Observations on the Springtail Leaping Organ and Jumping Mechanism Worked by a Spring
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The Changing of the Guard in White Grub Control Insecticides
A PRACTICAL RESEARCH DIGEST FOR TURF MANAGERS Volume 10, Issue 6 • June 2001 ¡TURFGRASS PEST CONTROL IN THIS ISSUE • The changing of the The Changing of the guard in white grub Guard in White Grub control insecticides 1 Organophosphate/ Control Insecticides carbamate update New product information By Kevin Mathias Natural control influence of insecticides combination of federal regulatory rulings and economic decisions by insecticide Multiple targeting manufacturers has dramatically changed the landscape of white grub insecticides A and control strategies. At the beginning of the 1990's white grub control insecti- • Site analysis for golf cides consisted mainly of organophosphate and carbamate based chemistries with only a course development 7 few biorational products available (Table 1). As a group, the organophosphate and car- Climate bamate insecticides, have a relatively short residual activity and are highly efficacious when used in curative control programs. Topography Optimum results are attained if the products are applied in mid to late August or into September, as white grub damage is first noticed and Drainage patterns when the grubs are young and relatively small. Optimum results are Water availability As we enter the new millennium many of the cura- attained if the tive control products have been replaced by a group of Soils and geology products are applied new insecticides. These insecticides, Merit and Mach 2, offer greater applicator safety, have less adverse effect Environmental issues in mid to late August on the environment, provide a longer window of appli- Wetlands or into September, as cation due to their extended soil residual activities, have minimal impact on beneficial predators, and pro- Water quality white grub damage vide excellent control (+90%) of white grubs. -
Springtails in Sugarbeet: Identification, Biology, And
E-1205 SpringtailsSpringtails in Sugarbeet: Figure 1. Adult springtail (40x magnification). Identification, Biology, and Management Mark A. Boetel, Research and Extension Entomologist Robert J. Dregseth, Research Specialist Introduction Mohamed F. R. Khan, Extension Sugarbeet Specialist Springtails are tiny, wingless, primitive animals commonly placed into the insect order Collembola. They are so unusual that some experts classify them as non-insects. Springtails Description are one of the most abundant and diverse animal groups on Springtails can vary in color from white to yellow, earth with over 6,000 described species and an estimated orange, metallic green, lavender, gray, or red. A tiny tube eight times as many remaining to be identified. on the abdomen, the collophore, is common to all spring- The springtails have worldwide distribution and tails. The collophore is mostly needed for maintaining occupy a diverse habitat range that includes soil, algae, old optimal water balance but also functions in some species as snowbanks, beaches, caves, cisterns, vacant bird nests, a sticky appendage for adhering to surfaces. The name tropical rain forest canopies, tidal pools, deserts, the “springtail” refers to an unusual forked organ, the furcula, surfaces of freshwater ponds and streams, and even the that arises near the posterior end of some species. It enables frozen terrain of Antarctica. However, they are most them to jump when disturbed. The furcula is usually folded abundant in warm, moist environments. Economically forward along the underside of the body and held in place important species in North Dakota and Minnesota with a clasp called the tenaculum. To jump, the springtail sugarbeet fields are the soil-inhabiting springtails. -
13 Index of Common Names
Index of Common Names BITING/STINGING/VENOMOUS PESTS Bees ………………………………………………………… 6 Honey bee…………………………………………………6 Africanized bees……………………………………….. 7 Bumblebee…………………………………………………….9 Carpenter bee……………………………………………….9 Digger bee………………………………………………………11 Leaf cutter bee………………………………………………….12 Sweat bee………………………………………………………..13 Wasps…………………………………………………………….14 Tarantula hawk…………………………………………………14 Yellowjacket……………………………………………………….15 Aerial yellowjacket ……………………………………………….15,16 Common yellowjacket ……………………………………………….15 German yellowjacket……………………………………………….15 Western yellowjacket……………………………………………….15 Paper wasp………………………………………………. 18 Brown paper wasp……………………………………………….18 Common paper wasp ……………………………………………….18 European paper wasp……………………………………………….18 Navajo paper wasp……………………………………………….18,19 Yellow paper wasp……………………………………………….18,19 Western paper wasp……………………………………………….18 Mud dauber………………………………………………. 20 Black and blue mud dauber……………………………..………………….20 Black and yellow mud dauber……………………………………………….20 Organ pipe mud dauber……………………………………………….20,21 Velvet ant……………………………………………………21 Scorpions………………………………………………………23 Arizona bark scorpion……………………………………………….23 Giant hairy scorpion ……………………………………………….24 Striped-tail scorpion……………………………………………….25 Yellow ground scorpion……………………………………………….25 Spiders…………………………………………………………..26 Cellar spider……………………………………………….2 6 Recluse spider……………………………………………….27 Tarantula…………………………………………………. 28 Widow spider……………………………………………….29 Scorpion/spider look-alikes……………………………………………….30 Pseudoscorpion……………………………………………….30 Solifugid/wind -
