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A Prospective Study on Parpati Kalpana W.S.R to Panchamrut Parpati

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A Prospective Study on Parpati Kalpana W.S.R to Panchamrut Parpati Published online in http://ijam.co.in ISSN: 0976-5921 International Journal of Ayurvedic Medicine, 2010, 1(3), 118-128 Review article A Prospective Study on Parpati Kalpana w.s.r to Panchamrut Parpati Murali Krishna. C*, Srinivasulu Bandari 1, Pavan Kumar Sangu1, Penchala Prasad G2, Narayana A3, Prasanna Kumar T4 1. Senior Research Felow (Ayurveda), 2. Assistant Director, 3. Director, NIIMH, Hyderabad 4. Assistant Professor, JSS AMC, Mysore Abstract Rasa Shastra, one of the Pharmaco-therapeutic branches of Ayurveda, incorporates many of the inorganic, herbo-mineral and metallic pharmaceutical preparations namely Khalviya Rasayana, Parpati Rasayana, Pottali Rasayana and Kupipakwa Rasayana, Parpati Rasayanas are one among the Rasaoushidhis mentioned in the Ayurvedic classics and the therapeutically effective mineral & metallic formulations. These are the most popular among the processing’s of Mercury. Parpati Rasayana Kalpanas are the most popular among the processing’s of Mercury and are widely used. These are therapeutically effective mineral and metallic formulations; including both Sagandha and Nirgandha Parada Yukta yogas. The name “Parpati” is given to this preparation because of its form and the method of preparation as it is made in the form of thin flakes (Papada). This process dates back to 11th century and is found widely in Ayurveda literature. Parpati Rasayanas have high therapeutic value, potent, less toxic and cost effective medicines. Panchamruta Parpati is one of the formulations used in Grahani (Malabsorption sprue syndrome). Hence the Parpati kalpanas are enumerated with special reference to the preparation of the Panchamruta Parpati. Key words: Rasashastra, Parpati kalpana, Panchamruta Parpati. Introduction therapy. Introduction of Mercury , Metals The compounds prepared with and minerals in the therapeutics started Mercury are considered to be the best. It almost a new era, it was accepted much has been a practice for many years to earlier that every thing in the world can be combine Mercury and Sulphur with other used as a medicament and use of same drugs or metals for enhancing their minerals were also in practice in the age of potency. It is also observed that when the classics i.e., up to 400 AD. But later on vegetable drugs combined with mercurial one of the great exponents of Indian compounds or with Sulphur their activities Medicine, Nagarjuna (800 AD) devoted may last very longer period. The his entire life and energy to develop Rasa Rasagranthas clearly indicate that Mercury Shastra. With his effort Mercury, Metals on account of its very powerful yogavahi and Minerals became very popular tools of properties, when mixed with other substances, increases their properties *Corresponding author: immensely and their shelf life period for Research officer (Ayurveda), indefinite period. National institute of Indian Medical Parpati Kalpana (Flakes) is a well Heritage, Osmania Medical College known and successfully used preparation building, Putlibowli, Hyderabad. for the management of Grahani Ph.No: +91-9492030564 (Malabsorption sprue syndrome). Before E.mail: [email protected] the invention of Parpati, Grahani was 118 Published online in http://ijam.co.in ISSN: 0976-5921 Murali Krishna et al., A Prospective Study of Parpati Kalpana considered difficult to cure but after the A detail description of RasaParpati invention of Parpati it became curable. in Grahani chikitsa was given by the The use of Parpati was found beneficial Chakradutta (C.D. 4/90). The scaly for alleviating associated symptoms of preparations of mercury are prepared by Grahani as well as various other diseases melting of Kajjali (Black sulphide of like Rajayakshma, Kustha, and Gulma etc. mercury) and suddenly cooling it under In the chronic phase of Grahani where the manual pressure and given name need of antitubercular therapy arises there RasParpati by Chakrapani i.e. Gold alone or along with Silver, Copper, “RasaParpatika Khyata Nibadda Iron etc. proves highly beneficial. With Chakrapana”. This clearly indicates that the above idea a number of Parpatis are Chakrapani was a creator of Rasa Parpati. derived in subsequent periods such as a Tamra Parpati (Rasa Prakasa Sudhakar), Parpati is a thin flake like Panchamruta Parpati (Rasendra Sara preparation consisting of Mercury and sangraha), Swarna Parpati (Rasapaddhati), Sulphur. Parpati is such a preparation Loha Parpati (Rasa paddhati), Vijaya which is prepared by following various Parpati (Bhaisajya Ratnavali) etc. were specialized processing techniques like developed by different scholars by adding Shodhan Samskara and Murchana. It is one or the other ingredients like gold, considered