 899 preys on A pis, I2S4 PERRIS, 853, 854, 857, 86r, 875, Phaneropterinae, eggs flattened, Philatis, 707 877, 88o, 887, 894, gi6, 999, laid in plant tissues, S42 PHILIP, 922, 930 IOOI, I004, 1007, 1012, 1040, Phaonia, 1027 PHILIPPE, 806, 8I4 1045. 1064 Phaoniinae, 1027 PHILLIPS, V. T., 978, I045 1 I064 PESSON,68o,682,684,693,694, pharate pupa (Hymenoptera), see PHILLIPS, W. J., I04I, I064, I2I2, 695, 703, 112 · prepupa I222, 1275. I278 Petaluridae, s 1 4; endophytic pharyngeal glands (Apis), lateral, PHILIPTSCHENKO, 436, 442 oviposition, 503; nymphal gill, II92; ventral, I 192 Philonicus a/biceps, adult, I009 509; ovipositor. 502 pharyngeal sclerite, see basal Philophylla heraclei, I045 PETERS, J. G., 477, 492 sclerite Philopotamidae, r 170 PETERS, P., 6r2, 642 Phasiinae, parasites of Phi/opotamus, larval nets, u67; P. PETERS, W., 748, 772 Hemiptera, I 033 distinctus, female wings, PETERS, W. L, 477, 478, 484, 488, phasis, gregaria, S5I; solitaria, reduced,1164 489, 492, 49.1 5sr; transiens, 552; phases, in Philopteridae, 666 PETERSON, A., 9S3, 959, 1064, 1097, phasmids, 566 Phi/opterus, 666 IIS7 Phasmatidae, s68 Philotarsidae, 65 4 PETERSON, B. V., 988, 1050 Phasmida, 424, 562; anatomy, Philotarsus, 654 PETERSON, G., II08 external, 562-5; anatomy, Philotrypesis, structure, I 178; P. PETERSON, W., 1075, roSs, ro86, internal, 565; postembryonic caricae, thorax, 1184 1087, 1157 development and biology, 56(}- PHILPOTT, I08I, I I57 PETHERBRIDGE, 73S, 773, 1024 7; affinities and phylogeny, Phlaeothripidae, 789 petiole, in Apocrita, rr87; in 568; relations with Embioptera, Phlaeothrips, 789 Sceliphron, u87; in Sphex, II87 s89; classification, 568; liter• Phlebotominae, 981-2; blood- Petriidae, 892 ature, 568-7 I; eggs, 567; fos• suckers, 95 I Petrobius, 440; alimentary canal, sils, 425; Amiseginae, parasites Phlebotomus, g81, gS:z; lacks 437; growth, 439; male and of eggs, I23r proventriculus, 965; pompetta, female reproductive organs, Phasmodes, 547 glic); 2 spermathecae, 967; 437, 438; number of vesicles, Phasmodinae, 5 47 vesicula seminalis, 969; P. 436; sth abdominal segment Phasmothrips, 789 minutus, 98I; P. papatasi, and left hind leg, 436; P. Phassus, 1076 9!11 brevistylis, 433, 439; P. mar• Phaudinae, IIr8 Phloeidae, 7 43 itimus, 433, 434 Pheidole, Orasema, parasite of, Phloeostichidae, 88o Petrognatha gigas, 892 12:013; P. dentata, deformed by Phloiophilidae, 878 PEUS, 984, I 064 Mermis, 1236; P. punctulata, Phloiophilus edwardsi, 878 PEYERIMHOFF, 833,917 relations with Pseudococcus, Pho/idoptera, 547 PFAU, 501, sr8 727; P. tepicana instabilis, Phora urbana, see Aneurina PFLUGFELDER, s6s, S70, 617, 640, castes, 1235 caliginosa 697, 727, 773 Phenacantha saccharicida, 738 phoresy, of Ceroptera, by Phacochoerus, Mallophaga on, Phenacoleachia zelandica, 729 Scarabaeids, I04o; Mallophaga 666 Phenacoleachiidae, 729 by Diptera, 658; in Phaedon, 89s; Saprinus virescens, Phenax, 706 Scelionidae, 1227

predator on, 8s2 Phengodidae, 870 Phoridae, 10141 as ant-parasites, Phaenoserphus, polypodeiform Pherbiella, makes calcareous sep• I243; in ants' nests, I242; larva, II98 tum in front of puparium, IOJQ larvae mostly scavengers, 970; Phaeomyiinae, status, IOJ8 pheromones, in A pis, I 192; sometimes apterous, 962; ter• Phalacridae, 881 alarm, in aphids, 718; in mitophilous, 630 Phalacrocera, biology, g8o; larval Danaus, 1125; in Isoptera, 624; Phoroidea, IOIJ segmental tracheal gills, 976 in male and female Phorodon humuli, 72:2 Phalacrus, 88r Lepidoptera, ro84 Phosphuga atrata, 853 Phalaenoididae, see Agaristidae Philaenus, 708; 9 ovarioles, 698; Photinus, 872 Phalera, 4th and 5th abdominal pulsatile organs in tibiae, 697; Photuris larva, 872; P. greeni, ganglia fused, roSs; larva, II4I P. /eucophthalmus, 708 light -signals, 872 Phalix titan, 693 Philanisidae, II 72 Phragmatobia fuliginosa INDEX 1333

(Arctiidae), larval alimentary Phytobia cambii, I04I Piophi/a casei, I044 canal, 1095 Phytomyza, 104I; usually larvae Piophilidae, I044 Phromnia marginella, 706; wax have a few allied host plants PIOTROWSKY, 690,773 glands, 696 but P. horticola many, I04I; P. Pipiza, IOI7 Phronia, 994 hortico/a, pest of Pipunculidae, larvae parasitic, Phryganea, larval case, u66; Chrysanthemum, I04I 970, IOI6 mandibles vestigial, II 63; P. Phytonomus, larva feeds exter• Pipuncu/us, IOI6 grandis, larval thoracic glands, nally, makes cocoon, 900 Pison, I25I 1169 Phytodecta viminalis, 895 Pissodes, larva in wood of con• Phryganeidae, Gilson's glands, Phytophthires, see ifera 900; structure, 903; P. n68, 1169; larvae, II7I; larvae Sternorrhyncha strobi, head beneath, 821 of American spp., II? I; ocelli Phytosecidae, 878 PISTOR, 465, 474 present, I I 72 Physop/eurel/a pessoni, 735 Pisum, Kakothrips robustus, on, Phryganidia, I I4I Physapoda, see Thysanoptera 789 Phrynove/ia papuana, 743 PICARD, I2I2, I272 PITKIN, 786, 788, 79I Phthiraptera, 426, constitution of, Picea, larva of Gilpinia hercyniae, P/agia, I032 664 a pest of, 1205 P/agithmysus, stridulation, 893 Phthorimaea opercu/el/a (Potato pick, ofPsocoptera, 647 plague, bubonic, transmission of, tuber moth), I I I4 PICKARD,508,517, SI8 94I-2 Phycitidae, see Pyralidae PICKENS, 62I, 623, 625, 640 planidium (in Parasitica), II97 Phycitinae, II22 PICKLES, 479,492 Planipennia, 793, 79B; genitalia of Phy/acteophaga, 1205 Picromerus bidens, 74I male, 793-4, 798; larvae, 798; 3 Phylliidae, 568; femora and tibiae PICTET, I 174 instars (except Ithone), 798; with lamellate expansions, 562 PIEPERS, 1140, II 57 larval mid-gut closed, 799; Phyllium, 563, 568; egg, 567; P. PIERCE, F. N., 1083, I084, II 57 status, 426 bioculatum, nymphal instars, PIERCE, G. W., 54I, 559 planta of Lepidopterous proleg, s66 PIERCE, W. D., 922,924, 927,928, I09I Phy//obius, 900 930 Plant bugs, see Hemiptera, tar- Phyllocnistidae, I I IO PIERANTONI, 692, 773 nished, see Lygus pabulinus Phy//ocnistis, I I Io; larva apodous, Pieridae, I I 29; claws cleft, 1077; Plant lice, jumping, see Psyllidae 1092; larval mandibles want• extract of scent from wings, PLASSMANN, 993, I064 ing, I090 I079; mimicry of, I I25 Plasmodium, 985 Phy//onorycter, larval habits, Pieris, I I29; P. brassicae, wing• plastron respiration, in Elmidae, I I Io; larva a leaf-miner, I093; venation, 108 I; female pupa, 864; in Dipterous eggs, 970; in Ageniaspis, a parasite of, I224; I099; Pteroma/us puparum, par• larva ofTorridincolidae, 840 P. hamadryade/la cocoon• asite of I223; P. rapae, I I29; PLATANIA, 6I I, 640 cutter, I 10I parasitized by Apanteles Plataspididae, 7 40 Phyllomyza, I042 glomera/us, 12 II; Pteroma/us PLATEAUX-QUENU, I255, I275 Phyl/opertha, abdominal ganglia, puparum, I223 PLATH, 1260, I275 83o; P. horticola, 862; larval Piesma, 738; P. quadratum, pest P/atycephala, I046 stridulatory organ, 859 of beet, 738 Platycnemis, 5 I I Phy//ophaga, Pyrgotidae parasite Piesmatidae, 738 P/atyedra gossypiella, (Pink boll• on, I045 pig, Pulex irritans on, 943; worm), III4 Phyllotreta nemorum, 896 Haematopinus on, 672 Platygaster dryomyiae, biology, Phy//oxera, heart apparently pilifers, in Lepidoptera, 1073; in I228, oviposition, 1228; absent, 697; lives on oaks, pupa, I098 embryos, 1229; P. herrickii, (Quercus), 723 PILON, 527, 53 I polyembryonic, I228; P. min• Phylloxeridae, 723; apterous Pimp/a pomorum, 1210; larva, utus, host of, I228 forms with 4 instars, 702 I I97; larva with IO pairs Platygasteridae, 1227; reduced Phymata pennsylvanica, 732 spiracles, I I96 venation, 1184; larva with 2 Phymatidae, 7 3I; presternal fur- Pine-shoot moths, see Rhyaconia thoracic appendages, 1 I 96 row in sound-production, 690 Pineus, 723 P/atymischus, 1185 Physiphora, British, 1045 PINHEY, SIO, 5I8 P/atynaspis, larva, 883 physogastric queens, 6I7, 627 Platycnemidae, 5 I I P/atypeza agarici, IOI6 Physokermes piceae, pest of Abies Pink boll-worm, see P/atyedra Platypezidae, 1016; antenna 4 exce/sa, 726 gossypie//a segmented, 979; larvae fun• Phytalmiidae, I045 PINTERA, 722, 773 givorous, 970 1334 INDEX

