DOCSLIB.ORG

The Development of Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) Based Methods for the Identification and Authentication of Medicinal Plant Material

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

DE MONTFORT UNIVERSITY, LEICESTER The development of Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) based methods for the identification and authentication of medicinal plant material. Caroline Howard Ph.D. June 2010 The development of Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) based methods for the identification and authentication of medicinal plant material. Caroline Howard A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirement for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy to De Montfort University Faculty of Health and Life Sciences June 2010 De Montfort University i Caroline Howard Abstract Herbal medicines are growing in popularity in the Western world and are becoming more stringently regulated under new EU legislation. Within the arena of herbal medicines, St. John’s Wort (SJW), Hypericum perforatum, is a top ten best seller with clinical evidence to support its use as an anti-depressant. A fundamental requirement of the new legislation is to prove the identity of the plant material in question. This is currently achieved via morphological and chemical methods, neither of which are ideal. A wide range of DNA based methods have been applied to this arena, standardisation is required to realise the potential of DNA based techniques. The DNA barcoding initiative aims to produce sequence data for all plant species, capable of species identification. The proposal is to use these data to design fast and effective DNA based methods of identification. For assay design, the putative barcode region nrITS was selected as a platform. Three assays were designed; A PCR assay designed to hyper variable sequences within a barcode region. This assay is capable of distinguishing SJW from other closely related species. A quantitative qPCR assay designed to measure total DNA and specific SJW DNA within a mixed sample. A multiplex PCR incorporating fluorescently labelled primers, allowing amplicon detection by capillary electrophoresis. This assay identifies four separate Hypericum species, including SJW, with a mixed sample in one reaction. The suitability of the nrITS and three other barcode regions is assessed based on sequence data generated for 32 vouchered samples of different Hypericum species, and a Lithuanian sample set of 22 and 16 H. perforatum and H. maculatum samples respectively. The matK is currently unusable, the rbcL highly conserved, trnH-psbA problematically variable and the nrITS proved to be ideal for assay design. De Montfort University ii Caroline Howard Acknowledgements I would like to thank my entire supervisory team for initiating this project, seeking funding and supporting every aspect of my research. In particular, Dr Adrian Slater for conceiving the project, and for guiding and advising with infinite patience, this was tested. Dr Paul Bremner for his optimistic and global approach, and Dr Mark Fowler for his insightful critique and advice. Thanks are due to the many contributors of samples to this research. Mark Carine at the Natural History Museum London for providing vouchered DNA samples and general guidance. Asta Judzentiene of the Institute of Chemistry Vilnius, Lithuania, for providing Hypericum samples. Santiago Madriñán, Univ. de los Andes, for permission to use DNA from vouchered specimens which was supplied by the Kew DNA Databank. I would also like to thank our collaborators from Leicester University, Dr Eleanor Graham and Eleni Socratous for their work and expertise. Thanks are also due to my colleagues in the Cell Signalling Laboratory of De Montfort University where I have conducted this research. I would also like to thank our Research Assistant, Sarah Smith, who worked on this project both with and without payment. Her hard work was and is very much appreciated. Finally I would like to thank my husband Alex, who has been patient and supportive throughout my research, and all of my friends and family. De Montfort University iii Caroline Howard Publications and Presentations Original Papers Molecular Identification of Hypericum perforatum L. by PCR amplification of the ITS and 5.8S rDNA Region. Caroline Howard, Paul D. Bremner, Mark R. Fowler, Belinda Isodo, Nigel W. Scott and Adrian Slater. Planta Medica 2009: 75; 8, 864-869. Primer Design for DNA Based Identification of Medicinal Plants. C. Howard, P.D. Bremner, M.R. Fowler, N.W. Scott and A. Slater. Acta Horticulturae: In Press. Presentations PlantID – A System for the Identification of Medicinal Plant Material by DNA Profiling. Caroline Howard, Eleni Socratous, Sarah Smith, Eleanor Graham, Mark R Fowler, Nigel W Scott, Paul D Bremner and Adrian Slater. RRJ Arroo (ed.) (2010) Trends in Natural Products Research: Abstracts of the Phytochemical Society of Europe. Phytochemical Society