that Mercury when silver, Iron, copper, Mica, Pearl and other amalgamated with Sulphur looses its Precious stones etc. blemishes and toxic nature and gets converted into black shiningless powder Derivation of the term “PARPATI” form which is known as a state of The name “Parpati” is given to this Murchana. When mercury becomes preparation because of its form and the murchhita it attains various therapeutic method of preparation as it is made in the qualities. These therapeutic qualities can form of thin flakes. It is also said about it be potentiated with the addition of certain that because of its similarity of Papada it is other materials like bhasmas of Gold, called Parpati. Grammatically the term Silver, Copper, Iron etc. This addition of “Parpat” is masculine in gender but by various materials and heating process is adding “I” prefix, it became feminine in considered as Agni samskara which is gender i.e. Parpati. Parpata, Parpati and responsible for inducing various Parpatika are its synonyms and emphasise therapeutic qualities. its lightness (Laghutwa). Types of Parpati: I Basing upon the Kajjali and other The description of Parpati has ingredients, it is of three types been used in therapeutics since 8th / 9th 1. Parpati containing only Kajjali of century A.D. Probably Nagarjuna was the Parada and Gandhaka. first scholar to introduce Parpati and other Ex. Rasa Parpati Rasa preparations in the therapeutics in 2. Parpati containing Kajjali with Rasendra Mangal. There is mention of the one or more loha / dhatu. preparation of RasaParpati ( Parpati ) Ex. Swarna Parpati, Panchamrita which is indicated for Kusta roga (skin Parpati, Loha Parpati,Vijaya Parpati, disease) but internal use of Mercury and Gagan Parpati, Mandoor Parpati, Mani introduction of scale preparations goes to Parpati. Chakrapani, the commentator of Charaka 3. Parpati containing kajjali and one Samhita, an author of therapeutic book or more vegetable drugs. Chakradutta (11th century A.D.). Ex: Pranada Parpati, Bola Parpati. 119 Published online in http://ijam.co.in ISSN: 0976-5921 International Journal of Ayurvedic Medicine, 2010, 1(3), 118-128 II. Again on the basis of ingredients While describing Parpati Parpatis are of 2 types: preparations, 3 pakas have been mentioned 1. Sagandha Parpati: Containing in the texts i.e., Mrudu, Madhyama and Parada and Gandhaka ex: Rasa Parpati, Khara paka. In these pakas Mrudu & Gagan Parpati, Tamra Parpati, Swarna Madhyama paka preparation are the best to Parpati, Loha Parpati, Bola Parpati, be used in therapeutically. Panchamrita Parpati, Vijaya Parpati, Mridu paka: In this paka, Parpati remains Mandoor Parpati, Mani Parpati, Pranada safe and may not break easily on Parpati etc., bending. 2. Nirgandha Parpati: Without Madyama paka: In this paka Parpati is Parada and Gandhaka ex: Sweta Parpati, broken easily and glitters like roupya Malla Parpati, Sital Parpati etc., (silver) in the broken place. Khara paka: In this stage the product can General method of Preparation of not be converted in to Parpati form and Parpati: powder form. It looses its actual luster. Purified Mercury (Parada) and It is not indicated for therapeutic Sulphur (Gandhaka) are taken in a mortar purpose. But exceptionally Rudra (Khalwa) in equal proportion and are Parpati is only one Parpati prepared by ground well till it becomes as Kharapaka. Kajjalabhasa (Just like kajjali), Slakshnata (smoothness), Anjana sadrusa sukshma( Properties of Parpati: minute as anjana), Rekhapurnata, Jala In general Parpati will be dark in pareeksha ( Floating on water ), Loha color, easily breakable, glittery and flack pareeksha (If Kajjali is mixed with lime like in appearance. It preserves its potency juice color of Swarna will not turn to indefinitely and is kept in glass bottles. It white if it is properly prepared) and increases Lustre, strength and appetite. It Agnipariksha (Fumes will come out and is beneficial in Antrasodha, Antravrana, there will not be any ashes). Other drugs and Durgandha pureesha. It strengthens mentioned in the formula depending upon intestines and regulates intestinal type of Parpati Kalpana are added one by movements. one and mixed well by trituration in the mortar (Khalwa) till it becomes as Importance of cow-dung in Parpati homogeneous mixture. preparation: Later a little cow-dung is placed Parpati is usually employed for the over the floor and is made into a pit. A management of diseases born out of piece of plantain leaf or Eranda leaf is “Mandagni” and pittajanya rogas like placed over the pit. The total triturated sanGrahani etc., the chief ingredients of mixture is taken in a ghee smeared spoon Parpati i.e., Parada and Gandhaka are and is melted over sikata yantra. When it is pardhiva dravyas and they are treated with converted into liquid state, it is taken off various vanaspatika dravyas before being
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