Platypodinae (Ambrosia beetles), P/ute/la maculipennis {Diamond Polynema natans, see 90I, 903 back moth), I I I2; adult, I II2 Caraphractus cinctus Platypsy/lus, absence of eyes, 8I7; Plutellinae, I I I 2 Polyneoptera, 424 P. castoris, on beaver, 853 Pneumoridae, .550; hindlegs not Polypedilum, 990'-9 I Platypus, an Ambrosia beetle, 903 enlarged, 539; stridulation, 540 Polyphaga; absence of note- P/atysamia (Hyalophora) cecropia Pnyxia scabiei, 993 pleural sulcus, 82o; loss of adult, II38; testes, Io8s-6 POCHON, 628, 640 larval claws, 836; ovarioles, Platysoma, 852 pod, for eggs of Acridoidea, 542, 832; reproductive organs, male, P/atystethus, 833 sso; method of escape from, 831; tarsi, 822; testes, 831; Platystictidae, 5 I I 543 classification of, 847-8 50 Platystoma, I046; P. /ugubre Podagrionidae, I222 Polyphagidae, 6oo (umbrarum), I045 Podalonia, see Ammophila Polyphaginae, 6oo; tertiary fos• Platystomatidae, I046; attacked Podiini, I253 sils, 599 by Strepsipteran larva, 922 Podium, some affinity to Polyp/ax, on Muridae, 672, and P/atyura, larva without spiracles, Ampulicinae, I25I Soricidae, 676; P. spinu/osus 994; larva predatory, 994 Podocanthus, phase-changes, s66-- transmits Trypanosoma lewisii, Plaumanniidae, see 7 672 Troctopsocidae PODGORNAYA,553,559 polypodeiform larva, II98, 1217 Plea atomaria, 747 Podura, 470; claw and mucro, 465 Polypsocidae, 653 Pleidae, 7 47 Poduridae, 470 Polyptychus, I 139 Plecoptera, 424,52 I; anatomy, Poduroidea, 470; with postanten- Polyrhachis spiniger, mimicked by external, 52I-4; gills in adult, nal organ, 462 Dulichius, 679--80 sz6; wing-tracheation, s8, 52 3; Poecilogona/os thwaitesii, 1208 Polystoechotidae, 802 anatomy, internal, 524-5; POENICKE,94I,949 Polythoridae, nymph with lateral oviposition and postembryonic Pogonoscopus, 7I2 gills, soB, 5 I 3 development, 525-7; food of POINTING,722,765 polytrophic ovarioles, in nymphs, sz6; affinities and poison sac, of Hymenoptera Coleoptera, 832 phylogeny, 425, 527; relations aculeata, II89 Polyzosteria, 6oo; subsocial, 596 with Embioptera, 589; classifi• POISSON, 68o, 703, 730, 773 pompetta (Phlebotomus), 969 cation, 527-30; literature, 53o- POKORNY, I049 Pompilidae, I245; Smicromyrme 32 Polistes, I 24<)-50; parasitized by ru.fipes parasite of, 1234 Plectoptera, see Ephemeroptera Strepsiptera, 922 Pompiloidea, I 244 P/ectrocnemis, II67 Polistinae, I 24<)-50 Ponera, male sometimes P/ectrotarsus, elongate mouth- POLL, 829, 9I7, I094, II 57 apterous, 1236; P. coarctata parts, II64; wing coupling, POLLARD,D.G.,685,773 pennsylvanica, castes, 1239 II64 POLLARD, F. J. S., I028, 1048 Ponerinae, I 238; carnivorous, P/ega, 803 Po/lenia rudis, 1031 1239; large sting, I235; pleometrosis, II76 Po/ochrum, I 2 34 primitive group, especially P/esiocoris rugico//is, pest of fruit, POLUSZYNSKI, 925, 930 Australian, I238; queen may 73.5; developmental stages, 354 Polybiini, I 250; perennial forage, I2 3 7 PLESKOT,48I,484,492 colonies, I I76 POPHAM,572,574,577,578,582, pleural discs, in Cerambycid Polycentropodidae, larvae, I I 70 593,604,684,689,748,773 larvae, 893 Polyctenidae, 7 34; blood-suckers, Popi/lia, Pyrgotidae parasitic on, P/europterus, 843 679; viviparous, 700 I045 P/europtyia ruralis. {Pyralididae) Po/ydrosus, 900 POPOFF, 6I7, 636, 75I wing-venation, I 121 polyembryony, in Cecidomyidae, POPOV,730,773 PLINY, 1239 305, 996; in Hymenoptera, POPPIUS, 7 33, 77 4 P/odia interpuncte/la, II22 I I 77, I 224, 1228; in Strepsi• POOLE, 46I, 474 Plumariidae, I23I ptera, 925 POONAWALLA, SOI, 5I8 PLUMB, 723, 780 Polyergus, I 244 Porismus, So I Plume moths, see Pterophoridae Polylepta, larva propneustic, 975 Poropoea, life-history, 1225; P/usia, II43-4; pupa in cocoon, Polymitarcidae, 487 teleaform larva, II98 II44 polymorphism; in Adalia, 882; in Porotermes, 634 Plusiinae, larval prolegs, I 092, Aphididae, 7I8-2r; in PORTA,882,9I7 II44 Ca//osobruchus, 894-5; in Porthesia, see Euproctis Plusiocampa, 45I Papilionids, I 130; in Phoridae, PORTIER,837,846,850,9I7 PLUTARCH, I239 rors; alary, in Hemiptera, 688 PORTSCHINSKY, IOOI INDEX 1335 postantennal organ, in lsoptera, 6o6, 615 proprioceptor setae, on Collembola, 462, 464 Primates, Pediculidae on, 677 Lepidopterous larvae, I 092 post-clypeus, in Coleoptera, 8I8; Primicimex, sperm injected dir- Propsocus, 654 in Hemiptera, 68o ectly into haemocoele, 699 Proreus, 578 postocellar glands, part of salivary PRINCIS, 599, 6o4 Prorhinotermes, large frontal glands, 1192 PRINGLE, J. A., 840, 9I7 gland, 6I2; regressive moults Potamanthidae, 487 PRINGLE, J. W. S., 69o, 766,963, to produce soldiers, 622; wor• Potamanthus, 487 I064 ker, soldier, 619 Potato, Epilachna, a pest of, 884; Prionoglaridae, 653 Prosbolidae, 702 Leptinotarsa decemlineata, a Prionoxystus robiniae, (Cossidae) Proscopiidae, 549, 555 pest of, 895; Omophlus leptur• wing-venation, I08I; larval Prosopistoma, 488; highly mod- oides, a pest of, 887 stage, duration of, 11 I 6 ified, 483; nymph predacious, Potato leaf hopper, 7 I 3 PRIORE, 9I7 481, 483; thoracic and Potato tuber moth, see Pthorimaea PRITCHARD, 506, Sill abdominal ganglia fused, 485 operculella proboscis (Cyclorrhapha), 957; Prosopistomatidae, 488 Potosia, 86I; P. cuprea, in ants' (Lepidoptera), I074 Prosopistomatoidea, 488 nests, 86I Procampodea, 450 Prospaltella berlesei, parasite of POTTER,936,940,94I,949 Procampodeidae, 450 Diaspis pentagona, 1224 POTIS, R. C., 628, 640 proctiger, in Siphonaptera, 946 prostate glands, in Ensifera, 542 POITS, W. H., I033, I004 Proctotrupidae, 1226 Prostemma, haemocoelic fecunda• Potu fly, see Simulium indicum Proctotrupoidea, 1226 tion,699,7JJ POULTON, 873, 9I5, I007, IOIO, Proctotrupoids, 1225; all par- prosternal furrow in sound I064, I093. I094. I098, 1140, asitic, I I77; Agriotypus per• production of Reduviidae and 114I, 1157. I257. I275 . haps belongs here, I2IO; Phymatidae, 69o poultry, attacked by antennae, I 178; cyclopiform prostheca, in Blattaria, 593; in Haematosiphon, 734 and teleaform larvae, 1197; Coleoptera, 818; in Diplura, Povilla, 487 female sometimes apterous, 444 Powderpost beetles, see Lyctidae 1185; stalked eggs, 1195 Prostomidae, 885 POWELL, 1107, 1157 Prodoxidae, 1107 Protanisoptera, 51 o PRADHAN,829,9I7, I075, II57 Prodoxus, 1107 Protelytroptera, 424, perhaps PRADL,592,6o4 progredientes, in Adelges, 724 allied to Dermaptera, 577 PRADO, I038, I004 progressive provisioning in Pro tenor, 740 Praon, biology, I2I2, cocoon, Hymenoptera, I I76, I252, Protentomidae, 459 I2I2 I253 Protentomon, 459 PRAIT, I064 Projapygidae, 450; abdominal Protephemeroptera, wings not prawns, freshwater, carrying appendages, 446; cerci, 446; flexed, 424; ? Triplosoba a Simuliid larvae, 989 with prostheca, 444; repug• member of, 485 Precis, 1127 natorial glands, 44 7 Protereismatidae, 485 prefrons, of Psocoptera, 64 7 Projapygoidea, 450 Protermes minutus, nest, 631 PRELL,455,459 Projapyx, 450; Malpighian Protoblattoidea, 424, 425; an- prementum (Diptera), 957; tubules, 447; spiracles, 447 cestors ofBiattaria, 599; derived (Cyclorrhapha), 958 prolegs, in Lepidopterous larvae, from Protorthoptera, 599 Prenolepis, replete workers, I24I, I09I Proterhinidae, see Aglycideridae I242 pronymph, in Blatta, 597; in Proteri1inus, 898 PRENN, 512, SIS Mantodea, 599; in Odonata, Protocalliphora azurea, 1030 prepupa, Cyclorrhapha, 977; of 503; in Orthoptera see ver• protocerebral glands, see cephalic Hymenoptera, I200 miform larva, 543 salivary glands 'prepupa', in Coccoidea, 726; in Propalticidae, 88o Protocucujidae, 879 Thysanoptera, 787 Prophalangopsidae, 5 45; derived Protodiplatys, perhaps allied to PRESCOTT, I006, I064 from Oedischiidae, 5~ simple Dermaptera, 577 pressure-differences, organ per- alary stridulation, 540 Protodonata, relations to ceiving, in Nepa, 69I, 746 Prophalangopsis, 5 45 Odonata, 510; wings not prestomal teeth, 958 propleuron, in Hymenoptera, flexed,424 Prestwichia aquatica, I225 1183 Protolepidoptera, 1101 PRIESNER, 782, 785, 786, 787, 788, propneustic tracheal system in Protomecoptera, 938; early occur• 79I Dipterous larvae, 97 5 rence,426 primary reproductives, in propodeum, 1182 Protonemura, 529 INDEX

Protoneuridae, 5 I I Pseudococcidae, 728 nal, 647-so; head, 647; mouth• Protoparce, anatomy, 1097; larval Pseudococcus, 728; female, 726; parts, 64S; anatomy, internal, stomach, I 094; pilifers and ovisac of waxen threads, 726; 6so--sr; development, 6sr; affi• mandibles, 1075; pulsatile species polyphagous in glass• nities and phylogeny, 426, organ on aorta, I oS 5 houses, 726; venation of male, 6sr-2; perhaps derived from Protopaussus, S43 725; P. kenyae, relations with ancestors of Zoraptera, 6s2; Protoperlaria, doubtfully an• ants, 727; P. njalensis, vector of perhaps ancestral to cestors of Endoptergotes, 426; swollen shoot of cacao, 72S Mallophaga, 652, 66r, 664; affinities with Plecoptera, 527 Pseudococcus bromeliae, in stems classification, 6s2-4; literature, Proto piasa, 962 of Tachygalia, SSo 655-7; food, 656 Protoprosbole, 424 pseudocubitus, in Chrysopa, So6 Psoculidae, 654 Protoprosbolidae, earliest known pseudoculus, of Protura, 454 Psoculus, 654 Hemiptera, 426 Pseudocreobotra, 597 Psocus, 6s4 Protopsyllidae, 702 Pseudogona/os hahni, 120S Psoquillidae, 652 Protorthoptera, 424, 42 s; in pseudogynes, in Formica san- Psorophora (Culicid), eggs laid on upper Carboniferous, 543; an• guinea, 1237 by Dermatobia, 1029 cestors of Protoblattoidea, 599 pseudo-imagines, in Isoptera, 6r6 Psyche (Fumea), female pupa with Prototheora, 1077 Pseudoips, I 145 wings, I 109; female habits, Prototheoridae, I 106 Pseudolestidae, 5 I 2 IIOI)-IO; Psyche intermedia, 4 Protozoa, symbiotic, in pseudomedia in Chrysopa, 8o6 abdominal ganglia, roSs; Cryptocercus, 596; Pseudomorphinae, 844 Psyche unicolor, see Canephora Hypermastigina and Pseudomyrmex, 123S Psychidae, I 108; anatomy, roSS; Polymastigina, in Isoptera, 62S Pseudomyrmicinae larvae, I 176, crop, I oS4; ductus seminalis Protozygoptera, 5 I o 1241 short, roS7; ganglia, roSs; legs Protura, 454; anatomy, external, pseudoperculum, in absent in some female, 1077; 454-7; mouthparts, 456; Heteropterous eggs, 70 I wings lost in some female, anatomy, internal, 457-S; Pseudophaea, 510 ro82; larval cases, 1093; larval alimentary canal, 457; post• Pseudophasmatinae, 568 crochets, I 092; free abdominal embryonic development, 45S; Pseudophyllinae, resemblance to segments in pupa, I roo; pupal affinities, 458; classification, leaves, 546 wing cases, 1099 458---i); literature, 459--6o; pseudopods (Dipterous larvae), Psychoda; 5 Malpighian tubules, relationships, 423; status, 422 974 966; larval brain in prothorax, Proturentomon, 459 Pseudopomyzidae, I037 977; larval dorsal plates, 9S2; s proventriculus, rods (acanthae) in Pseudopsocus, 6 54 larval Malpighian tubules, 966; lining, 946; in Diptera, 96s; in Pseudoptynx, larva, 809 lung-like structure in larvae, Hymenoptera, II9I pseudo-pupa in Meloidae, S9o 975 PRYOR,9S7, 1064 Pseudosinella, 47 I Psychodidae, 98I-2; pleural Psalliota (mushrooms), Pseudostigmatidae, 5 I I sulcus twice bent, 97S; ter• Cecidomyid pests of, 996; pseudotracheae, 955; mitophilous larvae, 630 Mycetophilid pests of, 995 in Cyclorrhapha, 95S; tracesof Psychodinae, 982 Psammocharidae, see Pompilidae inMecoptera, 933 Psychodoidea, 98I Psammotermes, 634 Psi/a rosae, I 024 Psychomyiidae, larvae, I 170 Pselaphidae, 855; maxillary palpi, Psilidae, 1023 Psychopsidae, 8o7; larvae of, So8 Sr9; termitophilous, 630 Psilopa petrolei, larva in crude Psycho psis elegans, 807--8; P. Pselaphinae, Sss petroleum, 1023 gracilis, male, So7 Psen, 1251 Psilopsocidae, 654 Psylla; head and thorax, 714; Psephenidae, 864; larva, S6s Psithyrus, corbicula wanting, maxillary stylets closely locked, Psephenoides, S64 1255, 126o; mouthparts, I rSo, 6S2; instars 6, 702; spiracles, Psephenus, S64 species inquilines, 126o; P. 691; venation, 714; P. alni, 4D-• Pseudacanthotermes, soldier with vesta/is, parasite of Bombus so ovarioles, 69S; P. buxi, gall• sticky defensive saliva, 6r I terrestris, 126o; P. rupestris, maker, 7rs; P. mali, adult, 714; Pseudachorutes, 470 parasite of B. lapidarius, 126o life-history, 714-1S; 8--() ovar• Pseudagenia, see Auplopus Psocidae, 654 ioles, 698; P. pyricola, nymph, pseudergates, 617, 620 Psococerastis, 654 714; pest of pear, 7IS; wing, Pseudiron, 4S I Psocomorpha, 653, largest subor• 714 Pseudocaeciliidae, 654 der of Psocoptera, 652 Psyllidae, 7I3; abdomen, rst Pseudocaecilius, 654 Psocoptera, 646; anatomy, exter- three segments reduced, 6S9; INDEX 1337

antenna! segments 10, 682; ptilinal sulcus, see frontal sulcus PUSSARD-RADULESC0,783,791 sometimes associated with (Diptera) PUTON, 730, 773 ants, 1241; frons, 68o; heart ptilinum, 953; function, 953; Pycnoscelus, 6oo well-developed, 697; jumping well-developed in Conopidae, PYE, 1083, 1147 hind legs, 688; labium 3- I043; wanting in Pygidicranidae, 578; carnivorous, segmented, 684; sperm-pump Nycteribiidae, 1037 577; two penes in male, 574; present, testis with 4-5 fol• Ptilodactylidae, 865 with reduced ovipositor, 574 licles, 699; most generalized Ptilodon, II4I Pygidocranoidea, 578 Sternorrhyncha, possible Ptiloneuridae, 653 pygidial glands, in Coleoptera, origin, 702; Chrysopa predator Ptinidae, 875; absence of wings, 829 on,8o7 823 pygophor in Auchenorrhyncha, Psyllipsocidae, 652 Ptochomyia, 630 689 Psyllipsocus ramburi, domestic Ptychoptera, 5 larval Malpighian pygostyles, in Hymenoptera, species, 652 tubules, 976; larval brain in 1187 Psyllobora 22-punctata, 882 head and prothorax, 977; larval Pyralidae, 1121; pilifers of pupa Psylloidea, 713 posterior spiracle on segment, conspicuous, 1098 Pterocallidae, 1045 I2, 975 Pyralinae, 1122 Pterocheilus, Fedtschenkia, par- Ptychopteridae, g8o Pyralis farina/is, I I 22 asite of, 1234 Ptyelus, 708 Pyraloidea, 1120; Microlepidop- Pterocomma jlocculosa, 21 eaten in Pugs, see Geometridae tera, 1101 20 min by larva of Metasyrphus PUKOWSKI, 833, 854, 917 Pyrameis, see Cynthia nitens, IOI9 Pulex irritans, head, 945; height Pyraustidae, see Pyralidae Pterocroce storeyi, 811 of jump, 64I; developmental Pyraustinae, 1123 Pterodelidae, see Lachesillidae period, 948; pigs and man Pyrgomantis, 597, 6o1 Pterogeniidae, 885 hosts of, 943 Pyrgomorphidae, 550 Pteroloma, 8I7 Pulicidae, 948; no pupal wing• Pyrgotidae, 104.5 Pteromalidae, 1223, some species cases, 941 Pyrochroa, 888; larva, 889 phytophagous, I2I7 Pulicoidea, 948 Pyrochroidae, 888 Pteromalus puparum, parasite Pulicophora, adult dimorphic, Pyrophorus, light-production, especially of Pieris rapae and P. 1015; wings absent, 1014 868--(); P. noctilucus, 868 brassicae, 1223; P. deplanatus, pulvilli (Diptera), 962 Pyrrhocoridae, 739; gut-caeca swarms in buildings, I223 Pulvinaria, B!astothrix a parasite reduced or absent, 693; ocelli Pterombrus, 1233 of, 1224 wanting, 682 Pteromicra, I039 pupa, exarate, 1 100; decticous Pyrrhocoris apterus, 739; alary Pteronarcidae, 529; retain some and adecticous, 1 1oo; of polymorphism, 688 primitive features, 527 Diptera, 977; cryptocephalic, Pyrrhocoroidea, 739 Pteronarcoidea, 529 977; spiracles, 977; of Pyrrhosoma, 51 1 Pteronarcys, 529; ganglia, 525; Lepidoptera, 1098; pupa Pythidae, 887 long oesophagus, 524; number incompleta and obtecta, 1100, Pytho, 887 of eggs, 525; nymph 1 102; in male and female polyphagous, 526; number of Strepsiptera, 927; so-called QADRI, 479, 492, 539, 540, 559, nymphal moults, 527; P. dor• 'pupa' in Coccoidea, 702, 726; 597, 604, 689, 773 sata, 529 in Thysanoptera, 787 Quadraspidiotus perniciosus, pest Pterophoridae, I 123 pupal shelters, in Trichoptera, of deciduous fruits, 725, 729 Pterophoroidea, 1123 1 169; pupal swimming, in quadrate plates = reduced 9th Pterophorus pentadactyla, I I23 Trichoptera, II 68 abdominal tergite in pteropleuron, definition, 96 I pupation and pupariation in Hymenoptera Pterostichinae, 844 Diptera, 977 QUAIL, 1106, II S8 Pterostichus melanarius, 829 Pupipara, blood sucking in both QUAINTANCE,715,773, 1045,1064 Pterothysanidae, 1 I34 sexes, 951; characters of, 1020 QUATE, 982, 1064 Pterothysanus, I I 34 puparium (Diptera), definition, Quedius, in ants' nests, 1242 Pterygote insects, characters, 422, 977; in Cecidomyidae QUEDNAU,722,773 423 (Chortomyia, Mayetiola), 996 queen-substance (A pis), 1192 Pthirus, 677; P. pubis, antennae, PURI,734,773,989, 1064 queen ant, 12 36; queen in 672; on man, 672; vesiculae Purple Emperor, see Apatura iris Isoptera, 6o6; queen in social seminales, 67 5 purse-makers, see Hydroptilidae, Hymenoptera, 1175; queen in Ptiliidae, 853; small size, 8I7 larvae Vespidae, 1247 INDEX