of Europe, Leicester. ISBN 978-0-9565472-0-0. Meeting held at De Montfort University Leicester, April 2010 . Development of DNA sequence-based tests to discriminate Hypericum species. Caroline Howard, Mark Fowler, Paul Bremner, Nigel Scott and Adrian Slater. Invited talk given at the 2nd Annual Hypericum Meeting at the IPK in Gatersleben Germany, November 2009. Molecular Identification of Hypericum perforatum L. by PCR amplification of the rDNA ITS region. Caroline Howard, Paul Bremner, Mark Fowler and Adrian Slater. The African Journal of Traditional Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2009; World Conference on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Cape Town South Africa, November 2008. Molecular Identification of St John’s Wort by PCR amplification of the ITS1 Region: Implications for medicinal plant identification. Caroline Howard, Paul D. Bremner, Mark R. Fowler and Adrian Slater. Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 2008; 60: A10. British Pharmaceutical Conference, September 2008. DNA based identification of Hypericum perforatum /Medicinal Plants. Caroline Howard. Oral presentation to a meeting of King’s College London, Royal Botanic Gardens Kew and The London School of Pharmacy, February 2008. Posters Molecular identification and quantitation of Hypericum perforatum in mixed samples. Caroline Howard, Paul D Bremner, Mark R Fowler, Nigel W Scott and Adrian Slater. Planta Medica De Montfort University iv Caroline Howard 2009: 75; 9, 1000. 55th International Congress and Annual Meeting of the Society for Medicinal Plant Research and Natural Product Research, Geneva 2009. De Montfort University v Caroline Howard Contents Abstract .......................................................................................................................................... ii Acknowledgements ....................................................................................................................... iii Publications and Presentations ..................................................................................................... iv Figures ............................................................................................................................................ x Tables ........................................................................................................................................... xv 1 Introduction .......................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Medicinal Plant Usage and Regulation ......................................................................... 1 1.1.1 Medicinal Plant Usage ........................................................................................... 1 1.1.2 Medicinal Plant Legislation ................................................................................... 2 1.2 Current Medicinal Plant Identification Methods .......................................................... 4 1.2.1 Morphology ........................................................................................................... 5 1.2.2 Chemical Methods ................................................................................................ 5 1.3 DNA-Based Identification of Medicinal Plant Material ................................................. 7 1.3.1 Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) .................................................... 7 1.3.2 Sequence Characterised Amplified Region (SCAR) ............................................... 9 1.3.3 Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP) ........................................... 10 1.3.4 Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (AFLP) ............................................. 11 1.3.5 Amplification-Refractory Mutation System (ARMS) ........................................... 13 1.3.6 Simple Sequence Repeats (SSRs) ........................................................................ 13 1.3.7 Direct Sequencing ............................................................................................... 14 1.3.8 Advantages of DNA based Techniques ............................................................... 14 1.3.9 DNA Barcoding .................................................................................................... 15 1.4 Hypericum perforatum L., St John’s Wort ................................................................... 20 1.4.1 Efficacy ................................................................................................................ 20 1.4.2 Active Compounds .............................................................................................. 21 1.4.3 Drug Interactions ................................................................................................ 23 1.4.4 Morphological and Chemical Identification .......................................................
Recommended publications
  • Top 5 Take-Over Weeds Often Overlooked

