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Coleridge, Schiller and Aesthetic Education This page intentionally left blank , Schiller and Aesthetic Education

Michael John Kooy © John Kooy, 2002 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 2002 978-0-333-74936-4 All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this publication may be made without written permission. No paragraph of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted save with written permission or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, 90 Tottenham Court Road, London W1T 4LP. Any person who does any unauthorised act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages.

The author has asserted his right to be identified as the author of this work in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.

First published 2002 by PALGRAVE Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS and 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, N. Y. 10010 Companies and representatives throughout the world PALGRAVE is the new global academic imprint of St. Martin’s Press LLC Scholarly and Reference Division and Palgrave Publishers Ltd (formerly Macmillan Press Ltd).

ISBN 978-1-349-41174-0 ISBN 978-0-230-59678-8 (eBook) DOI 10.1057/9780230596788 This book is printed on paper suitable for recycling and made from fully managed and sustained forest sources. A catalogue record for this book is available from the . Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Kooy, Michael John, 1969– Coleridge, Schiller, and aesthetic education/Michael John Kooy. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index.

1. Coleridge, Samuel Taylor, 1772–1834—Knowledge—Literature. 2. Schiller, Friedrich, 1759–1805—Appreciation—, 3. Criticism— Great Britain—History—. 4. Coleridge, Samuel Taylor, 1772–1834—Aesthetics. 5. Literature—History and criticism—Theory, etc. 6. Schiller, Friedrich, 1759–1805–Aesthetics. 7. Schiller, Friedrich, 1759–1805—Influence. 8. —German influences. 9. Aesthetics, Modern—19th century. 10. Aesthetics, Modern–. I. Title.

PR4487.L5 K66 2002 821′.7—dc21 2001036986 10987654321 11 10 09 08 07 06 05 04 03 02

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Acknowledgements ix

List of Abbreviations xi

Introduction: Reading Coleridge through Schiller 1 A note on texts and translations

1 Schiller and the Young Coleridge 9 Schiller in the : Jena and Weimar Coleridge’s reading of Schiller’s early plays Beddoes and the Horae

2 Coleridge and 33 Coleridge in Göttingen The aesthetics of Wallenstein

3 British Germanophiles 45 The German Museum Schiller and the British literary press Coleridge’s reading of Schiller’s prose

4 Schiller’s Poetry in Coleridge’s Notebooks 67 Gedichte Part 1: dejection and theological speculation Gedichte Part 2: , metrics, the ‘beautiful soul’ Coleridge abroad, Schiller abroad The Muses’ Almanac and the new aesthetics Three translations

5 Semblance and Aesthetic Autonomy in Coleridge’s Criticism 95 Coleridge and The Critique of Judgement Autonomy in the Aesthetic Letters ‘Semblance’ in

6 Aesthetic Education in Biographia Literaria, The Friend and the Lectures on Literature 115 Aesthetic freedom / moral freedom

vii viii Contents

Biographia and beyond: Schelling or Schiller? Didacticism

7Coleridge’s ‘Aesthetic State’ 141 Bildung and politics ‘Cultivation’ and the state

8 The Clerisy and Aesthetic Education 167 Cultivating the nation Women in the ‘Aesthetic State’ Imagined female figures

9 Epilogue: Bildung and History 193 Schiller’s history Coleridge, Bildung and providential history

Notes 207

Selected Bibliography 221

Index 231 Acknowledgements

This book began as a chapter in my doctoral thesis, which I wrote while at Keble College, Oxford, and it grew into its present shape while I held posts at Corpus Christi College, Oxford, and the University ofWarwick. During this time my work on the subject has been encouraged by many people; to three of them in particular I owe a large debt of gratitude: Roy Park, my thesis supervisor, for his inde- fatigable attention to detail; Elinor Shaffer, for encouraging me not to underestimate the strength of the Coleridge–Schiller relationship; and Michael Bell, whose chapter on Schiller in Sentimentalism, and the Culture of Feeling (2000) I read just as this book was going to press, for encouraging me to think about the broader issues in Schil- ler’s reception and, not least, for kindly agreeing to read and comment upon a draft of this book. Lesley Sharpe, Joyce Crick and Stephen Gill also read selections of the book and I am grateful to them for their careful and discrimin- ating responses. I thank, too, a large number of people whose timely comments helped to shape this book, probably in ways unbe- knownst to them: John Beer, Thomas McFarland, Heather Jackson, Peter Larkin, Anya Taylor, Raimonda Modiano, Nick Halmi, Graham Davidson, Douglas Hedley, Lucy Newlyn, Geoffrey Rowell, Val Cunningham, Christine Battersby, Andrew Benjamin, F. J. Lamport and Paul Hamilton. The book has also benefited from the exchange fostered by the postgraduate seminar at Oxford, ‘Romantic Realign- ments’, and in particular by two contemporaries of mine, both Coleridgeans: Tim Milnes and Seamus Perry. Much of the research for this book was carried out at the Taylor Institution Library, Oxford, and I am grateful to the librarians there, especially Giles Barber, Jill Hughes and David Thomas, for their expert advice and for helping to see me through one, rather lean, year. I also owe a debt of gratitude to a colleague at Warwick, Martin Warner, whose work on the relationship between philosophy and literature is a kind of edu- cation in its own right.