QUENNEDEY, II68, II74 REBEL, I072, 1073, II20, Il43, Projapygidae, 447; see also QUINLAN, I2I4, I267 IIS9 defensive glands receptaculum seminis, in Retia/a viridis, 706 RAATIKAINEN, 76o Lepidoptera, I087 Reticulitermes, 634; dealated king rabbit, Haemodipsus on, 676; rectal papillae, in Coleoptera, and queen, 6I s; formation of Siphonaptera on, 943 829; rectal pouch in secondary colonies, 62s; nest, Rachiberotha, raptorial legs, 802 Dytiscidae, 829; rectal pouch 63 I; protozoa in gut perhaps radicolae, in Viteus, 723 in Isoptera, 6I I retained at moults, 628; sup• RAFFRAY, 8ss, 9I7 rectal valve, (Diptera), 966; papil• plementary reproductive RAGGE, S39, S44,S47,SS9,S62, lae, (Diptera), 966 queen, 6I6; R. hesperus, S70,S93,S99,6oo,6o4 rectum (Hymenoptera), I I9I development from egg, 62I; RAHLE,S8S, s89, S9I Red scale of Citrus, see Aonidiella formation of new colonies, 62s; RAINE, 683, 7S8 aurantii and Chrysomphalus R. lucifugus, 6o6; frontal gland, RAINONE, 603 ficus 6I3; pseudo-imagines, 6I6; RAMCKE, 672, 678 REDTENBACHER,S68,809,8I4 swarming, 62s rami, in Collembola, 464 Reduviidae, 732; alary polymor• retinaculum in Collembola, 463, RAMME, S4S, SS9 phism, 688; some blood• 464; in Lepidopterous RAMOND, s86, S90 suckers, 679; blood-sucking, forewing, I o8 I RAMPAZZO, 886, 9IS method of feeding, 68s; labium retort-shaped organs, in RAMSAY,S43,SS9 usually 3-segmented, 684; Hemiptera, 684 Ranatra, egg, 70I; pulsatile mem• predacious, 679; presternal RETTENMEYER, I043, I06S brane in legs, 697; coxal furrow in sound-production, REUTER,730,733,73S,774 stridulating organ, 69o; 690; Desmonetopa associating REYNE, 783, 792 Prestwichia a parasite of, I22S; with, I042 Rhabdophaga, 996 R. quadridentata, life-history, Reduvioidea, 7JI; origin Rhabdiopteryx, 529 746 independent, 702; raptorial Rhabdura, 450 RANGANATHAN,628,639 fore legs, 688; 2 spermathecae, Rhachicerus, antennae, 997 RANKIN, 746, 774 698 Rhacodineura, I 032 Raphidia, 79S, 797; ovipositor, Reduvius personatus, 732; preys Rhagio, antenna, 954; larva, 998; 794, 797; Ichneumonidae par• on Cimex, 732; sound produc• wing, 964; R. notata, pretarsus, asitic on, 1209; R. not ata, tion, 690 49; R. scolopacea, 999; R. adult, 797; larva, 796 REES,874,9I7,936,939 tringaria, larval prey, 999 Raphidiidae, 795, 797; larva, 797; REHN, J. A., S44, S49, SSO, SS3, Rhagionidae, gg8; larva with I I pupa,797-8 ss9, S79, s82, s93, 6o4 postcephalic ganglia, 976; ner• Raphidioidea, 79S, 796; status, REHN, J. W. H., S79, S82, 6oo, vous system little more con• 42I, 426 604 centrated in adult than larva, RAPP, IOOO, I06S REICHELT, I077, IIS8 967 RAsCHKE, 983, I06S REICHENBACH, II77 Rhagonycha, 872; R.limbata, RASNITSYN, I202, I27S REICHENBACH-KLINKE, 827, 9I7 abdomen, 826 Raspberry, Byturus tomentosus, a REID, J. A., 8s3, 9 I7, I229, I24S, Rhagovelia, 743 pest of, 88 I; Caenorhinus ger• I27S Rhamphomyia, IOIO manicus, a pest of, 898 REID, W. R., 823, 9I7 Rhaphidophoridae, 5 45 Ratardidae, I I 38 REINHARD, I2S3, I27S Rhaphidosoma, 733 RATCLIFFE, 640 REITTER, 8I7, 9I7 RHEES, 49I RATHJEN, I I66, I I74 relapsing fever, see Borellia recur- Rheumobates, 689 rats, source of bubonic plague, rentis Rhicnoda, S96 942 REMAUDIERE, I 224, I 267 Rhinoceros, Gyrostigma, a parasite RATZEBURG, I2IO, I27S REMINGTON,440,443 of, I027 RAU, 12SI, I27S REMOLD, 696, 774 Rhinocypha, 496 RAUCCI, S93, 6o3 REMPEL, 89I, 9II Rhinoestrus, myiasis of cranial RAW, 4S4, 4S9 RENK,727,770 cavities, 97 I RAWLINSON, 492 Renocera, I039 Rhinomacer, see Cymberis Raymondia, I037 repagula, 809 Rhinomaceridae, see RAYNAL, 982, I06S repletes, in Formicidae, I24I, Nemonychidae RAZZAUTI, 894 I242 Rhinomyia perplexa, larva with IO READIO, 732, 774 repugnatorial glands, in pairs of spiracles, 996 REAUMUR,7I8,8o8, I2S8 Lepidopterous larvae, I093; in Rhinophorinae, IOJI INDEX 1339

Rhinosimus, 887 with Siphunculata, 675 RIS LAMBERS, 718, 722, 774 Rhinotermes, 634; nests, 631; Rhynchota, see Hemiptera RISLER, 66o, 668, 783, 792 quiescence at moult, 622 Rhyniella, Devonian RITCHER, 830, 861, 862, Rhinotermitidae, 634; frontal Collembola, 423; R. praecur• 917 secretion adhesive, 613; sor, 469 RITCHIE, 894, 917 nasutoid soldiers, 618 Rhyothemis, 496 RITTERSHAUS, 917 Rhinotoridae, 1040 Rhysodidae, 841; Rhysodes boysi, RIVOSECCHI, 1027, 1065 Rhipiceridae, 866 841 ROBACK, 1020, 1o65 Rhipiceroidea, 848, 866 Rhyssa persuasoria, 121 o Robber flies, see Asilidae Rhipidius, 889 Ribaga's organ, see ectosper- ROBERT,496,518 Rhipipteryx, ovipositor, 540 malege ROBERTSON, 1189, 1276 Rhipiphoridae, 889; cam- RIBAUT, 713, 774 ROBINSON, H., lOll, 1o65 podeiform larva, 834; hyper• RIBBA~, 1263, 1275 ROBINSON, I., 1040, 1065 metamorphosis, 835; resemb• Ricaniidae, 707 ROCHE, 640 lances to Strepsiptera, 922 rice, Leptocorisa, a pest of, 740; Rodentia, Cuterebra, parasite of, Rhipiphorini, hypermetamor• Nephotettix, a pest of, 713; 1029; Hoplopleura on, 676; phosis, 888 (grain) Sitophilus oryzae, a pest Mallophaga on, 665, 666 Rhithrogena, 486; nymph dor• of, 901 RODHAIN, 1027, 1037, 1065 mant in summer, 484 Rice weevil, see Sitophilus oryzae Rodolia cardinalis, in control of Rhizophagidae, 879 RICH, 509, 518 /cerya, 728, 883 Rhodites galls on Rosa and Rubus, Richardiidae, 1044 ROEDER,598,604, 1082,1083, 1216; R. rosae, makes bedeguar RICHARDS, A. G., 476, 492, 936, ll58 gall, 1216 940,946,949.1082,1158 Roederoides, lOll Rhodnius, aeropyles of egg nearly RICHARDS, A. M., 545, 559 ROESLER,652,656 200, 700; R. prolixus, vector of RICHARDS, M. J., 1250, 1275 ROHDENDORFF,422,424,430 Chagas' disease, 732 RICHARDS, 0. W., 551, 559, 1040, ROHWER, 1203, 1276 Rhodoneura, 1120 1065, 1229, 1230, 1246, 1250, ROLET, 1073, ll58 Rhogas, 1211 1251, 1260, 1269, 1275 ROLFE,428 Rhopalidae, 7 40 RICHARDS, P. A., 946, 949 Ropalidiini, perennial colonies, Rhopalocera (butterflies), rror, RICHARDS, W. R., 469, 474 ll76, 1250 1124; absence of cocoon, 1098; RICHARDSON, C. H., 1197, 1223, Ropalomeridae, 1039 pupal maxillary palps absent, 1275 Roproniidae, 1227 IOCJ9 RICHARDSON, E. S., 428 Rose chafer, see Cetonia aurata Rhopalosiphum, 717 RICHARDSON, J. W., 526, 532 ROSS, E. S., 583, 585, 589, 591 Rhopalomutilla, 1234 Ricinidae, 665 ROSS, H. H., 427, 430, 529, 532, Rhopalosoma, 1246; perhaps a Ricinus, on song-birds, 665; R. 690, 711, 713, 774. 998, Pompiloid, 1245 dijfusus, reproductive organs 1065, ll66, 1171, 1174, 1184, Rhopalosomatidae, 1246 of male, 663 1276 Rhopalus, 740 RICKER, 527, 529, 532 ROSS, Sir Ronald, 985 Rhyacionia (Pine-shoot moth), Rickettsia prowazeki (typhus) rostrum, in Coleoptera, 817; in 1119 transmission of, 671 Curculionidae, 900; in Rhyacophila, larva free-living, RIDEWOOD, 947, 948 Sa/pingus, 887, in Diptera 1166; pupal shelters, 1169; RIEK, 427,430,799, 8o6, 814,922, Cyclorrhapha, 957; in wing-coupling, 1164; venation 930,938,940,948,949.1164, Hemiptera, 684 resembles Sabatinca, 1103; R. 1171, 1174. 1227, 1275 ROTH,594,595,596,597,6o2, fuscula, wing venation, 1164, Rielia, see Mantibaria 6o4,6o5 1165 RIES, 659, 668, 675, 678 ROTHSCHILD, G. H. E., 705, 774 Rhyacophilidae, 1172; larvae, RIETSCHEL,538,559,987, 1065 ROTHSCHILD, M., 945, 947, 948, 1170 RILEY, 551, 890, 894, 917, IOOC}, 949 Rhyacophiloidea, 1172 1o65, 1210, 1276 ROTHSCHILD, W., 1088, 1140, ll59 Rhynchaenus, 899; cocoon, 900; RILLING, 597, 6o3 ROTTMAR,937,940 larva mines leaves, 900; life• ringwall, see juxta ROUBAUD,970, 1025,1027,1030, history, 903 Riodinidae, 1127; fore legs of 1031, 1065, 1207, 1247, 1276 Rhynchites, rolling leaves, 898 male reduced, 1077 ROUSSET,435,437,443 Rhynchophorus ferrugineus, 901 Ripersia, 728 Rove beetles, see Staphylinidae Rhynchophthirina, 666; in RIPLEY, 1144, ll58 ROY, 6oo, 6o4 Phthiraptera, 664; relations RIPPON, ll30, ll58 royal jelly, source of, ll92 IJ40 INDEX