    Top 5 Take-Over Weeds Often Overlooked

    14 HOME & GARDEN, DAILY COURIER, Grants Pass, Oregon • FRIDAY, APRIL 12, 2019 Top 5 take-over weeds often overlooked If you read through the list of noxious insects was initially prized. The Oregon where it is poisonous to livestock. weeds published by the Oregon Depart- Department of Agriculture named Buddle- St. Johnswort, Hypericum perforatum, ment of Agriculture, you may be surprised ja davidii as a noxious weed in 2010. is on the Oregon Department of Agricul- to see some old plant friends on the list. Butterfly Bush is a prolific seeder and ture noxious weed list. Tamer cousin St You may have been fighting to keep can easily spread by wind, water, or ani- John’s Wort, Hypericum kouytchense, is them under control mal contact. reportedly an invasive weed in Hawaii, but in your yard, but Reliably sterile varieties available that those who have a garden space where its Story by never considered are somewhat smaller and less showy aggressive nature can be successfully con- them weeds. Are than their invasive cousin are available. trolled may find it to be a useful ground Carolyn McCord they? More defini- And other attractive Buddleja cultivars cover that will grow when other plants tion of “weed” are available. Oregon State University struggle. Keeping control requires vigi- might help. provides information on landscape alter- lance. Avoid planting adjacent to woods, If you search online you will find that natives at pastures or untended land. Wikipedia says a weed is “a plant consid- landscapeplants.oregonstate.edu. • Scotch Broom, Cytisus scoparius, is a ered undesirable in a particular situation; • English Ivy Hedera helix is the lush common plant in our area but one to a plant in the wrong place.” green ivy ground cover and climber seen in avoid.
  • Survey of Roadside Alien Plants in Hawai`I Volcanoes National Park and Adjacent Residential Areas 2001–2005

    Survey of Roadside Alien Plants in Hawai`I Volcanoes National Park and Adjacent Residential Areas 2001–2005

    Technical Report HCSU-032 SURVEY OF ROADSIDE ALIEN PLANts IN HAWAI`I VOLCANOES NATIONAL PARK AND ADJACENT RESIDENTIAL AREAS 2001–2005 Linda W. Pratt1 Keali`i F. Bio2 James D. Jacobi1 1 U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center, Kilauea Field Station, P.O. Box 44, Hawaii National Park, HI 96718 2 Hawai‘i Cooperative Studies Unit, University of Hawai‘i at Hilo, P.O. Box 44, Hawai‘i National Park, HI 96718 Hawai‘i Cooperative Studies Unit University of Hawai‘i at Hilo 200 W. Kawili St. Hilo, HI 96720 (808) 933-0706 September 2012 This product was prepared under Cooperative Agreement CA03WRAG0036 for the Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center of the U.S. Geological Survey. Technical Report HCSU-032 SURVEY OF ROADSIDE ALIEN PLANTS IN HAWAI`I VOLCANOES NATIONAL PARK AND ADJACENT RESIDENTIAL AREAS 2001–2005 1 2 1 LINDA W. PRATT , KEALI`I F. BIO , AND JAMES D. JACOBI 1 U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center, Kīlauea Field Station, P.O. Box 44, Hawai`i Volcanoes National Park, HI 96718 2 Hawaii Cooperative Studies Unit, University of Hawai`i at Hilo, Hilo, HI 96720 Hawai`i Cooperative Studies Unit University of Hawai`i at Hilo 200 W. Kawili St. Hilo, HI 96720 (808) 933-0706 September 2012 This article has been peer reviewed and approved for publication consistent with USGS Fundamental Science Practices ( http://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1367/ ). Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.
  • Native Plants to Support Bumblebees at Risk

    Native Plants to Support Bumblebees at Risk

    Research-based native plants to support MA bumblebee species at risk. Plants supporting butterfly and other bee species at risk are also indicated. List created by Dr. Robert J Gegear, UMASS Dartmouth ([email protected]). Pollen Sources 'At risk' species BLOOM TIME BUMBLEBEES BUTTER OTHER LATIN NAME COMMON NAME PLANT TYPE SUN SOIL Early Mid Late B. B. B. FLIES BEES MAMJJASOterricola fervidus vagans Hypericum ascyron Great St. John’s-wort Herb. perenn. Full-Part Med NA Hypericum majus Greater St. John’s-wort Herb. perenn. Full-Part Med, Wet NA Hypericum punctatum Spotted St. John’s-wort Herb. perenn. Full-Part Med, Dry NA Hypericum prolificum Shrubby St. John’s-wort Shrub Full-Part Med, Dry NA Rosa acicularis Bristly rose Shrub Full-Shade Med, Dry NA Rosa blanda Smooth rose Shrub Full-Part Med, Dry NA Wet, Med, Rosa carolina Carolina rose Shrub Full-Part NA Dry Rosa nitida Shining rose Shrub Full-Part Wet, Med NA Rosa palustris Swamp rose Shrub Full-Part Med NA Rosa virginiana Virginia rose Shrub Full-Part Med NA Rubus odoratus Flowering raspberry Shrub Full-Part Med NA Salix discolor Pussy willow (male) Shrub Full Med NA Salix humilis Prairie willow (male) Shrub Full-Part Med, Dry NA Salix lucida Shining willow (male) Shrub Full-Part Med, wet NA Salix occidentalis Dwarf prairie willow (male) Shrub Full-Part Med, Dry NA Salix petiolaris Meadow willow (male) Shrub/sm tree Full-Part Med NA Dry, Med, Salix bebbiana Bebb willow (male) Shrub Full-Part NA Wet Spiraea alba White meadowsweet Shrub Full-Part Wet, Med NA Spiraea tomentosa Steeplebush Shrub Full-Part Wet NA BLOOM TIME BUMBLEBEES Nectar sources BUTTER OTHER Early Mid Late LATIN NAME COMMON NAME PLANT TYPE SUN SOIL B.
  • Utilizing Novel Grasslands for the Conservation and Restoration Of