Occasional Invaders
This publication is no longer circulated. It is preserved here for archival purposes. Current information is at https://extension.umd.edu/hgic HG 8 2000 Occasional Invaders Centipedes Centipede Millipede doors and screens, and by removal of decaying vegetation, House Centipede leaf litter, and mulch from around the foundations of homes. Vacuum up those that enter the home and dispose of the bag outdoors. If they become intolerable and chemical treatment becomes necessary, residual insecticides may be Centipedes are elongate, flattened animals with one pair of used sparingly. Poisons baits may be used outdoors with legs per body segment. The number of legs may vary from caution, particularly if there are children or pets in the home. 10 to over 100, depending on the species. They also have A residual insecticide spray applied across a door threshold long jointed antennae. The house centipede is about an inch may prevent the millipedes from entering the house. long, gray, with very long legs. It lives outdoors as well as indoors, and may be found in bathrooms, damp basements, Sowbugs and Pillbugs closets, etc. it feeds on insects and spiders. If you see a centipede indoors, and can’t live with it, escort it outdoors. Sowbugs and pillbugs are the only crustaceans that have Centipedes are beneficial by helping controlArchived insect pests and adapted to a life on land. They are oval in shape, convex spiders. above, and flat beneath. They are gray in color, and 1/2 to 3/4 of an inch long. Sowbugs have two small tail-like Millipedes appendages at the rear, and pillbugs do not. -
Springtails1 P
ENY-228 Springtails1 P. G. Koehler, M. L. Aparicio, and M. Pfiester2 organic material and other nutrients to return to the soil; these nutrients are later used by plants. Occasionally, springtails attack young seedlings and may damage the roots and stems. Biology and Description The Order Collembola has two suborders easily distin- guished by their body shape. One appears linear (Figure 1), while the other appears globular (Figure 2). These suborders are further divided into families that contain the separate species. Only seven families include the 650 species in North America. Worldwide, 3,600 species have been discovered. This fact sheet is included in SP134: Pests in and around the Florida Home, which is available from the UF/IFAS Extension Bookstore. http:// ifasbooks.ifas.ufl.edu/p-154-pests-in-andaroundthe-florida-home.aspx Figure 1. A linear springtail. Springtails are minute insects without wings in the Order Springtails range in length from 0.25 to 6 mm, but are Collembola. They occur in large numbers in moist soil and normally about 1 mm long. Colors range from white to can be found in homes with high humidity, organic debris, yellow, gray, or blue-gray. Attached to the tip of the abdo- or mold. Homeowners sometimes discover these insects men is a forked appendage resembling a lever and called occurring in large numbers in swimming pools, potted the furcula. At rest, a clasp called the tenaculum holds the plants, or in moist soil and mulch. They feed on fungi, furcula to the abdomen. When disturbed or threatened, fungal spores, and decaying, damp vegetation, causing the springtail’s tenaculum releases the furcula, which then 1. -
Visions & Reflections on the Origin of Smell: Odorant Receptors in Insects
Cell. Mol. Life Sci. 63 (2006) 1579–1585 1420-682X/06/141579-7 DOI 10.1007/s00018-006-6130-7 Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences © Birkhäuser Verlag, Basel, 2006 Visions & Reflections On the ORigin of smell: odorant receptors in insects R. Benton Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Behavior, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, Box 63, New York, New York 10021 (USA), Fax: +1 212 327 7238, e-mail: [email protected] Received 23 March 2006; accepted 28 April 2006 Online First 19 June 2006 Abstract. Olfaction, the sense of smell, depends on large, suggested that odours are perceived by a conserved mecha- divergent families of odorant receptors that detect odour nism. Here I review recent revelations of significant struc- stimuli in the nose and transform them into patterns of neu- tural and functional differences between the Drosophila ronal activity that are recognised in the brain. The olfactory and mammalian odorant receptor proteins and discuss the circuits in mammals and insects display striking similarities implications for our understanding of the evolutionary and in their sensory physiology and neuroanatomy, which has molecular biology of the insect odorant receptors. Keywords. Olfaction, odorant receptor, signal transduction, GPCR, neuron, insect, mammal, evolution. Olfaction: the basics characterised by the presence of seven membrane-span- ning segments with an extracellular N terminus. OR pro- Olfaction is used by most animals to extract vital infor- teins are exposed to odours on the ciliated endings of olf- mation from volatile chemicals in the environment, such actory sensory neuron (OSN) dendrites in the olfactory as the presence of food or predators. -