ROZEN,879,891,9Q6,917, I257, SAMPSON, 715, 774 scales, in Coleoptera, 900; in I276 Sandalidae, see Rhipicerida~ Curculionidae, 900; in R'OZKOONY, 1039, 1005 Sandalus, 866 Lepidoptera, 1077, 1078; RUCK, 4¢. SIS SANDER, 774 fine striations of in Morpho,I077i R\JCKES, I o86, II 59 SANDERS, E. P., 635 in Psocoptera, 649; primitive R'UDOLF, 509. SI6 SANDERS, G. E., 1266, 1276 type, in Trichoptera, 1164 RUHOFF, 731, 755 sandtlies, see Psychodidae scalpal organs (scalae), ¢3 R'UPERTSBERGER, 839,918 SANDIAS, 588, 590 Scaphidiidae, 854 RUPPEL,464,467,474 SANDS,618,6z,.,629,634,640, Scaphidium, 854 RUPPREOiT,524,530,532 735.774 Scaphisoma, 854 RUSS, I I68, I I74 San Jose scale see Quadraspidiotus Sraphium, 854 RUSSELL tl a/., 987, IOOS Sanninoitka exitiosa, the peach• Scapuriscus, 549 RU~ERGER,498,5I8 tree borer, I I I I Scaptomyza, larva leaf-miner, RUSTON,77I Saperda carcharias, larva in plant• 1022 Rutelinae, 862 stems, 893; length of life-• Scarabaeidae, 857, 86o; RYBERG, I037, I005 history, 894; ovarioles, 832; S. abdominal ganglia, 83o; fossor• R.YCK~,732,774,779 populnea, adult, 89z iallegs, 821; spiracles, 830; RYMER ROBERTS, 869, 870, 88o, Saprinus virescens, 852 tarsi, 822; testes, 831; larva, 88I,918 Sapromyzidae, see Lauxaniidae 835; larval alimentary canal, Sapyga c/avicornis, host, 1234 837; abdominal ganglia con• SAALAS, I 107, 1159 Sapygidae, 1234; sting an centrated, 838; palpi, 836; Saba/inca, larva, 1104, mouth• ovipositor, 1200 source of cocoon-forming parts, I075, I I04; venation, Sarcophaga, antenna, 954; cause material, 838; stridulating II03 of secondary myiasis, 971; organs, 826; superlinguae, 836; SABROSKY, IOOS, Io66 larva, biology, 1030 termitophilous species, 630; saccus, in male Lepidoptera, 1o83 Sarcophaginae, 1029; larviparity, lthone predatory on, 8oo; SADONES, 507, 518 968 Scoliidae, parasitic on, 1232; SA£ntER, 991, Io66 Saturniidae, 1137; adults not Thynninae, parasitic on, 1233 Saginae, 5 47 SASAKI, I033, 1o66 Scarabaeinae, 862; maternal care, Sagra splendida, 895 SATOiELL,982, Io66 833 Sagrinae, affinities, 894, 895 SATIR, 6I3, 641 Scarabaeoidea, 847, 857; S~AGE,-439,443 SATTLER,744,774 abdominal ganglia, 830; adult Sah/Jergella sing~Jiaris, 735 Saturnia, pupal antenna, 1099; and larval stridulation, 826--7, ST.GEORG£,886,907 S. pavonia, 1138; pupal emer• 859; anatomy, internal, 827; ST QUENTIN, 496, 502, 518 gence, IIOii S. pyri, 1138; cruciform larva, 835; mid gut, Saissetia, 729; S. oleae, Scuullista larval spinning glands, 1096 827, 8z8; respiratory system, cyanea, parasite of, I223 Saturniidae, IIJ7i adul1s not 830 SAKAl, 577, 582 feeding, mouthparts absent, scarabaeoid stage, larval Epicauta, SAKAGAMI, 1255, 1273, 1279 1075; amplexiform wing• 890 Sa/da liuoralis, S. pallipes, 736; coupling, 1o82; antennae, Scarabaeus, 863; Ceropura., as- survive immersion by sea, 736 1074; crop, Io84; silk• sociating with, 1040 Saldidae, 736; origins perhaps production, 1072; testicular Scaritini, 841 independent, 702 follicles in common scrotum, Scatophaga, 1025 Saldoidea, 736 1o85; cocoon, 1o98; fluid to Scatophagidae, 1025; not allied to .Saldula orlhochila, 736 soften cocoon, 1101; larval Mormotomyidae, 1041 salivary glands, accessory, ex- scoli, 1092; larval silk-glands Scatophaginae, some larvae cretory in Hemiptera, 695; very large, 1095 scavengers, 970 Diptera, 966; Hymenoptera, Satyrinae, 1125 Scatopse, 993 1191-2 SAUNDERS, E., u8z, 1207, 1276 Scatopsinae, 993; arolium, 962; 9 Sa/macia, see Gonia SAUNDERS, L. G., 989, 990, Io66 pairs larval spiracles, 974 SALMON,461,469,474,703,755 SAUNDERS, S. S., 1221 Scdio, 1227 Salpingidae, 887 . Saussurembia, 590 Scelionidae, 1227 Salpingus, 887 SAUSSURE, 1246, 1276 Scelionoidea, 1227; polyembry• SALT,927,930, 1204,1261,1276 SAVAGE, 1239 ony, 1177 SALVIN, 1073, 1152 scabellum, definition, ¢3 Sceliphron, 1252- 3; narrow SAUER,964, 1o66 scale, in lsopteran wings, 610 petiole, 1187 SAMAL, 526, 532 scale insects, see Coccoidea Scenopinidae, 1004; nervous INDEX 1341

system, 967; posterior larval SCHOLZEL,673,678 beneath gaster, 1187 spiracle on antepenultimate SCHORR,693,74I,775 Scoparia, II23 segment, 975 SCHOUTEDEN,742,775 Scopariinae, 1123 Scenopinus, I004 SCHRADER,7I6, 775 Scopura, 528 SCHAEFER,688,696,737,739,759, SCHULZ, 1208, I276 Scopuridae, 528, 530 774.775 SCHUMANN, 1027, 1066 Scorpiones, Sarcophaginae, par- SCHAEFFER,7I4, 775 SCHUSTER, I234, 1264 asitic on, 1030 SCHAFFER, 5 I 8 SCHWARZ, E. A., I2I8, I276 Scorpion flies, see Mecoptera SCHALLER,46I,468,474,519,775 SCHWARZ, H. F., I26I, I276 Scotocryptus, 853 Schedius kuwanae, egg-pedicel SCHWARZ, P., 525, 527, 532 Scotomedes, 733 protrudes from host-egg, I I95 SCHWARZ, R., IIZI, 1159 SCOTT, A., 840, 918 SCHEDL, 903 SCHWEMMLER, 700,775 SCOTT, E. I., IOI9, 1066 SCHELL,745,775 Sciadoceridae, I OI3 SCOTT, H., I036, I066, 1223, I276 SCHENKLING, 8I7, 9I8 Sciara, lacinia, 955; larva man• SCOTT, H. G., 469,474 SCHERF, 901, 918 dibular glands, 976; larva attack• SCOTT, M. T., 664, 668 SCHILDER, 9I8 ing potatoes, 995; S. fraterna, SCOURFIELD,423,430 SCHILDKNECHT, 829, 9I8, I240, 'Army worm', 994; S. militaris, Scraptia, larva, 888 I276 'Army worm', 994; S. Scraptiidae, 888 SCHI~,548, 559 semialata, male wings reduced, Screw-worm flies, see Cochliomyia SCHIODTE,730,775,839,842,844, 993; S. tritici, attacks young scrobe, 817 857,887,888,894,9I8 wheat, 995 SCUDDER, G. G. E., 436, 443, 534, SCHIRNHAUS, I02I, I04I, I066 Sciarinae, 993 536, 688, 689, 693. 702, 737. Schistocerca gregaria, 55 I, 553; S. Sciomyza, I039 748,763,766,775, II87, I276 paranensis, 553 Sciomyzidae, ro38; many larvae SCUDDER, S. H., I094, IOQ7, II 59 schistosomiasis, 1038 aquatic, 970 Scutelleridae, 7 4I Schizaspidia, 1223 Sciomyzoidea, Io38 Scutellerinae, sound-production, Schizodactylidae, 5 45 Scirtes, 863 690 Schizodactylus, 545 Scirtothrips aurantii, in U.S.A. on Scutellista cyanea, I223 Schizoneura, 7I7 Citrus, 782, 789; S. citri, inS. Scydmaenidae, 854 Schizophora, 952, IOI2; frontal Africa, on Citrus, 782 Scydmaenus tarsatus, larva, 855 lunule in, 952, 954; classifica• Sciuridae, host of Enderleinellus, Scymnus, larva, 883 tion of, I020 670, 672; Siphonaptera, on, Scythridae, 11 I 3 Schizoptera, 736 942 Scytinopteridae, 702 Schizotrypanum cruzi, see Sclerodermus, I23I Seals;Echinophthirius on, 672, Chagas' disease Sclerogibbidae, 1230, I23I 676; Echinophthiriidae, on, SCHLEE,699,702,703,714,775 Scolebythidae, I231 676; Wedell seal, SCHLEIN, 1034, 1065 scoli, in Limacodid larvae, I I I7; Antarctophthirius on, 675 Schlettererius, 1213 in Saturniid larvae, 1092 seasonal forms, of Araschnia and SCHLIWA, 468,474 Scotia hirta (bifasciata}, 1232; S. Precis, n27; of /phiclides, n3o; SCHMID, II71, II74 .flavifrons, host, 1232; S. man• of Me/anitis, 1125 SCHMIDT, E., 50I, 5I9 ilae, host, 1232 SEDDON, I030, I069 SCHMIDT, G., 862, 918 Scoliidae, 1232 SEDLACZEK,827,9I8 SCHMIDT, H., 606, 640, 878, 9I8 Scolioidea, I232; poison sac SEDLAG, 464,475 SCHMIDT, R. S., 640 musculated, u89 SEEGER, 845, 9I8 SCHMIEDEKNECHT, 1200, 1210, Scolytinae, 901; abdominal spir• SEEVERS,630,640,853,856,9I8 I26o, I276 acles, 83 r; digestive system, SEGU¥,676,678,978, I043, 1066 SCHMITT, I084, II59 827; maternal care, 833; Sehirus bicolor, 74I SCHMITZ, G., 856, 9I8 reproductive habits, 833; SEIBT, 1038, I07I SCHMITZ, H., IOI4, IOI5, 1065 stridulation, 826; variation in SEILER, IIIO, 1159 SCHMUTTERER, 729,775 wing muscles, 823; scheme of Seioptera, I045 SCHMUTZ, 662, 663, 668 tunnels, 902; larvae, 903; larval SEITZ, 1073, II35, 1159 SCHNEIDER, F., I017, I065 gut, 837; predators on: SEKHON,433,443,497,5I9,585, SCHNEIDER, G., 693, 775 Niponius, 852; Rhizophagidae, 59I, 783, 792 SCHNEIDER, H., 647,656 879; Silvanus, 88o SELANDER,889,890,918 SCHNEIRLA, I238, I276 Scolytus, monogamy, sex ratio, Selasia unico[or, 870 SCHOENEMUND,492,52I,525,532 902 SELLKE,978,980, Io66 Schoenobiinae, II22 scopa, on hind tibia, u87; Sematuridae, 1134 1342 INDEX

SEMICHON, 1255, 1276 SHARPLIN, 1081, 1159 SILVESTRI, 444, 452, 454, 459, 630 Semper, cells of, 1077 sheath (of Tachinid larvae), IOJZ- 6J4,64•,64J,644,645,8s6, SEN GUPTA, 880, 881, 918, 919 3 928, 930, 1020, 1042, 1067, SENIOR-WHITE, I029, 1066 sheep, Linognathus on, 676; 1120, 1159, 1198, 1219, 1224, sensilium (pygidium), in Melophagus on, 1035; Oestrus 1225, 1241, 1277 Siphonaptera, 946 on, 1029 SIMANTON, 883, 919 Sepedon, 1039 Sheep ked, see Melophagus ovinus SIMMONDS, 783, 792 Sepsidae, IOJ9; larvae scavengers, Sheep maggot flies, see Lucilia Simuliidae, 988; antennae weakly 970 Sheep nostril fly, see Oestrus segmented, 979; blood suckers, Serica brunnea, abdominal gang• SHELFORD, R., 594, 6o5, 843, 919, 951; male with mandibles, 956; lia, 830 980, 1061 pupal spiracular gill, 977; 6 Sericoderus, 882 SHELFORD, V. E., 842, 843, 919, larval instars, 977; larvae phor• Sericomyia, larva saprophagous, 1009, 1066 etic on Ephemerid nymphs, 1017 SHENFELDT, 1200, 1278 484 Sericostomatidae; lack ocelli, SHJLLITO, 1038, 1067 Simulium; lacks proventriculus, 1172; larvae, 1171; thoracic SHIPLEY,970,983, 1063 965; larval pseudopods, 974; glands, 1168 SHORT, 496, 519, 1073, 1075, larval rectal tracheal gills, 976; Serphoidea, see Proctotrupoids 1090, 1159, 1196, 1209, only one spermatheca, 967; S. Serritermes, 635 1211,1277 venustum, 988; sp. attracted to Serritermitidae, 635 SHULL, 721, 769 the Loon, (Cavia), 988; spp. Serrodes, anal sphincter and no Sialidae, 795; wings, 795; larvae, harm caused by, 988 anal pads, 1084; fruit-sucking, 795-']96 Sinentomidae, 458; tracheal 1084 Sialioidea, 794-5; status, 42 J, 426 system, 457 Serropalpidae, see Melandryidae Sialis, absence of male gonocox• Sinentomon, 458 SERVADEI, 704, 738, 775 ites, 794; wings, compared SINETY, de, 562, 565, 570 Sesia, 4th and 5th abdominal with those of Hymenoptera, SINGH, I., 599, 6o1 ganglia fused, 1085; size of 1184; eggs, 795; Trichogramma SINGH, S., 748 genus, 1111; S. tipuliformis, semhlidis, parasite of egg, 1225; SINGH, S. B., 965, 966, 1067 see Synanthedon salmachus larvae, 796; S. fuliginosa, 796; SINGH-PRUTHI, 689, 775 Sesiidae, I I w; anatomy, 1088; S. lutaria, 795, 796 Sinodendron, 86o cubital retinaculum often Sierolomorphidae, I 233 Sinoxylon, 875 present, 1o82 Siettitia, 845 Sipha, 717 setae, proprioreceptor, in Sigara, 747 Siphlaenigma, 486 Lepidopterous larva tactile, Signiphora, see Thysanus Siphlaenigmatidae, 486 1092 SIGNORET, 741, 775 Siphlonuridae, 486 Setipalpia, 529 SIKES, 947,949 Siphlonurus, 486; nymphal gills, SETTY, 940 silk produced by Malpighian 482 SEURAT, 1178, 1191, 1196, 1210, tubules in Planipennia, 799 Siphonaptera, 94I; anatomy, ex• 1211, 1277 silk-glands, in Embiidae, 584, ternal, 944-6; anatomy, inter• SEVERIN, G., 703, 766, 1195 585; in Lepidopterous larvae, nal, 946; biology and metamor• SEVERIN, H., 562, 570, 746 1095; in Trichoptera, 1168 phoses, 946-8; reproduction, sex-determination, in A pis, 1263 silk-production, 1073, 1098, 1138 94 7-8; classification, 948; acan• sex-ratios, in soldier Isoptera, silk-regulator, of spinning appar• thae as in the Mecoptera, 936; 619 atus, 1096 fossil, 948; affinities, 426-7; sexuales, in Adelgidae, 724; in Silpha, abdominal ganglia, 830; literature, 948-so aphids, 719 on carrion, 8 53; larval ligula, Siphunculata, 67o; anatomy ex• sexuparae, in Adelges, 724; in 836; rectal caecum, 829; S. ternal, 672-4; section of head, aphids, 719 tristis, adult and larva, 854 673; anatomy internal, 674-5; SHAFER, 1253, 1277 Silphidae, 853; digestive system, postembryonic development, SHARGA,786,792 827; larval palpi, 836; ocelli, 675; affinities and phylogeny, SHARIF,641,947,949 818; rectal papillae, 829 426, 67 5-6; specificity of hosts, SHAROV,42J,424,425,4J0,485, Silphopsyl/us, 853 670; transmission of diseases, 492,523,527,532,543,544, SILTALA, 1171, 1174 671-2; classification, 676-']; s6o, s68,s7o Silvanidae, 88o literature, 677-8; resemblance SHARP,423,430,825,845,895, Silvanus, 88o to Mallophaga, 664; in 896, 916, 919, 1007, 1132, Silverfish, see Thysanura or Phthiraptera (as Anoplura), 1136, 1159 Lepismatidae 664 INDEX 1343

