bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/074476; this version posted September 13, 2016. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. Na-Dene populations descend from the Paleo-Eskimo migration into America Pavel Flegontov1,2,3,*, N. Ezgi Altınışık1, Piya Changmai1, Edward J. Vajda4, Johannes Krause5, Stephan Schiffels5,* 1 Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic 2 A.A. Kharkevich Institute for Information Transmission Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia 3 Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, České Budĕjovice, Czech Republic 4 Department of Modern and Classical Languages, Western Washington University, Bellingham, WA, USA 5 Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Kahlaische Str. 10, 07745 Jena, Germany * corresponding authors: S.S., email
[email protected], P.F., email
[email protected]. Abstract Prehistory of Native Americans of the Na-Dene language family remains controversial. Genetic continuity of Paleo-Eskimos (SaQQaQ and Dorset cultures) and Na-Dene was proposed under the three-wave model of America’s settlement; however, recent studies have produced conflicting results. Here, we performed reconstruction and dating of Na-Dene population history, using genome seQuencing data and a coalescent method relying on rare alleles (Rarecoal). We also applied model-free approaches for analysis of rare allele and autosomal haplotype sharing. All methods detected Central and West Siberian ancestry exclusively in a fraction of modern day Na-Dene individuals, but not in other Native Americans.