    Utilizing Novel Grasslands for the Conservation and Restoration Of

    Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Graduate Theses and Dissertations Dissertations 2014 Utilizing novel grasslands for the conservation and restoration of butterflies nda other pollinators in agricultural ecosystems John Thomas Delaney Iowa State University Follow this and additional works at: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/etd Part of the Biodiversity Commons, Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Commons, Natural Resources and Conservation Commons, and the Natural Resources Management and Policy Commons Recommended Citation Delaney, John Thomas, "Utilizing novel grasslands for the conservation and restoration of butterflies and other pollinators in agricultural ecosystems" (2014). Graduate Theses and Dissertations. 14097. https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/etd/14097 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Dissertations at Iowa State University Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Graduate Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Iowa State University Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Utilizing novel grasslands for the conservation and restoration of butterflies and other pollinators in agricultural ecosystems by John Thomas Delaney A dissertation submitted to the graduate faculty in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Major: Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Program of Study Committee: Diane M. Debinski, Major Professor David M. Engle Mary A. Harris Amy L. Toth Brian J. Wilsey Iowa State University Ames, Iowa 2014 Copyright © John Thomas Delaney, 2014. All rights reserved. ii Dedication I dedicate this dissertation to all of my family, friends, and mentors who have helped me along in this journey.
  • Tutsan Local Priority Weed

    Tutsan Local Priority Weed

    Tutsan Local Priority Weed Under the NSW Biosecurity Act 2015, all landholders have a “General Biosecurity Duty” to manage any “Biosecurity Risk” posed or likely to be posed by Priority Weeds. These weeds can impact on human health, the economy, the liveability of our City and the environment. Impacts can include allergies and other health issues, costs of control, loss of tourism value, degradati on of natural landscapes, parks and recreati on faciliti es, reducti on of useful agricultural land and loss of primary producti on, loss of biodiversity and water quality. MANDATORY OUTCOME The plant should be fully and conti nuously suppressed and destroyed. Scienti fi c name Hypericum androsaemum and Hypericum kouytchense (syn.H. x moserianum) (Family: Clusiaceae) Descripti on Habit: A semi-evergreen shrub to 1.5 m. Stems are reddish and soft wooded, someti mes arching. Leaves: Leaves are stalk-less, green on the upper surface, paler greyish-green below, some turning red during autumn. When crushed, leaves have a slight curry-like aroma Flowers: Flowering in summer. Yellow fl owers are in clusters on the ti ps of branches. Fruit: Fruit contains many oval shaped brown seeds. Hypericum androsaemum has a fl eshy, berry- like fruit that turns red in autumn. The fruit of Hypericum kouytchense is a dry capsule. Photo source: J. Hill Photo source: P. Chrismas Blue Mountains City Council - Bushland Operati ons Team |htt p://www.bmcc.nsw.gov.au/weeds| Phone: 4780 5000 Fact Sheet Fact WEEDS ARE EVERYBODY’S RESPONSIBILITY zb3406loc-tutsan_bmc.indd 1 3/09/2018 4:00 PM Tutsan Local Priority Weed Dispersal Tutsan seeds do not have any special adaptati on for dispersal but are produced in large numbers.
  • Hypericum Scruglii Bacchetta, Brullo & Salmeri, Is It a Possible Natural

