Flora of the Carolinas, Virginia, and Georgia, Working Draft of 17 March 2004 -- FUMARIACEAE
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Flora of the Carolinas, Virginia, and Georgia, Working Draft of 17 March 2004 -- FUMARIACEAE FUMARIACEAE Augustin de Candolle 1821 (Fumitory Family) This family includes 15-20 genera and 500-600 species, herbs, mostly north temperate. The Fumariaceae should likely be merged into the Papaveraceae (Lidén 1981, 1986; Lidén et al. 1997; Judd, Sanders, & Donoghue 1994). References: Stern in FNA (1997); Hill (1992); Lidén (1986, 1981); Lidén et al. (1997); Lidén in Kubitzki, Rohwer, & Bittrich (1993). 1 Corolla with the 2 outer petals spurred or saccate at their bases; [tribe Corydaleae]. 2 Plant a caulescent herbaceous vine (acaulescent in its first year, and appearing to be an herb); ultimate leaf segments 5- 10 mm wide............................................................................. Adlumia 2 Plant an acaulescent herb with basal leaves; ultimate leaf segments 1-4 mm wide. 3 Leaves basal only .................................................................... Dicentra 3 Leaves cauline and basal ....................................................... [Lamprocapnos] 1 Corolla with only 1 outer petal spurred or saccate at its base. 4 Ovary and fruit subglobose, with 1 seed; [tribe Fumarieae] ......................................... Fumaria 4 Ovary and fruit elongate, with several to many seeds; [tribe Corydaleae]. 5 Flowers pink, the petals tipped with yellow; plant biennial; stem erect, 3-8 (-10) dm tall; capsules erect, 25-35 mm long ............................................................................ Capnoides 5 Flowers yellow; plant annual; stem erect, decumbent, or prostrate, 1-3 (-4) dm tall; capsules erect, ascending, divergent, or pendent, 10-20 (-25) mm long................................................ Corydalis Adlumia Rafinesque ex Augustin de Candolle 1821 (Climbing Fumitory) A genus of 2 species, herbs, of e. North America, Korea, and Manchuria. References: Boufford in FNA (1997); Lidén in Kubitzki, Rohwer, & Bittrich (1993). Adlumia fungosa (Aiton) Greene ex Britton, Sterns, & Poggenberg, Alleghany-vine, Cliff-Harlequin, Climbing Fumitory. Mt (NC, VA): cliffs, talus, rocky slopes, rich stream-bottom forests, cool rocky forests; rare (NC Rare, VA Watch List). June- September. Québec west to WI and MN, south to DE, NC, TN, and IN. [= RAB, C, F, FNA, G, K, S, W] Capnoides P. Miller 1754 (Rock Harlequin) The genus is monotypic, an herb, of n. North America. Recent studies have emphasized its distinction from Corydalis, and its closer relationship to Adlumia and Dicentra than to Corydalis (Lidén 1981, 1986; Lidén et al. 1997). References: Stern in FNA (1997); Ownbey (1947)=Z; Lidén (1981, 1986); Lidén et al. (1997); Lidén in Kubitzki, Rohwer, & Bittrich (1993). Capnoides sempervirens (Linnaeus) Borkhausen, Rock Harlequin, Tall Corydalis, Pink Corydalis, Pale Corydalis. Mt (GA, NC, SC, VA), Pd (NC, VA): rock outcrops, especially granitic exfoliation domes, but also quartzite, greenstone, and sandstone; uncommon (rare in NC and VA Piedmont) (GA Special Concern). April-June; May-July. Newfoundland west to AK, south to NJ, PA, in and near the mountains to ne. GA, n. OH, n. IN, MN, MT, and British Columbia. [= S; Corydalis sempervirens (Linnaeus) Persoon -- RAB, C, F, FNA, G, K, W, Z] Corydalis Augustin de Candolle 1805 (Corydalis) (also see Capnoides) A genus of about 400 species, herbs, of temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere (especially China and the Himalayas). References: Stern in FNA (1997); Ownbey (1947)=Z; Lidén in Kubitzki, Rohwer, & Bittrich (1993). 1 Flowers pink, the petals tipped with yellow; plant biennial; stem erect, 3-8 (-10) dm tall; capsules erect, 25-35 mm long . ...................................................................................... [Capnoides] 1 Flowers yellow; plant annual; stem erect, decumbent, or prostrate, 1-3 (-4) dm tall; capsules erect, ascending, divergent, or pendent, 10-20 (-25) mm long. 2 Fruits pendent or divergent; spurred petal 7-9 mm long; seeds 2-2.5 mm wide, with a narrow, acute ring-margin . ..................................................................................... C. flavula 2 Fruits erect or ascending; spurred petal 10-15 mm long; seeds 1.0-2.0 mm wide, without a narrow, acute ring-margin. 