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Capacity Analysis of the Union Station Rail Corridor Using Integrated Rail and Pedestrian Simulation

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Capacity Analysis of the Union Station Rail Corridor Using Integrated Rail and Pedestrian Simulation Capacity Analysis of the Union Station Rail Corridor using Integrated Rail and Pedestrian Simulation by Yishu Pu A thesis submitted in conformity with the requirements for the degree of Masters of Applied Science Department of Civil Engineering University of Toronto © Copyright by Yishu Pu 2017 ii Capacity Analysis of the Union Station Rail Corridor using Integrated Rail and Pedestrian Simulation Yishu Pu Master of Applied Science Department of Civil Engineering University of Toronto 2017 Abstract The capacity evaluation of railway station areas is essential for accommodating future growth in demand and new rail services. Conventional capacity analysis methodologies (analytical, optimization) have limitations due to over- simplified assumptions. While simulation tools have proven effective in analyzing complex station areas, the interactive effects between pedestrian and train movements are hardly captured properly. The study analyzed representative analytical and railway simulation methods, and applied an integrated simulation platform – Nexus (connected with OpenTrack and MassMotion) – to perform a comprehensive capacity analysis of the Union Station Rail Corridor. A 9% drop in on-time performance was observed and passengers’ average duration at LOS F tripled with the increase of train and passenger volumes. Both length and variation of dwell time due to pedestrian movement were recognized as the main factors of performance deterioration. The study also reveals the applicability and benefits of using such integrated simulation tools in other complex transit systems. iii Acknowledgements There have been many times people looked shocked when they learnt that this is actually my second master degree. Well, that is true. I did my first master in Industrial Engineering at the University of Windsor, worked in a logistics firm in Windsor for three years before I moved to the 6ix. Why? I realized I love transporting people, and Toronto happens to have a lot of people. Oh, and yes, a big, complicated and amazing transit system too. It is not easy to make up a mind and change a career path after spending three years in a different industry. I am extremely lucky that I have a family that is always there to support me all the way through, even though we are thousands of miles apart. I would like to give my biggest thanks to my Mom, Fan Jiang; Dad, Jianxin Pu; grandma, Yuping Jiang; and grandpa, Daan Ge, for raising me up and providing me with guidance and suggestions at every critical turn of my life. Thank you for standing by me, and backing me up with my decisions to chase my dream. I would also like to thank Mr. George Randall, my previous manager and my friend at Moe’s Transport in Windsor, for encouraging me to take the opportunity and offering me all your endorsements. It was my greatest pleasure to work for you and an amazing experience that I would never forget. Now that I am here wrapping up my thesis, there are a few people that I would like to take a moment to appreciate. Firstly, thank you Professor Amer Shalaby for picking me as your student two years ago, believing in me, and offering me such a wonderful project to work on for my master thesis. Thank you for your guidance, suggestions and valuable inputs along the span of this project. Secondly, I would like to thank Siva Srikukenthiran for creating the Nexus platform and continue to offer me help every time I ran into problems, no matter it was at the middle of the night or on a weekend. I would also like to express my gratitude to all of the students who helped with data collection for this project, and especially Siyu Lin, who had already built a solid foundation of the models when I started the project. Without any of you, this project would not be possible. I still remember when I made my decision to apply for this second master, I told myself that it was not going to be easy, but this could be the chance that I would be able to finally go for a career that I had always been dreaming about, and I would try my best to conquer it. It turned out that it was indeed not that easy. Fortunately, I met a bunch of awesome friends during the program at the lab and office: Greg Lue, Paula Nguyen, Bo Wen, Greg Hoy, Wenxun Hu, Teddy Lin, Moein Hosseini, Nancy Hui, Mahyar Jahangiriesmaili, Adam Weiss, Sami Hasnine, Ehab Diab, Stephanie Pham, etc. Thank you for being my friends, helping with each other and all those fun chats and conversations. Two years flew by, but hey look! We made it through, right? Sometimes it is a gift to have friends who are willing to stick around and fight with you. I have known Shan Wu and Xiaoteng Yang since the first day I came to this country. We grew and explored the unknown land all together and helped each other. To Shan, I could not imagine a life without your company and support, especially during the time when we were both in Windsor. Life moves on, I believe everything is always going to be better if we try harder and become stronger, I believe in both of you, our friendship, and I would like you to know how important you are to me. iv The biggest surprise is to meet Omar Omari and Jacek Khan at the University of Toronto. We were not in the same program, but we are bonded with magic. I would never forget all the amazing time we had together at the gym, running around downtown Toronto and Pokémon Go Hunting at the middle of the night. You guys have taught me a lot, and I really appreciate the enormous supports I have had from you. Especially Omar, my roommate and my best best friend, thanks for sticking around with me as well as all those adventures and journeys we have shared together. You know how much you mean to me, and how much I mean to you (you better anyway). Last but not least, I would like to thank ARUP, NSERC, University of Toronto and Metrolinx for providing us with data, technical and financial support. Again, this project would not be possible without your kind endorsements. I know I may have spent a lot of time in school or taking some detours, but all these experiences count. I am glad that I am finally on this path doing transportation, and I have no regrets of going down this road. To me, it is never too late to chase the dream. Glad that I chose to come to this country six years ago. It has been a long great journey, I am happy that I made it, actually I am happy that all of us have made it. I feel so lucky to have met all of you along this road, and I truly believe that I would not have become the person that I am right now without you. So, thank you all! September 2017 v Table of Contents Abstract ......................................................................................................................................................... ii Acknowledgements ...................................................................................................................................... iii Table of Contents .......................................................................................................................................... v List of Tables ............................................................................................................................................. viii List of Figures .............................................................................................................................................. ix List of Appendices ....................................................................................................................................... xi Glossary ...................................................................................................................................................... xii 1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Background ......................................................................................................................................... 1 1.1.1 Main Concerns ............................................................................................................................. 2 1.1.2 Train Movements ......................................................................................................................... 2 1.1.3 Pedestrian Movements ................................................................................................................. 2 1.1.4 Interactive effects between train movements and pedestrian movements ................................... 3 1.1.5 Current capacity analysis practices .............................................................................................. 3 1.2 Research Objectives ............................................................................................................................ 3 1.3 Methodology ....................................................................................................................................... 4 1.4 Thesis Outline ..................................................................................................................................... 5 2 Literature Review .................................................................................................................................. 6 2.1 Capacity Definition ............................................................................................................................. 6 2.1.1 Theoretical Capacity ...................................................................................................................
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