    Hypericum Scruglii Bacchetta, Brullo & Salmeri, Is It a Possible Natural

    Hypericum scruglii Bacchetta, Brullo & Salmeri, is it a possible natural resource against Fibromyalgia? Mauro Giovanni Carta, Maria Manconi, Gianluigi Bacchetta, Germano Orrù, Maria Cristina Deiddda, Mario Musu, Gabriele Finco, Abstract Background Fibromyalgia (FM) is today a serious public health issue. Tested treatments have shown limited efficacy. Oxidative stress probably interacting with the glutamatergic / gamma - Aminobutyric acid balance may play a role. Antidepressants improve sleep and mood especially those with double action on serotonin and norepinephrine, but these are also those with a greater risk of manic switch considering the high frequency of comorbidity with bipolar disorders. Methods This narrative review tries to evaluate, on the basis of in vitro and animal studies, the potential utility in fibromyalgia of Hypericum Scruglii, an endemic species peculiar to the island of Sardinia. Results The studies that have verified the antidepressant efficacy of Hypericum Perforatum and the first attempts of its use in fibromyalgia are reported as well as the studies that found the phloroglucinol derivatives from Hypericum longistylum (well-known in traditonal Chinese medicine) that facilitate the differentiation of neural progenitor cells, and increase the efficiency of differentiation into serotonergic neurons. Conclusions The advantage of Hypericum Scruglii may be represented by the anti-oxidant potential revealed to be greater than in other species of the same genus. The paper also describes new approaches to improving the oral bioavailability of very poor water-soluble molecules of hypericum extracts. Introduction Fibromyalgia (FM) is a central sensitization syndrome with around 3% of prevalence in western societies, especially frequent in women [1]. The best-known symptom is chronic widespread pain; other syndromes such as fatigue, anxiety, mood disorders, and dysregulation of biological rhythms with sleep disturbances frequently accompanied by pain [2].
  • Meadow and Woodland Toolkit

    Meadow and Woodland Toolkit

    Meadow & Woodland Toolkit PEOPLE FOR POLLINATORS EXISTING CONDITIONS People for Pollinators is a 8,700 sq.ft planted mead- particular) but also with regards to aesthetics and the ow surrounded by fencing, with a planted shrub visitor experience. layer on the south side of the fence, adjacent to woodland edges and open fields abutting the Lincoln LLCT’s goals for the site include expanding public Public Schools property. The site is situated on the education and programming; access to the location, northernmost portion of a 10.2-acre site owned and therefore, needs to be more clear and welcoming. protected by LLCT. The soils are mesic and nearly The meadow is currently surrounded by an 8 ft. tall all of the site is in full sun. chain link fence, with only one gate for entry, sit- uated on the northern side. The fence was initially Since 2016, LLCT has managed the site for native installed to prevent deer browse and to deter dog pollinators by direct seeding and planting a variety of forbs, graminoids and shrubs. Approximately 25- 35% of the fenced in meadow remains as non-native grasses and common weeds. After an initial survey of plant species diversity on the site by Evan Abramson and Adam Kohl of Landscape Interactions in 2019, Dr. Gegear sur- veyed the site for bumblebees and at-risk butterflies multiple times in 2020. While pollinator populations at the site were categorized as “high abundance, high diversity” by Dr. Gegear, a lot of room remains for improvement, not only in native plant species diver- sity (early season pollen sources and host plants in 38 LINCOLN POLLINATOR ACTION PLAN Off-Site Emergent Wetland Lincoln Public School Parking Lot PASTURE Path to Site walkers from allowing their dogs off leash.
  • Task Force on Landscape Heritage and Plant Diversity Has Determined Initial Designations

    Task Force on Landscape Heritage and Plant Diversity Has Determined Initial Designations