3 Capsules ca. 1.0 mm in diameter, strongly constricted between the seeds at maturity; inflorescence long, usually far exceeding the poorly-developed upper leaves; ultimate leaf segments 0.5-1.5 (-3.0) mm wide; seeds less than 1.5 mm wide; plant slightly to strongly glaucous; [plants of sandy soils of the outer Coastal Plain] . ................................................................... C. micrantha var. australis 3 Capsules 1.5-2.0 mm in diameter, slightly or not at all constricted between the seeds at maturity; inflorescence relatively short, barely (if at all) overtopping the upper leaves; ultimate leaf segments 1.0-2.0 (-4.0) mm wide; seeds more than 1.5 mm wide; plant green to slightly glaucous; [plants of circumneutral rock outcrops of the upper Piedmont and Mountains] .............................................. C. micrantha var. micrantha 357 Flora of the Carolinas, Virginia, and Georgia, Working Draft of 17 March 2004 -- FUMARIACEAE Corydalis flavula (Rafinesque) Augustin de Candolle, Short-spurred Corydalis. Pd, Mt, Cp (GA, NC, SC, VA): rich moist forests, especially alluvial forests, glades and outcrops over mafic rocks (such as greenstone); common (rare in NC and SC Coastal Plain) (GA Special Concern). March-April; May-June. S. CT, NY, and s. Ontario west to SD, south to NC, AL, LA, and OK. [= RAB, C, F, FNA, G, K, W, Z; Capnoides flavulum (Rafinesque) Kuntze -- S] Corydalis micrantha (Engelmann ex A. Gray) A. Gray var. australis (Chapman) Shinners, Southern Corydalis. Cp (GA, NC, SC): sandy roadsides and disturbed areas; uncommon. March-April; May-June. Ssp. australis ranges from e. NC south to FL, west to TX, and inland north to MO and OK. F and S recognized it as a species distinct from C. micrantha; Ownbey reduced it to a subspecies, citing inadequate morphological differences and some alleged intermediates in OK and MO. In our area, the 2 taxa appear readily separable on morphological, ecological, and geographical grounds; species status may be warranted. [= C; Corydalis micrantha (Engelmann ex A. Gray) A. Gray ssp. australis (Chapman) G.B. Ownbey -- RAB, FNA, K, Z; Corydalis halei (Small) Fernald & Schubert -- F; Corydalis micrantha -- G, infraspecific taxa not distinguished; Capnoides halei Small -- S] Corydalis micrantha (Engelmann ex A. Gray) A. Gray var. micrantha, Slender Corydalis. Mt, Pd (NC): circumneutral rock outcrops and adjacent glades and woodlands; rare (NC Rare). April; June. Ssp. micrantha is primarily midwestern, ranging from IL, WI, MN, and SD south to AR, TX, and OK, with disjunct outliers in e. TN and w. NC. Ownbey (1947) had no records of Southern Appalachian populations of C. micrantha, and considered ssp. micrantha to range no further east than IL and MO; RAB included montane populations in ssp. australis, stating "this is the only [subspecies] in our range." Morphologically, however, these populations closely resemble ssp. micrantha; their association in the Brushy Mountains with other species disjunct from western or prairie ranges (Anemone berlandieri, Arabis hirsuta, Pellaea wrightiana) provides phytogeographic corroboration. [= C; Corydalis micrantha (Engelmann ex A. Gray) A. Gray ssp. micrantha -- FNA, K, Z; Corydalis micrantha -- F (narrow sense); Corydalis micrantha -- G, infraspecific taxa not distinguished; Capnoides micranthum (Engelmann ex A. Gray) Britton -- S] Corydalis aurea Willdenow, south and east to MD, WV (?), and PA (Kartesz 1999). [= K] {not yet keyed} Corydalis crystallina Engelmann, is reported to occur in c. GA (Jones & Coile 1988). [= FNA, K] {not yet keyed} Dicentra Bernhardi 1833 A genus of about 12 species, perennial herbs, with a relictual north temperate distribution: e. North America, w. North America, and e. Asia. References: Stern in FNA (1997); Stern (1961)=Z; Lidén in Kubitzki, Rohwer, & Bittrich (1993). 1 Leaves cauline and basal ......................................................[Lamprocapnos spectabilis] 1 Leaves basal only. 2 Flowers pink, in panicles; rootstock lacking bulblets; ultimate leaf segments generally 3-parted, each part 2-5 mm wide at base, gradually tapering to the tip. 3 Reflexed portions of the outer sepals 4-8 mm long; [plants native and cultivated] . D. eximia 3 Reflexed portions of the outer sepals 2-5 mm long; [plants cultivated] . [D. formosa ssp. formosa] 2 Flowers white or yellowish (very rarely pinkish), in racemes; rootstock with bulblets; ultimate leaf segments not generally 3-parted, about 1 (-3) mm wide, with parallel sides for most of their length, then tapering suddenly to the tip. 4 Spurs of the corolla rounded, incurved, 2-5 mm long; bulblets yellow, spherical . D. canadensis 4 Spurs of the corolla elongate, divergent, 7-9 mm longl bulblets white to pink, tear-shaped (narrowed upwards) . ...............................................................................D. cucullaria Dicentra canadensis (Goldie) Walpers, Squirrel Corn. Mt (GA, NC, VA), Pd, Cp (NC, VA): rich, moist forests, especially rich cove forests in the mountains; common (uncommon in VA Piedmont, rare in Coastal Plain, rare or extirpated in NC Piedmont) (GA Special Concern). April-May; June. S. ME west to s. MN, south to w. NC, n. GA, TN, and MO. [= RAB, C, F, FNA, G, K, W; Bicuculla canadensis (Goldie) Millspaugh -- S] Dicentra cucullaria (Linnaeus)