ix x Acknowledgements

Parts of this book were written while I held a doctoral fellowship from the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council, Canada, and later a postdoctoral fellowship from the British Academy; I am deeply grateful to both bodies for their support. A much earlier version of Chapter 6 and a part of Chapter 9 have appeared else- where in print: in The Wordsworth Circle, 26 (1995), 23–6 and Journal of the History of Ideas, 60 (1999), 717–34, respectively. I am grateful to the editors of these journals, Marilyn Gaull and Donald R. Kelley, for permission to include this material here. Writing this book would have been impossible without the support I received from Canada. I am grateful in particular to Douglas Loney and John Herbert, who helped direct my interest in poetics, and to John Rozema, Bernie and Tina Bax, Art and John De Groot and the board members of Vision ’74. And closer to home, Nadya Chobot- ova, and my parents Kees and Alice Kooy. Above all, I thank Katya Chobotova. In gratitude for her insight, unbending support, and much else besides, I dedicate this book to her. List of Abbreviations

Aesthetic Judgement , The Critique of Aesthetic Judgement, trans. James Creed Meredith (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1911). Aesthetic Letters , Letters on the Aesthetic Education of Man, trans. L. A. Willoughby and Elizabeth M. Wilkinson (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1967). AR S. T. Coleridge, Aids to Reflection, ed. John Beer (London and Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1994). BL S. T. Coleridge, Biographia Literaria, ed. James Engell and , 2 vols (London and Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1983). Bowring The Poems of Schiller, trans. Edgar Alfred Bowring (London: John W. Parker & Son, 1851). C & S S. T. Coleridge, On the Constitution of Church and State, ed. John Colmer (London and Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1976). CL Collected Letters of Samuel Taylor Coleridge, ed. Earl Leslie Griggs, 6 vols (Oxford: , 1956–71). CM S. T. Coleridge, , ed. George Whalley and H. J. Jackson, 6 vols (London and Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1980–). CN The Notebooks of Samuel Taylor Coleridge, ed. Kathleen Coburn et al., 5 vols (New York: Princeton University Press and London: Routledge, 1957–). Elias Naïve and Sentimental Poetry and On the Sublime, trans. Julius A. Elias (New York: Ungar, 1966).

xi xii List of Abbreviations

EOT on His Times, ed. David V. Erdman, 3 vols (London and Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1978). Essays Friedrich Schiller, Essays, Aesthetical and Philosophical, Bohn’s Library (London: G. Bell, 1884). Friend S. T. Coleridge, The Friend, ed. Barbara E. Rooke, 2 vols (London and Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1969). Lects 1795 Lectures 1795: on Politics and Religion, ed. Lewis Patton and Peter Mann (London and Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1971). Lects Lit S. T. Coleridge, Lectures 1808–1819 on Literature, ed. R. A. Foakes, 2 vols (London and Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1987). LS S. T. Coleridge, A Lay Sermon, in Lay Sermons, ed. R. J. White (London and Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1972). NA Friedrich Schillers Werke und Briefe (Nationalausgabe), ed. Julius Petersen et al. (Weimar: Hermann Böhlaus Nachfolger, 1943–). PW The Complete Poetical Works of Samuel Taylor Coleridge, ed. E. H. Coleridge, 2 vols (Oxford, 1912). SM S. T. Coleridge, The Statesman’s Manual, in Lay Sermons, ed. R. J. White (London and Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1972). SW & F S. T. Coleridge, Shorter Works and Fragments, ed. H. J. Jackson and J. R. de J. Jackson, 2 vols (London and Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1995). TT S. T. Coleridge, Table Talk, ed. Carl Woodring, 2 vols (London and Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1990).