    THE UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA AT CHAPEL HILL TASK FORCE ON LANDSCAPE HERITAGE & PLANT DIVERSITY nd 2 EDITION APPROVED BY THE CHANCELLORS BUILDINGS AND GROUNDS COMMITTEE February, 2005 This report is the product of a more than one-year-long effort from concerned members of the University of North Carolina community to ensure that the culturally, historically, and ecologically significant trees and landscaped spaces of the Chapel Hill campus are preserved and maintained in a manner befitting their beauty and grandeur. At the time of this writing, Carolina is in the middle of the most significant building and renovation period in its history. Such a program poses many significant challenges to the survival and well-being of our cherished trees and landscapes. This report attempts to identify, promote awareness, and provide guidelines for both the protection and enhancement of the grounds of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Furthermore, this report is intended to work within the framework of two earlier documents that help guide development of the campus: the 2002 UNC Master Plan and the 1997 Report of the Chancellor’s Task Force on Intellectual Climate at UNC. We hope that members of the university community as well as outside consultants and contractors will find this information both useful and pertinent. The Taskforce on Landscape Heritage and Plant Diversity 1 This report is the product of a more than one-year-long effort from concerned members of the University of North Carolina community to ensure that the culturally, historically, and ecologically significant trees and landscaped spaces of the Chapel Hill campus are preserved and maintained in a manner befitting their beauty and grandeur.
  • Linnaeus' Philosophia Botanica

    Linnaeus' Philosophia Botanica

    linnaeus’ Philosophia Botanica STEPHEN FREER Stephen Freer, born at Little Compton in1920, was a classical scholar at Eton and Trinity College Cambridge. In 1940, he was approached by the Foreign Office and worked at Bletchley Park and in London. Later, Stephen was employed by the Historical Manuscripts Commission, retiring in 1962 due to ill health. He has continued to work since then, first as a volunteer for the MSS department of the Bodleian Library with Dr William Hassall, and then on a part-time basis at the Oxfordshire County Record. In 1988, he was admitted as a lay reader in the Diocese of Oxford. His previous book was a translation of Wharton’s Adenographia, published by OUP in 1996. A fellow of the Linneau Society of London, Stephen lives with his wife Frederica in Gloucestershire. They have a daughter, Isabel. COVER ILLUSTRATION Rosemary Wise, who designed and painted the garland of flowers on the book cover, is the botanical illustrator in the Department of Plant Sciences in the University of Oxford, associate staff at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, and a fellow of the Linneau Society of London. In1932 Carl Linnaeus made an epic journey to Lapland, the vast area across arctic Norway, Sweden, and Finland. In 1988, to mark the bicentenary of the Linneau Society of London, a group from Great Britain and Sweden retraced his route. Rosemary, was the official artist and the flowers featured here are taken from ones painted at that time, plants with which Linnaeus would have been familiar. The garland of flowers surrounds an image of the medallion portrait of Linnaeus by C.
  • Plant Species First Recognised As Naturalised Or Naturalising for New South Wales in 2004 and 2005

    Plant Species First Recognised As Naturalised Or Naturalising for New South Wales in 2004 and 2005

    Plant species first recognised as naturalised or naturalising for New South Wales in 2004 and 2005 John R. Hosking1, Barry J. Conn2, Brendan J. Lepschi3 and Clive H. Barker4 1Industry & Investment New South Wales, 4 Marsden Park Road, Calala, NSW 2340, Australia; [email protected] 2National Herbarium of New South Wales, Royal Botanic Gardens, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia; [email protected] 3Australian National Herbarium, Centre for Plant Biodiversity Research, GPO Box 1600, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia; [email protected] 428 Wallis Street, Lawson, NSW 2783, Australia: [email protected] Abstract: Information is provided on the taxonomy and distribution of 62 taxa of naturalised or naturalising plants newly recorded for the state of New South Wales during the period 1 January 2004 and 31 December 2005 and 1 species treated in the 2002 revised Flora of New South Wales Volume 2 but overlooked in an earlier paper of this series. Of these taxa, 17 are new records for Australia (prefaced with a †). The 62 taxa are: Acer palmatum, †Acer saccharinum, Achillea filipendulina, Acokanthera oblongifolia, †Anemone hupehensis var. japonica, Berberis aquifolium, †Bidens aurea, †Brugmansia suaveolens, Brugmansia x candida, Buddleja dysophylla, †Convolvulus farinosus, Cordyline australis, Coriandrum sativum, Corymbia citriodora (Australian species naturalised outside its native range), Crassula ericoides subsp. ericoides, Crotalaria retusa (Australian species naturalised outside its native range), Cyperus prolifer, Echinochloa
  • Hort Pro Version V List For