10010 Processing Mites and Springtails
Alberta Biodiversity Monitoring Institute www.abmi.ca Processing Mites (Oribatids) and Springtails (Collembola) Version 2009-05-08 May 2009 ALBERTA BIODIVERSITY MONITORING INSTITUTE Acknowledgements Jeff Battegelli reviewed the literature and suggested protocols for sampling mites and springtails. These protocols were refined based on field testing and input from Heather Proctor. The present document was developed by Curtis Stambaugh and Christina Sobol, with the training material compiled by Brian Carabine. Jim Schieck provided input on earlier drafts of the present document. Updates to this document were incorporated by Dave Walter and Robert Hinchliffe. Disclaimer These standards and protocols were developed and released by the ABMI. The material in this publication does not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of any individual or organization other than the ABMI. Moreover, the methods described in this publication do not necessarily reflect the views or opinions of the individual scientists participating in methodological development or review. Errors, omissions, or inconsistencies in this publication are the sole responsibility of ABMI. The ABMI assumes no liability in connection with the information products or services made available by the Institute. While every effort is made to ensure the information contained in these products and services is correct, the ABMI disclaims any liability in negligence or otherwise for any loss or damage which may occur as a result of reliance on any of this material. All information products and services are subject to change by the ABMI without notice. Suggested Citation: Alberta Biodiversity Monitoring Institute, 2009. Processing Mites and Springtails (10010), Version 2009-05-08. -
Unit 6 in Entomology [1] Unit Six. Reception and Integration: the Insect Nervous System. [2] in This Unit, You'll Need to Desc
Unit 6 in Entomology [1] Unit six. Reception and Integration: The Insect Nervous System. [2] In this unit, you'll need to describe the origin of the insect nervous system, identify the major structures of the insect nervous system and describe their function, compare and contrast the physical structure and functions of compound eyes and simple eyes, differentiate between the two types of simple eyes and describe the four types of mechanical receptors insects possess. [3] Have you ever thought about how insects receive information from their environment? We use all of our five senses, but what about insects? Think about this. Do they have eyes? Yeah, mostly. Do they have a nose? The answer may seem obvious to you: insects don't have noses, but have you ever thought about how they smell or do they even smell? Well, yes, they do. They have receptors on their antenna and other parts of their body to pick up scents. In order to understand how an insect picks up a scent, let's first look at how humans do it. [4] Someone is baking luscious bread in the kitchen. As you walk by the kitchen, chemical molecules mixed with the steam waft up from the cooking food and enter your nose. The molecules then bind to tiny hairs in the nasal cavity. These hairs are extensions of olfactory nerve cells. Nerve cells are also called neurons. The binding of the chemical causes your olfactory nerves to fire and send a message to your brain. There, the brain interprets the message and fires another nerve cell in response that stimulates your salivary glands. -
A Seasonal Guide to New York City's Invertebrates
CENTER FOR BIODIVERSITY AND CONSERVATION A Seasonal Guide to New York City’s Invertebrates Elizabeth A. Johnson with illustrations by Patricia J. Wynne CENTER FOR BIODIVERSITY AND CONSERVATION A Seasonal Guide to New York City’s Invertebrates Elizabeth A. Johnson with illustrations by Patricia J. Wynne Ellen V. Futter, President Lewis W. Bernard, Chairman, Board of Trustees Michael J. Novacek, Senior Vice-President and Provost of Science TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction.................................................................................2-3 Rules for Exploring When to Look Where to Look Spring.........................................................................................4-11 Summer ...................................................................................12-19 Fall ............................................................................................20-27 Winter ......................................................................................28-35 What You Can Do to Protect Invertebrates.............................36 Learn More About Invertebrates..............................................37 Map of Places Mentioned in the Text ......................................38 Thanks to all those naturalists who contributed information and to our many helpful reviewers: John Ascher, Allen Barlow, James Carpenter, Kefyn Catley, Rick Cech, Mickey Maxwell Cohen, Robert Daniels, Mike Feller, Steven Glenn, David Grimaldi, Jay Holmes, Michael May, E.J. McAdams, Timothy McCabe, Bonnie McGuire, Ellen Pehek, Don -
Wireless and Battery-Free Technologies for Neuroengineering