Siphunculina, transmitting con• male and female reproductive lsoptera, 6o6, 618; head and junctivitis, I043 organs, ro86 mandibles, 6o8; mandibulate, Sirex, larva with metathoracic Smicra, see Chalcis nasute, nasutoid, phragmotic, spiracles, I20I; Schlettererius, Smicrips, 87g 6I8; absent in Anoplotermes, parasitic on, I2I3; S. noctilio, Smicromyrme rufipes, I234 6r8 introduced to Britain, 1203 Sminthuridae, 471; modified Solenobia, parthenogenetic, I rog Siricidae, 1202; lbaliids, parasitic male antennae, 462; tracheae Solenopotes, 676 on, I2I7; Orussids, parasitic present, 467; ventral ganglia Solenopsis, Orasema parasite of, on, I203 almost fused, 466 1223 Siricoidea, 1202; fore tibia Sminthurides, 471; left mucro, SOLIMAN, I 178, 1277 sometimes with I spur, I20I 465; S. aquaticus, 465 Solva, 1003 Sisyra, larvae of, 8o2; S. Sminthurus, 471; biology and Solvinae, annectent to jlavicornis, right wings, 8o3; S. development, 468; S.fuscus, Xylophagidae, roo2; larva in fuscata, larva, 8o2 tracheal system, 467 rotten wood, 1002 Sisyridae, 8o2; larvae, 8o2 SMIT, g4I, g4g Somatoch/ora, 514 sistentes, in Adelges, 724 SMITH, C. F., 722,776 Soricidae, Polyp/ax, on, 676 Sitaris, 8go; absence of crop, 827; SMITH, D. S., 5g5, 603 SOUCEK, Z., 678 S. muralis, parasite of SMITH, F., 1257 SOULE, rog4, II5g Anthophora, 8go SMITH, G., g27, g30 sound perception, in Chrysopa, Sitodiplosis mosellana, see Wheat SMITH, H. D., g30 8o6; in Lepidopterous adults, midges SMITH, H. L., 7g6, 814 I o82; in Lepidopterous larvae, Sitona, go3; species pests of SMITH, H. S., 1222, 1277 1092 legumes, goo; S. lineata, larva SMITH, I. M., 44g, 450, 452 sound production, in Acherontia, feeds on roots, goo; ovarioles, SMITH, K. G. V., 1011, I043, I067 r 140; in Aegocera tripartita, 832 SMITH, K. M., 1025, 1045, 1067 I 143; in Arctiidae, 1142; Sitophilus (Calandra), larval crop, SMITH, M. S. R., 678 in Orthoptera, 54o--4r 837; larva a seed-eater, goo; S. SMITH, 0. R., 480, 4g2 SOUTHWOOD,6g5,700,730,74I, granarius, pest of stored cereal SMITH, R. C., 506, 814 766,776 grains, go I; S. oryzae, pest of SMITH,R.H.,72g,776 SOYKA, 1201, 1277 stored rice, go I SMITH, S. M., g88, 1052 Spalangia muscidarum, 1223 sitophore, in Blattaria, 5g3; in SMITHERS, 652, 656 S palgis epius, r 128 Hemiptera, 684; sitophore SMULYAN, I04I, 1067 Spaniopsis, gg8 sclerite in Psocoptera, 648; in Snake flies, see Raphidioidea Spanish fly, see Lytta Mallophaga, 66I SNIDER, 472 Sparganothis, 1120 Sitotroga cerealella (Angoumois SNODGRASS,435,443,444,445, Spathegaster baccarum, summer grain moth), 11 I4 452,47g,484,4g2,522,532, generation of Neuroterus len• Six-spotted leaf hopper, see 537,538,53g,540,542, s6o, ticularis, 1216 Macrosteles fasciifrons 565, 570, 5g2, 5g4, 5g5, 6os, SPEERS, 708, 776 SJOSTEDT, 6 34, 64 I 643,645,648,656,662,668, SPEIGHT, g6I, ro67 SKAIFE, I 021, I 067 672,678,684,68g,6gr,776, SPEISER, 1035, 1036, I037, 1067 SKINNER, .1203, 1266 82r,gig,g44,g4g,g56,g58, SPENCER, 1041, 1067 Skippers, see Hesperiidae g5g, g64, IOI2, I067, I073, Speolepta, larva propneustic, 994 SLADEN, I25g, I26o, I277 Io76, I 128, 115g, u8r, 1182, Spercheidae, 851 SLATER,686,68g,702,737,738, 1187, II8g, 11g2, 11g3, 1263, spermatheca, in Coleoptera, 832; 746,755.775.776,777 I277 in Diptera, g67 slavery amongst ants, 1243 SNOW, rooo, ro65 spermatophore; in Coleoptera, sleeping sickness, transmission of, SNYDER,6o6,62I,634,635,64I, 832; in Lepidoptera, ro87; in g5I, I034 840,gig Orthoptera, 542; in Phasmida, SLIFER, 433,443, 4g7, 51g, 572, social life, in Hymenoptera, 566; in Trichoptera, 1165 582,585, 5gi,783,7g2 II75/, 1234-1244, 1247- sperm conceptacles, 6gg slugs, Tetanocera, predator on, 51, 1254, 1255, 1258-63; sperm-pump, in Mecoptera, 10]9 in Isoptera, 6o6, 614-33 g36 SMART, 428, 430, g8g, I05I, SOFNER, 65I, 656 SPEYER, E. R., 724, 776, 787, I067 SOGAWA, 6g5, 776 7g2 Smerinthus ocellatus, larval soil, effects of Isoptera on, 633 SPEYER, W., 714, 776 crypsis, IOg3; Smerinthus, Soldier beetle, see Cantharidae Sphaeridium, 85o; larva, 851 larval ecdyses, I094; S. populi, soldiers in Forrnicidae, 1237; in Sphaeriidae (Coleoptera), 840 1344 INDEX

Sphaeriidae (Mollusca), Renocera SPIEGLER, 801, S13 crypsis, 1093; larval mandib• and Knutsonia predators on, SPIETH, 477, 47S, 479, 4So, 492, ular gland, 1097 I039 1022, 106S STEENBERG,994, 106S Sphaerioidea, 840 S pilopsyllus cuniculi, 943 STEFANI, 5S4, 5S5, 591 Sphaerites glabratus, Ssi S pilosmylus, So 1; S . .flavicornis, STEFFAN, 724, 776, S40, S64, Sphaeritidae, 85 I habitat, So1 919 Sphaeroceridae, I040; sometimes S pirachtha, termitophilous, 630, Stegobium paniceum, 874 apterous, 962 Ss6 STEIN, F., S32, 919 Sphaerodema, eggs glued to back spiracular gills, in Dipterous STEIN, G., 696, 776 of male, 746 pupae, 977 STEINER, 940 Sphaeropsocidae, 653 S pogostylum, parasitic on Steingelia, male without com- Sphecidae, I25I; larvae, I2SI; Xylocopa, 1009; S. anale, pound eyes, 728 Smicromyrme rufipes, parasite parasitic of Cicindeline larvae, STEINHAUS, 628, 641, 692,776 of, I234 1009 STEINMANN, 527, 532 Sphecinae, I25I-2 Spondyliaspinae, produce a lerp STEKOLNIKOV, 1086, 1102, II59 Sphecius, I253 or protective cover, 715 Stelis, parasite of Chalicodoma, Sphecodes, parasites of Halictus Spongovostox, 578 Osmia and Anthidium, 1257 and Andrena, 1256 SPOONER, C. S., 6So, 776 STELLA, 614, 641 Sphecoidea, 1250; antennae SPOONER, J. D., 545, 560 Stenobracon, musculature, 1 193 usually with I2 segments in Sponge, fresh-water, Sisyra larva Stenocephalidae, 740 female, I3 in male, I I78; predacious on, 8o2 Stenocephalus, 740 Cretaceous fossils, I207; legs SPRADBERY, 1246, 1277 Stenogastrinae, I247, 1249 usually fossorial, I ISS; SPRAGUE,6S2,743,754,776 Stenomidae, I I I 4 stomach sometimes reduced, SPRINGHETTI, 624, 639 Stenoneuridae, 599 I I9I; parasitic Sphecoids, I253; spring-tails, see Collembola Stenopelmatidae, 5 44; eyes Argyramoeba, parasitic on, squama in Odonate prementum, reduced, 538; male mandibles IooS; some Eurytoma parasitic 497 sometimes tusk-like, 53S; some on, 1222; Myrmosa, parasitic squamae (Diptera), 962 oviposit in ground, 542 on, 1234; Strepsiptera, par• SRIVASTAVA, III7, II59 Stenopelmatus, 5 45 asitic on, 922 STACH, 469,475 Stenopelmus, 899 Sphecomyrma, primitive fossil Stachiella, 666 Stenoperla, 528; wings, 523 ant, 123S Stag beetles, see Lucanidae Stenopsocidae, 65 4 Sphenoptera, S67 Stagmomantis, 6oi; S. carolina, Stenoviciidae, affinities, 702 Sphex, habits, I252; narrow skeletal structure, 592 Stenus, eversible anal glands, S29; petiole, 1 1S7; wing-venation, STA.L, 730, 776 larval palpi, S36; predator on 1186, 1187; Conops parasitic STAMM, SS9, 919 Collembola, Sss-6 on, 1043; S. atratus, host of STAMMER, S29, 919, 1001, 1o6S Stephanidae, I2I2; distinguished Stizoides unicinctus, I253 Staphylinidae, Sss; abdomen, from Braconidae, 12 II; Sphida, terminal ganglia of larva, S25; defensive glands, 829; Stephanus serrator, 1213 1097 labial palpi, S19; ocelli, 818; Stephanitis pyri, on pear and Sphindidae, 879 prostheca, S18; hypermetamor• apple, 7 3I; S. rhododendri, on Sphingidae, I I 39; free abdominal phosis, 835; larval abdomen, Rhododendron, 7JI segments in pupa, 1 100; acous• 837; mimetic ofDorylinae, STEPHENSON, 1039, 106S tic receptors usually absent but 1242; termitophilous, 63o; sternal glands, of lsoptera, 613 sometimes in palp or pilifers, obtect pupae, S3S sternal spatula, see breast bone 1083; anatomy, 108S; mand• Staphylinoidea, S4S, 852; cam• STERNFELD,478,479,492 ibles, 1075; maxillary palpi, podeiform larva, 834; tarsal sternopleural sulcus, (Diptera), 1074; proboscis very long, segmentation variable, S22 961 1074; larval dorsal horn, 1092; Staphylinus, eversible anal sternopleuron, 961 larval silk-glands, 10()6--7; glands, S29 Sternorrhyncha, 7 I 3; antennae pupal mandibles and maxillae, STANNARD,788,792 usually with few segments, 1099 STARK, 547, 1500 6S2; number of spiracles var• Sphingoidea, I I39 Stathmopoda, II 13 iable, 691; often 3 ocelli, 6S2; Sphmx ligustri, larval ecdyses, 1094 Stathmopodidae, I I I3 pretarsus, 688; tarsi, 1-2 seg• S pi/omena, 12 51 STAUDINGER, 1072, 1073, I 120, ments, 6SS spinneret, of Lepidopterous lar• II43, II59 Sterrha virgularia, duration of vae, 1090, IOI)6 Stauropus fagi, II41; larval egg-stage, 1089 INDEX 1345

STEWART, T. B., 862, 910 pulvilli and arolium, 962; Anomma and Eciton but laying STEWART, W. A., 718, 755 many larvae aquatic, 970; eggs on cockroaches and flies, STEYSKAL,997, 1037,1038,1068 larval head not retracted into 1043 Sthenaropodidae, 425 thorax, 997; larva with one Stylopidae, 928 STICHEL, 730, 776, 777 large ganglion, 976; pupa Stylopids, see Strepsiptera STICKNEY,818,919 enclosed in a puparium, 977 Stylopoidea, 928 Stichotrema, hosts, 928; 979, 998, Monomachus, par• Stylops, British species, 923, 929; numerous genital pores, 925 asitic on, 1227 relations with Andrena, 926----;; Stichotrematidae, 928 Stratiomys, see Stratiomyia male puparium, 927; larval stick-insects, see Phasmida STRAUB,SOS,S07,5I9 development, 926----;; S. califor• Stictococcidae, 729 STRAUS8-DURCKHEIM, 830, 861 nica, triungulin, 926; S. shan• Stictococcus, 729 STREBEL, 475 noni, male, 923 stigmal vein in Chalcids, 1184 Strebla, 1037 STYS,680,730,733,736,738,740, Stigmatomma pallipes Streblidae, 1037 777 (Ponerinae), castes, 1239 STRENGER,484,492,537,569, Subcoccinella 24-punctata, 884 Stigmella, 1093 572, 574. s82 su bcoxal organs, in Japygidae, Stigmellidae, see Nepticulidae STRENZKE,454,459,468,478 446 Stigmodera, 867; S. interstitia/is, Strepsiptera, 922; external subimago, 476, 477 867 anatomy 923-4; internal sublingual gland, see ventral Stilbocoris, viviparous, 700 anatomy, 924-5; biology and pharyngeal gland Stilbopterygidae, Bog host relations, 925-8; young submarginal cells (in sting palps see third valvulae; larvae, 925-6; often attack Hymenopterous fore wing), sting, feature of most Aculeata, Andrena, 1256; free life of II84 1207; sting, structure, u88-9 male, 925; classification, 928-9; submarginal vein in Chalcids, Stingless bees see Meliponinae affinities, 426, 427, 922 II84 STITZ, 794, 814, 940, 1085, 1087, STRICKLAND, 953, 1o68 submarine insects, Aepophilus, IIS9. u6s, II74 Strictocimex, mesospermalege 736; Omaniidae, 736; Saldidae, Stizoides unicinctus, 1253 leads sperm into median 773 Stizus, 1253 oviduct, 699 subsocial Blattaria, 596 STOBBART,437,443 stridulatory organs; Subulipalpia, see Perloidea STOCKARD,566,570 Cerambycidae, 893; Subulitermes, formation of new STOcKHERT, 1255, 1277 Coleoptera, 825-7; Corixa, colonies, 62 5 STOJANOVICH, 672, 678 748; Heteroptera, 690; Succinea, Sepedon, a predator on, Stolotermes, 634; external Hydropsyche, larva, 1170; 1039 anatomy, 6o7 Nabidae, 733; Orthoptera, Suctoria, see Siphonaptera stomach (Hymenoptera), 1191 54o-41; Passalidae, 858; Sugar-beet leafhopper see Stomaphis, 717 Ranatra, 69o, 746; Circulifer tenellus Stomoxys, 1025; anatomy, 970; Tessaratoma, 742 Sugar-cane leaf hopper, see larval Malpighian tubules arise STRINGER, 566, 570 Perkinsiella separately from hind gut, 976; STROHM, 923, 931 Sugar-cane, Perkinsiella on, 705; proboscis, 958; Spalangia Strongylopththalmomyia, 1024 Phenacantha on, 738; Tomaspis, muscidarum parasitic on, 122 3; Strophandria, 1201 707 S. calcitrans, 1027 STROYAN,718,722,764,777 SULC, 437, 443, 708, 777 STONE,978,987, 1068 STROBING, 698, 777 Sulphur butterfly, see Gonepteryx Stone flies, see Plecoptera STRUMPEL, 712,777 SUOMALAINEN, 900,919 STORCH,593,6o4 STUART,481,492,613,624,641 superlinguae, in Coleopterous STOUGH, 714,777 STUCKENBERG, 1043, 1068 larvae, 836; in Lepidopterous STOWE, 66o, 668 STURM,439,443,455,46o larvae, 1090 STRASSEN,ZUR,792 Sturmia, eggs swallowed by host, supplementary reproductives, in Stratiomyia, larva with 9 pairs 1032; larval connection with lsoptera, 6o6, 615, 616 spiracles, 1oo2; larva with host spiracle, 1033; S. sericariae, supracerebral glands, see lateral tubular tail, 1003; Cha/cis, life of larva in host, 1033 pharyngeal glands parasite of eggs, 1222; S. STURTEVANT, 1022, 1068 'surra' transmitted by Tabanus, potamida, 1002 STYER,770 1000 Stratiomyidae, 1002; nervous style (Dipterous antenna), 954 SUTTON, 747, 777 system, 967; less concentrated stylet, in Siphonaptera, 946 SUZUKI, 823, 919 in adult than in larva, 967; Stylogaster, associating with SWAINE, 903, 1097, II 59 INDEX

