Family-Group Names in Diptera
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Family-Group Names in Diptera Bibliography and Nota Bene: This is an exact copy of the material sent to the printers. Slight differences may be found in the pre- liminaries, such as this page which represents the copy for the spine. BUT the body of the work is an exact copy of the printed book. MYIA 10 1999 Family-Group Names in Diptera and Bibliography Backhuys Publishers Family-Group Names in Diptera and Bibliography MYIA The International Journal of the North American Dipterists’ Society Volume 10 Editor: F. Christian Thompson Review Committee Roger W. Crosskey Allen L. Norrbom Thomas Pape Published for North American Dipterists’ Society by Backhuys Publishers Family-Group Names in Diptera An annotated catalog. By Curtis W. Sabrosky Bibliography By F. Christian Thompson Neal L. Evenhuis Curtis W. Sabrosky North American Dipterists’ Society Backhuys Publishers Leiden 1999 Authors’ Addresses Neal L. Evenhuis Department of Natural Sciences B. Bishop Museum P. O. Box 19000 Honolulu, Hawaii 96817 USA Curtis W. Sabrosky Deceased Systematic Entomology Laboratory, USDA NHB-168 Smithsonian Institution Washington, D. C. 20560 USA F. Christian Thompson Sytematic Entomology Laboratory, USDA NHB-168 Smithsonian Institution Washington, D. C. 20560 USA ISBN 90-5782-???-? MYIA is devoted to dissemination of research and other information on flies (Diptera). The series was established by Paul H. Arnaud, Jr., and supported in part by the California Academy of Sciences. Five volumes have been published. The series is now jointly sponsored by the North American Dipterists’ Society, with individual volumes edited and produced either by Paul Arnaud at San Francisco or by Chris Thompson at Washington. This volume is printed and distributed by Backhuys Publishers, Leiden, Netherlands. Printed in the Netherlands Curtis W. Sabrosky 1910-1997 Contents Family-Group Names in Diptera Preface ........................................3 Introduction ......................................5 Arrangement and Format ............................5 Classification ..................................8 Nomenclature: Generic Names .........................9 Nomenclature: Family-Group Names .................... 10 Problems of Orthography .......................... 13 Notes on Certain Publications ........................ 17 Abbreviations ................................. 19 Conspectus by Families of the Type Genera of Family-Group Names ....... 21 Annotated Catalog of Family-Group Names, Alphabetical by Type Genera .... 35 Supplemental List: Group Names Not Based on Generic Names .........327 Bibliography Literature Cited ...................................361 Serial Abbreviations ................................557 Postscript .......................................575 Curtis W. Sabrosky Family-Group Names in Diptera Preface and Acknowledgments Family-group names in Diptera became an early special interest of mine, stimulated by the need to explain to students such differences in usage as Tachinidae vs. Larvaevoridae, Borboridae vs. Sphaeroceridae, and Rhyphidae-Anisopodidae-Sylvicolidae. I presented a paper on such problems at the VIIth International Congress of Entomology, Berlin, 1938, and in later publications (Sabrosky 1939, 1941, 1946, 1947, 1954, 1984). The compilation of names and references has continued to the present time. From time to time, some reference works have cited author and date for family names in Diptera, but these contain a high percentage of incorrect dates, no doubt due in large part to the inadequate cataloging of such names (e.g., Handlirsch 1925, Séguy 1951, Kéler 1956, Rohdendorf 1977). Two specific examples: Kéler (1956) cited the oldest reference for 81 named families: 16 right, 65 wrong. Rohdendorf (1977a), covering a wider range of families, both extant and extinct, recognized 159 families with 86 right, 73 wrong. The variety of endings and spellings and consequent problems of arrangement and indexing early led to organization of the material under type genera. Differences in recorded authorship, dates, references, and type fixations demanded a check of original references as far as possible, hopefully for everything. (Only one or two have not been seen as this book goes to press.) This means that I have personally examined almost all the references cited in this catalog, and any errors are mine and cannot be blamed on anyone else! The appearance of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature 1961, 1964, 1985), with more complete provisions for family-group names than in the old International Rules, answered some questions from the early years of the project and gave guidelines for handling later problems as they developed. Some arguments of interpretation