    Hort Pro Version V List For

    HORTICOPIA® Professional Woody Plus Refresh Library Plant List Name Name Abelia 'Mardi Gras' Acalypha wilkesiana 'Petticoat' Abelia x grandiflora 'John Creech' Acer buergerianum 'Goshiki kaede' Abelia x grandiflora 'Sunshine Daydream' Acer campestre 'Carnival' Abelia schumannii 'Bumblebee' Acer campestre 'Evelyn (Queen Elizabeth™)' Abies concolor 'Compacta' Acer campestre 'Postelense' Abies concolor 'Violacea' Acer campestre 'Tauricum' Abies holophylla Acer campestre var. austriacum Abies koreana 'Compact Dwarf' Acer cissifolium ssp. henryi Abies koreana 'Prostrate Beauty' Acer davidii ssp. grosseri Abies koreana 'Silberlocke' Acer elegantulum Abies nordmanniana 'Lowry' Acer x freemanii 'Armstrong II' Abies nordmanniana 'Tortifolia' Acer x freemanii 'Celzam' Abies pindrow Acer x freemanii 'Landsburg (Firedance®)' Abies pinsapo 'Glauca' Acer x freemanii 'Marmo' Abies sachalinensis Acer x freemanii 'Morgan' Abutilon pictum 'Aureo-maculatum' Acer x freemanii 'Scarlet Sentenial™' Acacia albida Acer heldreichii Acacia cavenia Acer hyrcanum Acacia coriacea Acer mandschuricum Acacia erioloba Acer maximowiczianum Acacia estrophiolata Acer miyabei 'Morton (State Street®)' Acacia floribunda Acer mono Acacia galpinii Acer mono f. dissectum Acacia gerrardii Acer mono ssp. okamotoanum Acacia graffiana Acer monspessulanum Acacia karroo Acer monspessulanum var. ibericum Acacia nigricans Acer negundo 'Aureo-marginata' Acacia nilotica Acer negundo 'Sensation' Acacia peuce Acer negundo 'Variegatum' Acacia polyacantha Acer oliverianum Acacia pubescens Acer
  • 2013 UDBG Spring Plant Sale Catalog

    2013 UDBG Spring Plant Sale Catalog

    Our gates are open wide! Enjoy the region’s finest wildflower garden all spring, summer and fall. Every Friday and Saturday from April 19th to November 10th, Mt. Cuba Center will be open from 10AM to 4PM. Get involved in discovery stations and behind-the-scenes excursions that focus on what’s in bloom around you. No reservations required. $6 Adults, $4 Ages 5-16, Free for children under 5. Guided tours of the garden are available on Thursdays and Sundays. Our friendly and knowledgeable docents will lead you on an intimate 2-hour visit that focuses on the history, design and plant diversity that makes Mt. Cuba Center a unique local treasure. Reservations required. $10. “I want this to be a place where people will learn to appreciate our native plants and to see how these Trumpet-creeper plants can enrich their lives so that (Campsis radicans) they, in turn, will become conservators of our natural habitats.” - Mrs. Lammot du Pont Copeland Hockessin, DE PH: 302-239-4244 www.MtCubaCenter.Org INSPIRATION | EDUCATION | CONSERVATION WELCOME I welcome you to the twenty first annual UDBG benefit plant sale. The arrival of this catalog is a good sign that spring is near. Receiving spring catalogs is like receiving the old Sears catalog before Christmas. Time to 2013 BENEFIT PLANT SALE CATALOG peruse the pages, sift through the plant descriptions, make your list (and check it twice), and envision the additions in your garden. You can almost feel the warm spring breeze and smell the colors of spring. This year’s featured plant is flowering quince, an old time favorite that is regaining popularity, due in part to the amazing new cultivars.