Swallow-tails, see Papilionidae Synopeas rhanis, 1228 Tachinidae, I oJI; larvae parasitic SWANTON, 995 Syntelia, 851; S. indica, 852 970; type of vi vi parity, 969 swarming, in Apis, u61; in Synteliidae, 8sI Tachiniscidae, i04S lsoptera, 624-5; in Vespidae, Syntermes, 630 Tachycines, 545 1176 Syntexidae, I 203 Taeniopterygidae, s29; drum- SWART, 1066 Synthemidae, S I 4 ming lobe, 524; in the Permian SWATSCHEK, 1115, 1120, 1159 Synthemis, nymph, 504 527 SWEET, 702, 738, 777 Syntomaspis druparum, 1222 Taeniopteryx, s29; male accessory SWEETMAN, 439, 443 Syntomidae, see Ctenuchidae gland, 525 Sweet potato weevil, see Cy/as Syntomis phegea, 1142 Taeniorhynchus, 985 formicarius Syntomium, 856 Taeniothrips atratus, 789; T. SWENSON, 723, 777 Syringogastridae, 1038 ericae, 789; T. inconsequens, SWIRSKI, 722, 750 Syritta, larva saprophagous, stages of, 784; thelytokous, SWIHART, 1083, 1159 1017; shape of larva, 1019 male rare, 783; on fruit-trees, SWYNNERTON, 1033, 1068 Syrphidae, IOI7; nervous system, 789; T. simplex, arrhenotokous Sycosoter /avagnei, 1212 967; less concentrated in adult parthenogenesis, sex ratios symbiosis between ants, 1243 than larva, 967; larvae, 978; unequal, 783, on Gladiolus, Symmerus, larva with 9 pairs of larvae usually predacious, 970; 789; T. vulgatissimus, 789 spiracles, 994 adults, ingesting pollen, 958; TAl, 639 SYMMONS, 66o, 668 Aspicera, a parasite of, 1217 TALBOT, 566, 571, 1073, 1159 Sympecma, 512 Syrphoidea, 1016 Talpa, Hystrichopsylla on, Sympetrum, SIS; external Syrphus, larva, shape of, 1018; 948 anatomy, 496; oviposition, 503; feed on aphids and Tamalia, 719 pronymph, 503 Homopterous nymphs, 1017; TAMMANINI, 778 symphiles, with Formicidae, S. m"tens, see Metasyrphus; S. TAN, 1038, 1068 1243; with Isoptera, 630 ribesii, section of larval TANAKA,688, 778 Symphiogastra, 847; pharynx, 974; S. tricinctus, see Tanaostigmatidae, I224 symphiogastrous abdomen, Dasysyrphus TANNER, 825, 919 825,826 Systellognatha, SJO TANNERT, 498, 519 Symphoromyia, 998 Systoechus, 1009 Tanyderidae, 98I; wing-venation, Symphrasis, 8o2 Systropha, 1256 962 Symphyla, resemblance to Systropus, 1009 Tanypeza, 1024 Diplura, 450 Tanypezidae, 1024 Symphylurinus, 426, 4SO Tabanidae, woo; blood-sucking Tanypezoidea, I024 Symphypleona, 47 I; anterior flies, 951; female accessory Tanypus, 991 abdominal segments fused, glands large, 967; male with Tanytarsus, 991 464; without or with atypical mandibles, 956; nervous Tascinia, 1119 postantennal organ, 464 system, 967; pulvilli and Tasmanoperla, 528 Symphyta, 1200, I20I; attach• arolium, 962; salivary glands, TASSELL, 824, 919 ment of abdomen, 1182, 1187; 966; spermathecae 3, 967; eggs, TATE,974,978,980,99I, 1044, mouthparts, 1179; phyto• 1001; larvae, 1001; many 1057. 1068 phagous, 1177; serrations of aquatic, 970; with pseudopods, TAUBER, 0. E., 598, 603 valvulae, 1188; testes separate, 974; with 1 thoracic and 5 TAUBER, C. A. and M. J., 814 1194; larvae, 1195-6 abdominal ganglia, 976 TAYLOR, K. L., 1213, 1277 Synanthedon salmachus (Sesia Tabanoidea, 998 TAYLOR,L.H.,685,778 tipulijormis) the Currant Tabanus, Iooo-oi; antenna, 954; TAYLOR, R. L., 476, 492 borer, 1111 food-reservoir dorsal, 965-6; TAYLOR, T. H., 989, 1041, 1062, Synaphe angustalis, 1122 proventriculus, 965; 6 rectal 1068 Synchloe, Orange tip, 1129 papillae, 966; vesicula semin• TAYLOR, T. H. C., 553, 557 Synchroa, 886 alis, 969; troublesome to horses Tea (Camellia sinensis), Neotermes synechthrans, with Formicidae, and cattle, 1000; prey of harmful to, 631; He/ope/tis a 1242; with Isoptera, 630 Bembix, 1253; larva, 1)98, 1000; pest of, 735 Synemon, cubital retinaculum, larval Malpighian tubules arise Tectocoris diophthalmus, 741 1082; larval habits, 1119 separately from hind gut, 976; Tegeticula, maxillae, 1075; T. Synergus, 1216 T. maculicornis, 1000; T. yuccasella, II 07 synoeketes, with Formicidae, striatus transmits 'surra' to tegulae, in Fulgoroidea, 686; in 1242; with Isoptera, 630 horses, 1ooo Lepidoptera, 1076 INDEX 1347

tegumen, in male Lepidoptera, Teratomyzidae, 1024 TESKEY, IOOI, Io68 I083 terebra, 1188 Tessaratoma papi/losa; dorsal TEICHERT, 86o, 9I9 Terebrantia, see (a) stridulatory organ, 6go; injur• Teichomyza fuse a, I023 Thysanoptera; (b) ious to fruit-trees, 742 TEISSIER, 57I Hymenoptera parasitica Tessaratomidae, 741 Telamona, castration, parasitic, Terebrantia (Thysanoptera), 788; Tessaratominae, 742 711 eggs in tissues of food-plants, Tetanocera, I039 Telea, thoracic nerves, Io8s; T. 787; left mandible a stylet, Tethinidae, 1041 polyphemus, silk glands, I095 right one dilated, 783-4; TETLEY, IOOO, I068 teleaform larva, I I97 metathorax very small, 787; Tethinidae, 104 I Teleas, primary larva teleaform, segment IO small, ovipositor Tetrabrachinae, 8152 I 197, 1199; final instar mag• serrated, 786 Tetragoneuria, 503 got -like, I I 98 tergal glands, producing sex- Tetramesa, 1222; T. grandis Telegeusidae, 873 pheromones in Blattaria, 594 winged in summer, form min• Telenomus, I227 Termitadelphos, 982 utum apterous in spring, 1222; Teleonemia scrupulosa, 73 I Termitaphididae, 737 parthenogenetic, 1 I 78; T. Telephorus, see Cantharis Termitaphis, termitophilous, 630 orchidearum makes galls on Telmatophilus, 88o termitaria, 63 I, 632 Cattleya, I222 Temnochila, 877 Termes, soldiers with a frontal Tetramorium caespitum, 1244 Tenebrio, abdominal ganglia, 830; tubercle, 6J2, 635 Tetranychus telarius; Geocoris a T. molitor, T. obscurus, life• termites, see Isoptera predator on, 737 history, 886; T. obscurus pupa, Termitidae, 635; bacteria in gut, Tetrastichinae, I 224 larva, 886 628; cerci of I-2 segments, Tetrastichus asparagi, I224 Tenebrionidae, 885; labial glands, 611; frontal secretion Tetratomidae, 888 829; larval mouthparts, 836; sometimes adhesive, 6I3; phy• Tetrigidae, 549, 553 stridulatory organs, 826; ter• sogastric queens, 6I7, 627; age Tetrtx unaulata, 553 mitophilous species, 630; lar• of colonies, 626; caste deter• Tetrodontophora, 470 vae, prey ofBethylidae, I23I mination not understood, 624; Tetropium gabrieli, 894 Tenebroides mauritanicus, the egg-production, 626; food of Tettigarcta, 711 Cadelle, 876; adult, larva, 877 reproductives, 628; foraging Tettigarctidae, 7 I 1; possible affi• Tent-caterpillars; see outside nest, 629 nities, 702 Malacosoma americana Termitinae; soldiers all female, Tettigidae, see Tetrigidae Tenthredinidae, 1205; abdominal 619 Tettigometridae, 704; eggs laid in segments, number exposed, Termitobia, 630 soil, 70I; egg with plastron, 70I I 1 87; Malpighian tubules 2o- Termitodipteron, 902 Tettigonia, 547 25, I 191; Carcinocoris preys on Termitogeton, 634 Tettigoniidae, 545, 546; auditory larvae, 732; Eumenidae prey Termitomastus; apterous, with organs, 54 I, 546; eggs often on larvae, I 24 7; Isoptera, 982; larva, 962; ter• laid in plant-tissues, 542; Ichneumonidae parasitize lar• mitophilous, 630 sometimes only 2 ocelli, 538; vae, 1209 Termitomimus, 630, 856 ovipositor, 77, 78, 539; Tenthredinoidea, 1205; cocoon Termitomyia, 630 Prophalangopsis perhaps ance• parchment-like, I2oo; male Termitomyces (fungi), food of stral to, 544; wings, modifica• genitalia inverted, I20I; ven• Nasutitermitinae, 629 tion for stridulation, 539-4I; tral nerve-cord, I I93 termitophiles, 630 parasitized by Tenthredo, mouthparts, 1179; Termitoxenia; hermaphrodite, Stichotrematidae, 928 thorax, 1183 adult dimorphic; metamor• Tettigonioidea, 5 45; gastric caeca, tentorium, in Diptera, 959; in phoses, IOIS; only 2 ovarioles, 54 I; Malpighian tubules enter Isoptera, 6o7; imperforate in 967; termitophilous, 630 duct through an ampulla, 54I; Phasmida, 563 Termopsidae, 634; sometimes derived from Oedischiidae, TEODORI, 686, 778 included in Hodotermitidae, 544; ovipositor, 539, 77, 78 Tephritidae, 1044-5; larvae phy- 634; pseudergates, 62o; sternal Thais, I 130 tophagous, 970; larvae, 978 gland, 613; no true workers, Thalessa, 1210 Tephritis, I045 617 Thamastes, 1164 Tephrochlamys, I024 territorial behaviour in Odonata, Thanasimus dubius, 877 Teragriidae, see Metarbelidae 495; in Pseudocreobotra, 597 Thaumaglossa, 873 TERAGUCHI, 763 Tersilochus, adult, 1209; larval Thaumalea, larval pseudopods, Teratembiidae, 590 instars, I2IO 974; T. testacea, 989 INDEX

Thaumaleidae, 989 THORNTON,647,650,655,656 species, 630; affinities, 439; Thaumastella aradoides, 742 THORPE,69I,745,746,]78, 1000, status, 42I, 422, 423; classifica• Thaumastellidae, 7 42 I020, I023, ·I069, 1197, I2IO, tion, 440; literature, 44I-3 Thaumastocoridae, 738 I277 Thysanura s.s. = Lepismatoi- Thaumastotheriidae, see Thripidae, 788 dea, 439 Thaumastocoridae Thripoidea, 788 Thysanus, I224 Thaumatomyia, I042 thrips, see Thysanoptera Tibicinidae, see Cicadidae Thaumatopoea processionea, larval Thrips jlavus, 789; T. juscipennis, TICHOMIROV, Io88 habits, I I46; T. pinivora, larval 789; T. major, 789; T. tabaci, TIEGS, 440, 453 habits, I I46 on onions, transmits spotted TIEMANN, 87I, 920 Thaumatopoeidae, I I 46 wilt virus, 782, 789 Tiger moths, see Arctiidae Thaumatoxenia, IOI5 Thrixion, eggs laid on TILLYARD,425,426,430,469, theca (Cyclorrhapha), 958 Orthopteroids, I032; larva not 475,479.492,496,498,499. Thelaxidae, 7 I 7 killing host, 1033; secondary 503, 507, 509, 5I9, 523, 527, Thelia, castration, parasitic, 7 I I sheath oflarva, 1033 532, 593,604,609,64I,649, THEOBALD,]22,778 THROCKMORTON, I022, 1069 65I, 652,656, 687,778, Boo, THEODOR, I036, I037, I068 Throscidae, see Trixagidae 8o6,8o],8I4,933.934,940, THEOWALD, 980, 1068 Thrypticus, IOI2 962, I030, 1069, 1075, I077, Theraphosidae, prey of Pepsis THUT, I I]O, II74 1079, 108I, II04, II3I, II59, formosa, I246 Thyatira batis, 1132 n6o Theraptus, 739 Thyatiridae, 1132 TIMBERLAKE, I2IO, I277 Thermobia domestica, 409, 44I; Thylodrias, 873 Timema, 425,568; gonangulum not number of moults, 439 Thymalus, 877 fused with first valvifer, 564; Thereva; adult, I003; larvae, Thymaridae, see perhaps a primitive phasmid, I004, 1004 Himantopteridae 568; only 3 tarsal segments, Therevidae, 1003; nervous Thymelicus, I079 564; testes, 565 system, 967; larva with appar• Thynninae, I233; female TIMMERMAN, 659, 668, 669 ently more than I2 segments, apterous, I I85; sexual dimor• Tinaea, see Tinea 97 I; larva with I I postcephalic phism great, I232 TINBERGEN, I254, I278 ganglia, 976; posterior larval Thyreocoridae, see Cydnidae TINDALE,549,554, 560,592,603, spiracles on ante-penultimate Thyreophoridae, I044 1106, III9, Il6o segment, 975 Thyreopterinae, 844 Tinea, 1 Io8; abdominal ganglia, Theria muscaria, viviparity, 968; Thyrididae, I I 20; perhaps ance- 4th and 5th fused, 1085; larva parasite of snails, I030 stral stock of Papilionoidea, Malpighian tubules 2, I085; THERON,]02,725,778 Il25 male pupa, 1099; mandibles, Thersilochus, see Tersi/ochus Thyridopteryx, degenerate female 1075; T. pel/ionella, 1 108; T. THERY,86],920 pupa, I I09; T. ephemerae• vastella, 1188; Scenopinus, larva THIBAUD,467,468,475 formis, all stages, I 109 predator, 1004 THIENEMANN, 978, I069, II]I, thyridium, in Trichoptera, I I63, Tineidae, Ioo8; maxillary palpi 1174 1164 folded, I074; termitophilous THIEL, 827,920 Thyris, 1120 species, 630 THOMAS, I., I040, I069 Thyrsophoridae, 654 Tineoidea, I 107, I w8; crop, THOMAS, J., 440 Thysanidae, I224 I084; Microlepidoptera, 1101; THOMAS, J. G., 538, 56o Thysanoptera, 782; anatomy, ex• retinaculum varies, 1081; lar• THOMAS, M. B., I079, 1159 ternal, 783-{i; arolium a pro• vae often leaf-miners, 1093 THOMSEN, L. C., 978, 990, 1056 trusible vesicle, 786; anatomy, Tineodidae, I I2I THOMSEN,M.,976, I069, I225, I277 internal, 786--7; life-history Tineola, mandibles, I075; T. I277 and metamorphoses, 787; sex• bisselliella, clothes moth, no8; THOMPSON, C. B., 612, 641, I I93, determination, 783; affinities, Malpighian tubules 2, 1085 I277 426, 787-8; fossils, 787-8; Tingidae, 73I; fore wing THOMPSON, W. R., IOI6, I029, classification, 788-9; literature, sometimes with sclerotized and 1032, 1057, 1068, 1177, 1230, 789-92; Chrysopa, preys on, membranous parts little differ• I2]I, 1277 8o7; Spilomena, preys on, I25I entiated, 686 thoracic (Gilson's) glands, in Thysanura, 433; anatomy, exter• Tingoidea, 73I Trichoptera, n68, 1169 nal, 433-{i; anatomy, internal, Tiphia, biology, I233; may lay Thorictidae, 874 436-9; biology and develop• more than one egg per host, Thorictodes, 874 ment, 439; termitophilous I232; T. transversa, female, 1233 INDEX 1349