remain, and these are discussed in the Introduction or in Notes. The work is aimed at being historical as well as nomenclatural and bibliographical. Annotations have been used liberally, especially to show the reasoning behind my decisions so that anyone who disagrees with a conclusion or who wishes to review the relevant evidence does not have to struggle to find out why and where. In a number of instances I have called attention to the need for action by the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature. I hope that specialists will be stimulated to apply to the Commission to clear up the problem cases so that future work will be unimpeded by uncertainty and long-overdue decisions. It would be nice to think that this catalog is perfect or even nearly so, but I am all too aware of the vast literature and the likelihood that some names or relevant designations have been missed. Perfection, in a work of seemingly endless detail, is technically possible but highly improbable. Nevertheless it must be a goal, unlikely though its achievement seems. I can only hope that any errors or omissions will be few and insignificant. Acknowledgments: It is impossible at this late date to name the innumerable cooperators among the dipterists, colleagues, librarians and others who helped in various ways during the last half century. My deepest thanks to all of them. I wish particularly to acknowledge my gratitude and indebtedness to several significant cooperators: to my friend of many years and my long-time colleague, Alan Stone, whose continual interest and cooperation supplied me with many names and references; to my friend of over a half century and sparring partner on zoological nomenclature, the late George C. Steyskal, for frequent assistance with languages and references, for innumerable discussions of nomenclature, gender concord, and similar matters, and at the end for his generous review of stems and proper spelling of group names; to friend and colleague F. Christian Thompson, for constant 4 MYIA Volume 10 encouragement toward finalization of this task, stimulating arguments on nomenclature, invaluable assistance in helping an old dog learn new tricks in the world of word processors, and finally expert assistance in preparing the Bibliography and in steering the work to publication; to my good friend and correspondent of many years, Roger W. Crosskey, for help far beyond the call of duty, in supplying rare and unusual publications and expediting my visits to the library of The Natural History Museum in London, for innumerable discussions on rules of nomenclature, and finally for detailed scrutiny of the manuscript of the Catalog; and to friend Neal L. Evenhuis for exceptional cooperation with his detailed studies of the literature of Diptera and dates of publication, and his generosity with that information. Finnally, I acknowledge with deep appreciation the many useful comments of thorough referees Roger W. Crosskey and Thomas Pape, and of the reviewers Sueo Nakahara and Allen Norrbom. Curtis W. Sabrosky Medford, New Jersey September 28, 1996 Introduction The original plan for this catalog included a history of the classification of Diptera, especially the development of families, then subdivisions of families, and in the other direction the development of superfamilies, and higher into the ordinal group. Time and the size of the project have limited the catalog to the basic facts of the names. Suffice it here to point out that after the large genera of Linnaeus and his immediate successors, a classification of the genera into groups began in the closing years of the 18th century. The French botanists Adanson (1763) and de Jussieu (1789) had grouped the genera of plants into “familles,” and this undoubtedly influenced the French entomologists at about the turn of the century, Latreille and Duméril, to arrange the genera of insects into supra-generic taxa, the “familles” or “familles naturelles.” Latreille (1797) was apparently the first to divide the Diptera in this way, but although he stated the division clearly in the preface to his Précis, and numbered and diagnosed each family in the body of the work, he provided no names for them, either vernacular or latinized. He grouped 35 genera into 8 families, in addition to which his new genus Nycteribia appeared elsewhere in the class “Acéphales.” Duméril (1800b), in a folded synoptic table in the back of Cuvier’s Leçons d’Anatomie Comparée, quickly followed with a different arrangement, grouping genera into four families, three of which he named but only with vernacular names and none of those based on a generic name (Hydromies, Sarcostomes, Sclérostomes). Valid and available family names in Diptera appeared first in Latreille (1802) in volume 3 of his Histoire naturelle….