REVIEW ARTICLE https://doi.org/10.1038/s41551-021-00683-3 Wireless and battery-free technologies for neuroengineering Sang Min Won1,14, Le Cai2,14, Philipp Gutruf 2,3,4 ✉ and John A. Rogers 5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13 ✉ Tethered and battery-powered devices that interface with neural tissues can restrict natural motions and prevent social interac- tions in animal models, thereby limiting the utility of these devices in behavioural neuroscience research. In this Review Article, we discuss recent progress in the development of miniaturized and ultralightweight devices as neuroengineering platforms that are wireless, battery-free and fully implantable, with capabilities that match or exceed those of wired or battery-powered alter- natives. Such classes of advanced neural interfaces with optical, electrical or fluidic functionality can also combine recording and stimulation modalities for closed-loop applications in basic studies or in the practical treatment of abnormal physiological processes. dvances in electronic, optoelectronic and microfluidic inter- systems that exploit schemes in wireless power transfer, communi- faces with living biosystems serve as foundations for ver- cation and digital control to support applications in neuroscience satile devices capable of interrogating and modulating the research and more generally in the monitoring of broad types of A 1–5 31–33 behaviour of the central and peripheral nervous systems . Beyond physiological processes . their use in fundamental research, interfaces to neural tissues are Commonly used -
Origin of the Arthropod Mandible
Origin of the arthropod mandible SIR - Arthropods, vast in number and for investigating the structure of the with enormous variation in body forms, mandibles (whole limb versus limb base are a fascinating group. We have found only). In the millipede Oxidus gracilis (a in that myriapods (millipedes, centipedes the figure), Dll is expressed in the distal and allies) have different mandibular ori part of the mandibles, as predicted in ref. gins from insects and crustaceans, which is 4, indicating their whole-limb structure. of consequence for resolving phylogenetic In light of the recent discovery of the relationships among major groups of Cambrian fossil whose head and trunk arthropods. appendages were long and Ieg-like8, the For more than a century, the phylo whole-limb mandibles of today's myriapods genetic relationships among the main probably represent an ancestral arthropod arthropod lineages have been a topic of state. Thus, we have a testable hypothesis: lively discussion. Almost every imaginable if myriapods and insects are indeed sister combination has been proposed, but at taxa, then Dll should also be expressed in present only two hypotheses are seriously insect mandibles. But Panganiban et al. 9 considered: the 'TCC' view, which sepa have shown that Dll is not expressed in rates trilobites, crustaceans and cheliccr mandibles of modem insects. To examine ates from the rest of the arthropods1, and whether the absence of Dll is characteristic the 'mandibulate' theory, which groups of the whole insect lineage, we included in together crustaceans, insects and myri our analysis the primitively wingless insect apods2. One feature is common to both: Thennobia domestica, and found that Dll is the close relationship between myriapods not expressed in the mandibles of this and insects. -
The Evolution and Development of Arthropod Appendages
Evolving Form and Function: Fossils and Development Proceedings of a symposium honoring Adolf Seilacher for his contributions to paleontology, in celebration of his 80th birthday Derek E. G. Briggs, Editor April 1– 2, 2005 New Haven, Connecticut A Special Publication of the Peabody Museum of Natural History Yale University New Haven, Connecticut, U.S.A. December 2005 Evolving Form and Function: Fossils and Development Proceedings of a symposium honoring Adolf Seilacher for his contributions to paleontology, in celebration of his 80th birthday A Special Publication of the Peabody Museum of Natural History, Yale University Derek E.G. Briggs, Editor These papers are the proceedings of Evolving Form and Function: Fossils and Development, a symposium held on April 1–2, 2005, at Yale University. Yale Peabody Museum Publications Jacques Gauthier, Curatorial Editor-in-Chief Lawrence F. Gall, Executive Editor Rosemary Volpe, Publications Editor Joyce Gherlone, Publications Assistant Design by Rosemary Volpe • Index by Aardvark Indexing Cover: Fossil specimen of Scyphocrinites sp., Upper Silurian, Morocco (YPM 202267). Purchased for the Yale Peabody Museum by Dr. Seilacher. Photograph by Jerry Domian. © 2005 Peabody Museum of Natural History, Yale University. All rights reserved. Frontispiece: Photograph of Dr. Adolf Seilacher by Wolfgang Gerber. Used with permission. All rights reserved. In addition to occasional Special Publications, the Yale Peabody Museum publishes the Bulletin of the Peabody Museum of Natural History, Postilla and the Yale University Publications in Anthropology. A com- plete list of titles, along with submission guidelines for contributors, can be obtained from the Yale Peabody Museum website or requested from the Publications Office at the address below.