Tiphiidae, I2J2 Tortrix viridana, ll I9 fusiform, 662; T. canis, on dog, Tipula; abdomen, 964; numbers of Torymidae, I22I; some species 66o abdominal segments, 964; phytophagous, I 2 I 7 Trichodectidae, 646; stock of, absence of lacinia, 955; short Torymus; hosts, I 222; T. ancestral to Siphunculata, egg-diapause, 970; larval propinquus, larva with fewer 676; on mammals, 66o; with habits, 980; larval brain in head spiracles in early instars, I 2 I 8 single claws, 662 and prothorax, 977 TOTH,466,475 Trichodes, 877 Tipulidae, 979; postnotum of TOWER, D. G., 683, 778 Trichogramma, 1225; attachment mesothorax, 959; species in TOWER, W. L., 895, 920 of gaster, I20I; T. minutum, cold climates often short TOWNES, I2IO, I274, I278 use in biological control, 1225; winged,979;thorax,959; TOWNSEND, 981, I069 rapid development in eggs of larvae, 978; not eucephalous, Toxoptera graminum, Aphidius Aletia xylina, 12I8, 1225; T. 971-2; but hemicephalous, testaceipes, parasite of, I2 I2 pretiosa = T. minutum; T. semb• 979; metameric epidermal Toxorhynchites, eggs, 984 lidis, in eggs of Sialis, I225 glands, 976; lung-like structure Toxotrypana, I044 Tnchogrammatidae, I225 in some larvae, 97 s; rectal Trachymyrmex septentrionalis T richolepidion, 440 retractile processes, 976; (Attini), nest, 1240 Trichomyia, 982 sometimes a pupal spiracular TRAGARDH, 856, 9o3, 920, IOIS, Trichophaga tapetzella, clothes gill, 977 I023, I069 moth, II08 Tipuloidea, 979 Trama, 7I7 Trichophilopteridae, 666 Tiresias, 873 transfrontal sulcus, of Trichopsocidae, 654 Tischeriidae, I I 07 Lepidopterous adults, I073 Trichoptera, u62; affinities, 427; TISCHLER, 738, 742, 778 transverse sulcus, in mesothorax anatomy, external, II63-5; Titanolabis, 578 of Diptera, 959 anatomy, internal, II65; Titanoptera, 424, 425; doubtful TRAVER,477,478,486,489,492 biology and metamorphoses, affinities to Phasmida, 568 TREAT, I082, I083, II 58 II 66; adults, feeding, II 62; Titanus giganteus, 892 Trechinae, 832 pupa, II69, u7o; classifica• TJEDER, BO, 793, 794, 798, 802, TREHAN, 7I5, 778 tion, II7I-2; literature, Il72- 8os, 8o7, 814 TREHERNE, 786, 790 4; Agriotypus, parasitic on, I210 TJcpNNELAND, 480, 484, 492 TRELKA, I039, I069 Trichoptilus, Sl e Buckleria Toad-bugs, see Gelastocoridae Trematodes, ephemerid nymphs Trichura, II42 TODD, 745, 778 hosts of, 484 Tricondyla, 843 TOKUNAGA,983, 1069 TREMEWAN, III9, II48 Tricorythridae, 487 Tomaspis, 707 Tremex, I203; larva with meta• Tricorythrus, nymph adaptations tomato; Diataraxia oleracea, a thoracic spiracles, I20I; to life in sand, 482; thoracic and pest of, I 145; Trialeurodes, a Thalessa, parasite of, 12 I o abdominal ganglia, 485 pest of, 715 trench fever, transmission of, 672 trichosors, So I, 804 Tomoceridae, 47 I Trialeurodes vaporariorum, 7I5, Trictenotomidae, 888 Tomocerus, 47 I; retinaculum, 463; 716 Tridactylidae, 554 with scales, 461 triangular plate, see first valvifer Tridactyloidea, 554; precoxal Tomoxia, 888 Triassoaphis, 702 bridge, 539 TONAPI, 1193, 1278 Triassomachilis, 423 Tridactylophagus, 928 TONGIORGI, 454, 459 Triatoma, venation and trachea• trigamma, in venation of TONNER, 508, 519 tion, 687; T. rubrofasciata, 732 Lepidopterous wing, Io8o TONNOIR, 982,987, 1066, I069 Triatominae, blood-suckers, 732 TRIGGERSON, 12I5, I278 tool-users, in Ammophila, I252 Tribolium cotifusum, 886; T. Trigona, adult with no contact TORGERSON,439,443 ferrugineum, adult, 886 with larva, I I76; T. lutea, tormae, see clypeus (Diptera) Tricentrus, digestive system, 694 worker, 1261 TORRE-BUEN0,68o,690,730,737, Trichacis (Platygasteridae), larva, Trigonalidae, I208 746,778 H99; T. remulus, 1228 Trigonaloidea, I207 Torridincolidae, 840 Trichadenotecnum, 654 Trigonalys maculatus, 1208 Tortoise beetle, see Cassidinae Trichobius, I037 Trigonidium, 547; 0/ixon, parasite Tortoiseshell, see Nympha/is trichobothria, in N europtera, 794; of, 1245 Tortricidae, I I I9; anatomy, Io88; in Pentatomomorpha, 689 Trigonopsis, 1253 larva leaf-rollers, I093 Trichocera, lacinia, 955 trilobite larva, see Duliticola Tortricoidea, II I9; Trichoceridae, ()8o; larvae, 978 Trimenopon, 5 pairs abdominal Microlepidoptera, HOI Trichodectes, 666; crop large, spiracles, 663 1350 INDEX

Trimenoponidae, 665 Trypodendron, 903 ULRICH, 924, 93I Trimerina, I023 Trypoxylon, I25I Ulula, 809 Trinervitermes, 635; cellulase in Trypoxylinae, larva, I25I; habits, uncus, in male Lepidoptera, 1083 mid gut, 628; formation of new I25I Uniramia, 423 colonies, 62 5; workers often Tscholmanvisiidae, 425; perhaps UNZICKER, 1165, Il74 dimorphic, 618; T. trinert•ius, ancestor of Phasmida, 568 Urania, I 133 foraging, 629 TSHERNOVA,485,486,493 Uraniidae, TIJJ Trinotaperla, 528 TSING-cHAO, 73I, 778 Urocerus, Rhyssa persuasoria; par• Trioza, spiracles, 691; venation, TSUI, 478, 493 asitic on, I2IO; U. gigas, 1203 7I4 Tubero/achnus, 7T7 Urodon, see Bruche/a Triplosoba pulchella, earliest fossil Tubulifera, 789; eggs laid exter• urogomphi, in Coleopterous lar• mayfly, 485 nally, 787; often long, vae, 837 Trisecus, 739 sometimes convoluted mand• Urolabidae, see Urostylidae triungulin stage, first stage larva, ible, articulated with palp• Urophora, I045; U. jaceana, life- 926; in Meloidae, 890 bearing plate, 784; segment IO history, 104 5 Trixagidae, 870 long, tubular, no ovipositor, 786 Urostylidae, 74r Trixagus, 8I8 Tullbergia, 470; T. krausbaueri, Urothrips, 789 Trixoscelidae, ro4o soil preference, 468 URQUHART, 554,560 trochantellus, 1185 TULLGREN, 1073, II57 urticating hairs, in Lepidopterous Trochilidae, Mallophaga on, 665 TULLOCH, G. S., I I83, 1278 larvae, 1093-4, I I45 Trochilocoetes, on Trochilidae, TULLOCH, P. H. G., 970, 1069 URVOY, 593, 604 665; hypopharynx trifid, 661 Tumbu fly, see Cordylobia USINGER, 732, 733, 134, 737, 743, Troctomorpha, 653 TUMLINSON, 1241, I278 744.745.747.753.758,778, Troctopsocidae, 653 Tungidae, 948 779 Trogidae, 86o Tunga penetrans, 948; beneath Utetheisa pulchella, I 143 Trogiidae, 6s2 human skin, 943 UTIDA, 894, 920 Trogiomorpha, 6sz TURK,469,475 UVAROV,54I,55I,553, 560,568, T rogium pulsatorium, 652 TURNER, A.)., 1080, u6o 571 Troglophi/us, cavernicolous, 545; TURNER, F. W., 722,749 UZEL,786,788,792 male attracts female, 542; male Turnip flea beetle, see Phyllotreta Uzelothripidae, 789 glands on dorsum of abdomen, nemorum Uzelothrips scabrosus, 789 542 TUTHILL, 714,778 Uzucha, 11 I4 Trogossitidae, 876 TUTT, I073, I089, I093, I094, trophallaxis, 1176; in ants, 1176, I097. 1102, Il40, 1160 VAG0,775 1241; in wasps, 1176, I247-8 TUXEN,423,430,454,458,459, VALLEY, I045, 1070 trophamnion, see trophic mem• 46o, 1083, I I60, I I64 valves, (of male Lepidoptera); see brane tympan, in Psocoptera, 649 claspers trophic membrane (in tympanal organs, in Axiidae, valvifer, first (Hymenoptera), Hymenopterous larvae), 1198, I134; in Cicadoidea, 709; in 1188 1199 Lepidoptera, 1077, I082 valvifer, second (Hymenoptera), trophothylax, I24I Typhlocyba, anterior and poster• 1188 Tropidia, larva, IOI7, IOI9 ior parts of mid gut in contact, valvula, third (Hymenoptera), Tropiduchidae, 706; egg with 693; overwinters as egg, 7 I 3 1188 plastron, 70 I Typhlocybinae, mycetomes valvula, second (Hymenoptera), Trox, 86o sometimes absent, 700; 1188 TRUCKENBRODT,6I4,6I7,641 Aphelopus, parasite of, I230 valvula, first (Hymenoptera), Truxalinae, British species, 55 I; typhoid, Musca a vector of, I026 1188 stridulation, 550 typhus, see Rickettsia prowazeki; VANDER VECHT, 1200, 1278 trypanosomiasis, see Chagas' typhus, murine, 672 Vanduzea arquata, 711 disease; Trypanosoma cruzi, see VAN DUZEE, 703, 730, 779 Schizotrypanum; T. lewisii, UBRICH, I009, IOIO, I069, I079 Vanhorniidae, 1227 transmission by Polyp/ax, 672; UCHIDA, 469,475 VANZOLINI, 678 see also nagana and sleeping Udamoselis, 716 Varichaeta, (Tachinidae), sickness UEN0,528,532 Perilampus hyalinus; parasite Trypeta tussilaginis (Tephritidae), Ulidiidae, ro45 of, I222 wing, 1044 ULMER, II63, II68, II7I, II74 VARRICCHIO, 545, 560 Trypetidae, see Tephritidae U/omyia, 982 VARLEY, 1023, 1070 INDEX 1351 vasiform orifice, in Aleyrodidae, segments in male, I2 in female, Vo/ucella, air-sacs, 969; anatomy, 7I5 11 78; poison sac musculated, 970; larva, shape of, IOI9; larva VASVARY, 7I I, 779 I I89; modification by in nests Hymenoptera aculeata, VAYSSIERE, 48I, 483, 484, 493 Strepsiptera, 927, 922 IOI7; pupa, IOI9; V. bomby• VAZARAINEN, 700 Vespula, 1248-9; anatomy, I I78; /ans, larva in nests Bombus, Velia, 743 brain, 1193; mouthparts, u8o, IOI7; V. inanis, V. pellucens, V. V eliidae, 7 43, legs adapted for n8I; musculature, 1193; oeso• zonaria, in nests of Vespinae, skating on water, 456, 689 phagus short, 119I; stomach IOI7, I249 Velocipeda, 733 looped, I I9I; testes con• vomer, in male Phasmida, 565 Velocipedidae, 733; cuneus, 686; tiguous, I I94; vasa deferentia VORBRODT, I073, II6o bursa copulatrix, 698 voluminous, I I94; vesicula Voria, I032 vena dividens, in Isoptera, 009 seminalis, I I94; worker with 5 VOY,542,560,566,57I, 595,004 vena spuria, in Syrphid wing, abdominal ganglia, queen and IOI7 male with 6, I I93-4; mimicry WACHMANN, 923, 93I, 944,950 ventral groove, of Collembola, of, by Clytus, 892; parasites WADE,702,704,707,709,769, 464,464 803; Metoecus, a parasite of, 779 ventral tube, in Collembola, 464- 889; V. austriaca, a social WADSWORTH,856, 92o, I045, I070 5 parasite, I 248; V. germanic a, WAGNER, E., 69o, 730, 735, 779 ventriculus (Diptera), 966; also nest, I248; V. (Do/ichovespula) WAGNER, H., I073, 1100 see stomach norwegica, nest, I248 WAGNER, W., 705, 711, 779 Venturia canescens, cues for prob• VEVAI, I2I2, I278 WAHL, IOI9, I070 ing with ovipositor, I097; VIALLANES, I I93, I278 WAHLBERG, 994 ovipositor, 1188 VIGGIANI, I225, 1267 WAHLGREN, I073, II57 VERHOEFF, C., IOO!l, I070, 1242 Vianaida, see Anommatocoris WAILLY, I098, 1100 VERHOEFF, K. W., 573, 582, 879, Vianaididae, 731 WAINWRIGHT, I032, I070 920 vibrissa, 952-3 WALKER, E. M., 5IO, 5I9, 533, 534, VERHOEFF, P. M. F., I25I, I278 vibrissa) ridges, see facialia 535. 536 vermiform larvae, in Orthoptera, VICHET, 566, 569 WALKER, T. J., 547, 500 543 VIEDMA, 888, 920 WALL, 595, 604 VERITY, 1073, I IOO VIETTE, 1083, 1160 WALLACE, J. B., I037, I070 Vermileo, 999 VIGANO, 1167, II73 WALLACE, M. M. H., 468,475 VERRALL,977,978,997,999, VILLIERS, 733, 779, 88I, 920 WALLBANK,829,9I6 IOOI, I003, I006, I007, IOI6, VINAL, 542, 500 WALOFF,542,543, 55I,559, 500, IOI9, I070 vinculum, in male Lepidoptera, 705, 7 I3, 780 VERRIER, 477,478,493 1083 WALTER, I074, 1075, 1101, 1105, verrucae, in Lepidopterous lar- vine Phylloxera, see Viteus 1160 vae, I092 virus, plant, transmission by WALTON, 747, 780 verruga, transmission of, 98 I Homoptera, 679, 723; virus, WANDOLLECK, 1042, I070 VERSON, Io86, I088 spotted wilt, transmitted by Wandol/eckia, lives in snails, vesicles, abdominal, in Diplura, Thysanoptera, 783 hermaphrodite, dimorphic, 446; possible function, 446; VISHNIAKOVA, 652, 657 1015 protrusible, of Thysanoptera, VIri:, 877, 920 WANYONYI, 624,641 785--6; in Thysanura, 435 Viteus vitifolli, 723; female Warble flies, see Hypoderma; vesiculate larva, I I98 reproductive organs, 699; var• Warble fly, Human, see Vespa, mandibular gland, I I92; iation in number of ovarioles, Dermatobia parthenogenesis, I I77; Conops 698 WARNE, 557 and Myopa parasitic on, I043; viviparity, in Aphididae, 7I8--I9; warning colours, in V. crabro, I248; nest, 1248; V. in Blattaria, 597; in Diptera, Lepidopterous larvae, I094 ducalis, I 248; V. orienta/is, 968--9, I032; in Hemimerus, WASMANN, 630, 641,843,920, significance of trophallaxis, 575, 579; in Hemiptera, 700; in 1015, I070, 1241, I243, I244, 1247-8 Orina, 895; in Phytodecta, 895; 1278 Vespidae, 1247; in Staphylinidae, 850 Wasps, see Hymenoptera, Malpighian tubules, 119I; VOCKEROTH, IOI9, I070 Sphecoidea, Vespoidea, types of colony, I I 76; social, VOGEL, B., 87I, 920 Pompiloidea Trigonalids parasitic on, 1208 VOGEL, R., I077, 1100 WASSERTHAL, I092, 1100 Vespinae, 1247 VOGLER, I023, I070 WATERHOUSE, 696,758,759,780, Vespoidea, 1246; I 3 antenna) volsella, 1189 1073, I I49 1352 INDEX

WATERS, 484, 493 Weta, see Deinacrida; Weta, WILLIAMS, D.]., 727,728, 7SO, Water Scorpion, see Nepidae Cave, see Rhaphidophoridae 781 WATERSTON, 428 WEYER, 614, 6IS, 616, 621, 62S, WILLIAMS, F. X., S04, SI9, 872,920, WATSON, J. A., 723, 780 626,642,671,678 921,978,994,1040,1070, WATSON, J. A. L., 437, 443, S02, WEYRAUCH, S76, S82, 1249, 1278, 1071, 1207, 1231, 1246, 1247, SI9, 620,642 1279 12S3, 1279 WATSON, J. R., 788, 792 WHALLEY, I 120, I 161 WILLIAMS, I. W., 819, 921, 98I, WATT, 886, 920 Wheat Bulb fly, see Hylemyia 1071 Waves, see Geometridae coarct ata WILLIAMS, J. L., 831, 832, 921, wax, in Apis, 1262 Wheat midges ( Contarinia tritici, 1086, I 161 Wax glands, production in Sitodiph/osis mosellana), 971 WILLIAMS, J. R., 70S, 781 Aphididae, 718; production in Wheat-stem borer, see Cephus WILLIAMS, R. M. C., 624, 642 Coccidae, 726; secretion in pygmaeus WILLIAMS, T. R., 989, 1071 Fulgoridae, 706; in WHEDON, SOO, SI9 WILLIAMSON, 877,920 Homoptera, 696-7; secretion in Wheel bug, see Arilus WILLIS, D. M., 693, 781 Phromnia, 706 WHEELER, G. C. and J., 123S, 1238, WILLIS, E. R., S96, S97, 60S Wax moth, see Galleria mellonella 1279 WILLSON, 468,478 WAY,7S6, 1239,1241,1278 WHEELER, M. R., 1022, 1049 WILSON, E. 0., 6o6, 630, 642, WEAVER, 780 WHEELER, W. M., 809, 812, 814, I 177, 1234, 1238, 1244, 1279 WEBB,663,669,670,672,67S, 88o, 920, 927, 931, 994, 999, WILSON, F. H., 662, 669 676,678 1010, 1070, 1176, 1177, 1190, WILSON, H. F., 421, 431 WEBER, H., 421, 431, 647, 648, 1207, 1223, 123s, 1239, 1244, wing-coupling in Lepidoptera, 6so, 6s1, 6s7, 661, 664, 666, I2S8, 1279 1081; in Mecoptera, 934; in 669,67S,678,68o,682,684, Whirligig beetles, see Gyrinidae Trichoptera, 1164 6Ss, 691, 693,714, 71s, 717, WHITCOMB, 723, 780 wing-dimorphism, in Coleoptera, 780, 1076, I I6o WHITE,S44,S49,S60,S77,S82 823, in Dinocras, S23; in WEBER, H. H., 680, 73S, 779 White ants, see lsoptera Embioptera, s83; in WEBER, N. A., 1241, 1278 White borer of coffee, see Zeuzera Merothrips, 789; in Orthoptera, WEBSTER, 1041, 1070, 1212, 1278 coffeae S39; in Peloridium, 703, in WEELE, van der, 809, 814 White flies, see Aleyrodidae Psocoptera, 646, 6s4; in WEESNER,6o6,6:zi,623,624,639, WHITEHEAD, S45, 561 Thysanoptera, 786 642 WHITFIELD, 1007, 1070 wing-reduction, in Blattaria, S92 Weevil, see Curculionoidae Whites, see Pieridae wing-torsion, in Orthoptera, S43 WEFELSCHIED, 749, 780 WHITTON, 974,987, I070, 1071 WINGFIELD, 481,493 WEGNER, S6S, S7I WHITTAKER, 708, 780 wings, supposed in fleas, 941 WEIDNER, 6o6, 634, 642, 643, 64s, WHYATT, 996, 1071 wing-venation, in Coleoptera, 647,6S7,949.9SO WICHARD,464,472,484,493, 823; Adephagid type, 823, WEINLAND, 963, 1070 1167, 1168, 1174 824; Cantharid type, 824; WEINREICH, 8 s6, 920 WICK, 69o, 700, 7SO, 780 Staphylinid type, 824 WEISE, 896 WICKLER, 1038, 1071 WINKELMANN, 496, SI9 WEI5-FOGH, 47S WIESMANN, S70 WINKLER, A., 817, 921 Weismann's ring, 976 WIGGINS, 1171, 1174 WINKLER, H., 829,918 WEISSENBERG, 1211, 1278 WIGGLESWORTH, 697,780,976, Winter gnat, see Trichoceridae WELCH, 1122, 1123, 116o 1071, 1189 Winthemia, 1032; W. 4-pustulata WELD, 1214, 1278 WILCOX, IOOS, 1063 primary sheath oflarva, 1032 WELLES, 467,472 WILDERMUTH, 807, 814 WITHYCOMBE, 799, 801, 802, 807, WENDT, 736,763 WILEY,428 811, 8!4, 940 WENK, 944, 9SO WILLARD, 1016, 1071 WITLACZIL, 691,698,714, 72S, WENNER, 1268 WILLE, A., 421,431, 1193, 1261, 781 WENZEL, Ss2, 920 1279 WITTIG, S22, S32 WERNER, F. G., 803, 814 WILLE, J., 738, 780, 1044, 1071 WOOLUM, 798, 814 WERNER, K., 1097, 1161 Willemia, 470 WOHLFARTH-BOTTERMAN, 696, 769 WESENBERG-LUND, 920, I 167, WILLEY, R. B., S9S, 6os Wohlfartia magnifica, 1030 1174, 12S3, 1278 WILLEY, R. L., S04, SI9 WOLF,S02,S07,SI9 WEST, 1027, I06S, 1070 WILLIAMS, C. B., 496, Sl9, S99, WOLFE,S04,SI4,SI9 WESTFALL, SIO, SIS 6os, 89s, 920, 1129, 116o WOLTER, 463,475 WESTWOOD, 878, 887, 920 WILLIAMS, C. E., S99, 6oS WOMERSLEY, 440, 443, 475 INDEX 1353

WONG, 650, 656 parasitic on, 1009; X. (Meso• ZAWARSIN, 507, 520 WOOD, D. M., 853, 903, 921, 988, tricha) spp., with commensal Zenillia, 1032 1059 mites, 1258; X. rufescens, noc• Zeugloptera, 427, 1I02-3; cloacal WOOD, T. G., 6o6, 633,638 turnal, 1258 opening, 1086; exarate pupa, WOODHOUSE, 1073, 1161 Xylocopidae, I 258 uoo; Microlepidoptera, uoi; WOODS, 829,837,921 Xylocoris, 699 pupal mandibles, 1099 WOODWARD, 698, 781 Xylodiplosis praecox, circumfili, ZEUNER,425,4JI,5J5,536,544, WOOTTON, 428 997 545. 546, 561 Workers, in Formicidae, 1236; in Xylodrepa 4-punctata, head Zeuxevania spendidula, 1213 Isoptera, 6o6, 617; nymphs beneath, 8:w; predator on Zeuzera, cocoon-cutter, IIOI; functioning as workers, 617; in Lepidopterous larvae, 854 reduced proboscis, 1075; Z. social Hymenoptera, 1175 Xylomyidae, see Solvinae coffiae, 1116; Z. pyrina, larva, WOYKE, 1261, 1279 Xylophagidae, 999 pupa, adult, II 15; habits, II 16; WRIGID, 1024 Xylophagus, antennae abnormal numbers of eggs laid, 1o8g wu, 521, 526,632 for Brachycera, 997; in Britain, ZEVE, 1037, 1071 Wuchereria bancrofti, transmis- 999; nervous system, 967 ZIMIN, 543, 551, 561 sion of, 987 Xylophila, see Aderus Zicrona caerulea, 471 WUNDRIG, 66o, 669, 672, 678 Xylophilidae, see Aderidae ZINKLER, 475 WUNDT, 801, 815 Xylorycta, 1114 ZIRNGIEBEL, 1201, 1279 WYGODZINSKY, 439, 440, 443, 453, X yloryctidae, II I 3 ZLOTORZYCKA,659,664,667,66g 732,733.748,779.781 Xylota, 1017 ZOLESSI, 537, 553, 561 wYK, van, 595, 6os Xyloterinus, 903 Zonitis, 827 WYNN, 718, 781 Xylotrechus, Stephanus serrator Zonocerus, 553 WYTSMANN, 1134, 1154 parasite of, 1213 Zootermopsis, 634; cerci, 6u; digestion, 628; growth and size XAMBEU,844,866,921 YANO, 1123, 1161 of colony, 626; pheromones, Xantholinus, 1242 YASUDA, 1104,1161 623; simple nests, 631; sterile Xenocerus, 897 YIN,458,460 forms give rise to supplemen• Xenopsylla cheopis, male, 942; Yellow fever, transmission of. tary reproductives, 623; tarsi developmental period, 948; 951,986 imperfectly s-segmented, 6o8- distribution, 943; transmits YONKE, 696,761 9; venation primitive but plague, 942 YOSHIMOTO, 1229, 1272 R2 + 3 undivided in fore Xenos resparum, adult female, YOUNG, B. P., 959, 1071 wing, 6oi)-Io; 6th instar full-grown male larva, 924; YOUNG, D., 711, 781 nymphs function as workers, life-history, 925---9 YOUNG, D. A., 713, 781 620 Xenylla, 470 YOUNG, E. C., 688, 748, 781 Zopheridae, 886 Xestobium rufovillosum ( = tessel• YOUNG, J. H., 673, 678 Zoraptera, characters of, 424, latum), 874, 875 Yponomeuta III2; mandibles, 643; Hemipteroid characters, Xiphopteridae, 568 1075; wing-venation, uu; lar• 426; similarities to Psocoptera, Xiphydria, 1203; Aulacus parasite vae live in communal web, 643,652 of, 1213 1093; larval crochets, 1091; Zorotypidae, 643 Xiphydriidae, I 203 Ageniaspis parasitic on, 1224; Zorotypus, 643; internal anatomy, Xyela, wings, 1186; X.julii, 1202 Y. euonomella, wing-venation, 644-5; mouthparts, 644; vena• Xyelidae, 1202, male genitalia III I tion, 644; Z. guineensis, 644 inverse or normal, 1201; early Yponomeutidae, I I I I ZUBERI, 612, 642 fossils, 427 Yponomeutoidea, uo8, IIIO ZUCCHI, 1258, 1279 Xyeloidea, I202 YUASA, 537, 561, 593, 605, 1201, ZUMPT, 1028, 1071 )(y/aria (Fungi), in termitaria, r2o6, 1227, 1273, 1279 ZWICK, 524, 527, 528, 530, 532, 629 YUNG, 1237 8o1, 815 Xylastodoris luteolus, 738 ZWOLFER, H., 723, 781 Xyleborus, 902-3 Zabrus, 841 ZWOLFER, W., 741, 781 Xyleutes, r u6 ZACHER, 577,582,714,781 Zygaena, I I I8; 4th and sth Xylotouus, 4 Malpighian tubules, ZAHNER, 5 I O, 520 abdominal ganglia fused, 1085; 694; spiracles, 691 ZAHRADNIK,715,78I Z. filipendu/ae adult venation, Xylowpa, 1258; Physocephala Zaithajluminum, 746 larva, IJI8 parasitic on, 1043; Polochrum ZANDER, 1084, 1161, 1188 Zygaeninae, JII8 parasitic on, 1234; Spogostylum ZAVREL, 991 Zygaenidae, I I 17; crop, 1084 1354 INDEX

Zygaenoidea; I I I6 eleventh abdominal segment, genitalia, 501; wing-venation, Zygentonta,439,440 so6; endophytic oviposition, 499; type of nymph, 503, 504; Zygoptera,sH; eye, 496; soJi female genitalia, soz; male origins, 51 o